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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ISO/IEC 8859-1</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin-1&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-1">Latin-1</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Unicode block also called "Latin 1", see <a href="/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-1 Supplement (Unicode block)">Latin-1 Supplement (Unicode block)</a>. For the 1990s-era misnomer "ISO-8859-1", see <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998</b>, <i>Information technology—<a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a> single-<a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> coded graphic <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">character</a> sets—Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1</i>, is part of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> series of <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>-based standard <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encodings</a>, first edition published in 1987. ISO/IEC 8859-1 encodes what it refers to as "<b>Latin alphabet no. 1</b>", consisting of 191 <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>. This character-encoding scheme is used throughout the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, and much of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. It is the basis for some popular 8-bit character sets and the first two blocks of characters in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. </p><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin-1-infobox.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Latin-1-infobox.svg/240px-Latin-1-infobox.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Latin-1-infobox.svg/360px-Latin-1-infobox.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Latin-1-infobox.svg/480px-Latin-1-infobox.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="435"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">ISO/IEC 8859-1 code page layout</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">MIME / IANA</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">ISO-8859-1</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">iso-ir-100, csISOLatin1, latin1, l1, IBM819, CP819</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">various others</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">Extended ASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">US-ASCII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other related encoding(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">ISO/IEC 8859-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of July 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 1.2% of all <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">web sites</a> use <span class="nowrap">ISO/IEC 8859-1</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-encoding_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encoding-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most declared single-byte character encoding, but as Web browsers and the <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> standard<sup id="cite_ref-WHATWG_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHATWG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interpret them as the superset <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a>, these documents may include characters from that set. Depending on the country or language, website use can be higher than the global average, in Brazil it is at 3.4%,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Germany at 2.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ISO-8859-1 was (according to the standard, at least) the default encoding of documents delivered via <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">MIME type</a> beginning with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">text/</code>, the default encoding of the values of certain descriptive HTTP headers, and defined the repertoire of characters allowed in <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> 3.2 documents. It is specified by many other standards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2024)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In practice, the superset encoding Windows-1252 is the more likely effective default<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is increasingly common for <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> to work whether or not a standard specifies it. </p><p><b>ISO-8859-1</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> preferred name for this standard when supplemented with the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> from <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a>. The following other aliases are registered: <b>iso-ir-100</b>, <b>csISOLatin1</b>, <b>latin1</b>, <b>l1</b>, <b>IBM819</b>, <b>Code page 28591</b> a.k.a. <b>Windows-28591</b> is used for it in Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM calls it <b>code page 819</b> or <b>CP819</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a> 819</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle</a> calls it <b>WE8ISO8859P1</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oracle_2002_ISO8859_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oracle_2002_ISO8859-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Coverage"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Coverage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Modern_languages_with_complete_coverage"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Modern languages with complete coverage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Languages_with_incomplete_coverage"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Languages with incomplete coverage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Quotation_marks"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Quotation marks</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Superscript_digits"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Superscript digits</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Code_page_layout"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Code page layout</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Similar_character_sets"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Similar character sets</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#ISO/IEC_8859-15"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">ISO/IEC 8859-15</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Windows-1252"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Windows-1252</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Mac_Roman"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mac Roman</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Coverage">Coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Coverage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Latin-script alphabet</a></div> <p>Each character is encoded as a single eight-bit code value. These code values can be used in almost any data interchange system to communicate in the following languages (while it may exclude correct <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark#German" title="Quotation