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</button> <ul id="toc-Iberian_Hieronymites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_habit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_habit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Religious habit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_habit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_mission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_mission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>American mission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_mission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_nuns_of_the_Order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_nuns_of_the_Order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>The nuns of the Order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_nuns_of_the_Order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_and_ancient_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_and_ancient_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Other and ancient communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_and_ancient_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Female_communities_(cloistered_nuns)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_communities_(cloistered_nuns)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Female communities (cloistered nuns)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_communities_(cloistered_nuns)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> 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class="mw-page-title-main">Hieronymites</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Йеронимитски орден – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йеронимитски орден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Sant_Jeroni" title="Orde de Sant Jeroni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde de Sant Jeroni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymiten" title="Hieronymiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hieronymiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Τάγμα Ιερωνυμιτών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάγμα Ιερωνυμιτών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo" title="Orden de San Jerónimo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden de San Jerónimo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronimanoj" title="Hieronimanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hieronimanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_Saint-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me" title="Ordre de Saint-Jérôme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de Saint-Jérôme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iar%C3%B3maigh" title="Iarómaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iarómaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Santo_Hieronimus" title="Ordo Santo Hieronimus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ordo Santo Hieronimus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_di_San_Girolamo" title="Ordine di San Girolamo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine di San Girolamo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9" title="מסדר הירונימוס הקדוש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסדר הירונימוס הקדוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Sancti_Hieronymi" title="Ordo Sancti Hieronymi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo Sancti Hieronymi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%ABronymieten_(OSH)" title="Hiëronymieten (OSH) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hiëronymieten (OSH)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronimici" title="Hieronimici – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hieronimici" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_de_S%C3%A3o_Jer%C3%B3nimo" title="Ordem de São Jerónimo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem de São Jerónimo" data-language-autonym="Português" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic cloistered monastics of Jerome</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"O.S.H." redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/OSH_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="OSH (disambiguation)">OSH (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Girolamini" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Girolamini,_Naples" title="Girolamini, Naples">Girolamini, Naples</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Order of Saint Jerome</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg/250px-Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg/375px-Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg/500px-Escudo_de_la_Orden_de_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="1088" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OSH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">Late 14th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_religious_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic religious order">Catholic enclosed religious order</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Orden de San Jerónimo<br />Monasterio de Santa María del Parral<br />Subida al Parral, 2<br />40003 - Segovia, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monjesjeronimos.es/">www.monjesjeronimos.es</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hieronymites</b> or <b>Jeronimites</b>, also formally known as the <b>Order of Saint Jerome</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Ordo Sancti Hieronymi</i>; abbreviated <b>OSH</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">cloistered religious order</a> and a common name for several congregations of <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> living according to the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Rule of Saint Augustine">Rule of Saint Augustine</a>, though the role principle of their lives is that of the 5th-century hermit and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical scholar">biblical scholar</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>. </p><p>The principal group with this name was founded in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> around the 14th century. Their <a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">religious habit</a> is a white <a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunic</a> with a brown, hooded <a href="/wiki/Scapular" title="Scapular">scapular</a> and a brown <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(vesture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantle (vesture)">mantle</a>. For <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> services, they wear a brown <a href="/wiki/Cowl" title="Cowl">cowl</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iberian_Hieronymites">Iberian Hieronymites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Iberian Hieronymites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg/280px-Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg/420px-Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg/560px-Segovia_-_Real_Monasterio_de_Santa_Maria_del_Parral_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Parral" title="Monastery of Santa María del Parral">Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral</a>, the current headquarters of the Order of Saint Jerome.