Eirene

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border-radius: var(--border-radius-small);" class="px-3 pt-3"><dl class="databaseKeywords small row mb-4"><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-entryType"><span class="translation_de">Eintragstyp</span><span class="translation_en">Entry Type</span></dt><dd class="col-sm-9 keyword_metadata database-entryType"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbType" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbType~Person">Person</a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-entryLanguage"><span class="translation_de">Eintragssprache</span><span class="translation_en">Entry Language</span></dt><dd class="col-sm-9 keyword_metadata database-entryLanguage"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbEntry_Language" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbEntry_Language~Deutsch%20%2F%20German"><span class="translation_de">Deutsch</span><span class="translation_en">German</span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordPersonenkennziffer ">Personenkennziffer</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordPersonenkennziffer keyword_metadata"><div class="body">1439/corr.</div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordNamensvariante ">Namensvariante</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordNamensvariante keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPerson" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPerson~Pardo%20%28Beiname%29">Pardo (Beiname)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPerson" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPerson~Thyas%20%28Beiname%29">Thyas (Beiname)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPerson" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPerson~Athenaia%20%28Herkunftsbezeichnung%29">Athenaia (Herkunftsbezeichnung)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPerson" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPerson~Chirini%20%28lat.%29">Chirini (lat.)</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordKlerusLaie ">Klerus / Laie</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordKlerusLaie keyword_metadata"><div class="body">Laie</div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordGeschlecht ">Geschlecht</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordGeschlecht keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbGender" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbGender~Frau">Frau</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordZeit ">Zeit</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordZeit keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPeriod" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPeriod~8.%20Jh.">8. Jh.</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordErsteErwähnung ">Erste Erwähnung</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordErsteErwähnung keyword_metadata"><div class="body">769</div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordTitelBeruf ">Titel / Beruf</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordTitelBeruf keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbOccupation" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbOccupation~Basilissa">Basilissa</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbOccupation" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbOccupation~Augusta">Augusta</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbOccupation" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbOccupation~Basileus">Basileus</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordNamenormalisiert ">Name normalisiert</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordNamenormalisiert keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPerson" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPerson~Eirene">Eirene</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordOrt ">Ort</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordOrt keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Athen%20%28Hellas%29">Athen (Hellas)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Apostelkirche%20%28Kpl.%29">Apostelkirche (Kpl.)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Eleutheriospalast%20%28Kpl.