Cardiovascular, renal and metabolic

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role="heading" class="h2" aria-label="Choose Location" aria-level="2"> <span>Choose Location</span> </div> </div> <div class="tab-content-block"> <div class="region-tabs">  <ul class="nav nav-pills"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" href="#international" data-bs-toggle="pill"><strong>International</strong></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#americas" data-bs-toggle="pill"><strong>Americas</strong></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#asia-pacific" data-bs-toggle="pill"><strong>Asia Pacific</strong></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#europe" data-bs-toggle="pill"><strong>Europe</strong></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="#middle-east-africa" data-bs-toggle="pill"><strong>Middle East & Africa</strong></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="tab-content">  <div id=international class="tab-pane active"> <dl class="countries-list">  <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/" target="_self" class="active">Global | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartisfoundation.org" target="_self">Novartis Foundation | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id=americas class="tab-pane"> <dl class="countries-list">  <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ar-es/" target="_self">Argentina | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/br-pt/" target="_self">Brazil | <strong>Português</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ca-en/" target="_self">Canada | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ca-fr/" target="_self">Canada | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/candean-es/" target="_self">Central America | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/co-es/" target="_self">Colombia | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/mx-es/" target="_self">Mexico | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/us-en/" target="_self">United States | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id=asia-pacific class="tab-pane"> <dl class="countries-list">  <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/au-en/" target="_self">Australia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/bd-en/" target="_self">Bangladesh | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/hk-zh/" target="_self">Hong Kong S.A.R. | <strong>繁體中文</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/in-en/" target="_self">India | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/id-en/" target="_self">Indonesia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/jp-ja/" target="_self">Japan | <strong>日本語</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/kr-ko/" target="_self">Korea | <strong>한국어</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com.cn/" target="_self">Mainland China | <strong>中文</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/my-en/" target="_self">Malaysia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/pk-en/" target="_self">Pakistan | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ph-en/" target="_self">Philippines | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/sg-en/" target="_self">Singapore | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/tw-zh/" target="_self">Taiwan | <strong>繁體中文</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/th-th/" target="_self">Thailand | <strong>ภาษาไทย</strong></a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id=europe class="tab-pane"> <dl class="countries-list">  <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/at-de/" target="_self">Austria | <strong>Deutsch</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/be-fr/" target="_self">Belgium | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/be-nl/" target="_self">Belgium | <strong>Nederlands</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/bg-bg/" target="_self">Bulgaria | <strong>Български</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/cz-cs/" target="_self">Czech Republic | <strong>Česky</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/cz-en/" target="_self">Czech Republic | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/dk-da/" target="_self">Denmark | <strong>Dansk</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ee-et/" target="_self">Estonia | <strong>Eesti</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/fi-fi/" target="_self">Finland | <strong>Suomalainen</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/fr-fr/" target="_self">France | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/de-de/" target="_self">Germany | <strong>Deutsch</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/gr-el/" target="_self">Greece | <strong>Ελληνικά</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/hu-hu/" target="_self">Hungary | <strong>Magyar</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ie-en/" target="_self">Ireland | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/it-it/" target="_self">Italy | <strong>Italiano</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/lv-lv/" target="_self">Latvia | <strong>Latvian</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/lt-lt/" target="_self">Lithuania | <strong>Lithuanian</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/nl-nl/" target="_self">Netherlands | <strong>Nederlands</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/no-no/" target="_self">Norway | <strong>Norsk</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/pl-pl/" target="_self">Poland | <strong>Polski</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/pt-pt/" target="_self">Portugal | <strong>Português</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ro-ro/" target="_self">Romania | <strong>Română</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ru-ru/" target="_self">Russia | <strong>Русский</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/rs-sr/" target="_self">Serbia | <strong>Srpski</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/sk-sk/" target="_self">Slovakia | <strong>Slovensky</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/si-sl/" target="_self">Slovenia | <strong>Slovenščina</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/si-en/" target="_self">Slovenia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/es-es/" target="_self">Spain | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/se-se/" target="_self">Sweden | <strong>Svenska</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ch-de/" target="_self">Switzerland | <strong>Deutsch</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ch-fr/" target="_self">Switzerland | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/tr-tr/" target="_self">Türkiye | <strong>Türkçe</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/uk-en/" target="_self">United Kingdom | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id=middle-east-africa class="tab-pane"> <dl class="countries-list">  <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/eg-en/" target="_self">Egypt | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/il-he/" target="_self">Israel | <strong>עברית</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/sa-ar/" target="_self">Saudi Arabia | <strong>العربية</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/za-en/" target="_self">South Africa | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-polaris-languagecountryselectorformobile" data-block-plugin-id="nc_language_selector_mobile" class="block block-nc-language-selector block-nc-language-selector-mobile"> <div class="content"> <div id="block-languagecountryselectorformobile" data-block-plugin-id="novartis_language_selector_mobile" class="block block-novartis-language-selector block-novartis-language-selector-mobile block-wrapper"> <div class="language-selector-header-block-mobile language-selector-header-mobile" id="language-selector-header-block-mobile"> <div class="language-selector-name triangle-icon"> <img src="/themes/custom/polaris/patterns/images/globe.svg" alt="language-selector-globe"> <a class="site-selector-anchor-link-toggle" href="#" aria-label="Current site selection Global"> <span>Global </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="language-selector-mobile"> <div class="brand-quinary-light"> <div class="heading"> <div class="h3" aria-label="Choose Location" role="heading" aria-level="3"> <span>Choose Location</span> </div> </div> <div class="tab-content-block-mobile"> <div class="region-selector-wrapper"> <div class="dropdown dropdown-select"> <button class="dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-selected-region="international" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <strong><strong>international</strong></strong> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" > <a class="dropdown-item" data-region="international" href="#international">International</a> <a class="dropdown-item" data-region="americas" href="#americas">Americas</a> <a class="dropdown-item" data-region="asia-pacific" href="#asia-pacific">Asia Pacific</a> <a class="dropdown-item" data-region="europe" href="#europe">Europe</a> <a class="dropdown-item" data-region="middle-east-africa" href="#middle-east-africa">Middle East & Africa</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="countrylist-wrapper"> <dl class="countries-list">  <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ar-es/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Argentina | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/au-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Australia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/at-de/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Austria | <strong>Deutsch</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/bd-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Bangladesh | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/be-fr/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Belgium | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/be-nl/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Belgium | <strong>Nederlands</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/br-pt/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Brazil | <strong>Português</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/bg-bg/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Bulgaria | <strong>Български</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ca-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Canada | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ca-fr/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Canada | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/candean-es/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Central America | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/co-es/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Colombia | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/cz-cs/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Czech Republic | <strong>Česky</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/cz-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Czech Republic | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/dk-da/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Denmark | <strong>Dansk</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/eg-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="middle-east-africa">Egypt | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ee-et/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Estonia | <strong>Eesti</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/fi-fi/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Finland | <strong>Suomalainen</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/fr-fr/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">France | <strong>Français</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/de-de/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Germany | <strong>Deutsch</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/gr-el/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Greece | <strong>Ελληνικά</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/hk-zh/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Hong Kong S.A.R. | <strong>繁體中文</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/hu-hu/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Hungary | <strong>Magyar</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/in-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">India | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/id-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Indonesia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ie-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Ireland | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/il-he/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="middle-east-africa">Israel | <strong>עברית</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/it-it/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Italy | <strong>Italiano</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/jp-ja/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Japan | <strong>日本語</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/kr-ko/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Korea | <strong>한국어</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/lv-lv/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Latvia | <strong>Latvian</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/lt-lt/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Lithuania | <strong>Lithuanian</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com.cn/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Mainland China | <strong>中文</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/my-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Malaysia | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/mx-es/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="americas">Mexico | <strong>Español</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/nl-nl/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Netherlands | <strong>Nederlands</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/no-no/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Norway | <strong>Norsk</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="international" class="active">Global | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartisfoundation.org" target="_self" data-region-identifier="international">Novartis Foundation | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/pk-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Pakistan | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ph-en/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="asia-pacific">Philippines | <strong>English</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/pl-pl/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Poland | <strong>Polski</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/pt-pt/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Portugal | <strong>Português</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ro-ro/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Romania | <strong>Română</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/ru-ru/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Russia | <strong>Русский</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/sa-ar/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="middle-east-africa">Saudi Arabia | <strong>العربية</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/rs-sr/" target="_self" data-region-identifier="europe">Serbia | <strong>Srpski</strong></a> </dd> <dt></dt> <dd> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/sg-en/" 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Every day, we work to reimagine medicine to improve and extend people’s lives so that patients, healthcare professionals and societies are empowered in the face of serious disease. Our medicines reach more than 250 million people worldwide.</span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="46c98121-e544-4ac9-bc64-a92da86975ca" data-submenu="1" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <i class="borderH"></i> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="Patients and caregivers" href="/patients-and-caregivers" > <i class="borderH"></i> Patients and caregivers  </a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu"> <span class="more_from"></span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span6" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="6" data-block="" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <ul class="nav 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Careers in commercial and sales  </a> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="2" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="104c1785-ecc8-4538-aaeb-690288ce4e99" data-submenu="0" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <i class="borderH"></i> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="Careers in global functions" href="/careers/our-business-functions/careers-global-functions" > <i class="borderH"></i> Careers in global functions  </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="1" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="09fc83df-1014-4cbf-aa3e-45c264879f12" data-submenu="0" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <i class="borderH"></i> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="Why Novartis" href="/careers/why-novartis" > <i class="borderH"></i> Why Novartis  </a> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" data-level="1" 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data-width="6" data-block="polaris_careersmegamenu" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div class="megamenu-content-block"> <div id="block-polaris-careersmegamenu" data-block-plugin-id="block_content:9ac3acd1-d4a9-41d8-9213-78c78c042c9f" class="block-content-mega_menu"> <div class="section-image"> <img src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/image_mega_menu/public/2023-11/two-business-people-mega-menu.jpg.webp?itok=hwenfnKh" alt="Two business people" title="Two business people"/> </div> <div class="section-content"> <p>Careers</p> </div> <div class="section-description"> <p>Novartis is hiring! Find open positions, learn more about our strategy and culture, and apply today.