mark">quotation marks</a> such as for many languages including <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_languages_with_complete_coverage">Modern languages with complete coverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern languages with complete coverage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_language" title="Corsican language">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonese dialect">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Rhaeto-Romanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotokas_alphabet" title="Rotokas alphabet">Rotokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami language">Southern Sami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Basic classical orthography</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rumi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumi script">Rumi script</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bokmål and Nynorsk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">European and Brazilian</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages_with_incomplete_coverage">Languages with incomplete coverage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Languages with incomplete coverage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>ISO-8859-1 was commonly used<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for certain languages, even though it lacks characters used by these languages. In most cases, only a few letters are missing or they are rarely used, and they can be replaced with characters that are in ISO-8859-1 using some form of <a href="/wiki/Typographic_approximation" title="Typographic approximation">typographic approximation</a>. The following table lists such languages. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Missing characters</th> <th>Typical workaround</th> <th>Supported by </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŀ">Ŀ</a>, ŀ (deprecated)</td> <td>L·, l·</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C7%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǿ">Ǿ</a>, ǿ (the accent is optional and ǿ is very rare)</td> <td>Ø, ø or øe</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">Ĳ</a>, ĳ (debatable), <a href="/wiki/J%CC%81" class="mw-redirect" title="J́">j́</a> (in emphasized words like "blíj́f")</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> IJ, ij or ÿ; blíjf</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š</a>, š, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž</a>, ž (only present in loanwords)</td> <td>Sh, sh, Zh, zh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">ISO-8859-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">Œ</a>, œ, and the very rare <a href="/wiki/%C5%B8" title="Ÿ">Ÿ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> OE, oe; Y or Ý</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">ISO-8859-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capital_%E1%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital ẞ">ẞ</a> (capital ß, used only in all capitals)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> SS or SZ</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ő">Ő</a>, ő, <a href="/wiki/%C5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ű">Ű</a>, ű</td> <td>Ö, ö, Ü, ü <br><a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">Õ</a>, õ, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9B" title="Û">Û</a>, û (the characters replaced in <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">8859-2</a></span>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">ISO-8859-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">Windows-1250</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography#Alphabet" title="Irish orthography">traditional orthography</a>)</td> <td>Ḃ, ḃ, Ċ, ċ, Ḋ, ḋ, Ḟ, ḟ, Ġ, ġ, Ṁ, ṁ, Ṗ, ṗ, Ṡ, ṡ, Ṫ, ṫ</td> <td>Bh, bh, Ch, ch, Dh, dh, Fh, fh, Gh, gh, Mh, mh, Ph, ph, Sh, sh, Th, th</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">ISO-8859-14</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%8A" title="Ċ">Ċ</a>, ċ, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A0" title="Ġ">Ġ</a>, ġ, <a href="/wiki/%C4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ħ">Ħ</a>, ħ, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BB" title="Ż">Ż</a>, ż</td> <td>C, c, G, g, H, h, Z, z</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">ISO-8859-3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẁ">Ẁ</a>, ẁ, <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%82" title="Ẃ">Ẃ</a>, ẃ, <a href="/wiki/%C5%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŵ">Ŵ</a>, ŵ, <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẅ">Ẅ</a>, ẅ, <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ỳ">Ỳ</a>, ỳ, <a href="/wiki/%C5%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŷ">Ŷ</a>, ŷ, <a href="/wiki/%C5%B8" title="Ÿ">Ÿ</a></td> <td>W, w, Y, y, Ý, ý</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">ISO-8859-14</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The letter <i>ÿ</i>, which appears in French only very rarely, mainly in city names such as <a href="/wiki/L%27Ha%C3%BF-les-Roses" title="L'Haÿ-les-Roses">L'Haÿ-les-Roses</a> and never at the beginning of words, is included only in lowercase form. The slot corresponding to its uppercase form is occupied by the lowercase letter <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a></i> from the German language, which did not have an <a href="/wiki/Capital_%E1%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital ẞ">uppercase form</a> at the time when the standard was created. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quotation_marks">Quotation marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Quotation marks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For some languages listed above, the correct typographical <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark#Summary_table" title="Quotation mark">quotation marks</a> are missing, as only <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">« »</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">" "</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">' '</code> are included. Also, this scheme does not provide for oriented (6- or 9-shaped) single or double quotation marks. Some fonts will display the spacing grave accent (0x60) and the apostrophe (0x27) as a matching pair of oriented single quotation marks (see <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark#Typewriters_and_early_computers" title="Quotation mark">Quotation mark § Typewriters and early computers</a>), but this is not considered part of the modern standard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superscript_digits">Superscript digits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Superscript digits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Only 3 superscript digits have been encoded: <code>²</code> at 0xB2, <code>³</code> at 0xB3, and <code>¹</code> at 0xB9, lacking the superscript digit 0 and digits 4–9. Additionally, none of the subscript digits have been encoded. A workaround would be to use rich text formatting for the digits not covered by this standard. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>ISO 8859-1 was based on the <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational Character Set</a> (MCS) used by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> (DEC) in the popular <a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VT220</a> terminal in 1983. It was developed within the <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">European Computer Manufacturers Association</a> (ECMA), and published in March 1985 as <a href="/wiki/ECMA-94" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-94">ECMA-94</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by which name it is still sometimes known. The second edition of ECMA-94 (June 1986)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also included <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">ISO 8859-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">ISO 8859-3</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">ISO 8859-4</a> as part of the specification. </p><p>The original draft of ISO 8859-1 placed French <i>Œ</i> and <i>œ</i> at code points 215 (0xD7) and 247 (0xF7), as in the MCS. However, the delegate from France, being neither a linguist nor a typographer, falsely stated that these are not independent French letters on their own, but mere <a href="/wiki/Orthographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthographic ligature">ligatures</a> (like <i>ﬁ</i> or <i>ﬂ</i>), supported by the delegate team from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bull_Publishing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bull Publishing Company (page does not exist)">Bull Publishing Company</a>, who regularly did not print French with <i>Œ/œ</i> in their house style at the time. An anglophone delegate from Canada insisted on retaining <i>Œ/œ</i> but was rebuffed by the French delegate and the team from Bull. These code points were soon filled with × and ÷ under the suggestion of the German delegation. Support for French was further reduced when it was again falsely stated that the letter <i>ÿ</i> is "not French", resulting in the absence of the capital <i>Ÿ</i>. In fact, the letter <i>ÿ</i> is found in a number of French proper names, and the capital letter has been used in dictionaries and encyclopedias.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These characters were added to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15#1999" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">ISO/IEC 8859-15:1999</a>. <a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a> matches the original draft. </p><p>In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a> adopted ECMA-94 for its new <a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a> operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-Amiga-1251_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amiga-1251-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Seikosha MP-1300AI impact dot-matrix printer, used with the Amiga 1000, included this encoding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1990, the first version of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> used the code points of ISO-8859-1 as the first 256 Unicode code points. </p><p>In 1992, the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> registered the character map <b>ISO_8859-1:1987</b>, more commonly known by its preferred <a href="/wiki/MIME" title="MIME">MIME</a> name of <b>ISO-8859-1</b> (note the extra hyphen over ISO 8859-1), a superset of ISO 8859-1, for use on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. This map assigns the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> to the unassigned code values thus provides for 256 characters via every possible 8-bit value. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Code_page_layout">Code page layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Code page layout" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table class="wikitable nounderlines nowrap" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large"> <caption style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:80%;line-height:1.5">ISO/IEC 8859-1 </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <td> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0 </td> <td style="width:20pt">1 </td> <td style="width:20pt">2 </td> <td style="width:20pt">3 </td> <td style="width:20pt">4 </td> <td style="width:20pt">5 </td> <td style="width:20pt">6 </td> <td style="width:20pt">7 </td> <td style="width:20pt">8 </td> <td style="width:20pt">9 </td> <td style="width:20pt">A </td> <td style="width:20pt">B </td> <td style="width:20pt">C </td> <td style="width:20pt">D </td> <td style="width:20pt">E </td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">0x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">1x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">2x </td> <td title="32 U+0020: SPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character"> SP </a> </span> </td> <td title="33 U+0021: EXCLAMATION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/!" class="mw-redirect" title="!">!</a> </td> <td title="34 U+0022: QUOTATION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%22" class="mw-redirect" title='"'>"</a> </td> <td title="35 U+0023: NUMBER SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a> </td> <td title="36 U+0024: DOLLAR SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%24" class="mw-redirect" title="$">$</a> </td> <td title="37 U+0025: PERCENT SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%25" class="mw-redirect" title="%">%</a> </td> <td title="38 U+0026: AMPERSAND" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%26" class="mw-redirect" title="&">&</a> </td> <td title="39 U+0027: APOSTROPHE" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%27" class="mw-redirect" title="'">'</a> </td> <td title="40 U+0028: LEFT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/(" class="mw-redirect" title="(">(</a> </td> <td title="41 U+0029: RIGHT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/)" class="mw-redirect" title=")">)</a> </td> <td title="42 U+002A: ASTERISK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/*" class="mw-redirect" title="*">*</a> </td> <td title="43 U+002B: PLUS SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="+">+</a> </td> <td title="44 U+002C: COMMA" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/," class="mw-redirect" title=",">,</a> </td> <td title="45 U+002D: HYPHEN-MINUS" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/-" class="mw-redirect" title="-">-</a> </td> <td title="46 U+002E: FULL STOP" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">.