Nuclear Experiment

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>Nuclear Experiment </title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20241206" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css" /> <script language="javascript" src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js" /></script> <script src="/static/browse/0.3.4/js/mathjaxToggle.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">mathjaxToggle();</script> </head> <body class="with-cu-identity"> <div class="flex-wrap-footer"> <header> <a href="#content" class="is-sr-only">Skip to main content</a>  <div class="columns is-vcentered is-hidden-mobile" id="cu-identity"> <div class="column" id="cu-logo"> <a href="https://www.cornell.edu/"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell-reduced-white-SMALL.svg" alt="Cornell University" /></a> </div> <div class="column" id="support-ack"> <span id="support-ack-url">We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/ourmembers.html">member institutions</a>, and all contributors.</span> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html" class="btn-header-donate">Donate</a> </div> </div> <div id="header" class="is-hidden-mobile"> <a aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="/IgnoreMe"></a> <div class="header-breadcrumbs"> <a href="/"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-one-color-white.svg" alt="arxiv logo" style="height:40px;"/></a> <span>></span> <a href="/list/nucl-ex/recent">nucl-ex</a> </div> <div class="search-block level-right"> <form class="level-item mini-search" method="GET" action="https://arxiv.org/search"> <div class="field has-addons"> <div class="control"> <input class="input is-small" type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search term or terms" /> <p class="help"><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a> | <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/advanced">Advanced Search</a></p> </div> <div class="control"> <div class="select is-small"> <select name="searchtype" aria-label="Field to search"> <option value="all" selected="selected">All fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="author">Author</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="comments">Comments</option> <option value="journal_ref">Journal reference</option> <option value="acm_class">ACM classification</option> <option value="msc_class">MSC classification</option> <option value="report_num">Report number</option> <option value="paper_id">arXiv identifier</option> <option value="doi">DOI</option> <option value="orcid">ORCID</option> <option value="author_id">arXiv author ID</option> <option value="help">Help pages</option> <option value="full_text">Full text</option> </select> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="header"> <button class="button is-small is-cul-darker">Search</button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-header"> <div class="columns is-mobile"> <div class="column logo-arxiv"><a href="https://arxiv.org/"><img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logomark-small-white.svg" alt="arXiv logo" style="height:60px;" /></a></div> <div class="column logo-cornell"><a href="https://www.cornell.edu/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 501px)" srcset="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell-reduced-white-SMALL.svg 400w" sizes="400w" /> <source srcset="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell_seal_simple_black.svg 2x" /> <img src="/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/cu/cornell-reduced-white-SMALL.svg" alt="Cornell University Logo" /> </picture> </a></div> <div class="column nav" id="toggle-container" role="menubar"> <button class="toggle-control"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-white"><title>open search</title><path d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"/></svg></button> <div class="mobile-toggle-block toggle-target"> <form class="mobile-search-form" method="GET" action="https://arxiv.org/search"> <div class="field has-addons"> <input class="input" type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search..." aria-label="Search term or terms" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="header"> <input type="hidden" name="searchtype" value="all"> <button class="button">GO</button> </div> </form> </div> <button class="toggle-control"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-white" role="menu"><title>open navigation menu</title><path d="M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z"/ ></svg></button> <div class="mobile-toggle-block toggle-target"> <nav class="mobile-menu" aria-labelledby="mobilemenulabel"> <h2 id="mobilemenulabel">quick links</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://arxiv.org/login">Login</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help Pages</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main> <div id="content"> <div id='content-inner'> <div id='dlpage'> <h1>Nuclear Experiment</h1> <ul> <li><a href="#item1">Cross-lists</a></li> <li><a href="#item4">Replacements</a></li> </ul> <p>See <a id="recent-nucl-ex" aria-labelledby="recent-nucl-ex" href="/list/nucl-ex/recent">recent</a> articles</p> <h3>Showing new listings for Thursday, 24 April 2025</h3> <div class='paging'>Total of 5 entries </div> <div class='morefewer'>Showing up to 2000 entries per page: <a href=/list/nucl-ex/new?skip=0&show=1000 rel="nofollow"> fewer</a> | <span style="color: #454545">more</span> | <span style="color: #454545">all</span> </div> <dl id='articles'> <h3>Cross submissions (showing 3 of 3 entries)</h3> <dt> <a name='item1'>[1]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.16147" title="Abstract" id="2504.16147"> arXiv:2504.16147 </a> (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [<a