CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Joffre-class aircraft carrier - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ff5b77ea-0ed7-404b-a827-abb33e4082ea","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier","wgTitle":"Joffre-class aircraft carrier","wgCurRevisionId":1245728306,"wgRevisionId":1245728306,"wgArticleId":7246330,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Aircraft carrier classes","Joffre-class aircraft carriers","Proposed aircraft carriers","Cancelled aircraft carriers","Ship classes of the French Navy"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier","wgRelevantArticleId":7246330,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2659477","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Joffre-class aircraft carrier - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier rootpage-Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Joffre-class+aircraft+carrier" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joffre-class+aircraft+carrier" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Joffre-class+aircraft+carrier" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joffre-class+aircraft+carrier" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aviation_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Aviation facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armament,_fire_control_and_armor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armament,_fire_control_and_armor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Armament, fire control and armor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament,_fire_control_and_armor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Joffre</i>-class aircraft carrier</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_Joffre" title="Třída Joffre – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třída Joffre" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joffre-Klasse" title="Joffre-Klasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joffre-Klasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Joffre" title="Classe Joffre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe Joffre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E7%B4%9A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%89%A6" title="ジョッフル級航空母艦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョッフル級航空母艦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotniskowce_typu_Joffre" title="Lotniskowce typu Joffre – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lotniskowce typu Joffre" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Joffre" title="Classe Joffre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Classe Joffre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%84%D1%80%C2%BB" title="Авианосцы типа «Жоффр» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авианосцы типа «Жоффр»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joffre-luokka" title="Joffre-luokka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joffre-luokka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%84%D1%80%C2%BB" title="Авіаносці типу «Жоффр» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авіаносці типу «Жоффр»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joffre_(l%E1%BB%9Bp_t%C3%A0u_s%C3%A2n_bay)" title="Joffre (lớp tàu sân bay) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Joffre (lớp tàu sân bay)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%9E%E9%A3%9B%E7%B4%9A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AF%8D%E8%89%A6" title="霞飛級航空母艦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霞飛級航空母艦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2659477#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&oldid=1245728306" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&id=1245728306&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoffre-class_aircraft_carrier"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoffre-class_aircraft_carrier"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2659477" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Planned class of French aircraft carriers</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joffre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Joffre.svg/300px-Joffre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Joffre.svg/450px-Joffre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Joffre.svg/600px-Joffre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="157" /></a></span><div><i>Joffre</i>-class fleet carrier</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Joffre</i> class</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builders</td><td><a href="/wiki/Ateliers_et_Chantiers_de_Saint-Nazaire_Penho%C3%ABt" title="Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët">Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/46px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Preceded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_B%C3%A9arn" title="French aircraft carrier Béarn"><i>Béarn</i></a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Clemenceau-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier"><i>Clemenceau</i> class</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>1938–1940</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Planned</td><td>2</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Cancelled</td><td>2</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carrier</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">18,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (17,716 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Standard_displacement#Standard_displacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard displacement">standard</a>)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">20,000 t (19,684 long tons) (<a href="/wiki/Deep_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep load">deep load</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>236 m (774 ft 3 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>24.6 m (80 ft 9 in) (<a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>6.6 m (21 ft 8 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">8 <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">120,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (89,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>2 