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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annihilatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annihilatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Annihilatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annihilatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antimaterie_in_het_heelal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antimaterie_in_het_heelal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Antimaterie in het heelal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antimaterie_in_het_heelal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Trivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antimaterie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 83 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="مادة مضادة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مادة مضادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="ضدمادة – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ضدمادة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimadd%C9%99" title="Antimaddə – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antimaddə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Антыматэрыя – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антыматэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антиматерия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антиматерия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="প্রতিপদার্থ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতিপদার্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterija" title="Antimaterija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antimaterija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimat%C3%A8ria" title="Antimatèria – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antimatèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C4%81ng_%C5%ADk-c%C3%A9k" title="Huāng ŭk-cék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huāng ŭk-cék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihmota" title="Antihmota – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antihmota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwrthfater" title="Gwrthfater – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwrthfater" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antistof_(fysik)" title="Antistof (fysik) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antistof (fysik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterie" title="Antimaterie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antimaterie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Αντιύλη – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντιύλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-mat%C3%A8ria" title="Anti-matèria – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Anti-matèria" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antimatter" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterio" title="Antimaterio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antimaterio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiaine" title="Antiaine – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antiaine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="پادماده – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادماده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimati%C3%A8re" title="Antimatière – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antimatière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frithdhamhna" title="Frithdhamhna – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Frithdhamhna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="אנטי-חומר – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטי-חומר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="एंटीमैटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एंटीमैटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitvar" title="Antitvar – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antitvar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaty%C3%A8" title="Antimatyè – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Antimatyè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antianyag" title="Antianyag – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antianyag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9" title="Հականյութ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հականյութ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateri" title="Antimateri – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antimateri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andefni" title="Andefni – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Andefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="反物質 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反物質" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Антизат – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антизат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಪ್ರತಿದ್ರವ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರತಿದ್ರವ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88" title="반물질 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반물질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Антизат – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антизат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimed%C5%BEiaga" title="Antimedžiaga – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antimedžiaga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviela" title="Antiviela – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antiviela" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Антиматерија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антиматерија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രതിദ്രവ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രതിദ്രവ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антиматтер – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Антиматтер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3" title="प्रतिकण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रतिकण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antijirim" title="Antijirim – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antijirim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterie" title="Antimaterie – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antimaterie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterie" title="Antimaterie – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antimaterie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimat%C3%A8ria" title="Antimatèria – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antimatèria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farra_wanneetaa" title="Farra wanneetaa – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Farra wanneetaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5" title="ਉਲਟ-ਪਦਾਰਥ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਲਟ-ਪਦਾਰਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antymateria" title="Antymateria – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Antymateria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81" title="ضد مادہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضد مادہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimat%C3%A9ria" title="Antimatéria – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antimatéria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterie" title="Antimaterie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antimaterie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Антивещество – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антивещество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterija" title="Antimaterija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antimaterija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA" title="ප්‍රතිපදාර්ථය – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රතිපදාර්ථය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antimatter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihmota" title="Antihmota – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antihmota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="اینٹی میٹر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اینٹی میٹر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterija" title="Antimaterija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antimaterija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kund%C3%ABrl%C3%ABnda" title="Kundërlënda – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kundërlënda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Антиматерија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антиматерија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimat%C3%A9ri" title="Antimatéri – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Antimatéri" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antimateria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="எதிர்ப் பொருள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எதிர்ப் பொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Подмодда – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Подмодда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ปฏิสสาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิสสาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimaterya" title="Antimaterya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antimaterya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimadde" title="Antimadde – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antimadde" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B4%D3%99" title="Антиматдә – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Антиматдә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Антиматерія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антиматерія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81" title="ضد مادہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ضد مادہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimodda" title="Antimodda – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antimodda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Phản vật chất – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phản vật chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="反物质 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="反物质" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="反物质 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反物质" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A1n-bu%CC%8Dt-chit" title="Hoán-bu̍t-chit – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoán-bu̍t-chit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="反物質 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反物質" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83197#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Electron-positron-annihilation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Electron-positron-annihilation.png/260px-Electron-positron-annihilation.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Electron-positron-annihilation.png 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Annihilatie van een negatief geladen elektron (e<sup>−</sup>) en een positief geladen positron (e<sup>+</sup>) (links) waarbij een <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> ontstaat (γ, midden) die weer overgaat in een elektron en positron (rechts).</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgens de <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a> bestaat er van elk soort <a href="/wiki/Elementair_deeltje" title="Elementair deeltje">elementair deeltje</a> een <b>antideeltje</b>, waarvan een aantal fysische eigenschappen hetzelfde, maar andere eigenschappen (waaronder de <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading">elektrische lading</a>) precies tegengesteld zijn. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">Materie</a> die uit antideeltjes is opgebouwd, heet <b>antimaterie</b>. Als een deeltje met zijn antideeltje botst, <a href="/wiki/Annihilatie" title="Annihilatie">annihileren</a> ze elkaar en wordt hun massa omgezet in energie volgens de <a href="/wiki/Massa-energierelatie" title="Massa-energierelatie">massa-energierelatie</a> E = mc². </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:PositronDiscovery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/260px-PositronDiscovery.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/390px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/520px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2374" /></a><figcaption>De eerste waarneming van een <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a> door Carl Anderson in 1932. Horizontaal loopt een loodplaat met een dikte van 6 mm, die de nevelkamer in tweeën deelt. Het bovenste spoor dat begint bij de loodplaat is van het positron.