%29">Eleutheriospalast (Kpl.)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Frankenreich">Frankenreich</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Langobardenreich">Langobardenreich</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Sizilien">Sizilien</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Chrysopolis%20%28Bithynien%29">Chrysopolis (Bithynien)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Kalifat">Kalifat</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Unteritalien">Unteritalien</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Markellai">Markellai</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Bulgarien">Bulgarien</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Prinkipo%20%28Prinzeninsel%29">Prinkipo (Prinzeninsel)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Prinzeninseln">Prinzeninseln</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Lesbos%20%28Insel%29">Lesbos (Insel)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbPlace" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbPlace~Heroon%20Justinians%20%28Kpl.%29">Heroon Justinians (Kpl.)</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-furtherKeywordQuelle ">Quelle</dt><dd class="col-sm-9 view_more_ellipsis database-furtherKeywordQuelle keyword_metadata"><div class="body"><a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~ZV">ZV</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Niceph.%20patriarch.%20%28BHG%201335%29">Vita Niceph. patriarch. (BHG 1335)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Scriptor%20inc.">Scriptor inc.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Nicet.%20Medic.%20%28BHG%201341%29">Vita Nicet. Medic. (BHG 1341)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Chronicon%20Bruxellense">Chronicon Bruxellense</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Nicet.%20Medic.%20%28BHG%201342%29">Vita Nicet. Medic. (BHG 1342)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theod.%20Stud.%2C%20Ep.">Theod. Stud., Ep.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Mansi">Mansi</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Kleinchroniken">Kleinchroniken</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theophanes">Theophanes</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Irenae%20imp.%20%28BHG%202205%29">Vita Irenae imp. (BHG 2205)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Epistula%20ad%20Theophilum%20%28BHG%201387%29">Epistula ad Theophilum (BHG 1387)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Synax.%20Cpl.">Synax. Cpl.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Symeon%20log.">Symeon log.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Leon%20gr.">Leon gr.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theod.%20mel">Theod. mel</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Zonaras">Zonaras</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Symeon%20sl.">Symeon sl.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Kedrenos">Kedrenos</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theoph.%20cont.">Theoph. cont.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Epistula%20synodica%20ad%20Theophilum%20imp.%20%28BHG%201386%29">Epistula synodica ad Theophilum imp. (BHG 1386)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Skylitzes">Skylitzes</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Ps.-Symeon">Ps.-Symeon</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Liber%20Pont.">Liber Pont.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Chronicon%20Altinate">Chronicon Altinate</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Photios%2C%20Epp.%20%28Laourdas%E2%80%93Westerink%29">Photios, Epp. (Laourdas–Westerink)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theod.%20Skut.">Theod. Skut.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Petros%20v.%20Alexandreia">Petros v. Alexandreia</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Peri%20Metatheseon">Peri Metatheseon</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Chronicon%20Vulturnense">Chronicon Vulturnense</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Genesios">Genesios</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Georg.