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li single-item" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="34e92e3d-e329-4ef0-9873-3907b8078073" data-submenu="0" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <i class="borderH"></i> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="Clinical trials" href="/clinicaltrials" > <i class="borderH"></i> Clinical trials  </a> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li single-item" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" data-id="28151ec8-c498-463d-a049-b378d197fb22" data-submenu="0" data-group="0" data-class="" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target=""> <i class="borderH"></i> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="Partnering" href="/partnering" > <i class="borderH"></i> Partnering  </a> </li> <li class="we-mega-menu-li single-item" data-level="0" 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id="main-wrapper" class="layout-main-wrapper clearfix"> <div class="highlighted"> <div class="container section clearfix"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-header field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Header</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph slider_banner_custom paragraph--type--banner paragraph--view-mode--default left-alignment ppt-banner-variant mask_1"> <div id="paragraph--399006" class="carousel slide " data-interval="6000" data-bs-ride="carousel" data-pause="true" > <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="large_font ppt_width_image title-visible description-visible ppt-banner-variant mask_1_item carousel-item active left-alignment "> <div class="slider_inner--wrapper"> <div class="carousel_img_video_image"> <div class="banner-shape"></div> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/ppt_banner_desktop_large/public/2024-12/hcp-discussing-with-smilling-senior-patient-banner-v2.jpg.webp?itok=UcUSOxXb 1x" media="(min-width: 1441px)" type="image/webp" width="1085" height="1080"/> <source srcset="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/ppt_banner_desktop/public/2024-12/hcp-discussing-with-smilling-senior-patient-banner-v2.jpg.webp?itok=h79z6upN 1x" media="(min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="805" height="810"/> <source srcset="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/ppt_banner_tablet/public/2024-12/hcp-discussing-with-smilling-senior-patient-banner-v2.jpg.webp?itok=UznrqvfY 1x" media="(min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="425" height="432"/> <source srcset="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/ppt_banner_desktop_large/public/2024-12/hcp-discussing-with-smilling-senior-patient-banner-v2.jpg.webp?itok=UcUSOxXb 1x" media="(max-width: 499px)" type="image/webp" width="1085" height="1080"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/ppt_banner_desktop_large/public/2024-12/hcp-discussing-with-smilling-senior-patient-banner-v2.jpg.webp?itok=UcUSOxXb" width="1085" height="1080" alt="A healthcare professional and senior patient in a conversation using a tablet" title="A healthcare professional and senior patient in a conversation using a tablet" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="slider-content-right-full-bleed"> </div> </div> <div class="carousel_variant"> <div class="slider-content-left"> <div class="slider_inner--wrapper " > <h1 class="h1 " > Cardiovascular, renal and metabolic </h1> <p class="carousel_desc">Revolutionizing how the world tackles cardiovascular and renal disease</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="banner-scroll-arrows"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="row region region-hero-banner"> </section> <div class="container"> <div id="block-polaris-breadcrumbs" data-block-plugin-id="system_breadcrumb_block" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <div class="content"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb_custom_class"> <ol class="breadcrumb "> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/about">About</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/about/therapeutic-areas">Therapeutic areas</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://www.novartis.com/about/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular-renal-and-metabolic">Cardiovascular, renal and metabolic</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main" class="container-fluid custom_width"> <div class="row row-offcanvas row-offcanvas-left clearfix"> <div class="container"> <div class="main-content col order-last col-md-12 column-full" id="content"> <section class="section"> <div id="block-polaris-content" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <div about="/about/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular-renal-and-metabolic" class="node node--type-interior-page node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <header> </header> <div class="node__content clearfix"> <div class="page_content"> <div class="row content_middle"> <div class="col-sm-12 content_left_side"> <div class="arctic_intro_text "> <div class="field field--name-field-intro-text field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Transforming the treatment and healthcare system landscape using early interventions, pioneering treatments, and innovative partnerships to avoid preventable mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), the world’s biggest killer, and ease the burden for people living with rare and progressive kidney disease by extending dialysis-free life.