shafts; 2 geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>33.5 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (62.0 km/h; 38.6 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>7,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>1,250</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × twin <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_130_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1932_and_1935" title="Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1932 and 1935">130 mm (5.1 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/DP_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="DP gun">DP guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × twin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_37_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1935&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 37 mm Modèle 1935 (page does not exist)">37 mm (1.5 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/AA_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="AA gun">AA guns</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">7 × quadruple <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1929_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun">13.2 mm (0.5 in)</a> AA <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">Waterline belt</a>: 105 mm (4.1 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a>: 30–70 mm (1.2–2.8 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Gun turrets</a>: 20 mm (0.8 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">Barbettes</a>: 20 mm (0.8 in)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aircraft carried</td><td>40</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Joffre</i> class</b> consisted of a pair of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a> ordered by the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>) prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Navy had <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> an experimental carrier in 1927, but it was slow and obsolete by the mid-1930s. Support for naval aviation in the navy was weak during this time as it had lost control of its aircraft, its training and their development to the new Air Ministry when it formed in 1928 and did not regain full control until 1936. Traditionalists among the naval leadership had begun a <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> building program in the early 1930s to counter German ships that were suitable for <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">commerce raiding</a> and carriers were deemed useful to hunt them down, especially once the Germans began building a carrier of their own in 1936. </p><p>One ship was <a href="/wiki/Laid_down" class="mw-redirect" title="Laid down">laid down</a> in 1938, but was not <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">launched</a> before all work was cancelled after the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_22_June_1940" title="Armistice of 22 June 1940">Armistice of 22 June 1940</a>. The incomplete hull of <i>Joffre</i> was subsequently <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">scrapped</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> ordered the conversion of the incomplete <a href="/wiki/Normandie-class_battleship" title="Normandie-class battleship"><i>Normandie</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_B%C3%A9arn" title="French aircraft carrier Béarn"><i>Béarn</i></a> into an aircraft carrier in 1922 to gain experience with carrier aviation. The following year the Naval General Staff requested another carrier similar to <i>Béarn</i>, but this was rejected as too expensive and plans were made for a cheaper aircraft transport that eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Seaplane_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaplane carrier">seaplane carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/French_seaplane_carrier_Commandant_Teste" title="French seaplane carrier Commandant Teste"><i>Commandant Teste</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1928 formation of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ministère de l'Air</i></span> (Air Ministry) cost the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> control of naval aviation as the new ministry centralized all aspects of military aviation, including aircraft development, training, bases and coastal aircraft. With the Navy only controlling the aircraft aboard its ships, the development of naval aviation stagnated as it was generally ignored by the ministry and no new carrier aircraft were developed in 1928–1932. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> was able to gradually reduce the ministry's control between 1931 and 1934 until it regained full control in August 1936. By this time the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> had embarked on a building program for 29–32-<a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knot</a> (54–59 km/h; 33–37 mph) <a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">fast battleships</a> to counter possible German <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raider" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce raider">commerce raiders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> that the 21-knot (39 km/h; 24 mph) <i>Béarn</i> was simply too slow to support. The Navy believed that carrier operations within range of hostile land-based aircraft were not viable given the limited size of their air groups and the commerce protection mission was ideal for its carriers. Design studies for a carrier able to operate with the new ships began in 1934, but two ships were not authorized until 1937, possibly in response to the laying down of the carrier <a href="/wiki/German_aircraft_carrier_Graf_Zeppelin" title="German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin"><i>Graf Zeppelin</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Joffre</i>-class carriers were 228 meters (748 ft) <a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">long between perpendiculars</a> and 236 meters (774 ft 3 in) long overall. They had a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 24.6 meters (80 ft 9 in) at the <a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a> and 34.5 meters (113 ft 2 in) at the <a href="/wiki/Flight_deck" title="Flight deck">flight deck</a>. The ships displaced 18,000 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a> (17,716 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard load</a> and 20,000 t (19,684 long tons) at <a href="/wiki/Full_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Full load">full load</a>, which gave them a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draft</a> of 6.6 meters (21 ft 8 in).