</a> </td> <td title="47 U+002F: SOLIDUS" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">/</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">3x </td> <td title="48 U+0030: DIGIT ZERO" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a> </td> <td title="49 U+0031: DIGIT ONE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> </td> <td title="50 U+0032: DIGIT TWO" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/2" title="2">2</a> </td> <td title="51 U+0033: DIGIT THREE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> </td> <td title="52 U+0034: DIGIT FOUR" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> </td> <td title="53 U+0035: DIGIT FIVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/5" title="5">5</a> </td> <td title="54 U+0036: DIGIT SIX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/6" title="6">6</a> </td> <td title="55 U+0037: DIGIT SEVEN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> </td> <td title="56 U+0038: DIGIT EIGHT" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/8" title="8">8</a> </td> <td title="57 U+0039: DIGIT NINE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a> </td> <td title="58 U+003A: COLON" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">:</a> </td> <td title="59 U+003B: SEMICOLON" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/;" class="mw-redirect" title=";">;</a> </td> <td title="60 U+003C: LESS-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Less-than_sign" title="Less-than sign"><</a> </td> <td title="61 U+003D: EQUALS SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%3D" class="mw-redirect" title="=">=</a> </td> <td title="62 U+003E: GREATER-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Greater-than_sign" title="Greater-than sign">></a> </td> <td title="63 U+003F: QUESTION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="?">?</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">4x </td> <td title="64 U+0040: COMMERCIAL AT" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/@" class="mw-redirect" title="@">@</a> </td> <td title="65 U+0041: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </td> <td title="66 U+0042: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </td> <td title="67 U+0043: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </td> <td title="68 U+0044: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </td> <td title="69 U+0045: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </td> <td title="70 U+0046: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </td> <td title="71 U+0047: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </td> <td title="72 U+0048: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </td> <td title="73 U+0049: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td title="74 U+004A: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> </td> <td title="75 U+004B: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> </td> <td title="76 U+004C: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> </td> <td title="77 U+004D: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> </td> <td title="78 U+004E: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> </td> <td title="79 U+004F: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">5x </td> <td title="80 U+0050: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> </td> <td title="81 U+0051: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> </td> <td title="82 U+0052: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> </td> <td title="83 U+0053: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> </td> <td title="84 U+0054: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> </td> <td title="85 U+0055: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> </td> <td title="86 U+0056: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> </td> <td title="87 U+0057: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> </td> <td title="88 U+0058: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td> <td title="89 U+0059: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> </td> <td title="90 U+005A: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td> <td title="91 U+005B: LEFT SQUARE BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Left_square_bracket" class="mw-redirect" title="Left square bracket">[</a> </td> <td title="92 U+005C: REVERSE SOLIDUS" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">\</a> </td> <td title="93 U+005D: RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Right_square_bracket" class="mw-redirect" title="Right square bracket">]</a> </td> <td title="94 U+005E: CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%5E" class="mw-redirect" title="^">^</a> </td> <td title="95 U+005F: LOW LINE" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">_</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">6x </td> <td title="96 U+0060: GRAVE ACCENT" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%60" class="mw-redirect" title="`">`</a> </td> <td title="97 U+0061: LATIN SMALL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td title="98 U+0062: LATIN SMALL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td title="99 U+0063: LATIN SMALL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> </td> <td title="100 U+0064: LATIN SMALL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td title="101 U+0065: LATIN SMALL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td title="102 U+0066: LATIN SMALL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td title="103 U+0067: LATIN SMALL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td> <td title="104 U+0068: LATIN SMALL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td> <td title="105 U+0069: LATIN SMALL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td> <td title="106 U+006A: LATIN SMALL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td> <td title="107 U+006B: LATIN SMALL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td> <td title="108 U+006C: LATIN SMALL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td> <td title="109 U+006D: LATIN SMALL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td> <td title="110 U+006E: LATIN SMALL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td> <td title="111 U+006F: LATIN SMALL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">7x </td> <td title="112 U+0070: LATIN SMALL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td title="113 U+0071: LATIN SMALL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> </td> <td title="114 U+0072: LATIN SMALL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td title="115 U+0073: LATIN SMALL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td title="116 U+0074: LATIN SMALL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td> <td title="117 U+0075: LATIN SMALL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td> <td title="118 U+0076: LATIN SMALL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a> </td> <td title="119 U+0077: LATIN SMALL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td> <td title="120 U+0078: LATIN SMALL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> </td> <td title="121 U+0079: LATIN SMALL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td> <td title="122 U+007A: LATIN SMALL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td title="123 U+007B: LEFT CURLY BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Left_curly_bracket" class="mw-redirect" title="Left curly bracket">{</a> </td> <td title="124 U+007C: VERTICAL LINE" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">|</a> </td> <td title="125 U+007D: RIGHT CURLY BRACKET" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/Right_curly_bracket" class="mw-redirect" title="Right curly bracket">}</a> </td> <td title="126 U+007E: TILDE" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/~" class="mw-redirect" title="~">~</a> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">8x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">9x </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Ax </td> <td title="160 U+00A0: NO-BREAK SPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <a href="/wiki/NBSP" class="mw-redirect" title="NBSP">NBSP</a> </span> </td> <td title="161 U+00A1: INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="¡">¡</a> </td> <td title="162 U+00A2: CENT SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="¢">¢</a> </td> <td title="163 U+00A3: POUND SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="£">£</a> </td> <td title="164 U+00A4: CURRENCY SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="¤">¤</a> </td> <td title="165 U+00A5: YEN SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="¥">¥</a> </td> <td title="166 U+00A6: BROKEN BAR" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="¦">¦</a> </td> <td title="167 U+00A7: SECTION SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="§">§</a> </td> <td title="168 U+00A8: DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="¨">¨</a> </td> <td title="169 U+00A9: COPYRIGHT SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="©">©</a> </td> <td title="170 U+00AA: FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ª">ª</a> </td> <td title="171 U+00AB: LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="«">«</a> </td> <td title="172 U+00AC: NOT SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="¬">¬</a> </td> <td title="173 U+00AD: SOFT HYPHEN" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"> <a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">SHY</a> </span> </td> <td title="174 U+00AE: REGISTERED SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="®">®</a> </td> <td title="175 U+00AF: MACRON" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="¯">¯</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Bx </td> <td title="176 U+00B0: DEGREE SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="°">°</a> </td> <td title="177 U+00B1: PLUS-MINUS SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="±">±</a> </td> <td title="178 U+00B2: SUPERSCRIPT TWO" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Superscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscript">²</a> </td> <td title="179 U+00B3: SUPERSCRIPT THREE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Superscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscript">³</a> </td> <td title="180 U+00B4: ACUTE ACCENT" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="´">´</a> </td> <td title="181 U+00B5: MICRO SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">µ</a> </td> <td title="182 U+00B6: PILCROW SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="¶">¶</a> </td> <td title="183 U+00B7: MIDDLE DOT" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="·">·</a> </td> <td title="184 U+00B8: CEDILLA" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="¸">¸</a> </td> <td title="185 U+00B9: SUPERSCRIPT ONE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Superscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscript">¹</a> </td> <td title="186 U+00BA: MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="º">º</a> </td> <td title="187 U+00BB: RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="»">»</a> </td> <td title="188 U+00BC: VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fraction#Typographical_variations" title="Fraction">¼</a> </td> <td title="189 U+00BD: VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="½">½</a> </td> <td title="190 U+00BE: VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fraction#Typographical_variations" title="Fraction">¾</a> </td> <td title="191 U+00BF: INVERTED QUESTION MARK" style="padding:1px;background:#EFF"><a href="/wiki/%C2%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="¿">¿</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Cx </td> <td title="192 U+00C0: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">À</a> </td> <td title="193 U+00C1: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Á</a> </td> <td title="194 U+00C2: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Â</a> </td> <td title="195 U+00C3: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ã</a> </td> <td title="196 U+00C4: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä</a> </td> <td title="197 U+00C5: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a> </td> <td title="198 U+00C6: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a> </td> <td title="199 U+00C7: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Ç</a> </td> <td title="200 U+00C8: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88" title="È">È</a> </td> <td title="201 U+00C9: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">É</a> </td> <td title="202 U+00CA: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8A" title="Ê">Ê</a> </td> <td title="203 U+00CB: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8B" title="Ë">Ë</a> </td> <td title="204 U+00CC: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8C" title="Ì">Ì</a> </td> <td title="205 U+00CD: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D" title="Í">Í</a> </td> <td title="206 U+00CE: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8E" title="Î">Î</a> </td> <td title="207 U+00CF: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">Ï</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Dx </td> <td title="208 U+00D0: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">Ð</a> </td> <td title="209 U+00D1: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">Ñ</a> </td> <td title="210 U+00D2: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%92" title="Ò">Ò</a> </td> <td title="211 U+00D3: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">Ó</a> </td> <td title="212 U+00D4: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Ô">Ô</a> </td> <td title="213 U+00D5: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">Õ</a> </td> <td title="214 U+00D6: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a> </td> <td title="215 U+00D7: MULTIPLICATION SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFD"><a href="/wiki/%C3%97" class="mw-redirect" title="×">×</a> </td> <td title="216 U+00D8: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a> </td> <td title="217 U+00D9: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ù">Ù</a> </td> <td title="218 U+00DA: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9A" title="Ú">Ú</a> </td> <td title="219 U+00DB: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9B" title="Û">Û</a> </td> <td title="220 U+00DC: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">Ü</a> </td> <td title="221 U+00DD: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D" title="Ý">Ý</a> </td> <td title="222 U+00DE: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">Þ</a> </td> <td title="223 U+00DF: LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Ex </td> <td title="224 U+00E0: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">à</a> </td> <td title="225 U+00E1: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">á</a> </td> <td title="226 U+00E2: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">â</a> </td> <td title="227 U+00E3: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">ã</a> </td> <td title="228 U+00E4: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">ä</a> </td> <td title="229 U+00E5: LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a> </td> <td title="230 U+00E6: LATIN SMALL