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Established near <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo, Spain</a>, the order developed from a spontaneous interest of a number of <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">eremitical</a> communities in both Spain and Portugal imitating the life of <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paula_of_Rome" title="Paula of Rome">Paula of Rome</a>. This way of life soon became widespread in Spain. Two of these hermits, Pedro Fernández y Pecha and Fernando Yáñez y de Figueroa, decided it would be more advantageous to live a more regular way of life in a community, under an authorized <a href="/wiki/Monastic_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic rule">monastic rule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-monjesjeronimos.es_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monjesjeronimos.es-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under their leadership, the Monastery of Saint Bartholomew was then founded in <a href="/wiki/Lupiana" title="Lupiana">Lupiana</a>, with Fernández y Pecha acting as the first <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">prior</a>. On 18 October 1373, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI" title="Pope Gregory XI">Pope Gregory XI</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> recognizing them as a <a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">religious order</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Rule of Saint Augustine">Rule of Saint Augustine</a>. The constitutions included the teachings of their <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>. By 1415 there numbered 25 houses following this spirit; in that year, they were united by the Pope and given the status of an exempt order, free from <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">episcopal</a> jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-planalfa.es_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planalfa.es-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From its outset, the order enjoyed great favor from the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">king of Spain</a>, and soon possessed some of the most famous monasteries in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>: including the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Mary_of_Guadalupe" title="Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe">Royal Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Royal Monastery of Saint Mary of Bethlehem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal; and the magnificent monastery built by <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> at <a href="/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a>, where the kings of Spain were buried.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Besse_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Besse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though their way of life was very austere, the Hieronymites also devoted themselves to study and to active ministry, possessing great influence at the courts both of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. In the 16th century they were a major supporter of the efforts of the Portuguese mystic <a href="/wiki/John_of_God" title="John of God">John of God</a>, who established the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hospitallers_of_Saint_John_of_God" title="Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God">nursing order</a> in Granada bearing his name. Missionaries to both Spanish and Portuguese America played a considerable part spreading <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in the New World. </p><p>Hieronymite <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a> were founded in 1375 by Maria Garcias, and became numerous throughout the Iberian peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_habit">Religious habit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious habit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habit_(Order_of_Saint_Jerome).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Habit_%28Order_of_Saint_Jerome%29.svg/200px-Habit_%28Order_of_Saint_Jerome%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Habit_%28Order_of_Saint_Jerome%29.svg/300px-Habit_%28Order_of_Saint_Jerome%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Habit_%28Order_of_Saint_Jerome%29.svg/400px-Habit_%28Order_of_Saint_Jerome%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">religious habit</a> of the monks of the Order of Saint Jerome is white and includes the <a href="/wiki/Brown_scapular" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown scapular">brown scapular</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The members of the order (monks and nuns) adopted as their religious habit a white tunic with a brown scapular (similar to the <a href="/wiki/Scapular_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a>) and a hood, over which is worn a brown mantle or cowl of the same color.<sup id="cite_ref-Besse_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Besse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_mission">American mission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The islands of the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> were entrusted to them for <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_care" title="Pastoral care">pastoral care</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Cisneros" title="Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros">Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros</a>, who sent a small party of three monks to <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>. They were originally sent to deal with the issue of accusations against the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Colonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonist">colonists</a> of atrocities against the native population. These charges had been most vocally leveled by the noted <a href="/wiki/Priest_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest (Catholic Church)">priest</a> <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas#Protector_of_the_Indians" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a>, who