<sup id="cite_ref-r1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their crew numbered 70 officers and 1,180 sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> based the propulsion machinery of the <i>Joffre</i>s on that used in the <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_De_Grasse" title="French cruiser De Grasse"><i>De Grasse</i></a>, albeit with eight Indret <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a> rather than four. The ships were fitted with two <a href="/wiki/Parsons_Marine_Steam_Turbine_Company" title="Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company">Parsons</a> geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a>, each driving one <a href="/wiki/Propeller_shaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller shaft">propeller shaft</a> using steam provided by the boilers at a working pressure of 35 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram-force" title="Kilogram-force">kg/cm<sup>2</sup></a> (3,432 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>; 498 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">psi</a>) and a temperature of 385 °C (725 °F). The turbines were rated at a total of 120,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shaft horsepower</a> (89,484 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 121,664 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a>) and were designed to give a speed of 33.5 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (62.0 km/h; 38.6 mph). The carriers retained the <a href="/wiki/Unit_system_of_machinery" title="Unit system of machinery">unit system of machinery</a> with each <a href="/wiki/Fire_room" title="Fire room">boiler room</a> supplying steam to the <a href="/wiki/Engine_room" title="Engine room">engine room</a> aft of it so that one hit could not completely immobilize the ships. The boiler uptakes were trunked into a single <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">funnel</a> integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(A-L)#island" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)">island</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Starboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Starboard">starboard</a> side of the <a href="/wiki/Flight_deck" title="Flight deck">flight deck</a>. The ships were designed to carry enough <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a> to give them a range of 7,000 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation_facilities">Aviation facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aviation facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ships' 201-meter-long (659 ft 5 in) flight deck was offset to the left from the <a href="/wiki/Centerline_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerline (nautical)">centerline</a>. This helped to compensate for the weight of the very large island and allowed it to have a continuous width of 27 meters (88 ft 7 in). The deck itself was 16 millimeters (0.63 in) in thickness. The carriers were intended to be fitted with an aircraft-handling <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">crane</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a>, below the flight deck that were strong enough to lift a <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplane</a> aboard. They had a fuel capacity of approximately 270,000 litres (59,000 imp gal; 71,000 US gal) of <a href="/wiki/Aviation_gasoline" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation gasoline">aviation gasoline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> optimized the design of the <i>Joffre</i> class for "double-ended" operations, where aircraft could land and take off over both the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> and stern, so that battle damage to the flight deck would not necessarily end flight operations. Like <i>Béarn</i>, the <i>Joffre</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s had their <a href="/wiki/Arresting_gear" title="Arresting gear">arresting gear</a> <a href="/wiki/Amidships" class="mw-redirect" title="Amidships">amidships</a>, abreast the island, although the number of wires was increased to nine. While the amidships position minimized the ships' <a href="/wiki/Ship_motions" title="Ship motions">pitching</a> in high seas, the air turbulence generated by the island was at its worst amidships. Based on trials aboard <i>Béarn</i> in 1935, collapsible landing signals were positioned on the centerline of the flight deck amid the arresting wires, facing in both directions. The flight deck was not provided with any <a href="/wiki/Safety_barrier" title="Safety barrier">crash barriers</a>, so the American practice of keeping aircraft on the deck during landing operations was not possible.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two hydraulically powered <a href="/wiki/Elevator#Aircraft_elevators" title="Elevator">elevators</a> that transferred aircraft between the flight deck and the upper <a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">hangar</a> were positioned at the ends of the flight deck, allowing aircraft landing amidships to taxi forward to the elevators and rapidly clear the flight deck. Both elevators were configured to be used by aircraft with their wings still spread, eliminating the requirement to fold the wings before using the elevators that slowed down <i>Béarn</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s flight operations. The forward elevator was roughly T-shaped and measured 13 m (42 ft 8 in) long and 17 m (55 ft 9 in) wide; the large elevator well so close to the bow weakened the ships' structure so the designers minimized the size of the well in the hangar deck by only seating the central 6 m (19 ft 8 in) section in the deck while the outer areas of the elevator rested on top of the deck, requiring a small ramp to move on or off the elevator. The rear elevator was outside the hangar and only its forward end reached the flight deck. Although it only measured 12.5 by 6 m (41 ft 0 in by 19 ft 8 in), its position allowed it to strike down aircraft regardless of size.