%20mon.%20cont.%20%28Muralt%29">Georg. mon. cont. (Muralt)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~al-Mas%E2%80%98%C5%ABdi%2C%20Avertissement">al-Mas‘ūdi, Avertissement</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~al-Mas%E2%80%98udi%2C%20Prairies%20d%27or">al-Mas‘udi, Prairies d'or</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theod.%20Stud.%2C%20Laud.%20Plat.%20%28BHG%201553%29">Theod. Stud., Laud. Plat. (BHG 1553)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Michael%20syr.">Michael syr.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Fuldenses">Annales Fuldenses</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~%C5%81ewond%20-%20Ghevond">Łewond - Ghevond</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Ioannis%20Gotth.%20%28BHG%20891%29">Vita Ioannis Gotth. (BHG 891)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Nikephoros">Nikephoros</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Men.%20Basilii">Men. Basilii</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20C%20Theod.%20Stud.%20%28BHG%201755d%29">Vita C Theod. Stud. (BHG 1755d)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~MGH%2C%20Epp.">MGH, Epp.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20B%20Theod.%20Stud.%20%28BHG%201754%29">Vita B Theod. Stud. (BHG 1754)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Gray%20Birch">Gray Birch</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Konst.%20Porph.%2C%20DAI">Konst. Porph., DAI</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Typicon%20Mateos">Typicon Mateos</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Konstantinos%20v.%20Tios%2C%20Encomium%20Euphemiae%20%28BHG%20621%29">Konstantinos v. Tios, Encomium Euphemiae (BHG 621)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Kirakos">Kirakos</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Ioannic.%20%28Sabas%3B%20BHG%20935%29">Vita Ioannic. (Sabas; BHG 935)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20A%20Theod.%20Stud.%20%28BHG%201755%29">Vita A Theod. Stud. (BHG 1755)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Georg.%20Amastr.%20%28BHG%20668%29">Vita Georg. Amastr. (BHG 668)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Mettenses">Annales Mettenses</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Irenae%20Chrysobalanton%20%28BHG%20952%29">Vita Irenae Chrysobalanton (BHG 952)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Ioannis%20Psicha%C3%AFtae%20%28BHG%20896%29">Vita Ioannis Psichaïtae (BHG 896)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Kanones%20Deusdedit">Kanones Deusdedit</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Licha%C4%8Dev%2C%20Nekotorye">Lichačev, Nekotorye</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Bar%20Hebraeus">Bar Hebraeus</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Samuel%20v.%20Ani">Samuel v. Ani</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Synodicon%20vetus">Synodicon vetus</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Poeta%20Saxo">Poeta Saxo</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~a%E1%B9%AD-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB">aṭ-Ṭabarī</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Libri%20Carolini">Libri Carolini</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Einhardi">Annales Einhardi</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Nikephoros%2C%20Refutatio">Nikephoros, Refutatio</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Lobienses">Annales Lobienses</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Typika%20Dmitrievskij">Typika Dmitrievskij</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Theophyl.%20Nicomed.">Vita Theophyl. Nicomed.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Ioannic.%2C%20Metaphr.%20%28BHG%20937%29">Vita Ioannic., Metaphr. (BHG 937)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Chronik%20v.%201234">Chronik v. 1234</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Bacchi%20%28BHG%20209%29">Vita Bacchi (BHG 209)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Glykas">Glykas</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Nikephoros%2C%20Antirrhetikoi">Nikephoros, Antirrhetikoi</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Xantenses">Annales Xantenses</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Makarios%20Makres%20%28BHG%20622%29">Makarios Makres (BHG 622)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Ps.