was a <a href="/wiki/Secular_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular priest">secular priest</a> at the time. They appear to have been ineffectual in preventing the abuses which de la Casas had charged. </p><p>The leader of the monks, <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Figueroa" title="Luis de Figueroa">Luis de Figueroa</a>, was later named the third <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Santo_Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Santo Domingo">bishop of Santo Domingo</a> in 1523, which at the time also included the islands of Cuba and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. He died in 1526, before he could be <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">bishop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another member of the order, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Alz%C3%B3loras" title="Juan Alzóloras"> Juan de Arzolaras (or Alzóloras)</a>, served as the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Santo_Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Santo Domingo">Archbishop of Santo Domingo</a> (1566–1568), before being transferred to serve as the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of the Canary Islands">Bishop of the Canary Islands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg/200px-Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg/300px-Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg/400px-Convento_de_Santa_Paula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Entrance of the nuns' monastery of Saint Paula (<a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The men's branch of the order declined during the 18th century and was completely <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of Monasteries">suppressed in 1835</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, there were 48 monasteries with about a thousand monks. The fate of the monastery buildings was varied. Most of them fell into ruins, others were given to other religious orders, still others became breweries, barns, or holiday homes. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>, only the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> may suppress a religious order, and the Holy See possesses the right to restore that order should it see fit, for up to a century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, the Hieronymite nuns (who were not affected by the suppression) petitioned the Holy See for a restoration of the men's branch. This was granted, with a new community of monks being established at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Parral" title="Monastery of Santa María del Parral">Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>. However, the troubles of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Republic</a> of 1931 and of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> of 1936-1939 prevented any real progress until the general government of the order was constituted in 1969. </p><p>As of 2012 one community of monks exists, that of Saint Mary of Parral, and 18 monasteries of nuns (17 in Spain and one in India). The Hieronymite Order is a monastic one, now purely contemplative. Through solitude and silence, assiduous prayer, and healthy penance, the order attempts to bring its monks into closer union with God. The Hieronymite is conscious that the more intensely he dedicates himself to the monastic life, the more fruitful becomes the life of the Church as a whole. Hieronymites believe that their prayer can have a profound impact on the world outside the monastery. </p><p>This is the environment in which the life of the Hieronymite monk is developed, with the morning usually spent in manual work—the normal means of support for monks—while afternoons are dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">contemplation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a> and study. Throughout the course of the day, the monks also gather for the singing of the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a> as well as the celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>. The Hieronymite strives to allow these moments of prayer to flow through his way of life, so that his goal is to express his life in complete charity towards all people. </p><p>Hieronymites believe this inwardly-directed manner of life is an exquisite and effective form of apostolic outreach. They believe that in the middle of a restless world, there are those who are called by God to spend some time living in monastic solitude. For this reason, Hieronymite monasteries readily welcome visitors who are guaranteed silence and prayerful support.<sup id="cite_ref-planalfa.es_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planalfa.es-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2010, there were 11 monks in the order, of whom four were priests. This is down from a high of 21 monks in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_nuns_of_the_Order">The nuns of the Order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The nuns of the Order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png/220px-Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png/330px-Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png/440px-Sor_Juana_by_Miguel_Cabrera.png 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Hieronymite nun of colonial Mexico</figcaption></figure> <p>Alongside the Hieronymite monks, there are the Hieronymite nuns. They began in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo, Spain</a>, when María García (+1426) and Mayor Gómez headed a group of women who began living lives of simplicity and prayer. Finally, they joined in a common life in order to consecrate their lives to God in prayer and penance. As a result of their community, in 1374, Fernández y Pecha, the prior of the original community of monks, founded the Monastery of Santa Maria de La Sisla near that city. He then looked after the women, guiding them and outlining for them a way of life similar to that of the monks. </p><p>This first foundation was the origin of the Monastery of Saint Paul of the "<i>beatas de San Jerónimo</i>", as they began to be called. Their continued observance of their rules and sanctity led to their spread in various places throughout the Iberian Peninsula and in <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>. In 1585 in Mexico City, the convent of San Jerónimo y Santa Paula was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventeenth-century Hieronymite Sor <a href="/wiki/Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz" title="Juana Inés de la Cruz">Juana Inés de la Cruz</a> was that convent's most famous member, known in her own era as "the Tenth Muse." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_and_ancient_communities">Other and ancient communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other and ancient communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hieronymites of the Observance (or of Lombardy): A reform of the above, effected by the third general in 1424; it embraced seven houses in Spain and seventeen in Italy, mostly in Lombardy. It is now extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Poor Hermits of Saint Jerome (Pisa): Established near <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> in 1377, this congregation established nearly fifty houses, of which only two survive, one in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hermits of Saint Jerome (Fiesole): The congregation of <a href="/wiki/Fiesole" title="Fiesole">Fiesole</a> was established in 1406. They had forty houses but in 1668 they were united with those of Pisa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hermits of Saint Jerome (Stiavnicke Bane, Slovakia): The Hieronymites established a congregation in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tiavnick%C3%A9_Bane" title="Štiavnické Bane">Štiavnické Bane</a> (or Siegelsberg, <a href="/wiki/Hegyb%C3%A1nya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegybánya">Hegybánya</a>) in 1733, then the Kingdom of Hungary. They are now extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_communities">Current communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg/200px-El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg/300px-El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg/400px-El_Parral_claustro_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cloister of the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Parral" title="Monastery of Santa María del Parral">Monastery of Parral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Parral_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/El_Parral_01.jpg/200px-El_Parral_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/El_Parral_01.jpg/300px-El_Parral_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/El_Parral_01.jpg/400px-El_Parral_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Garden of the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Parral" title="Monastery of Santa María del Parral">Monastery of Parral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg/200px-Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg/300px-Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg/400px-Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2850" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jerome">Saint Jerome</a> with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paula" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paula">Saint Paula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Eustochium" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Eustochium">Saint Eustochium</a> (painting of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a> at National Gallery of Art in Washington).</figcaption></figure> <table cellspacing="3" id="bioTable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td width="68%" bgcolor="#f8f8ff" style="border:1px solid #c6c9ff;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Male_communities_(cloistered_monks)"><span id="Male_communities_.28cloistered_monks.29"></span>Male communities (cloistered monks)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Male communities (cloistered monks)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Parral" title="Monastery of Santa María del Parral">Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) – Founded in 1447</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="3" id="bioTable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td width="100%" bgcolor="#fff9f2" style="border:1px solid #ffc9c9;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Female_communities_(cloistered_nuns)"><span id="Female_communities_.28cloistered_nuns.29"></span>Female communities (cloistered nuns)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Female communities (cloistered nuns)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Monastery of Saint Paul (<a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo, Spain</a>) – Founded in 1464</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Marta" title="Convento de Santa Marta">Monastery of Saint Martha</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba, Andalusia">Cordoba</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1464</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Paula (<a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1475</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Matthew (<a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1475</li> <li>Monastery of Santa Mary of the Conception (<a href="/wiki/Trujillo,_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Trujillo, Cáceres">Trujillo, Cáceres</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1478</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Elizabeth (<a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1485</li> <li>Monastery of the Hieronymite Conception (<a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1504</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Bartholomew (Inca, <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1530</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Paula (<a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1540</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Mary of the Assumption (<a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B3n_de_la_Frontera" title="Morón de la Frontera">Morón de la Frontera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1568</li> <li>Monastery of Our Lady of Remedies (<a href="/wiki/Yunquera_de_Henares" title="Yunquera de Henares">Yunquera de Henares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Guadalajara" title="Province of Guadalajara"> Guadalajara</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1572</li> <li>Monastery of Our Lady of Health (Garrovillas, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1ceres" title="Province of Cáceres">Cáceres</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1572</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Corpus_Christi_las_Carboneras" title="Monastery of Corpus Christi las Carboneras">Monastery of Corpus Christi las Carboneras</a> (Madrid, Spain) – Founded in 1605</li> <li>Monastery of Our Lady of the Angels (<a href="/wiki/Constantina,_Seville" title="Constantina, Seville">Constantina, Seville</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1951</li> <li>Monastery of Our Lady of Mercy (<a href="/wiki/Almod%C3%B3var_del_Campo" title="Almodóvar del Campo">Almodóvar del Campo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Real" title="Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a>, Spain) – Founded in 1964</li> <li>Monastery of Saint Mary of Jesus (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres, Spain</a>) – Founded in 1975</li> <li>Monastery of Our Lady of Bethlehem (<a href="/wiki/Toral_de_los_Guzmanes" title="Toral de los Guzmanes">Toral de los Guzmanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León, Spain</a>) – Founded in 1990</li> <li>Monastery of Mater Ecclesiae (Punalur, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India) – Founded in 2000</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Marcella" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Marcella">Marcella</a>: Saint Jerome corresponded with her, and he called her "the glory of the ladies of Cadereyta".