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> kwam <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> als eerste met een wiskundige formulering voor het <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> in overeenstemming met de <a href="/wiki/Relativistische_kwantummechanica" title="Relativistische kwantummechanica">relativistische kwantummechanica</a> (een combinatie van de <a href="/wiki/Speciale_relativiteitstheorie" title="Speciale relativiteitstheorie">speciale relativiteitstheorie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica">kwantummechanica</a>). Zijn beschrijving voorspelde dat het antideeltje van het elektron ook zou moeten bestaan. In <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> werd het deeltje ontdekt door <a href="/wiki/Carl_Anderson_(natuurkundige)" title="Carl Anderson (natuurkundige)">Carl Anderson</a>. Die zag de sporen van een deeltje in een <a href="/wiki/Nevelvat" title="Nevelvat">nevelvat</a>, dat overeenkwam met een elektron, maar in een <a href="/wiki/Magneetveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Magneetveld">magneetveld</a> symmetrisch de andere kant opboog: het moest positief geladen zijn. Hij noemde dit antideeltje van het elektron <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschappen">Eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een antideeltje heeft dezelfde <a href="/wiki/Massa_(natuurkunde)" title="Massa (natuurkunde)">massa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Spin_(elementair_deeltje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (elementair deeltje)">spin</a> als het corresponderende deeltje. De overige eigenschappen (namelijk de <i>behouden</i> grootheden) zijn precies omgekeerd. Zo heeft het <i>anti-elektron</i> (ook <a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a> genoemd) net als het elektron massa 0,511 MeV en spin ½, maar in afwijking daarvan <a href="/wiki/Leptongetal" title="Leptongetal">leptongetal</a> −1 en elektrische lading +1. </p><p>De bekendste deeltjes vormen de volgende paren: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="3">Behouden grootheden </th> <th colspan="2">Overige </th></tr> <tr> <th>Deeltje </th> <th>Symbool </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading">Lading</a> Q </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Leptongetal" title="Leptongetal">Leptongetal</a> L </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Baryongetal" title="Baryongetal">Baryongetal</a> B </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Spin_(elementair_deeltje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (elementair deeltje)">Spin</a> J </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Massa_(natuurkunde)" title="Massa (natuurkunde)">Massa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt#De_elektronvolt_als_eenheid_van_massa" title="Elektronvolt">MeV/c²</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proton_(deeltje)" title="Proton (deeltje)">proton</a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4fa5f88a712eb9b03398066a0577fdcf33e02c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.646ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\,}"></span> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td rowspan="2">1/2 </td> <td rowspan="2">938,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">antiproton</a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {p}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {p}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fd2a1fb7c198692f2a97e365d507687fdc61bc1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.836ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {p}}\,}"></span> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>−1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="white">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/205e33e6845813cc72ca346b896a7945f90ca373" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.782ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\,}"></span> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td rowspan="2">1/2 </td> <td rowspan="2">939,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antineutron" title="Antineutron">antineutron</a> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {n}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {n}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ac2f5a3d0baca05802bd68756a8b74a37798f19b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.782ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {n}}\,}"></span> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>−1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="white">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> </td> <td align="center"><i>e<sup>−</sup></i> </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td rowspan="2">1/2 </td> <td rowspan="2">0,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Positron" title="Positron">positron</a> (anti-elektron) </td> <td align="center"><i>e<sup>+</sup></i> </td> <td>+1 </td> <td>−1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="white">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a>, gelijk aan antifoton </td> <td align="center"><i>γ</i> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>In deze tabel zijn de massa's uitgedrukt in mega-elektronvolt (<a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a>), de ladingen in de <a href="/wiki/Elementaire_lading" title="Elementaire lading">elementaire lading</a> <i>e</i>, en de spin in het <a href="/wiki/Constante_van_Planck" title="Constante van Planck">elementaire impulsmoment</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \hbar }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \hbar }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de68de3a92517953436c93b5a76461d49160cc41" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.306ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \hbar }"></span>. Er bestaan nog meer behouden grootheden naast de hier genoemde <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading">elektrische lading</a> (Q), <a href="/wiki/Leptongetal" title="Leptongetal">leptongetal</a> (L) en <a href="/wiki/Baryongetal" title="Baryongetal">baryongetal</a> (B): </p> <ul><li>Charm (C) (is +1 voor onder meer het <i>c</i>-quark)</li> <li>Strangeness (S) (is −1 voor onder meer het <i>s</i>-quark)</li> <li>Top (is +1 voor onder meer het <i>t</i>-quark)</li> <li>Bottom (is −1 voor onder meer het <i>b</i>-quark).