</div> </div> <div class="field_body_txt "> <div class="field field--name-field-body field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text-content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-content field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Areas of focus</h2></div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--tab-content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs biography-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#tabheart-failure-210841">Heart Failure</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#tabatherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease-210846">Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#tabhigh-lipoprotein-a-210851">High lipoprotein (a)</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#tabiga-nephropathy-216396">IgA nephropathy</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#tabc3-glomerulopathy-216401">C3 glomerulopathy</a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content biography-tabs-content" id="myTabContent"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="tabheart-failure-210841" aria-labelledby="heart-failure-210841-tab"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--tab-content-fields paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-tab-body-text-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Heart failure is a chronic condition where the heart muscle responsible for the pumping action weakens or stiffens over time, leaving people feeling fatigued, short of breath and at risk of sudden cardiac death<sup>1</sup>. Without effective treatment, people with heart failure will get sicker every day<sup>1</sup>. There is a need to work together to better serve people with the treatments they need to manage their heart failure and empower them to gain a sense of control over their health<sup>1,2</sup>.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tabatherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease-210846" aria-labelledby="atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease-210846-tab"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--tab-content-fields paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-tab-body-text-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>ASCVD is the most common form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and includes cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes<sup>3,4</sup>. High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or “bad cholesterol”, in the blood increase the risk of ASCVD in many people<sup>3,4</sup>. Collaboration is vital to help solve the world’s biggest disease burdens like ASCVD by promoting the benefits of early detection and effective preventive treatment<sup>5</sup>.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tabhigh-lipoprotein-a-210851" aria-labelledby="high-lipoprotein-a-210851-tab"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--tab-content-fields paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-tab-body-text-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A genetic risk factor affecting 1 in 5 people worldwide causes high levels of a little-known type of low-density lipoprotein known as lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a)<sup>6</sup>. People with high Lp(a) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and every adult should be screened at least once in their lifetime through a simple blood test<sup>6</sup>. Understanding Lp(a) levels and associated risk can help patients and healthcare professionals have better conversations about improving heart health<sup>6,7</sup>.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tabiga-nephropathy-216396" aria-labelledby="iga-nephropathy-216396-tab"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--tab-content-fields paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-tab-body-text-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span>IgA nephropathy (IgAN)</span> is a progressive complement-mediated kidney disease that mostly effects young adults and is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure worldwide<sup>8</sup>. The early stages of IgAN are often asymptomatic, meaning many people are diagnosed when they have already experienced significant kidney damage<sup>9,10.</sup> The symptoms and complications of IgAN can severely undermine people’s physical and mental health, impair their ability to work and reduce their quality of life<sup>11-16.</sup></p><p><a class="button-border" href="/diseases/iga-nephropathy" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="712d2ef9-7233-4b45-a04a-1eb406eb45f2" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="IgA nephropathy">Learn more</a></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tabc3-glomerulopathy-216401" aria-labelledby="c3-glomerulopathy-216401-tab"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--tab-content-fields paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-tab-body-text-content field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>C3G glomerulopathy (C3G) is a complex and progressive rare complement-mediated kidney disease that affects people of all ages, starting in childhood and young adulthood.<sup>17-20</sup> Each year, approximately 1-2 new cases of C3G per million people are diagnosed worldwide.<sup>17</sup> Many people with complement-mediated kidney diseases may progress to kidney failure, requiring lifelong dialysis or a kidney transplant.<sup>21</sup> The emotional, physical, and social effects of C3G can have a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life.<sup>22</sup> Unfortunately, kidney transplants have limited success, with C3G returning for over 55% of people.