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The carriers were designed with two hangar decks, the upper of which measured 158.5 by 20.8 m (520 ft 0 in by 68 ft 3 in) with a height of 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in). A space 20 m (65 ft 7 in) long below the flight deck and between the upper hangar and the rear elevator allowed aircraft to warm up their engines before moving to the flight deck. A single <a href="/wiki/Fire_curtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire curtain">fire curtain</a> amidships could be used to divide the hangar. It was the only one that could be used for aircraft operations as the lower hangars were dedicated to workshops and aircraft assembly and storage facilities. The rear lower hangar was 79 by 14.9 m (259 ft 2 in by 48 ft 11 in) in size and had a height of 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in). A 13 by 7 m (42 ft 8 in by 23 ft 0 in) elevator at the forward end of this hangar allowed aircraft to be transferred between the hangars. This elevator was offset to <a href="/wiki/Port_and_starboard" title="Port and starboard">starboard</a> to allow for a passageway to the lower hangar annex that measured 42 by 6.6 m (137 ft 10 in by 21 ft 8 in). This annex, presumably dedicated to spare parts, was offset to port to make room for the boiler uptakes and ventilation ducting of the forward engine and fire rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on their decade of experience with <i>Béarn</i> and frequent exercises with the British <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> during the 1930s, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9ronavale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéronavale">Aéronavale</a></i></span> (French Naval Aviation) believed that air operations would be continuous, with small numbers of aircraft taking off or landing. This required multi-role aircraft, able to switch between missions as the tactical situation dictated. The <i>Joffre</i>-class carriers were designed with an air group of 40 aircraft, 15 single-engined <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighters</a> and 25 twin-engined aircraft capable of long-range reconnaissance, bombing and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> attacks. In 1939 the Navy ordered 120 Dewoitine D.790 fighters, a navalized variant of the <a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.520" title="Dewoitine D.520">Dewoitine D.520</a>, although no aircraft was completed before the Armistice cancelled further work. It issued the A47 specification in 1937 for attack aircraft to equip the carriers and ordered two prototypes each of the <a href="/wiki/SNCAO_CAO.600" title="SNCAO CAO.600">SNCAO CAO.600</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.750" title="Dewoitine D.750">Dewoitine D.750</a> in 1939. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Aéronavale</i></span> issued the updated A80 specification that same year for a faster aircraft and selected the Bréguet Bre.810, a navalized version of the <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_Bre.693" class="mw-redirect" title="Bréguet Bre.693">Bréguet Bre.693</a>, but the prototype was not completed before the Armistice.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament,_fire_control_and_armor"><span id="Armament.2C_fire_control_and_armor"></span>Armament, fire control and armor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Armament, fire control and armor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The carriers' primary armament consisted of eight 45-<a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a> <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_130_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1932_and_1935" title="Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1932 and 1935">Canon de 130 mm (5.1 in) Mle 1932</a> <a href="/wiki/Dual-purpose_gun" title="Dual-purpose gun">dual-purpose guns</a> in four twin-<a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turrets</a> positioned fore and aft of the island in <a href="/wiki/Superfiring" title="Superfiring">superfiring</a> pairs.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The guns fired a 32.11-kilogram (70.8 lb) <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing shell">armor-piercing shell</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of 800 m/s (2,600 ft/s). This gave them a range of 20,870 meters (22,820 yd) at an <a href="/wiki/Elevation_(ballistics)" title="Elevation (ballistics)">elevation</a> of +45°. Their mounts had a maximum elevation of +75° and the guns had a <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> of about 10 <a href="/wiki/Rounds_per_minute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rounds per minute">rounds per minute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Light anti-aircraft defense was provided by eight 48-caliber <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_37_mm_Mod%C3%A8le_1935&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canon de 37 mm Modèle 1935 (page does not exist)">Canon de 37 mm (1.5 in) Mle 1935</a> guns in four twin-gun ACAD mounts on the island, and twenty-eight <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_et_Cie" title="Hotchkiss et Cie">Hotchkiss</a> <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1929_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun">Mitrailleuse de 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Mle 1929 machine guns</a> in seven quadruple mounts. There were two mounts on the <a href="/wiki/Forecastle" title="Forecastle">forecastle</a>, two on the stern and a pair on the island. The remaining mount was on the port side underneath the flight deck overhang. The 37 mm guns were fully <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">automatic</a> and