href="/pdf/2504.16147" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.16147" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.16147">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.16147v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.16147" aria-labelledby="html-2504.16147" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.16147" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.16147" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.16147">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Solid Target production for Astrophysical Reasearch: the European target laboratory partnership in ChETEC-INFRA </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spart%C3%A0,+R">Roberta Spart脿</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spiridon,+A">Alexandra Spiridon</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Depalo,+R">Rosanna Depalo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Piatti,+D">Denise Piatti</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Massara,+A">Antonio Massara</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Florea,+N">Nicoleta Florea</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heine,+M">Marcel Heine</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andrei,+R">Radu-Florin Andrei</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bastin,+B">Beyhan Bastin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burducea,+I">Ion Burducea</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caciolli,+A">Antonio Caciolli</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Campostrini,+M">Matteo Campostrini</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Courtin,+S">Sandrine Courtin</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ferraro,+F">Federico Ferraro</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Guardo,+G+L">Giovanni Luca Guardo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heim,+F">Felix Heim</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iancu,+D">Decebal Iancu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=La+Cognata,+M">Marco La Cognata</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lamia,+L">Livio Lamia</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lanzalone,+G">Gaetano Lanzalone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Masha,+E">Eliana Masha</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mereuta,+P">Paul Mereuta</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nippert,+J">Jean Nippert</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pizzone,+R+G">Rosario Gianluca Pizzone</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rapisarda,+G+G">Giuseppe Gabriele Rapisarda</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sergi,+M+L">Maria Letizia Sergi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Skowronski,+J">Jakub Skowronski</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=State,+D">Dana State</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szucs,+T">Tamas Szucs</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Trache,+L">Livius Trache</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tumino,+A">Aurora Tumino</a></div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</span>; Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The joint work of European target laboratories in the ChETEC-INFRA project is presented, to face the new experimental challenges of nuclear astrophysics. In particular, results are presented on innovative targets of 12,13C, 16O, and 19F that were produced, characterized, and, in some cases, tested under beam irradiation. STAR (Solid Targets for Astrophysics Research) is already acting to increase collaboration among laboratories, to achieve shared protocols for target production, and to offer a characterization service to the entire nuclear astrophysics community. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item2'>[2]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.16784" title="Abstract" id="2504.16784"> arXiv:2504.16784 </a> (cross-list from hep-ph) [<a href="/pdf/2504.16784" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.16784" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.16784">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.16784v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.16784" aria-labelledby="html-2504.16784" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.16784" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.16784" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.16784">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Particles in finite volumes and a toy model of decaying neutrons </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ph?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%A4ding,+C">Christian K盲ding</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 23 pages, 3 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)</span>; High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th); Quantum Physics (quant-ph) </div> <p class='mathjax'> It is well-known that the momentum spectra of particles confined to finite spatial volumes deviate from the continuous spectra used for unconfined particles. In this article, we consider real scalar particles confined to finite volumes with periodic boundary conditions, such that the particles' spectra are discrete. We directly compute the density matrices describing the decay processes $\phi \to \varphi^2$ and $\phi \to \varphi\chi\nu$, and subsequently derive expressions for the decay probabilities both for confined and unconfined particles. The latter decay process is used as a rough toy model for a neutron decaying into a proton, an electron, and an anti-electron neutrino. We propose that finite volume effects can have an impact on the outcomes of experiments measuring the neutron lifetime. In addition, our findings at the toy model level suggest that taking into account possible initial correlations between neutrons and their daughter particles might be relevant as well. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item3'>[3]</a> <a href ="/abs/2504.16889" title="Abstract" id="2504.16889"> arXiv:2504.16889 </a> (cross-list from physics.ins-det) [<a href="/pdf/2504.16889" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2504.16889" aria-labelledby="pdf-2504.16889">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2504.16889v1" title="View HTML" id="html-2504.16889" aria-labelledby="html-2504.16889" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2504.16889" title="Other formats" id="oth-2504.16889" aria-labelledby="oth-2504.16889">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Characterization of a GAGG detector for neutron measurements in underground laboratories </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ascenzo,+L">Lorenzo Ascenzo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benato,+G">Giovanni Benato</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chu,+Y">Yingjie Chu</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Di+Carlo,+G">Giuseppe Di Carlo</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Molinario,+A">Andrea Molinario</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vernetto,+S">Silvia Vernetto</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 12 pages, 13 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)</span>; Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) </div> <p class='mathjax'> In rare events experiments, such as those devoted to the direct search of dark matter, a precise knowledge of the environmental gamma and neutron backgrounds is crucial for reaching the design experiment sensitivity. The neutron component is often poorly known due to the lack of a scalable detector technology for the precise measurement of low-flux neutron spectra. Gd$_3$Al$_2$Ga$_3$O$_{12}$ (GAGG) is a newly developed, high-density scintillating crystal with a high gadolinium content, which could allow to exploit the high $(n,\gamma)$ cross section of $^{155}$Gd and $^{157}$Gd for neutron measurements in underground environments. GAGG crystals feature a high scintillation light yield, good timing performance, and the capability of particle identification via pulse-shape discrimination. In a low-background environment, the distinctive signature produced by neutron capture on gadolinium, namely a $\beta/\gamma$ cascade releasing up to 9 MeV of total energy, and the efficient particle identification provided by GAGG could yield a background-free neutron capture signal. In this work, we present the characterization of a first GAGG detector prototype in terms of particle discrimination performance, intrinsic radioactive contamination, and neutron response. </p> </div> </dd> </dl> <dl id='articles'> <h3>Replacement submissions (showing 2 of 2 entries)</h3> <dt> <a name='item4'>[4]</a> <a href ="/abs/2411.18349" title="Abstract" id="2411.18349"> arXiv:2411.18349 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2411.18349" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2411.18349" aria-labelledby="pdf-2411.18349">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2411.18349v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2411.18349" aria-labelledby="html-2411.18349" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2411.18349" title="Other formats" id="oth-2411.18349" aria-labelledby="oth-2411.18349">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> High density symmetry energy: A key to the solution of the hyperon puzzle </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/nucl-th?searchtype=author&query=Ye,+J">Jun-Ting Ye</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/nucl-th?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+R">Rui Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/nucl-th?searchtype=author&query=Wang,+S">Si-Pei Wang</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/nucl-th?searchtype=author&query=Chen,+L">Lie-Wen Chen</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 21 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Presentation improved and discussions significantly expanded, especially on the implications of a symmetry energy soft at intermediate densities but stiff at high densities. Accepted version to appear in ApJ </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)</span>; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) </div> <p class='mathjax'> The recently developed nuclear effective interaction based on the so-called N3LO Skyrme pseudopotential is extended to include the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions by assuming the similar density, momentum, and isospin dependence as for the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The parameters in these interactions are determined from either experimental information if any or chiral effective field theory or lattice QCD calculations of the hyperon potentials in nuclear matter around nuclear saturation density $\rho_0$. We find that varying the high density behavior of the symmetry energy $E_{\rm sym}(\rho)$ can significantly change the critical density for hyperon appearance in the neutron stars and thus the maximum mass $M_{\rm TOV}$ of static hyperon stars. In particular, a symmetry energy which is soft around $2-3\rho_0$ but stiff above about $4\rho_0$, can lead to $M_{\rm TOV} \gtrsim 2M_\odot$ for hyperon stars and simultaneously be compatible with (1) the constraints on the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter at suprasaturation densities obtained from flow data in heavy-ion collisions; (2) the microscopic calculations of the equation of state for pure neutron matter; (3) the star tidal deformability extracted from gravitational wave signal GW170817; (4) the mass-radius relations of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J0437-4715 