-Symeon%20%28Cod.%20Paris.%201712%29">Ps.-Symeon (Cod. Paris. 1712)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Miraculum%20imaginis%20Deiparae%20Chalcoprat.%20%28BHG%201075e%29">Miraculum imaginis Deiparae Chalcoprat. (BHG 1075e)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Chronik%20v.%20813">Chronik v. 813</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Patria">Patria</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Konst.%20Porph.%2C%20De%20cerim.">Konst. Porph., De cerim.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~De%20Schismate">De Schismate</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Gesta%20episc.%20Neapol.">Gesta episc. Neapol.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Kit%C4%81b%20al-%E2%80%98Uy%C5%ABn">Kitāb al-‘Uyūn</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Theodoros%20Bestos%20%28BHG%20624%29">Theodoros Bestos (BHG 624)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Ignatios%2C%20Epp.">Ignatios, Epp.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Nikephoros%2C%20Chron.%20synt.">Nikephoros, Chron. synt.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Lauresham.">Annales Lauresham.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~De%20templo%20B.%20M.%20V.%20%CF%84%E1%BF%86%CF%82%20%CE%A0%CE%B7%CE%B3%E1%BF%86%CF%82%20et%20miraculis%20%28BHG%201072%29">De templo B. M. V. τῆς Πηγῆς et miraculis (BHG 1072)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Inscriptions%20%28Spieser%29">Inscriptions (Spieser)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20Guelferbytani">Annales Guelferbytani</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Annales%20regni%20Francorum">Annales regni Francorum</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Johannes%20diaconus%2C%20Cronaca%20Veneziana">Johannes diaconus, Cronaca Veneziana</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Inschriften%20%28Djuri%C4%87%E2%80%93Tsitouridou%29">Inschriften (Djurić–Tsitouridou)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Vita%20Philareti%20%28BHG%201511z%29">Vita Philareti (BHG 1511z)</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Michaelis%20Balbi%20et%20Theophili%20impp.%20ep">Michaelis Balbi et Theophili impp. ep</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Landmauer%20Kpl">Landmauer Kpl</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Psellos%2C%20Historia%20Syntomos">Psellos, Historia Syntomos</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Nikephoros%20Kallistos%2C%20Catal.%20patriarch.">Nikephoros Kallistos, Catal. patriarch.</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Catalogue%2C%20Byzantine%20Coins">Catalogue, Byzantine Coins</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Grierson%2C%20Coins">Grierson, Coins</a>; <a class="ga_databaseentry_keyword_dbSource" href="/database/pmbz/search?query=*&documentTypeFacet=databaseEntry&keywordTypesAndValues=dbSource~Morrisson%20II">Morrisson II</a></div><a class="print-hidden control"><span class="translation_en small"></span><span class="translation_de small"></span></a></dd></dl></div><div class="body"> <p> <strong>Achtung: Dieses Lemma enthält inhaltliche Veränderungen zur Person gegenüber der gedruckten Fassung.</strong> </p> <p> <strong>N:</strong> Schimpfnamen: Pardo — Παρδώ und Thyas — Θυάς (Theoph. cont. I 15, p. 26,22 – 27,1; Genesios I 13, p.11,29; Skylitzes 14,55-74; Chronicon Brux. 32,10: Παρδοῦ); Beiname: Athenaia (Nikephoros, Chron. synt. 105,18); (?) lat.: <em>Chirini</em> (Chronicon Altinate).</p> <p> <strong>T:</strong> Basilissa (Theophanes 444,23); Augusta (Nikephoros 77,11; aṭ-Ṭabarī (Yar-Shater XXX) 168 [647]); Basileus: Εἰρήνη πιστὸς βασιλεύς (Novellen Eirenes, ed. Burgmann, in: FM IV (1981) 16,2).