</li></ul> <p>Als een deeltje instabiel is, is zijn antideeltje dat ook, met dezelfde <a href="/wiki/Gemiddelde_levensduur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemiddelde levensduur">gemiddelde levensduur</a>. De vervalproducten van het antideeltje zijn dan de antideeltjes van de vervalproducten van het deeltje. </p><p>Bovenstaande voorbeelden zijn <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermionen</a>, waaruit de materie is opgebouwd. Bij <a href="/wiki/Boson_(deeltje)" title="Boson (deeltje)">bosonen</a> ligt het anders: dit zijn wisselwerkingsdeeltjes die niet tot de materie of antimaterie behoren. Zo zijn het positieve <a href="/wiki/Pion_(natuurkunde)" title="Pion (natuurkunde)">pion</a> π<sup>+</sup> en het negatieve π<sup>−</sup> elkaars antideeltje, maar ze komen onder dezelfde omstandigheden voor en er is geen enkele reden om het ene een deeltje en het andere een antideeltje te noemen. Het neutrale pion π<sup>0</sup>, het <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> en vele andere neutrale bosonen zijn hun eigen antideeltje; ook daar heeft de term antimaterie weinig of geen betekenis. </p><p>Antimaterie komt onder normale omstandigheden op aarde voor. Het wordt gemaakt in het laboratorium of een deeltjesversneller, of het ontstaat bij kernreacties. Bij een <a href="/wiki/PET-scan" class="mw-redirect" title="PET-scan">PET-scan</a> wordt gebruikgemaakt van <a href="/wiki/Radioactiviteit" title="Radioactiviteit">radioactieve</a> stoffen die een positron (anti-elektron) uitzenden ten gevolge van een kernreactie. Meestal maakt men één soort antideeltjes, maar in 2002 is het <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> gelukt antiprotonen en positronen te combineren tot anti<a href="/wiki/Waterstof_(element)" title="Waterstof (element)">waterstofatomen</a> en hun eigenschappen te bestuderen. Ze bleken zich net zoals gewone waterstof te gedragen. Eind 2010 slaagde men erin 38 antiwaterstofatomen te creëren en in te sluiten gedurende een tiende seconde.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 6 juni 2011 werd door het CERN een nieuw record gevestigd: het slaagde erin gedurende ruim 15 minuten een 300-tal antiwaterstofdeeltjes vast te houden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annihilatie">Annihilatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Annihilatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Annihilatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als een deeltje en het bijbehorende antideeltje elkaar tegenkomen, kan <a href="/wiki/Annihilatie" title="Annihilatie">annihilatie</a> optreden, een proces waarbij beide deeltjes vernietigd worden en waarbij veel energie vrijkomt, volgens <a href="/wiki/E%3Dmc%C2%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="E=mc²">E=mc²</a>. </p><p>In sommige gevallen resteert alleen de inwendige <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> van de deeltjes, die manifest was als hun <a href="/wiki/Massa_(natuurkunde)" title="Massa (natuurkunde)">massa</a> (men zegt wel dat de volledige massa in energie wordt omgezet). Die energie ontsnapt dan in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetische_straling" title="Elektromagnetische straling">elektromagnetische straling</a>. Zo vervalt een <a href="/wiki/Positronannihilatie" title="Positronannihilatie">elektron-positronpaar</a> in twee <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotonen</a>. Een gram materie met een gram antimaterie levert bij volledige annihilatie 1,8 × 10<sup>14</sup> <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a> energie op, 43 kiloton TNT, of de verbrandingsenergie van ongeveer 30.000 vaten ruwe olie. </p><p>In andere gevallen levert de annihilatie allerlei deeltjes op, zoals <a href="/wiki/Pion_(natuurkunde)" title="Pion (natuurkunde)">pionen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a>'s, waarvan een deel zelf na korte tijd weer vervalt. Bij de annihilatie van een proton-antiprotonpaar dat elkaar met lage snelheid raakt, is het resultaat in 20% van de gevallen: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p{\bar {p}}\rightarrow 2\pi ^{+}+2\pi ^{-}+\pi ^{0}\rightarrow 2\mu ^{+}+2\mu ^{-}+2\nu _{\mu }+2{\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }+2\gamma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>γ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p{\bar {p}}\rightarrow 2\pi ^{+}+2\pi ^{-}+\pi ^{0}\rightarrow 2\mu ^{+}+2\mu ^{-}+2\nu _{\mu }+2{\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }+2\gamma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f69ea735bc8a2b71971c1b0e8589b640786a9680" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:55.103ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p{\bar {p}}\rightarrow 2\pi ^{+}+2\pi ^{-}+\pi ^{0}\rightarrow 2\mu ^{+}+2\mu ^{-}+2\nu _{\mu }+2{\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }+2\gamma }"></span></dd></dl> <p>De annihilatieproducten zijn in dit geval pionen (π), die op hun beurt na korte tijd uiteenvallen in (anti)<a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">muonen</a> (μ), (anti)<a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a>'s (ν) en <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotonen</a> (γ). De muonen vallen daarna ook weer snel uiteen. </p><p>Omgekeerd kan, als er voldoende energie op een plaats beschikbaar is, deze gebruikt worden om een deeltje-antideeltjepaar te vormen. Ook ontstaan dit soort paren kortstondig door energie<a href="/wiki/Kwantumfluctuatie" title="Kwantumfluctuatie">fluctuaties</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antimaterie_in_het_heelal">Antimaterie in het heelal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Antimaterie in het heelal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Antimaterie in het heelal"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In het door de mens bestudeerde deel van het <a href="/wiki/Heelal" title="Heelal">heelal</a> bevindt zich bijna alleen gewone materie. Dat is opmerkelijk gezien het bovenstaande: uit het "niets" zouden materie en antimaterie in gelijke hoeveelheden ontstaan. Er zijn verschillende hypothesen over de oorzaak. </p> <ul><li>Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Oerknal" title="Oerknal">oerknal</a> werd <i>ongeveer</i> evenveel materie als antimaterie gevormd. Er was echter iets meer materie dan antimaterie en na een grootschalig annihilatieproces bleef er alleen wat materie over. Dat is de reden dat het tegenwoordige heelal vrijwel geheel uit materie bestaat en dat er zo veel straling in het heelal is (straling afkomstig van de annihilaties).