<sup>23-26</sup></p><p><a class="button-border" href="/diseases/c3-glomerulopathy" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="fe434a0f-0277-4eed-b2c6-1d2adc6f4bbd" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="C3 glomerulopathy">Learn more</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--media-release paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container"> <h2 class="media_release_main_title " > Latest news </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-media-releases-list field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="media-releases-container"> <div class="media-releases-list row media-releases-list_inner"> <a href="/news/media-releases/novartis-investigational-atrasentan-phase-iii-study-demonstrates-clinically-meaningful-and-highly-statistically-significant-proteinuria-reduction-patients-iga-nephropathy-igan" class="media-releases-item col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12"> <div class="media_meta_content_wrapper"> <p class="meta_content">Oct 30, 2023</p> <ul class="meta_content"><li> Media Release</li></ul> </div> <h3> Novartis investigational atrasentan Phase III study demonstrates clinically meaningful and highly statistically significant proteinuria reduction in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN)</h3> </a> <a href="/news/media-releases/novartis-investigational-iptacopan-phase-iii-study-demonstrates-clinically-meaningful-and-highly-statistically-significant-proteinuria-reduction-patients-iga-nephropathy-igan" class="media-releases-item col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12"> <div class="media_meta_content_wrapper"> <p class="meta_content">Oct 02, 2023</p> <ul class="meta_content"><li> Media Release</li></ul> </div> <h3> Novartis investigational iptacopan Phase III study demonstrates clinically meaningful and highly statistically significant proteinuria reduction in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN)</h3> </a> <a href="/news/media-releases/novartis-presents-new-long-term-leqvio-inclisiran-data-demonstrating-consistent-efficacy-and-safety-beyond-six-years" class="media-releases-item col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-12"> <div class="media_meta_content_wrapper"> <p class="meta_content">Aug 28, 2023</p> <ul class="meta_content"><li> Media Release</li></ul> </div> <h3> Novartis presents new long-term Leqvio® (inclisiran) data demonstrating consistent efficacy and safety beyond six years</h3> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="link_button_wrapper"> <a class="button_text element_margin link_button" href="/news/news-archive" title="View more" >View more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="enable-zoom paragraph paragraph--type--cards paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-type field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-columns-1-2-and-1-2-card paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row common-card-wrapper"> <a href ="/news/media-library/cardiovascular-disease-numbers" class="card_wrapper card_base col-md-6 image_yes" target="_self"> <div class="card_type_full card_image_video"> <div class="card_img"> <div class="video-content"> </div> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img class="img img-fluid" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/cards_50_50/public/2023-10/men-hand-holding-a-pen.jpg.webp?itok=_b3fCSPx" alt="Men working on a document" title="Men working on a document" width="1000" height="818" /> </div> </div> <div class="card_content"> <h3 class="card_title " > Cardiovascular disease – By the Numbers </h3> <p class="basic_paragraph">Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Investment in heart health has declined for decades.</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href ="/diseases/rare-kidney-diseases" class="card_wrapper card_base col-md-6 image_yes" target="_self"> <div class="card_type_full card_image_video"> <div class="card_img"> <div class="video-content"> </div> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img class="img img-fluid" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/cards_50_50/public/2022-03/a-woman-goes-for-a-walk.jpg.webp?itok=W26Dg9DE" alt="Kidney disease patient walks to her appointment with her" title="A woman goes for a walk" width="5760" height="3840" /> </div> </div> <div class="card_content"> <h3 class="card_title " > Kidney disease </h3> <p class="basic_paragraph">The kidneys play a vital role in keeping us healthy, and often it is only when something goes wrong that we realize just how important our kidneys are.</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="enable-zoom paragraph paragraph--type--media-content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row background_white text_clr_black text-on-left-side"> <div class="col-lg-6 order-lg-2 media_stripe_img"> <div class="image-inner"> <img class="img img-fluid" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/cta_image/public/2021-09/no-filter-updated-hero-art.jpg.webp?itok=VnY5zwhr" alt="A kidney patient is smiling at the camera." title="Meet Gisela, a kidney disease patient." /> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 order-lg-1 media_stripe_text"> <h2 class="stripe_title " > New hope for treating inflammatory diseases of the kidney </h2> <p class="stripe_subtitle"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-media-content-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Novartis researchers aim to preserve kidney function – and quality of life – for patients.