</p> <p> <strong>V:</strong> Ob Eirene, wie in der Forschung allgemein angenommen, tatsächlich aus Athen stammte, läßt sich aus den Quellen heraus nicht mehr entscheiden <strong>(1)</strong>. Sie wird zum ersten Mal überhaupt anläßlich ihrer Hochzeit mit Leon IV. 769 erwähnt, als sie zu Schiff, von Athen her kommend, am 1. November in Konstantinopel eintraf und in einer Reihe von Festlichkeiten mit dem damaligen Mitkaiser Leon (IV.) verlobt und anschließend zur Augusta gekrönt wurde. Am 17. Dezember fand die Hochzeit statt <strong>(2)</strong>. Während der Regierungszeit ihres Gatten Leon IV. findet Eirene in den Quellen nur zweimal Erwähnung: zuerst anläßlich ihrer Teilnahme an den Feierlichkeiten, die die Krönung ihres Sohnes Konstantin VI. begleiteten <strong>(3)</strong>, und zum zweiten Mal anläßlich ihrer angeblichen Verwicklung in eine Verschwörung gegen Leon IV. im Jahre 780, die in den späteren Quellen bis zu der – mit Sicherheit falschen – Behauptung geführt hat, daß Eirene der Bilderverehrung angehangen und sogar Ikonen unter ihrem Kopfkissen versteckt habe <strong>(4)</strong>.</p> <p> <strong>Regierungszeit:</strong> Nach dem Tode Leons IV. führte Eirene die Regentschaftsregierung (8.9.780 – Frühjahr 790) für ihren noch unmündigen Sohn Konstantin VI. Als Konstantin gegen Ende der achtziger Jahre Ambitionen auf eine eigene Herrschaft zu entwickeln begann, versuchte Eirene ihn abzusetzen und sich selbst als alleinige Herrscherin akklamieren zu lassen. Jedoch stieß dies auf den Widerstand vor allem der Thementruppen, so daß sie 791 zurücktreten und Konstantin die Herrschaft überlassen mußte. Sie wurde im Eleutheriospalast in Konstantinopel unter Hausarrest gestellt. 792 erhielt sie den Titel einer (Mit)kaiserin zurück, ohne allerdings einen realen Anteil an der Herrschaft zu besitzen. Am 15. August 797 stürzte sie Konstantin VI. und regierte jetzt als tatsächliche Alleinherrscherin (“Eirene Basileus”), bis sie am 31.10.802 von Nikephoros I. gestürzt wurde <strong>(5)</strong>.</p> <p> <strong>Außenpolitik:</strong> Gegenüber den Franken verfolgte Eirene eine auf Ausgleich bedachte Politik, hierin möglicherweise entsprechenden Ansätzen Leons IV. folgend. Im Laufe der damit einhergehenden Verhandlungen wurde eine Heirat zwischen Konstantin VI. und der Tochter Karls des Großen, Rothrud (s. Erythro: <a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12710/html" class="link link-book-part"># 1606</a>), vereinbart. Hintergrund dieser Einigung dürften die Schwierigkeiten gewesen sein, die beide Reiche mit den Langobarden in Mittelitalien hatten. Für Byzanz ergab sich als Nebeneffekt, daß bei einem größeren Aufstand in Sizilien, der im Frühjahr 781 ausbrach, auf diese Weise die Franken als potentielle Helfer ausgeschaltet wurden, so daß Konstantinopel den Aufstand relativ leicht, wenn auch unter Einsatz größerer Truppenzahlen, unterdrücken konnte. Der Prätendent (Elpidios: <a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12616/html" class="link link-book-part"># 1515</a>) floh zu den Arabern.</p> <p>Dennoch wirkte sich dieser Aufstand auch im Osten des Reiches negativ aus, da die nach Sizilien entsandten Truppen in Kleinasien fehlten, als die Araber unter Hārūn ar-Rašīd (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ13656/html" class="link link-book-part"># 2541</a>) 782 mit einer großen Armee nach West- und Nordwestkleinasien einfielen, bis Chrysopolis vordrangen und nur mit einem kostenreichen Tributfrieden zufriedengestellt werden konnten, der aber immerhin für knapp drei Jahre Frieden bot, den Byzanz zu einem Vorstoß des Staurakios (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ18097/html" class="link link-book-part"># 6880</a>) 783 auf dem Balkan ausnutzte, ohne dort freilich substantielle Gewinne zu erzielen.</p> <p>Ab 785 kam es zu erneuten Kämpfen zwischen Byzanz und dem Kalifat, während es auf dem Balkan zunächst friedlich geblieben zu sein scheint. Freilich taten sich jetzt Risse in dem fränkisch-byzantinischen Bündnis auf, die daraus resultierten, daß die Franken ihre Schwierigkeiten nördlich der Alpen überwunden hatten und sich stärker auf die Durchsetzung ihrer Interessen in Mittel- und Süditalien konzentrieren konnten, was das Bündnis mit Byzanz zu einem natürlichen Ende brachte. Die Verlobung wurde aufgehoben – wahrscheinlich durch die Franken –, und es kam in den folgenden Jahren zu militärischen Auseinandersetzungen, in denen Byzanz den kürzeren zog.