had a theoretical rate of fire of 165 rounds per minute. They had a range of 8,000 meters (8,700 yd) with their 0.831-kilogram (1.83 lb) shells which were fired at a muzzle velocity of 825 m/s (2,710 ft/s). Their mounts had an elevation range of -10° to +85°. The 13.2 mm machine guns had an effective range of 2,500 m (8,200 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 130 mm guns were controlled by a pair of superimposed <a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">directors</a> on the top of a short tower on the roof of the island. The upper director was equipped with a 5-meter (16 ft 5 in) <a href="/wiki/Rangefinder" title="Rangefinder">rangefinder</a> for anti-aircraft defense and the lower with a 6-meter (19 ft 8 in) one for surface engagements. Each of the upper 130 mm turrets was fitted with a rotating 5-meter rangefinder as a backup to the directors. A director equipped with a 2-meter (6 ft 7 in) rangefinder remotely controlled each ACAD mount. The two forward directors were superimposed on the roof of the island while the two after directors were side-by-side aft of the director tower.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Waterline" title="Waterline">waterline</a> <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">armor belt</a> of the <i>Joffre</i>-class ships covered the middle 120 meters (393 ft 8 in) of the hull, from the forward <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)#Naval_magazines" title="Magazine (artillery)">magazines</a> to the aft aviation gasoline tank. It was 105 millimeters (4.1 in) thick and had a height of about 3.7 meters (12 ft 2 in) from the main deck to 1.45 meters (4 ft 9 in) below the waterline. It formed an <a href="/wiki/Armored_citadel" title="Armored citadel">armored citadel</a> with 70-millimeter (2.8 in) transverse <a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(partition)" title="Bulkhead (partition)">bulkheads</a> at its ends. The armored deck was 70 mm thick over the magazines and gasoline tanks, but reduced to 30 millimeters (1.2 in) amidships over the machinery compartments. The 6.6-meter-deep (21 ft 8 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_belt" title="Torpedo belt">torpedo belt</a> ranged in thickness from 35 to 55 millimeters (1.4 to 2.2 in) abreast the propulsion machinery spaces, but thinned to 26 millimeters (1 in) abreast the magazines. The steering compartment was fitted with 26-millimeter armor plates. The 130 mm directors, turrets, their hoists, and their upper handling rooms were protected by 20 millimeters (0.8 in) of armor, as were the command spaces in the island. For protection against fire, the aviation gasoline tanks were surrounded by either empty compartments with fire-resistant insulation or inert gases on all sides.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships">Ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> less than a year after <i>Joffre</i> was <a href="/wiki/Laid_down" class="mw-redirect" title="Laid down">laid down</a> led to a slow down of construction as resources were diverted to higher-priority tasks and the ultimate cessation of work that came in June 1940 when the country capitulated after the German invasion when the ship was approximately 20% complete. Work on <i>Joffre</i> was not continued by the Germans and the hull was scrapped. The second planned vessel of the class, <i>Painlevé</i>, was never laid down because it was supposed to succeed <i>Joffre</i> on <a href="/wiki/Slipway" title="Slipway">Slipway</a> No. 1. A third ship was intended to be authorized in 1940 to replace <i>Béarn</i>, but the order was never placed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Marine Nationale</i></span> demonstrated no sense of urgency in building <i>Joffre</i> as the bulk of the naval leadership felt completing the two <a href="/wiki/Richelieu-class_battleship" title="Richelieu-class battleship"><i>Richelieu</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a> to match the modern German and Italian battleships was more important. This was further demonstrated when the first ship of the <a href="/wiki/Alsace-class_battleship" title="Alsace-class battleship"><i>Alsace</i>-class</a> battleships was authorized on 1 April 1940 and replaced <i>Painlevé</i> in the queue for Slipway No. 1. This belief was not unreasonable as the Germans had suspended work on <i>Graf Zeppelin</i> and the British had an ample number of carriers that could perform the trade protection mission in the North Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Construction data </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col”">Name </th> <th scope="col”">Namesake<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col”">Builder<sup id="cite_ref-r1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col”">Laid down<sup id="cite_ref-r1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col”"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">Launched</a><sup id="cite_ref-r1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col”">Fate<sup id="cite_ref-r1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row”"><i>Joffre</i> </td> <td scope="row”"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joffre" title="Joseph Joffre">Joseph Joffre</a> </td> <td scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ateliers_et_Chantiers_de_Saint-Nazaire_Penho%C3%ABt" title="Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët">Ateliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire</a> </td> <td scope="row”">26 November 1938 </td> <td scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">N/A </td> <td scope="row”">Construction abandoned, June 1940, subsequently <a href="/wiki/Ship_breaking" title="Ship breaking">scrapped</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row”"><i>Painlevé</i> </td> <td scope="row”"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Paul Painlevé</a> </td> <td scope="row”">N/A </td> <td scope="row”">N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2003, pp. 26–29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 60–61, 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, p. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 64, 70; Jordan & Moulin, p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 62–63, 67, 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 62–63, 66–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 63, 66–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 67–68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 60, 72–73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chesneau, pp. 66–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 308; Jordan & Moulin, pp. 116, 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 64, 69–70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 65, 70–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordan 2010, pp. 75–76; Jordan & Dumas, p. 180</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silverstone, pp. 103, 107</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1985" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, John (1985). <i>Naval Weapons of World War Two</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-459-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-459-4"><bdi>0-87021-459-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Weapons+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-87021-459-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesneau1984" class="citation book cs1">Chesneau, Roger (1984). <i>Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present: An Illustrated Encyclopedia</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-902-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-902-2"><bdi>0-87021-902-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Carriers+of+the+World%2C+1914+to+the+Present%3A+An+Illustrated+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-87021-902-2&rft.aulast=Chesneau&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2003" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, John (2003). "The Aircraft Transport <i>Commandante Teste</i>". In <a href="/wiki/Antony_Preston" title="Antony Preston">Preston, Antony</a> (ed.). <i>Warship 2002–2003</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">26–</span>36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-926-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-926-3"><bdi>0-85177-926-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Aircraft+Transport+Commandante+Teste&rft.btitle=Warship+2002%E2%80%932003&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E26-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-85177-926-3&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2010" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, John (2010). "PA16 <i>Joffre</i>: France's Carrier Project of 1938". In Jordan, John (ed.). <i>Warship 2010</i>. London: Conway. pp. <span class="nowrap">60–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-110-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-110-1"><bdi>978-1-84486-110-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=PA16+Joffre%3A+France%27s+Carrier+Project+of+1938&rft.btitle=Warship+2010&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.pub=Conway&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84486-110-1&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordanDumas2009" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, John & Dumas, Robert (2009). <i>French Battleships 1922–1956</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-034-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-034-5"><bdi>978-1-84832-034-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Battleships+1922%E2%80%931956&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-034-5&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Dumas%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordanMoulin2013" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2013). <i>French Cruisers 1922–1956</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-133-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-133-5"><bdi>978-1-84832-133-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Cruisers+1922%E2%80%931956&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-133-5&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Moulin%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1980" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, John (1980). "France". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">255–</span>279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-0303-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8317-0303-2"><bdi>0-8317-0303-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=France&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E255-%3C%2Fspan%3E279&rft.pub=Mayflower+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8317-0303-2&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstone1984" class="citation book cs1">Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). <i>Directory of the World's Capital Ships</i>. New York: Hippocrene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0"><bdi>0-88254-979-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directory+of+the+World%27s+Capital+Ships&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-88254-979-0&rft.aulast=Silverstone&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoulin2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moulin, Jean (2020). <i>Tous les porte-aéronefs en France: de 1912 à nos jours</i> [<i>All the Aircraft Carriers of France: From 1912 to Today</i>]. Collection Navires et Histoire des Marines du Mond; 35 (in French). Le Vigen, France: Lela Presse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-37468-035-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-37468-035-4"><bdi>978-2-37468-035-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tous+les+porte-a%C3%A9ronefs+en+France%3A+de+1912+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.place=Le+Vigen%2C+France&rft.series=Collection+Navires+et+Histoire+des+Marines+du+Mond%3B+35&rft.pub=Lela+Presse&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-2-37468-035-4&rft.aulast=Moulin&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoffre-class+aircraft+carrier" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i45.servimg.com/u/f45/10/05/45/10/joffre63.jpg">3D renderings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4c5soNnSsrk/ToMf02IVn2I/AAAAAAAAANo/cjt0XOFBpOE/s1600/Joffre1940_20110928.jpg">3D