LETTER AE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a> </td> <td title="231 U+00E7: LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">ç</a> </td> <td title="232 U+00E8: LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%88" title="È">è</a> </td> <td title="233 U+00E9: LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a> </td> <td title="234 U+00EA: LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8A" title="Ê">ê</a> </td> <td title="235 U+00EB: LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8B" title="Ë">ë</a> </td> <td title="236 U+00EC: LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8C" title="Ì">ì</a> </td> <td title="237 U+00ED: LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D" title="Í">í</a> </td> <td title="238 U+00EE: LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8E" title="Î">î</a> </td> <td title="239 U+00EF: LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8F" title="Ï">ï</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">Fx </td> <td title="240 U+00F0: LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a> </td> <td title="241 U+00F1: LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">ñ</a> </td> <td title="242 U+00F2: LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%92" title="Ò">ò</a> </td> <td title="243 U+00F3: LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">ó</a> </td> <td title="244 U+00F4: LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Ô">ô</a> </td> <td title="245 U+00F5: LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%95" title="Õ">õ</a> </td> <td title="246 U+00F6: LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a> </td> <td title="247 U+00F7: DIVISION SIGN" style="padding:1px;background:#EFD"><a href="/wiki/%C3%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="÷">÷</a> </td> <td title="248 U+00F8: LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a> </td> <td title="249 U+00F9: LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ù">ù</a> </td> <td title="250 U+00FA: LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9A" title="Ú">ú</a> </td> <td title="251 U+00FB: LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9B" title="Û">û</a> </td> <td title="252 U+00FC: LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">ü</a> </td> <td title="253 U+00FD: LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D" title="Ý">ý</a> </td> <td title="254 U+00FE: LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a> </td> <td title="255 U+00FF: LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS" style="padding:1px;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%B8" title="Ÿ">ÿ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="max-width:320pt;background:#F8F8F8;font-size:75%;text-align:left"><div class="wrap"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DDD; color:black;"> </span> Undefined</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EFF; color:black;"> </span> Symbols and punctuation</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EFD; color:black;"> </span> Undefined in the first release of ECMA-94 (1985).<sup id="cite_ref-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the original draft Œ was at 0xD7 and œ was at 0xF7.</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Similar_character_sets">Similar character sets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Similar character sets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets (computing)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISO/IEC_8859-15"><span id="ISO.2FIEC_8859-15"></span>ISO/IEC 8859-15</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: ISO/IEC 8859-15" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">ISO/IEC 8859-15</a> was developed in 1999, as an update of ISO/IEC 8859-1. It provides some characters for French and Finnish text and the <a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">euro sign</a>, which are missing from ISO/IEC 8859-1. This required the removal of some infrequently used characters from ISO/IEC 8859-1, including fraction symbols and letter-free diacritics: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">¤</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">¦</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">¨</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">´</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">¸</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">¼</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">½</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">¾</code>. Ironically, three of the newly added characters (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Œ</code>, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">œ</code>, and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Ÿ</code>) had already been present in <a href="/wiki/DEC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEC (company)">DEC</a>'s 1983 <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational Character Set</a> (MCS), the predecessor to ISO/IEC 8859-1 (1987). Since their original code points were now reused for other purposes, the characters had to be reintroduced under different, less logical code points. </p><p>ISO-IR-204, a more minor modification (called <b>code page 61235</b> by FreeDOS),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had been registered in 1998, altering ISO-8859-1 by replacing the <a href="/wiki/Universal_currency_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal currency sign">universal currency sign</a> (¤) with the euro sign<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the same substitution made by ISO-8859-15). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Windows-1252" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The popular <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> character set adds all the missing characters provided by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">ISO/IEC 8859-15</a>, plus a number of typographic symbols, by replacing the rarely used C1 controls in the range 128 to 159 (<a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hex</a> 80 to 9F). It is very common to mislabel Windows-1252 text as being in ISO-8859-1. A common result was that all the quotes and apostrophes (produced by "smart quotes" in word-processing software) were replaced with question marks or boxes on non-Windows operating systems, making text difficult to read. Many Web browsers and e-mail clients will interpret ISO-8859-1 control codes as Windows-1252 characters, and that behavior was later standardized in <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mac_Roman">Mac Roman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mac Roman" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a> computer introduced a character encoding called <a href="/wiki/Mac_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac Roman">Mac Roman</a> in 1984. It was meant to be suitable for Western European <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a>. It is a superset of ASCII, and has most of the characters that are in ISO-8859-1 and all the extra characters from Windows-1252, but in a totally different arrangement. The few printable characters that are in ISO/IEC 8859-1, but not in this set, are often a source of trouble when editing text on Web sites using older Macintosh browsers, including the last version of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_for_Mac" title="Internet Explorer for Mac">Internet Explorer for Mac</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> has <a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">code page 850</a>, which has all printable characters that ISO-8859-1 has, albeit in a totally different arrangement, plus the most widely used <a href="/wiki/Graphic_character" title="Graphic character">graphic characters</a> from <a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">code page 437</a>. </p><p>Between 1989<sup id="cite_ref-HP82240B_1989_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP82240B_1989-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2015, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> used another superset of ISO-8859-1 on many of their calculators. <a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">This proprietary character set</a> was sometimes referred to simply as "ECMA-94" as well.