</p> <p>Während der Alleinherrschaft Konstantins VI. scheint es in Italien relativ ruhig geblieben zu sein. Ebenso hielten sich die Kämpfe mit den Arabern im Rahmen. Dafür erlitt Konstantin VI. 792 bei Markellai gegen die Bulgaren eine schwere Niederlage.</p> <p>Als Eirene im August 797 wieder an die Macht kam, suchte sie gegenüber den äußeren Feinden zu einem Ausgleich zu kommen. Verhandlungen mit den Arabern und Bulgaren wurden geführt, deren Ausgang zwar nicht mehr genau zu rekonstruieren ist, die aber zu Friedensschlüssen oder zumindest zu einem Rückgang der Feindseligkeiten geführt zu haben scheinen. Ähnliches gilt für Italien und die Franken. Der Rückgang des byzantinischen Einflusses in diesem Raum zeigt sich dann freilich in der Krönung Karls des Großen (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ14775/html" class="link link-book-part"># 3628</a>) zum Kaiser am Weihnachtsfest 800 in Rom, die Byzanz nicht verhindern konnte. Der von Theophanes kolportierte Plan einer Heirat zwischen Karl und Eirene 801/02 dürfte allerdings bestenfalls Hofklatsch gewesen sein.</p> <p> <strong>Innen- und Kirchenpolitik:</strong> Über die Innenpolitik Eirenes sind mangels diesbezüglicher Informationen in den Quellen keine Aussagen möglich. Als sie nach 797 allein regierte, ermäßigte sie einige Zollabgaben für die Einwohner Konstantinopels, aber ob dies auf eine durchdachte Wirtschaftspolitik zurückzuführen ist oder doch nur einen Versuch darstellte, ihre labile Herrschaft durch solche Zugeständnisse abzusichern, läßt sich nicht mehr entscheiden. Im Bereich der Kirchenpolitik hingegen steht die Bedeutung ihrer Regierungszeit außer Frage. Das 7. Ökumenische Konzil 787 in Nikaia beendete die erste Phase des Ikonoklasmus und bedeutete die Aussöhnung der Kirche von Konstantinopel mit den anderen ökumenischen Patriarchaten und dem Papsttum. Über die Gründe für den Kurswechsel nach etlichen Jahrzehnten Ikonoklasmus sind wir nicht unterrichtet. Hingegen scheint festzustehen, daß das Konzil seit 784 vorbereitet worden ist. Bereits der Rücktritt und Tod des Patriarchen Paulos IV. (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ17011/html" class="link link-book-part"># 5820</a>) scheint in dieser Hinsicht propagandistisch genutzt worden zu sein. Der neue Patriarch Tarasios (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ18463/html" class="link link-book-part"># 7235</a>), allem Anschein nach ein persönlicher Vertrauter Eirenes, trat schon mit der Prämisse an, ein Ökumenisches Konzil durchzuführen, das den Ikonoklasmus beenden sollte. Ein erster Versuch 786 in Konstantinopel scheiterte allerdings am Widerstand vor allem der Soldaten der Tagmata, die die Versammlung sprengten, ohne aber die kaiserliche Regierung direkt anzugreifen. So konnte das Konzil ein Jahr später in Nikaia erneut zusammentreten und dort, wie nicht anders zu erwarten, den Ikonoklasmus als Häresie verurteilen.</p> <p>Zweifellos war dies der größte Erfolg der Herrschaft Eirenes, deren Regierungszeit sonst kaum größere Höhepunkte aufweist. In dem moichianischen Schisma ein knappes Jahrzehnt später scheint sie sich nicht engagiert zu haben. Jedenfalls kennen wir keine Maßnahmen gegen Theodote (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ19150/html" class="link link-book-part"># 7899</a>), die zweite Frau ihres Sohnes, deren Ehe erst unter Kaiser Nikephoros I. nachträglich aufgelöst wurde, was gleichfalls dafür spricht, daß Eirene nicht aktiv gegen Theodote vorgegangen ist. Im Gegenteil behauptet der Chronist Theophanes sogar, daß sie ihren Sohn zur Trennung von Maria ermutigte, um auf diese Weise seine Position zu schwächen. Dies dürfte allerdins eine Interpretation ex eventu sein.</p> <p> <strong>Sonstiges:</strong> Das größte Problem Eirenes scheint von Anfang an ihre labile Stellung gewesen zu sein. Die Regentschaft und dann sogar die Alleinherrschaft einer Frau waren in Byzanz höchst ungewöhnlich <strong>(6)</strong>. Hinzu kam die Opposition eines Teils der Herrscherfamilie, die einen der jüngeren Söhne Konstantins V. als Regenten, wenn nicht sogar als Kaiser, vorgezogen hätte. So hatte Eirene von vornherein Probleme, ihre Herrschaft durchzusetzen, und ihre Regierung scheint zu keiner Zeit wirklich sicher, unangefochten und durchsetzungsstark gewesen zu sein. Ebenso dürfte es zweifelhaft sein, ob sie und ihre Berater immer vorausschauend