</p></div> </p> <div class="grid_class_cta_wrapper grid_class_button_wrapper "> <div class="field field--name-field-button-text-and-url field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="/stories/new-hope-treating-inflammatory-diseases-kidney" target="_self" title="Learn more" >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="enable-zoom paragraph paragraph--type--in-this-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container"> <div class="row paragraph-stripe-section no-video"> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph-stripe-left"> <div class="content-whole"> <h2 class="h2 " > Resource links </h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-12 link"> <div class="field field--name-field-link-buttons field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="/research-development/novartis-pipeline?search_api_fulltext=&field_therapeutic_area%5B0%5D=2936" target="_self" title="Pipeline" >Pipeline</a> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="/about/products?search_api_fulltext=cardiovascular&sort_by=title&sort_order=ASC" target="_self" title="Products" >Products</a> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="/clinicaltrials/study" target="_self" title="Clinical trials" >Clinical trials</a> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="/healthcare-professionals/investigator-initiated-trials-studies-clinical-and-investigator-initiated-research-non-clinical" target="_self" title="Investigator Initiated Trials" >Investigator Initiated Trials</a> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="https://invisiblenation.com/" target="_blank" title="Invisible Nation" >Invisible Nation</a> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="cta-teaser button-teaser mb-3 mt-3"> <a class="link_button button_text" href="https://www.chinooktx.com/" target="_blank" title="Chinook Therapeutics" >Chinook Therapeutics</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text-content paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-content field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Events and scientific meetings</h2><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>ACC</strong></td><td>American College of Cardiology</td><td><a href="https://www.acc.org/" target="_blank">https://www.acc.org/</a> </td></tr><tr><td><strong>AHA</strong></td><td>American Heart Association</td><td><a href="https://www.heart.org/">https://www.heart.org/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ESC</strong></td><td>European Society of Cardiology</td><td><a href="https://www.escardio.org/">https://www.escardio.org/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ESC-HF</strong></td><td>European Society of Cardiology – Heart Failure</td><td><a href="https://www.escardio.org/Sub-specialty-communities/Heart-Failure-Association-of-the-ESC-(HFA)" target="_blank">https://www.escardio.org/Sub-specialty-communities/Heart-Failure-Association-of-the-ESC-(HFA)</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>WCC</strong></td><td>World Congress of Cardiology</td><td><a href="https://world-heart-federation.org/world-congress-of-cardiology/">https://world-heart-federation.org/world-congress-of-cardiology/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>EAS</strong></td><td>European Atherosclerosis Society</td><td><a href="https://eas-society.org/">https://eas-society.org/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>WCN</strong></td><td>World Congress of Nephrology</td><td><a href="https://www.theisn.org/in-action/events/world-congress-of-nephrology/">https://www.theisn.org/in-action/events/world-congress-of-nephrology/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ERA-EDTA</strong></td><td>European Renal Association</td><td><a href="https://www.era-online.org/">https://www.era-online.org/</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>ASN</strong></td><td>American Society of Nephrology</td><td><a href="https://www.asn-online.org/">https://www.asn-online.org/</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="enable-zoom bggrey paragraph full-screen-width paragraph--type--cards paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container"> <h2 class="paragraph_title " > Other therapeutic areas </h2> <div class="field field--name-field-card-type field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-columns-equal-size-card-stripe paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="row common-card-wrapper"> <a href ="/about/therapeutic-areas/immunology" class="card_wrapper card_base col-md-6 col-lg-4 image_yes" target="_self"> <div class="card_type_full card_image_video"> <div class="card_img"> <div class="video-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-col1 field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> </div> </div> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img class="img img-fluid" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/cards_1_3/public/2023-11/hcp-taking-patient-blood-pressure-card.jpg.webp?itok=A7_pYPsj" alt="A healthcare professional taking the blood pressure of a female patient" title="A healthcare professional taking the blood pressure of a female patient" width="1000" height="598" /> </div> </div> <div class="card_content"> <h3 class="card_title " > Immunology </h3> <p class="basic_paragraph">Working to create a world where the millions of people with immunological conditions, and those who treat them, can live without compromise.</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href ="/about/therapeutic-areas/neuroscience" class="card_wrapper card_base col-md-6 col-lg-4 image_yes" target="_self"> <div class="card_type_full card_image_video"> <div class="card_img"> <div class="video-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-col2 field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> </div> </div> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img class="img img-fluid" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/cards_1_3/public/2023-11/nurse-patient-exchanging-warm-moment-card.jpg.webp?itok=l25KXwft" alt="A nurse and patient engaged in a hug" title="A nurse and patient engaged in a hug" width="1000" height="598" /> </div> </div> <div class="card_content"> <h3 class="card_title " > Neuroscience </h3> <p class="basic_paragraph">Creating a transformational impact for people living with severe neurological conditions and their caregivers by discovering, developing and delivering innovative medicines that change the course of disease progression.