measured from NICER; (5) the observation of the unusually low mass and small radius in the central compact object of HESS J1731-347. Furthermore, the sound speed squared of the hyperon star matter naturally displays a strong peak structure around baryon density of $3-4\rho_0$, consistent with the model-independent analysis on the multimessenger data. Our results suggest that the high density symmetry energy could be a key to the solution of the hyperon puzzle in neutron star physics. </p> </div> </dd> <dt> <a name='item5'>[5]</a> <a href ="/abs/2412.04712" title="Abstract" id="2412.04712"> arXiv:2412.04712 </a> (replaced) [<a href="/pdf/2412.04712" title="Download PDF" id="pdf-2412.04712" aria-labelledby="pdf-2412.04712">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/html/2412.04712v2" title="View HTML" id="html-2412.04712" aria-labelledby="html-2412.04712" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">html</a>, <a href="/format/2412.04712" title="Other formats" id="oth-2412.04712" aria-labelledby="oth-2412.04712">other</a>] </dt> <dd> <div class='meta'> <div class='list-title mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Title:</span> Simulation Tool Development and Sensitivity Analysis of 160Gd Double Beta Decay Search by the PIKACHU Project </div> <div class='list-authors'><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Omori,+T">Takumi Omori</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Iida,+T">Takashi Iida</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hinohara,+N">Nobuo Hinohara</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Takahashi,+K">Kotaro Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Fushimi,+K">Ken-Ichi Fushimi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Gando,+A">Azusa Gando</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Hosokawa,+K">Keishi Hosokawa</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ishidate,+S">Shotaro Ishidate</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Ishigami,+M">Motonao Ishigami</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Kamada,+K">Kei Kamada</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Mizukoshi,+K">Keita Mizukoshi</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Shoji,+Y">Yasuhiro Shoji</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Suzuki,+H">Hisanori Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/search/hep-ex?searchtype=author&query=Yoshino,+M">Masao Yoshino</a></div> <div class='list-comments mathjax'><span class='descriptor'>Comments:</span> 18 pages, 12 figures </div> <div class='list-subjects'><span class='descriptor'>Subjects:</span> <span class="primary-subject">High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)</span>; Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) </div> <p class='mathjax'> Neutrinoless double beta decay (0v2b) has been investigated as a physical process that can provide evidence for the Majorana nature of neutrinos. The theoretical predictions of the 0v2b rate are subject to significant uncertainty, primarily due to nuclear matrix elements (NME). To reduce this uncertainty, experimental measurements of the half-lives of two-neutrino double beta decay (2v2b) in various nuclei are essential as a benchmark for NME calculations. The PIKACHU (Pure Inorganic scintillator experiment in KAmioka for CHallenging Underground sciences) project searches for the previously unobserved 2v2b decay of 160Gd, employing Ce-doped Gd3Ga3Al2O12 (GAGG) single crystals. In the Phase 1 experiment, we aim to improve the current lower limit on the 2v2b half-life of 160Gd by a prior study using a Ce-doped Gd2SiO5 (GSO) crystal. Ultimately, in Phase 2, the project seeks to achieve a sensitivity surpassing the theoretical prediction of 7.4 x 10^20 years, enabling the potential discovery of the 160Gd 2v2b decay. In this paper, we describe the development of background models based on GEANT4 simulations. The modeled backgrounds are contributions from uranium and thorium decay chains, 40K present in GAGG, and 40K gamma-rays from outside of GAGG. Additionally, we developed models for both 2v2b and 0v2b decay by implementing the theoretical kinematics of two-electron emission in double beta decay in the GEANT4 simulation. As a result, our background models successfully reproduced the measured background spectrum through fitting. By generating pseudo background spectra expected in Phase 1 and analyzing them with the combined background and 2v2b models, we evaluated the 2v2b sensitivity of Phase 1 to be 2.78 x 10^19 years (90% C.L.). This paper presents the development of these simulation models and the expected sensitivities for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 based on the pseudo data analyses. </p> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class='paging'>Total of 5 entries </div> <div class='morefewer'>Showing up to 2000 entries per page: <a href=/list/nucl-ex/new?skip=0&show=1000 rel="nofollow"> fewer</a> | <span style="color: #454545">more</span> | <span style="color: #454545">all</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer style="clear: both;"> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary" style="margin: -0.75em -0.75em 0.75em -0.75em">  <div class="column" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul style="list-style: none; line-height: 2;"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul style="list-style: none; line-height: 2;"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column" style="padding: 0;"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul style="list-style: none; line-height: 2;"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul style="list-style: none; line-height: 2;"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/static/base/1.0.1/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Nuclear Experiment