genug waren und eine glückliche Hand hatten. Schon 782 mußte sie trotz angeblich günstiger Umstände einem Tributfrieden mit den Arabern zustimmen, 786 kam es bei der Vorbereitung des 7. Ökumenischen Konzils zu einer eklatanten Fehleinschätzung der Kräfteverhältnisse, die leicht zum Sturz der Regierung hätte führen können, und 787 versetzte die Auflösung des Verlöbnisses Konstantins VI. mit Rothrud, der Tochter Karls des Großen, die wahrscheinlich von Karl ausging, der Reputation ihrer Regierung einen weiteren schweren Schlag. Daß Eirenes Durchsetzungskraft tatsächlich mehr oder weniger auf Konstantinopel begrenzt war und daß sie vor allem nicht die Armee unter ihrer Kontrolle zu halten vermochte, zeigte sich dann 790, als sie – in einer eindeutigen Überschreitung ihrer Befugnisse als Regentin – versuchte, den unterdessen volljährigen Konstantin VI. von der Macht fernzuhalten, was einen Aufstand der Armee provozierte und sie schließlich zum Rücktritt zugunsten ihres Sohnes zwang. Damit war ihre aktive Rolle zunächst beendet, auch wenn Konstantin ihr 792 wieder kaiserliche Ehren zuerkannte, ohne ihr allerdings reale Einflußmöglichkeiten einzuräumen (zeremonielle Formel: “Konstantin und Eirene”).</p> <p>Eirene tritt erst 797 wieder in Erscheinung, als sie ihren Sohn stürzte, der bei dem Umsturz geblendet wurde (wahrscheinlich mit Wissen und Billigung Eirenes), für fünf Jahre wieder den Thron bestieg und nun allein regierte (15.8.797 – 31.10.802), ehe sie ihrerseits von dem Logotheten des Genikon Nikephoros, dem späteren Kaiser Nikephoros I., gestürzt wurde. Die außerordentlich schlechte Quellenlage läßt eine sichere Einschätzung ihrer Politik in dieser Periode kaum zu, dennoch hat man den Eindruck, daß ihre Position auch jetzt außerordentlich labil war und daß sie eher abhängig von ihren jeweiligen Beratern – insbesondere von Staurakios (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ18097/html" class="link link-book-part"># 6880</a>), der schon seit 780 der starke Mann ihrer Regierung gewesen war, und von Aëtios (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ11185/html" class="link link-book-part"># 106</a>), der nach 797 zu Staurakios aufschloß – war als umgekehrt.</p> <p> <strong>Nach der Regierungszeit:</strong> Nach dem Sturz durch Nikephoros I. am 31.10.802 wurde Eirene zunächst auf die Prinzeninsel Prinkipo und später nach Lesbos verbannt. Angeblich soll Nikephoros zuvor noch versucht haben, sie zu einer Herausgabe der von ihr verborgenen Schätze zu bewegen, indem er ihr versprach, daß sie, wie es ihr Wunsch war, in diesem Fall in dem von ihr erbauten Eleutheriospalast in Konstantinopel bleiben dürfe. Nachdem sie seinen Wünschen nachgekommen war, wurde sie jedoch sofort in ein von ihr gegründetes Kloster auf Prinkipo gebracht (Theophanes 480,6-9). Wenig später kam sie nach Lesbos, wo sie am 9.8.803 gestorben ist. Ihr Leichnam wurde zunächst in ihrem Kloster auf Prinkipo bestattet. Später scheint er nach Konstantinopel überführt worden zu sein, denn nach dem Zeremonienbuch war sie in einem Sarkophag aus proikonnesischem Marmor im Heroon Justinians in der Apostelkirche bestattet, vielleicht bei ihrem Ehemann, Leon IV. (Chronicon Altinate 109,23f.).</p> <p> <strong>Zusätzliche hagiographische Nachrichten:</strong> Vita Bacchi (BHG 209) 66; Synax. Bacchi 344; Vita Georg. Amastr. (BHG 668) § 34, p. 52,3-10; Vita Ioannis Gotth. (BHG 891) cap. I 3, p. 168B; Vita Ioannis Psichaïtae (BHG 896) 110,22 – 111,4; Vita Ioannic. (Sabas; BHG 935) cap. 2, p. 33A; cap. 4, p. 335A-B; Vita Ioannic., Metaphr. (BHG 937) cap. 4, col. 40B; Vita Irenae Chrysobalanton (BHG 952) cap. 1, p. 4,3-9; Passio XLII mart. (BHG 1214a) cap. 10,10-14, p. 133 (ohne namentliche Erwähnung); Vita Nicet. Medic. (BHG 1342) 43; Vita Nicet. Medic. (BHG 1341) cap. 30, p. XXIV (dieser Text über die Gründungen von Klöstern, Fremdenheimen u. ä. steht in Zusammenhang mit Georg. mon. 774,5-9); Epistula synodica ad Theophilum (BHG 1386) Version des Cod. Athous Iviron 381 p. 139,1-6. 