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Sant_Jeroni_de_Cotalba" title="Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba">Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba</a> (Valencia, Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristobal_de_Vera" title="Cristobal de Vera">Cristobal de Vera</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-monjesjeronimos.es-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monjesjeronimos.es_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monjesjeronimos.es/">"La Orden de San Jerónimo"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Orden+de+San+Jer%C3%B3nimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonjesjeronimos.es%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-planalfa.es-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-planalfa.es_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-planalfa.es_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725205332/http://www3.planalfa.es/msmparral/orden.htm">"La Orden.La Orden de San Jerónimo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.planalfa.es/msmparral/orden.htm">the original</a> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Orden.La+Orden+de+San+Jer%C3%B3nimo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.planalfa.es%2Fmsmparral%2Forden.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1911454-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1911454_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler1911">Butler 1911</a>, p. 454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Besse-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Besse_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Besse_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBesse1910">Besse 1910</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheney" class="citation web cs1">Cheney, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfigl.html">"Father Luis de Figueroa [Catholic-Hierarchy]"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Father+Luis+de+Figueroa+%5BCatholic-Hierarchy%5D&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fbishop%2Fbfigl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0017/_P1Z.HTM">"Code of Canon Law: text - IntraText CT"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+of+Canon+Law%3A+text+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FENG0017%2F_P1Z.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheney" class="citation web cs1">Cheney, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dqosh.html#info">"Orden de San Jerónimo (Institute of Consecrated Life) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orden+de+San+Jer%C3%B3nimo+%28Institute+of+Consecrated+Life%29+%5BCatholic-Hierarchy%5D&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdqosh.html%23info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asunción Lavrin, <i>Brides of Christ: Conventual Life in Colonial Mexico</i>. Stanford: Stanford University Press 2008, 259.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesse1910" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Besse, Jean Martial Léon (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hieronymites"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Hieronymites">"Hieronymites" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hieronymites&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Besse&rft.aufirst=Jean+Martial+L%C3%A9on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Attribution:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Butler, Edward Cuthbert (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hieronymites" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 454.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hieronymites&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=454&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Edward+Cuthbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHieronymites" class="Z3988"></span> This work in turn cites: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_H%C3%A9lyot" title="Hippolyte Hélyot">Hippolyte Hélyot</a>, T.O.R., <i>Histoire des ordres religieux</i> (1714), iii. cc. 57–60, iv. cc. 1-3</li> <li>Max Heimbucher, <i>Orden and Kongregationen</i> (1896), i. 70</li> <li>"Hieronymiten" in Herzog-Hauck, <i>Realencyklopädie</i> (ed. 3).</li> <li>"Hieronymiten" in Welte and Wetzer, <i>Kirchenlexicon</i> (ed. 2).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Order_of_Saint_Jerome" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Order of Saint Jerome">Order of Saint Jerome</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monjesjeronimos.es/">Order of Saint Jerome - Official Website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monjesjeronimos.es/monjes/">Monastery of Saint Mary of Parral (Hieronymite monks in Segovia)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santapaula.es/">Monastery of Saint Paula (Hieronymite nuns in Seville)</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeronimasdecaceres.webnode.es/">Monastery of Saint Mary of Jesus (Hieronymite nuns in Cáceres)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/16325580-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82167304">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12346804t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12346804t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="jeronymité"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1197630&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007592525205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614567806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&oldid=1253314707">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hieronymites&oldid=1253314707</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hieronymites" title="Category:Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_orders_and_societies" title="Category:Catholic orders and societies">Catholic orders and societies</a></li><li><a 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