<sup id="cite_ref-HP82240B_1989_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HP82240B_1989-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HP also has <a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">code page 1053</a>, which adds the medium shade (▒, U+2592) at 0x7F.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages were purposely designed to have the same set of characters as ISO-8859-1, to allow easy conversion between them. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Latin script in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">Universal Coded Character Set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">European Unicode subset (DIN 91379)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-encoding-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encoding_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding">"Historical trends in the usage statistics of character encodings for Web sites, July 2024"</a>. <i>W3Techs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240404224648/https://w3techs.com/technologies/history_overview/character_encoding">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3Techs&rft.atitle=Historical+trends+in+the+usage+statistics+of+character+encodings+for+Web+sites%2C+July+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Ftechnologies%2Fhistory_overview%2Fcharacter_encoding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowanSoltano2014" class="citation web cs1">Cowan, John; Soltano, Sam (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/forum/topic/22994">"Source of character encoding statistics?"</a>. <i>W3Techs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240404230303/https://w3techs.com/forum/topic/22994">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3Techs&rft.atitle=Source+of+character+encoding+statistics%3F&rft.date=2014-08&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Soltano%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Fforum%2Ftopic%2F22994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHATWG-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHATWG_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels">"Encoding"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>. 27 January 2015. sec. 5.2 Names and labels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204174315/https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp00819.html">the original</a> on 2017-01-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+page+819+information+document&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fcp%2Fcp00819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327100212/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid819.html">"CCSID 819 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid819.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+819+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid819.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00819.pdf"><i>Code Page CPGID 00819 (pdf)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, IBM</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Code+Page+CPGID+00819+%28pdf%29&rft.pub=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.dhe.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fgcoc%2Fattachments%2FCP00819.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/globalization/gcoc/attachments/CP00819.txt"><i>Code Page CPGID 00819 (txt)</i></a>, IBM</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Code+Page+CPGID+00819+%28txt%29&rft.pub=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.dhe.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fgcoc%2Fattachments%2FCP00819.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oracle_2002_ISO8859-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oracle_2002_ISO8859_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBairdChibaChuFan2002" class="citation book cs1">Baird, Cathy; Chiba, Dan; Chu, Winson; Fan, Jessica; Ho, Claire; Law, Simon; Lee, Geoff; Linsley, Peter; Matsuda, Keni; Oscroft, Tamzin; Takeda, Shige; Tanaka, Linus; Tozawa, Makoto; Trute, Barry; Tsujimoto, Mayumi; Wu, Ying; Yau, Michael; Yu, Tim; Wang, Chao; Wong, Simon; Zhang, Weiran; Zheng, Lei; Zhu, Yan; Moore, Valarie (2002) [1996]. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A%3A+Locale+Data&rft.btitle=Oracle9i+Database+Globalization+Support+Guide&rft.edition=Release+2+%289.2%29&rft.pub=Oracle+Corporation&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Baird&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft.au=Chiba%2C+Dan&rft.au=Chu%2C+Winson&rft.au=Fan%2C+Jessica&rft.au=Ho%2C+Claire&rft.au=Law%2C+Simon&rft.au=Lee%2C+Geoff&rft.au=Linsley%2C+Peter&rft.au=Matsuda%2C+Keni&rft.au=Oscroft%2C+Tamzin&rft.au=Takeda%2C+Shige&rft.au=Tanaka%2C+Linus&rft.au=Tozawa%2C+Makoto&rft.au=Trute%2C+Barry&rft.au=Tsujimoto%2C+Mayumi&rft.au=Wu%2C+Ying&rft.au=Yau%2C+Michael&rft.au=Yu%2C+Tim&rft.au=Wang%2C+Chao&rft.au=Wong%2C+Simon&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Weiran&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Lei&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Yan&rft.au=Moore%2C+Valarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fcd%2FB10501_01%2Fserver.920%2Fa96529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECMA_1985_ECMA94_R1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN/ECMA-94,%201st%20Edition,%20March%201985.pdf"><i>Standard ECMA-94: 8-bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Set</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (1 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">European Computer Manufacturers Association</a> (ECMA). March 1985 [1984-12-14]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202011921/http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN/ECMA-94%2C%201st%20Edition%2C%20March%201985.