CINXE.COM
Perl Documentation - Perldoc Browser
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Perl Documentation - Perldoc Browser</title> <link rel="search" href="/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Perldoc Browser"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://perldoc.perl.org/"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-JcKb8q3iqJ61gNV9KGb8thSsNjpSL0n8PARn9HuZOnIxN0hoP+VmmDGMN5t9UJ0Z" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.5.0/styles/stackoverflow-light.min.css" integrity="sha512-cG1IdFxqipi3gqLmksLtuk13C+hBa57a6zpWxMeoY3Q9O6ooFxq50DayCdm0QrDgZjMUn23z/0PMZlgft7Yp5Q==" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style> body { background: #f4f4f5; color: #020202; } .navbar-dark { background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(top, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #005f85 0, #002e49 100%); filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ff005f85', endColorstr='#ff002e49', GradientType=0); background-repeat: repeat-x; } .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link, .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus { color: #fff } .navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover { color: #ffef68 } #wrapperlicious { margin: 0 auto; font: 0.9em 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #wrapperlicious h1 { font-size: 1.5em } #wrapperlicious h2 { font-size: 1.3em } #wrapperlicious h3 { font-size: 1.1em } #wrapperlicious h4 { font-size: 0.9em } #wrapperlicious h1, #wrapperlicious h2, #wrapperlicious h3, #wrapperlicious h4, #wrapperlicious dt { color: #020202; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; position: relative; font-weight: bold; } #wrapperlicious a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline } #wrapperlicious #toc { text-decoration: none } #wrapperlicious a:hover { color: #2a2a2a } #wrapperlicious a img { border: 0 } #wrapperlicious :not(pre) > code { color: inherit; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); border-radius: 3px; font: 0.9em Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace; padding: 0.3em; } #wrapperlicious dd { margin: 0; margin-left: 2em; } #wrapperlicious dt { color: #2a2a2a; font-weight: bold; margin-left: 0.9em; } #wrapperlicious p { margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; } #wrapperlicious li > p { margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; } #wrapperlicious pre { border: 1px solid #c1c1c1; border-radius: 3px; font: 100% Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; } #wrapperlicious pre > code { display: block; background-color: #f6f6f6; font: 0.9em Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: left; white-space: pre; padding: 1em; } #wrapperlicious dl, #wrapperlicious ol, #wrapperlicious ul { margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; } #wrapperlicious ul { list-style-type: square; } #wrapperlicious ul ul { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; } #footer { font-size: 0.8em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: center; } #more { display: inline; font-size: 0.8em; } #perldocdiv { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #c1c1c1; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 3em; padding-top: 1em; max-width: 960px; } #moduleversion { float: right } #wrapperlicious .leading-notice { font-style: italic; padding-left: 1em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; } #wrapperlicious .permalink { display: none; left: -0.75em; position: absolute; padding-right: 0.25em; text-decoration: none; } #wrapperlicious h1:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h2:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h3:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious h4:hover .permalink, #wrapperlicious dt:hover .permalink { display: block; } </style> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-KVNWBNT5FB"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-KVNWBNT5FB'); gtag('config', 'UA-50555-3'); </script> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bg-dark justify-content-between"> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Perldoc Browser</a> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="dropdownlink-stable" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">5.8.9</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-stable"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/">Latest</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.40.0/">5.40.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.38.2/">5.38.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.38.1/">5.38.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.38.0/">5.38.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.36.3/">5.36.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.36.2/">5.36.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.36.1/">5.36.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.36.0/">5.36.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.34.3/">5.34.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.34.2/">5.34.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.34.1/">5.34.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.34.0/">5.34.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.32.1/">5.32.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.32.0/">5.32.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.30.3/">5.30.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.30.2/">5.30.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.30.1/">5.30.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.30.0/">5.30.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.28.3/">5.28.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.28.2/">5.28.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.28.1/">5.28.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.28.0/">5.28.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.26.3/">5.26.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.26.2/">5.26.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.26.1/">5.26.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.26.0/">5.26.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.24.4/">5.24.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.24.3/">5.24.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.24.2/">5.24.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.24.1/">5.24.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.24.0/">5.24.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.22.4/">5.22.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.22.3/">5.22.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.22.2/">5.22.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.22.1/">5.22.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.22.0/">5.22.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.20.3/">5.20.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.20.2/">5.20.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.20.1/">5.20.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.20.0/">5.20.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.18.4/">5.18.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.18.3/">5.18.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.18.2/">5.18.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.18.1/">5.18.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.18.0/">5.18.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.16.3/">5.16.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.16.2/">5.16.