renderings</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Joffre-class_aircraft_carriers302" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joffre_class_aircraft_carrier" title="Template:Joffre class aircraft carrier"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joffre_class_aircraft_carrier" title="Template talk:Joffre class aircraft carrier"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joffre_class_aircraft_carrier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joffre class aircraft carrier"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Joffre-class_aircraft_carriers302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Joffre</i>-class aircraft carriers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Joffre</i></li> <li><i>Painlevé</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II5018" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_French_ships" title="Template:WWII French ships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_French_ships" title="Template talk:WWII French ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_French_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII French ships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II5018" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">French naval ship classes of World War II</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_aircraft_carrier_B%C3%A9arn" title="French aircraft carrier Béarn"><i>Béarn</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Joffre</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Biter_(D97)" title="HMS Biter (D97)"><i>Dixmude</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courbet-class_battleship" title="Courbet-class battleship"><i>Courbet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretagne-class_battleship" title="Bretagne-class battleship"><i>Bretagne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkerque-class_battleship" title="Dunkerque-class battleship"><i>Dunkerque</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richelieu-class_battleship" title="Richelieu-class battleship"><i>Richelieu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsace-class_battleship" title="Alsace-class battleship"><i>Alsace</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duquesne-class_cruiser" title="Duquesne-class cruiser"><i>Duquesne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffren-class_cruiser" title="Suffren-class cruiser"><i>Suffren</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Alg%C3%A9rie" title="French cruiser Algérie"><i>Algérie</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis-class_cruiser" title="Saint-Louis-class cruiser"><i>Saint-Louis</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duguay-Trouin-class_cruiser" title="Duguay-Trouin-class cruiser"><i>Duguay-Trouin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Jeanne_d%27Arc_(1930)" title="French cruiser Jeanne d'Arc (1930)"><i>Jeanne d'Arc</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_%C3%89mile_Bertin" title="French cruiser Émile Bertin"><i>Émile Bertin</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Galissonni%C3%A8re-class_cruiser" title="La Galissonnière-class cruiser"><i>La Galissonnière</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_De_Grasse" title="French cruiser De Grasse"><i>De Grasse</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Large <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacal-class_destroyer" title="Chacal-class destroyer"><i>Chacal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9pard-class_destroyer" title="Guépard-class destroyer"><i>Guépard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigle-class_destroyer" title="Aigle-class destroyer"><i>Aigle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauquelin-class_destroyer" title="Vauquelin-class destroyer"><i>Vauquelin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fantasque-class_destroyer" title="Le Fantasque-class destroyer"><i>Le Fantasque</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogador-class_destroyer" title="Mogador-class destroyer"><i>Mogador</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourrasque-class_destroyer" title="Bourrasque-class destroyer"><i>Bourrasque</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Adroit-class_destroyer" title="L'Adroit-class destroyer"><i>L'Adroit</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Hardi-class_destroyer" title="Le Hardi-class destroyer"><i>Le Hardi</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Melpom%C3%A8ne-class_torpedo_boat" title="La Melpomène-class torpedo boat"><i>La Melpomène</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fier-class_torpedo_boat" title="Le Fier-class torpedo boat"><i>Le Fier</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_La_Combattante" title="French destroyer La Combattante"><i>La Combattante</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Escorteur" title="Escorteur">Escorteurs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Flower-class_corvette" title="French Flower-class corvette">French Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon-class_destroyer_escort" title="Cannon-class destroyer escort"><i>Cannon</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-461-class_submarine_chaser" title="PC-461-class submarine chaser"><i>PC-461</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River-class_frigate" title="River-class frigate">River</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_France" title="List of submarines of France">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir%C3%A8ne-class_submarine_(1925)" title="Sirène-class submarine (1925)"><i>Sirène</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane-class_submarine" title="Ariane-class submarine"><i>Ariane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circ%C3%A9-class_submarine_(1925)" title="Circé-class submarine (1925)"><i>Circé</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaute-class_submarine" title="Argonaute-class submarine"><i>Argonaute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion-class_submarine" title="Orion-class submarine"><i>Orion</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane-class_submarine_(1930)" title="Diane-class