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-01</span></span>. <q>[…] Since 1982 the urgency of the need for an 8-bit single-byte coded character set was recognized in ECMA as well as in ANSI/X3L2 and numerous working papers were exchanged between the two groups. In February 1984 ECMA TC1 submitted to ISO/TC97/SC2 a proposal for such a coded character set. At its meeting of April 1984 SC decided to submit to TC97 a proposal for a new item of work for this topic. Technical discussions during and after this meeting led TC1 to adopt the coding scheme proposed by X3L2. Part 1 of Draft International Standard DTS 8859 is based on this joint ANSI/ECMA proposal. […] Adopted as an ECMA Standard by the General Assembly of Dec. 13–14, 1984. […]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+ECMA-94%3A+8-bit+Single-Byte+Coded+Graphic+Character+Set&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=European+Computer+Manufacturers+Association+%28ECMA%29&rft.date=1985-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Ffiles%2FECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN%2FECMA-94%2C%25201st%2520Edition%2C%2520March%25201985.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-094.pdf">"Second edition of ECMA-94 (June 1986)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+edition+of+ECMA-94+%28June+1986%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecma-international.org%2Fpublications%2Ffiles%2FECMA-ST%2FEcma-094.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndré1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">André, Jacques (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.numdam.org/article/CG_1996___25_65_0.pdf">"ISO Latin-1, norme de codage des caractères européens? Trois caractères français en sont absents!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cahiers GUTenberg</i> (in French) (25): 65–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5802%2Fcg.205">10.5802/cg.205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+GUTenberg&rft.atitle=ISO+Latin-1%2C+norme+de+codage+des+caract%C3%A8res+europ%C3%A9ens%3F+Trois+caract%C3%A8res+fran%C3%A7ais+en+sont+absents%21&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=65-77&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5802%2Fcg.205&rft.aulast=Andr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.numdam.org%2Farticle%2FCG_1996___25_65_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amiga-1251-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amiga-1251_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalyshev2003" class="citation web cs1">Malyshev, Michael (2003-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/Amiga-1251">"Registration of new charset [Amiga-1251]"</a>. ATO-RU (Amiga Translation Organization - Russian Department). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161205191644/https://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/Amiga-1251">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplementary+set+for+Latin-1+alternative+with+EURO+SIGN&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1998-09-16&rft.au=ITS+Information+Technology+Standardization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F204.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Kesteren2015" class="citation web cs1">van Kesteren, Anne (27 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels">"5.2 Names and labels"</a>. <i>Encoding Standard</i>. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204174315/https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#names-and-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encoding+Standard&rft.atitle=5.2+Names+and+labels&rft.date=2015-01-27&rft.aulast=van+Kesteren&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencoding.spec.whatwg.org%2F%23names-and-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HP82240B_1989-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HP82240B_1989_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HP82240B_1989_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>HP 82240B Infrared Printer</i> (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA: <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>. August 1989. HP reorder number 82240-90014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HP+82240B+Infrared+Printer&rft.place=Corvallis%2C+OR%2C+USA&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Hewlett-Packard&rft.date=1989-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121104245/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01053z.pdf">"Code Page 1053"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-03.ibm.com/systems/resources/systems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01053z.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Code+Page+1053&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-03.ibm.com%2Fsystems%2Fresources%2Fsystems_i_software_globalization_pdf_cp01053z.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/28245.html">ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/sc2/wg3/docs/n411.pdf">ISO/IEC FDIS 8859-1:1998</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200930013716/http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG3/docs/n411.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 <i>(draft dated February 12, 1998, published April 15, 1998)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-94/">Standard ECMA-94: 8-Bit Single Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets — Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4</a> <i>2nd edition (June 1986)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/100.pdf">ISO-IR 100</a> Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet No.1 <i>(February 1, 1986)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eki.ee/letter/">The Letter Database</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzyborra1998" class="citation web cs1">Czyborra, Roman (1998-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html#ISO-8859-1">"The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201141241/http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ISO+8859+Alphabet+Soup&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.aulast=Czyborra&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fczyborra.com%2Fcharsets%2Fiso8859.html%23ISO-8859-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AISO%2FIEC+8859-1" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859-1.txt.gz">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859-1.bdf.gz">[2]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&oldid=1259522285">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&oldid=1259522285</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8859-1&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Symbol & Font Hunter" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732554134"> <span>Last edited on 25 November 2024, at 17:02</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1" title="Latin-1 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Latin-1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DB%B8%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B9%E2%80%93%DB%B1" title="ایزو/آی‌ئی‌سی ۸۸۵۹–۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزو/آی‌ئی‌سی ۸۸۵۹–۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/CEI_8859-1" title="ISO/CEI 8859-1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="ISO/CEI 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1" title="ISO 8859-1 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="ISO 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="ISO/IEC 8859-1" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 17:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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