</li> <li>Een andere hypothese is dat een groot, ver verwijderd (en nog niet waargenomen) deel van het heelal volledig opgebouwd is uit antimaterie. Bij het ontstaan zou alle materie in één deel en de antimaterie in een ander deel terecht zijn gekomen. Hierbij moet worden opgemerkt dat wij hemellichamen voornamelijk waarnemen door de uitgezonden <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotonen</a>, en een foton is gelijk aan zijn antideeltje (een foton is hetzelfde als een antifoton) zodat er geen verschil te zien is.</li></ul> <p>In april <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> werd ontdekt dat in het centrum van de <a href="/wiki/Melkweg_(sterrenstelsel)" title="Melkweg (sterrenstelsel)">melkweg</a> positronen werden gevormd. De <a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton Gamma Ray Observatory</a> van <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> ontdekte wolken van positronen. </p><p>In juli <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> werd door een team van onderzoekers van de <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> ontdekt dat er bij gigantische explosies op de zon, de zogeheten <a href="/wiki/Zonnevlam" title="Zonnevlam">zonnevlammen</a>, antimaterie wordt gevormd. De onderzoekers maakten gebruik van NASA's Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) om de hoogenergetische <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntgenstraling" title="Röntgenstraling">röntgen</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Gammastraling" title="Gammastraling">gammastralen</a> te bestuderen. </p><p>In 2011 werd, met de laatste vlucht van <a href="/wiki/Spaceshuttleprogramma" title="Spaceshuttleprogramma">spaceshuttle</a> <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(ruimteveer)" title="Endeavour (ruimteveer)"><i>Endeavour</i></a>, de <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer</a> naar het <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_ruimtestation_ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationaal ruimtestation ISS"><i>ISS</i></a> getransporteerd. Die zal daar tien jaar onderzoek doen naar antimaterie en <a href="/wiki/Donkere_materie" title="Donkere materie">donkere materie</a>. </p><p>Op enkele honderden kilometers hoogte wordt de Aarde omgeven door een gordel waarin relatief veel antiprotonen voorkomen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deze worden door het <a href="/wiki/Aardmagnetisch_veld" title="Aardmagnetisch veld">aardmagnetisch veld</a> ingevangen en blijven bestaan omdat op deze hoogte weinig normale materie aanwezig is, zodat annihilatie uitblijft. Met name in de <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Atlantische_Anomalie" title="Zuid-Atlantische Anomalie">Zuid-Atlantische Anomalie</a>, worden hoge concentraties gemeten die niet door normaal verval verklaard kunnen worden. Tot deze conclusie kwam een internationaal team van natuurkundigen in <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> op basis van metingen van het PAMELA-experiment (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics). Dit is een Europees satellietexperiment dat vijf jaar geleden werd gelanceerd. Men speculeert dat deze antimaterie in de toekomst gebruikt zou kunnen worden in een antimaterie-aandrijving.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Trivia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Trivia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In het boek <i><a href="/wiki/Het_Bernini_Mysterie" title="Het Bernini Mysterie">Het Bernini Mysterie</a></i> van <a href="/wiki/Dan_Brown" title="Dan Brown">Dan Brown</a> slagen vader en dochter Vetra erin antimaterie te produceren en op te slaan in een speciaal ontwikkelde cilinder. Deze cilinder wordt gestolen en in <a href="/wiki/Vaticaanstad" title="Vaticaanstad">Vaticaanstad</a> geplaatst als een <a href="/wiki/Bom_(wapen)" title="Bom (wapen)">bom</a>. Het laboratorium <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> heeft een speciale webpagina<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> geopend om uit te leggen dat dat niet kan.</li> <li>In diverse sciencefictionfranchisen zoals <i>Star Trek </i>wordt antimaterie gebruikt als de ultieme brandstof voor ruimteschepen. Doordat met een beperkte massa een enorme hoeveelheid energie gevormd wordt, zou dit opslagproblemen kunnen oplossen. Er zijn geen concrete plannen bij ruimtevaartorganisaties om dit in realiteit toe te passen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimaterie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-alfadeeltje" title="Anti-alfadeeltje">Anti-alfadeeltje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standaardmodel_van_de_deeltjesfysica" title="Standaardmodel van de deeltjesfysica">Standaardmodel van de deeltjesfysica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeltjesfysica" title="Deeltjesfysica">Deeltjesfysica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subatomair_deeltje" title="Subatomair deeltje">Subatomair deeltje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementair_deeltje" title="Elementair deeltje">Elementair deeltje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massa-energierelatie" title="Massa-energierelatie">Massa-energierelatie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101118220938/http://press.web.cern.ch/press/PressReleases/Releases2010/PR22.10E.html">Antimatter atoms produced and trapped at CERN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4882">The discovery of geomagnetically trapped cosmic ray antiprotons, The Astrophysical Journal, arXiv.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/studies/final_report/1071Bickford.pdf">Extraction of antiparticles concentrated in planetary magnetic fields, NIAC, 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403085132/http://press.web.cern.ch/public/en/Spotlight/SpotlightAandD-en.html">CERN pagina Bernini mysterie (en)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://memory-alpha.wikia.com/wiki/Antimatter">http://memory-alpha.wikia.com/wiki/Antimatter</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Antimatter#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Antimatter">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; 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