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.16.1/">5.16.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.16.0/">5.16.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.14.4/">5.14.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.14.3/">5.14.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.14.2/">5.14.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.14.1/">5.14.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.14.0/">5.14.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.12.5/">5.12.5</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.12.4/">5.12.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.12.3/">5.12.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.12.2/">5.12.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.12.1/">5.12.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.12.0/">5.12.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.10.1/">5.10.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.10.0/">5.10.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item active" href="/5.8.9/">5.8.9</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.8/">5.8.8</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.7/">5.8.7</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.6/">5.8.6</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.5/">5.8.5</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.4/">5.8.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.3/">5.8.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.2/">5.8.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.1/">5.8.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.0/">5.8.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.6.2/">5.6.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.6.1/">5.6.1</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.6.0/">5.6.0</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.005_04/">5.005_04</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.005_03/">5.005_03</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.005_02/">5.005_02</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.005_01/">5.005_01</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.005/">5.005</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="dropdownlink-dev" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dev</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-dev"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/blead/">blead</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.41.6/">5.41.6</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.41.5/">5.41.5</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.41.4/">5.41.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.41.3/">5.41.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.41.2/">5.41.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.41.1/">5.41.1</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.40.0-RC2/">5.40.0-RC2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.40.0-RC1/">5.40.0-RC1</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.10/">5.39.10</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.9/">5.39.9</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.8/">5.39.8</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.7/">5.39.7</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.6/">5.39.6</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.5/">5.39.5</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.4/">5.39.4</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.3/">5.39.3</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.2/">5.39.2</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.39.1/">5.39.1</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown text-nowrap"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="dropdownlink-nav" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Documentation</a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownlink-nav"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perl">Perl</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perlintro">Intro</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perl#Tutorials">Tutorials</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perlfaq">FAQs</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perl#Reference-Manual">Reference</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perlop">Operators</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/functions">Functions</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/variables">Variables</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/modules">Modules</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perlutil">Utilities</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perldelta">Release Notes</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perlcommunity">Community</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/5.8.9/perlhist">History</a> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav"> <script> function set_expand (expand) { var perldocdiv = document.getElementById('perldocdiv'); var width = window.getComputedStyle(perldocdiv).getPropertyValue('max-width'); var expanded = (width == '' || width == 'none') ? true : false; if (expand === null) { expand = !expanded; } if ((expand && !expanded) || (!expand && expanded)) { perldocdiv.style.setProperty('max-width', expand ? 'none' : '960px'); var button_classlist = document.getElementById('content-expand-button').classList; if (expand) { button_classlist.add('btn-light'); button_classlist.remove('btn-outline-light'); } else { button_classlist.add('btn-outline-light'); button_classlist.remove('btn-light'); } } return expand; } function toggle_expand () { var expand = set_expand(null); document.cookie = 'perldoc_expand=' + (expand ? 1 : 0) + '; path=/; expires=Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 UTC'; } function read_expand () { return document.cookie.split(';').some(function (item) { return item.indexOf('perldoc_expand=1') >= 0 }); } if (document.readyState === 'loading') { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { if (read_expand()) { set_expand(true); } }); } else if (read_expand()) { set_expand(true); } </script> <button id="content-expand-button" type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light d-none d-lg-inline-block mr-4" onclick="toggle_expand()">Expand</button> </ul> <form class="form-inline" method="get" action="/5.8.9/search"> <input class="form-control mr-3" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" value=""> </form> </div> </nav> <div id="wrapperlicious" class="container-fluid"> <div id="perldocdiv"> <div class="leading-notice"> You are viewing the version of this documentation from Perl 5.8.9. <a href="/">View the latest version</a> </div> <h1 id="Perl-5.8.9-Documentation"><a class="permalink" href="#Perl-5.8.9-Documentation">#</a><a id="Perl"></a>Perl 5.8.9 Documentation</h1> <p>If you're new to Perl, you should start with <a href="/5.8.9/perlintro">perlintro</a>, which is a general intro for beginners and provides some background to help you navigate the rest of Perl's extensive documentation.</p> <p>For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into several sections.