</p> </div> </div> </a> <a href ="/about/therapeutic-areas/oncology" class="card_wrapper card_base col-md-6 col-lg-4 image_yes" target="_self"> <div class="card_type_full card_image_video"> <div class="card_img"> <div class="video-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-col3 field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> </div> </div> <div class="img-wrapper"> <img class="img img-fluid" src="/sites/novartis_com/files/styles/cards_1_3/public/2023-11/doctor-patient-interacting-medical-results-card.jpg.webp?itok=TGNeNyV1" alt="A doctor and patient discussing medical results on a tablet" title="A doctor and patient discussing medical results on a tablet" width="1000" height="598" /> </div> </div> <div class="card_content"> <h3 class="card_title " > Oncology </h3> <p class="basic_paragraph">Combining the power of science and empathy to unravel the inner workings of cancer and develop innovative therapies that restore hope to those with cancer and their loved ones.</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content_bottom"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-legend field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>References:</p><ol><li>National Health Services (NHS). 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Accessed September 2023. <a class="ck-anchor" id="https://hri.org.au/health/learn/cardiovascular-disease/atherosclerosis-causes-and-risk-factors" name="https://hri.org.au/health/learn/cardiovascular-disease/atherosclerosis-causes-and-risk-factors">https://hri.org.au/health/learn/cardiovascular-disease/atherosclerosis-causes-and-risk-factors</a></li><li>McClellan M, Brown N, Califf RM, Warner JJ. Call to Action: Urgent Challenges in Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(9):e44-e54.</li><li>Wilson DP, Jacobson TA, Jones PH, et al. Use of Lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice: A biomarker whose time has come. A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13(3):374-392.</li><li>Marcovina, S. M., & Shapiro, M. D. (2022). Measurement of Lipoprotein(a): A Once in a Lifetime Opportunity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 79(7), 629–631. <a class="ck-anchor" id="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.053" name="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.053">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.053</a></li><li><span>Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, et al. KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100(4):S1-S276. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.021. </span></li><li><span>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. IgA nephropathy. Available at: </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/iga-nephropathy.*20Accessed*20September*202023__;JSUl!!N96JrnIq8IfO5w!iR-GWkKnQjeXrCjqf5oggl_7ICBMBouedeIwyBJLBscx23ZqAyGpbiyKmfMbOAKGhbk9yf0m88CrwHOj3AKgv1hqghXdKFCpYG3vdyes6Oer$" title="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/iga-nephropathy.*20Accessed*20September*202023__;JSUl!!N96JrnIq8IfO5w!iR-GWkKnQjeXrCjqf5oggl_7ICBMBouedeIwyBJLBscx23ZqAyGpbiyKmfMbOAKGhbk9yf0m88CrwHOj3AKgv1hqghXdKFCpYG3vdyes6Oer$"><span>https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/iga-nephropathy. 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BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:34. </li><li>Zhao Y, Chen YP, Wu YQ, Bao BY, Fan H. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(1):300060519898008.</li><li>Hallab A, Wish JB. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(2):203-204.</li><li>Kutner NG, Zhang R, Huang Y, Johansen KL. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(11):2040-2045.</li><li>Nie Y, Witten B, Schatell D, et al. Clin Kidney J. 2019;13(3):434-441. </li><li>Couser WG, Remuzzi G, Mendis S, Tonelli M. Kidney Int. 2011;80(12):1258-1270. </li><li>Pereira BDS, Fernandes NDS, de Melo NP, Abrita R, Grincenkov FRDS, Fernandes NMDS. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):74.</li><li>Schena FP, Esposito P, Rossini M. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(2):525.</li><li>Smith RJ, Alexander J, Barlow PN, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(9):2447-2456.</li><li>Martin B, Smith RJH. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Updated 2018. University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2022.</li><li>Medjeral-Thomas NR, O’Shaughnessy MM, O’Regan JA, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(1):46-53.</li><li>National Kidney Foundation. Kidney Disease: The Basics. Available at: <a href="https://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/fsindex" target="_blank">https://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/fsindex</a>. Accessed December 6, 2023.</li><li>National Kidney Foundation. The Voice of the Patient 2018</li><li>Servais A, Noël LH, Roumenina LT, et al. Kidney Int. 2012;82(4):454-464.</li><li>Zand L, Lorenz EC, Cosio FG, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(5):1110-1117.</li><li>Regunathan-Shenk R, Avasare RS, Ahn W, et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(3):316-323.</li><li>Caravaca-Fontán F, Polanco N, Villacorta B, et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(1):222-235.</li></ol><p> </p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="featured-bottom"> <div class="container clearfix"> <section class="row region region-featured-bottom-first"> <div id="block-polaris-addtoanybuttons" data-block-plugin-id="addtoany_block" class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block"> <h2>AddToAny buttons</h2> <div class="content"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.novartis.com/about/therapeutic-areas/cardiovascular-renal-and-metabolic" data-a2a-title="Cardiovascular, renal and metabolic"><a class="addtoany_share" tabindex="0" aria-label="Share" title="Share">Share</a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" tabindex="0" aria-label="Post" title="X formerly known as Twitter">Post</a><a class="a2a_button_facebook" tabindex="0" aria-label="Facebook" title="Facebook">Share</a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp" tabindex="0" aria-label="Whatsapp" 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