submarine (1930)"><i>Diane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saphir-class_submarine_(1928)" title="Saphir-class submarine (1928)"><i>Saphir</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requin-class_submarine" title="Requin-class submarine"><i>Requin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redoutable-class_submarine_(1928)" title="Redoutable-class submarine (1928)"><i>Redoutable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Surcouf" title="French submarine Surcouf"><i>Surcouf</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerve-class_submarine" title="Minerve-class submarine"><i>Minerve</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurore-class_submarine" title="Aurore-class submarine"><i>Aurore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Curie_(P67)" title="French submarine Curie (P67)"><i>Curie</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acciaio-class_submarine" title="Acciaio-class submarine"><i>Narval</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>LL</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">Avisos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabis-class_sloop" title="Arabis-class sloop"><i>Arabis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrietia-class_sloop" title="Aubrietia-class sloop"><i>Ville d'Ys</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras-class_aviso" title="Arras-class aviso"><i>Arras</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scarpe-class_aviso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scarpe-class aviso (page does not exist)"><i>Scarpe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville-class_aviso" title="Bougainville-class aviso"><i>Bougainville</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lan-class_sloop" title="Élan-class sloop"><i>Élan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_survey_ship_Amiral_Mouchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French survey ship Amiral Mouchez (page does not exist)"><i>Amiral Mouchez</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamois-class_sloop" title="Chamois-class sloop"><i>Chamois</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Pluton" title="French cruiser Pluton"><i>Pluton</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelaying cruiser</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_seaplane_carrier_Commandant_Teste" title="French seaplane carrier Commandant Teste"><i>Commandant Teste</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">seaplane tender</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_tender_Jules_Verne" title="French submarine tender Jules Verne"><i>Jules Verne</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/Submarine_tender" title="Submarine tender">submarine tender</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_netlayer_Le_Gladiateur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French netlayer Le Gladiateur (page does not exist)"><i>Le Gladiateur</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/Net_laying_ship" title="Net laying ship">netlayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sans_Souci-class_seaplane_tender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sans Souci-class seaplane tender (page does not exist)"><i>Sans Souci</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>C</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span> (seaplane tender)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>LL</dt> <dd>Lend-Lease</dd> <dt>S</dt> <dd>Single ship of class</dd> <dt>C</dt> <dd>Completed after the war</dd> <dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&oldid=1245728306">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&oldid=1245728306</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aircraft_carrier_classes" title="Category:Aircraft carrier classes">Aircraft carrier classes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joffre-class_aircraft_carriers" title="Category:Joffre-class aircraft carriers">Joffre-class aircraft carriers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Proposed_aircraft_carriers" title="Category:Proposed aircraft carriers">Proposed aircraft carriers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cancelled_aircraft_carriers" title="Category:Cancelled aircraft carriers">Cancelled aircraft carriers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ship_classes_of_the_French_Navy" title="Category:Ship classes of the French Navy">Ship classes of the French Navy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 September 2024, at 18:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Joffre</i>-class aircraft carrier</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>11 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-s6rbr","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.897","walltime":"1.053","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3809,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":78619,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2871,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":43994,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 967.028 1 -total"," 22.80% 220.484 2 Template:Military_navigation"," 21.00% 203.032 11 Template:Lang"," 17.73% 171.420 9 Template:Cite_book"," 11.89% 115.022 1 Template:Joffre_class_aircraft_carrier"," 11.41% 110.298 1 Template:WWII_French_ships"," 9.95% 96.260 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.53% 72.857 18 Template:Ship"," 7.00% 67.649 24 Template:Cvt"," 6.95% 67.175 1 Template:Infobox_ship_characteristics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.637","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16288779,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-679bf888dd-7drlm","timestamp":"20250225124745","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Joffre-class aircraft carrier","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joffre-class_aircraft_carrier","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2659477","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2659477","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-10-01T22:18:18Z","dateModified":"2024-09-14T18:51:19Z","headline":"unbuilt class of French Navy aircraft carriers"}</script> </body> </html>