</p> <ul> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Overview">Overview</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Tutorials">Tutorials</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Reference-Manual">Reference Manual</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Internals-and-C-Language-Interface">Internals and C Language Interface</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Language-Specific">Language-Specific</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perl#Platform-Specific">Platform-Specific</a></p> </li> </ul> <p><i>Full perl(1) documentation: <a href="/5.8.9/perl">perl</a></i></p> <h2 id="Reference-Lists"><a class="permalink" href="#Reference-Lists">#</a><a id="Reference"></a>Reference Lists</h2> <ul> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perlop">Operators</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/functions">Functions</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/variables">Variables</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/modules">Modules</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perlutil">Utilities</a></p> </li> </ul> <h2 id="More-Info"><a class="permalink" href="#More-Info">#</a><a id="More"></a>More Info</h2> <ul> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perldelta">Perl 5.8.9 Release Notes</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perlcommunity">Community</a></p> </li> <li><p><a href="/5.8.9/perlfaq">FAQs</a></p> </li> </ul> <h2 id="About-Perl"><a class="permalink" href="#About-Perl">#</a><a id="About"></a>About Perl</h2> <p>Perl is a language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information. It's also a good language for many system management tasks. The language is intended to be practical (easy to use, efficient, complete) rather than beautiful (tiny, elegant, minimal).</p> <p>Perl combines (in the author's opinion, anyway) some of the best features of C, <b>sed</b>, <b>awk</b>, and <b>sh</b>, so people familiar with those languages should have little difficulty with it. (Language historians will also note some vestiges of <b>csh</b>, Pascal, and even BASIC-PLUS.) Expression syntax corresponds closely to C expression syntax. Unlike most Unix utilities, Perl does not arbitrarily limit the size of your data--if you've got the memory, Perl can slurp in your whole file as a single string. Recursion is of unlimited depth. And the tables used by hashes (sometimes called "associative arrays") grow as necessary to prevent degraded performance. Perl can use sophisticated pattern matching techniques to scan large amounts of data quickly. Although optimized for scanning text, Perl can also deal with binary data, and can make dbm files look like hashes. Setuid Perl scripts are safer than C programs through a dataflow tracing mechanism that prevents many stupid security holes.</p> <p>If you have a problem that would ordinarily use <b>sed</b> or <b>awk</b> or <b>sh</b>, but it exceeds their capabilities or must run a little faster, and you don't want to write the silly thing in C, then Perl may be for you. There are also translators to turn your <b>sed</b> and <b>awk</b> scripts into Perl scripts.</p> <p>But wait, there's more...</p> <p>Begun in 1993 (see <a href="/5.8.9/perlhist">perlhist</a>), Perl version 5 is nearly a complete rewrite that provides the following additional benefits:</p> <ul> <li><p>modularity and reusability using innumerable modules</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlmod">perlmod</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlmodlib">perlmodlib</a>, and <a href="/5.8.9/perlmodinstall">perlmodinstall</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>embeddable and extensible</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlembed">perlembed</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlxstut">perlxstut</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlxs">perlxs</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlcall">perlcall</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlguts">perlguts</a>, and <a href="/5.8.9/xsubpp">xsubpp</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous DBM implementations)</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perltie">perltie</a> and <a href="/5.8.9/AnyDBM_File">AnyDBM_File</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and prototyped</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlsub">perlsub</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlreftut">perlreftut</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlref">perlref</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perldsc">perldsc</a>, and <a href="/5.8.9/perllol">perllol</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>object-oriented programming</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlobj">perlobj</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perlboot">perlboot</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perltoot">perltoot</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perltooc">perltooc</a>, and <a href="/5.8.9/perlbot">perlbot</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>support for light-weight processes (threads)</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlthrtut">perlthrtut</a> and <a href="/5.8.9/threads">threads</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>support for Unicode, internationalization, and localization</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perluniintro">perluniintro</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perllocale">perllocale</a> and <a href="/5.8.9/Locale::Maketext">Locale::Maketext</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>lexical scoping</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlsub">perlsub</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>regular expression enhancements</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perlre">perlre</a>, with additional examples in <a href="/5.8.9/perlop">perlop</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>enhanced debugger and interactive Perl environment, with integrated editor support</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/perldebtut">perldebtut</a>, <a href="/5.8.9/perldebug">perldebug</a> and <a href="/5.8.9/perldebguts">perldebguts</a>.</p> </li> <li><p>POSIX 1003.1 compliant library</p> <p>Described in <a href="/5.8.9/POSIX">POSIX</a>.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Okay, that's <i>definitely</i> enough hype.</p> </div> <div id="footer"> <p>Perldoc Browser is maintained by Dan Book (<a href="https://metacpan.org/author/DBOOK">DBOOK</a>). Please contact him via the <a href="https://github.com/Grinnz/perldoc-browser/issues">GitHub issue tracker</a> or <a href="mailto:dbook@cpan.org">email</a> regarding any issues with the site itself, search, or rendering of documentation.</p> <p>The Perl documentation is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters in the development of Perl. Please contact them via the <a href="https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues">Perl issue tracker</a>, the <a href="https://lists.perl.org/list/perl5-porters.html">mailing list</a>, or <a href="https://kiwiirc.com/client/irc.perl.org/p5p">IRC</a> to report any issues with the contents or format of the documentation.</p> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.slim.min.js" integrity="sha512-/DXTXr6nQodMUiq+IUJYCt2PPOUjrHJ9wFrqpJ3XkgPNOZVfMok7cRw6CSxyCQxXn6ozlESsSh1/sMCTF1rL/g==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.1/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha512-ubuT8Z88WxezgSqf3RLuNi5lmjstiJcyezx34yIU2gAHonIi27Na7atqzUZCOoY4CExaoFumzOsFQ2Ch+I/HCw==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="/highlight.pack.js"></script> <script>hljs.highlightAll();</script> </body> </html>