140,28 (Gauer); cap. 28, p. 105,22 – 107,2. cap. 33, p. 111,7 (Munitiz); Epistula ad Theophilum (BHG 1387) cap. XV, p. 100,38 – 102,3 (Gauer); cap. 15.a, p. 173,7. cap. 15.b, p. 173,8 (Munitiz); Vita Philareti (BHG 1511z) 74,17f. 77,24 (Brautschau für Konstantin VI.); 135,24f. 143,14; 145,32; 161,1-5; Theod. Stud., Laud. Plat. (BHG 1553) cap. 21, 824B; cap. 24, 825D–828B; cap. 30, 833B; Vita Irenae imp. (BHG 2205): im wesentlichen Übernahme der Chronik des Theophanes und ohne eigenen Quellenwert; einige Zusätze, deren Wert zumindest zweifelhaft ist, finden sich cap. 8, p. 16 (zu Maria v. Amnia); cap. 15–16, p. 25–27 (Tod, Beisetzung und spätere Verehrung; zu der Vita Irenae cf. Treadgold, in: BF 8 [1982] 237–251); Vita Theophyl. Nicomed. (BHG 2451) cap. 10, p. 76; Vita Niceph. patriarchae (BHG 1335) 146,7-17; 152,14-16; Synax. Cpl. 98,4; 115,15; 123/124,57; 132,8; 214,10f.; 269,30; 310,17; 313/314,56; 345,4; 434,15; 515/516,50; 597/598,53f.; 614,2-4; 773,6; 791,37 – 792,4; 871,29 – 872,3 (7. August); 877/878,56f. (9. August); Men. Basilii 576A-B (7. August); Typicon Mateos I 362,8-10 (7. August); 365 app. crit. (Cod. P zum 9. August); Typika Dmitrievskij I 102 (9. August); Miraculum imaginis Deiparae Chalcoprat. (BHG 1075e) cap. 1, p. 852,34-42; De templo B. M. V. τῆς Πηγῆς et miraculis (BHG 1072) cap. 8, p. 880B-C (wunderbare Heilung von schwerer Krankheit; Stiftungen an das Pegekloster zum Dank). — <strong>Reliquientranslationen u. ä.:</strong> st. Euphemia: s. Konstantinos von Tios, Encomium Euphemiae (BHG 621) § 11, p. 97–99; § 14, p. 101f.; § 15, p. 102; § 16, p. 103; Makarios Makres (BHG 622) § 10, p. 180f.; Theodoros Bestos (BHG 624) § 14, p. 137f.; st. Hesychios in Amaseia: s. Synax. Cpl. 515/516,49-52 (= AASS Mart. I 879).</p> <p> <strong>Anmerkungen: — (1)</strong> Cf. hierzu und zu der Familie Eirenes die Übersicht bei Lilie, Eirene Kap. 2, p. 35–41. Als weitgehend gesicherte Verwandte kennen wir folgende Personen: einen Neffen (Theophylaktos Serantapechos: <a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ19579/html" class="link link-book-part"># 8316</a>), eine Nichte (Frau des nach Byzanz geflohenen Bulgarenkhans Telerig (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ18471/html" class="link link-book-part"># 7243</a>A), eine jüngere Verwandte (Theophano: <a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ19425/html" class="link link-book-part"># 8163</a>), sowie möglicherweise Niketas Monomachos (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ16607/html" class="link link-book-part"># 5424</a>) und vielleicht eine Schwester (Frau des Konstantinos Serantapechos: <a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ15021/html" class="link link-book-part"># 3870</a>A). — <strong>(2)</strong> Theophanes 444,15-25; Nikephoros 77,10-12 (Mango 88,1-4); Symeon log. (Leon gr. 188,15-17; Theod. mel. 130,9f.; Symeon sl. 82,11-13); Georg. mon. (Muralt) 948A; Kedrenos II 17,2-4; Zonaras XV 8, p. 278,13f.). Ch. Diehl, in: Études Byzantines 304 bezieht Konst. Porph., De cerim. I 41 auf die Krönung Eirenes, doch cf. Rochow, Theophanes 209. — <strong>(3)</strong> Theophanes 450,19-23. — <strong>(4)</strong> Theophanes 453,10-20; Symeon log. (Leon gr. 191,23 – 192,17; Theod. mel. 132,17-21); Kedrenos II 19,17 – 20,3; Zonaras XV 9, p. 284,5-11; cf. hierzu zuletzt Lilie, Eirene 332–335. — <strong>(5)</strong> Literatur zu der Regierungszeit Eirenes: Speck, Konstantin VI.; Arvites, Irene; Treadgold, Revival 60–126 sowie 488f. (Reg.); D. Barbe, Irène de Byzance. La femme empereur, Paris 1990; Lilie, Eirene passim. Weitere Literatur in den angegebenen Arbeiten. — <strong>(6)</strong> Vor ihr gab es nur Pulcheria im 5. und – wenig erfolgreich und nur kurze Zeit – Martina im 7. Jh.</p> <p> <strong>Q: — (Hist.): </strong>Theophanes; Nikephoros; Symeon log. (Leon gr.; Theod. mel.; Symeon sl.); Ps.-Symeon, Cod. Paris. 1712, fol. 220r-v (Markopulos 140); Kleinchroniken I 2,8, p. 48; 2,19, p. 49 (cf. dazu P. Schreiner, in: Kleinchroniken II 94f.); 3,1, p. 50; Genesios; Theoph. cont.; Skylitzes; Georg. mon. (Muralt) 948A. 961D–972B. 973C-D; Kedrenos; Zonaras; Ps.-Symeon 614,5; Scriptor inc. 344,7; 355,4 (Bekker); III, p. 53,543-546; p. 64,409 (Iadevaia); Petros v. Alexandreia 197,14-19; Glykas 505,1-8; 529,6-8; 529,12 – 530,3; Theod. Skut. 126,19-21. 24f.; 127,1 – 129,8; Chronicon Brux. 32,9-12. 14f. (gestorben auf dem Schiff auf dem Weg in die Verbannung nach Athen); Michael Psellos, Historia Syntomos 90–92, p. 80,53 – 82,78. — <strong>(Ep.): </strong>Theod. Stud., Ep. 7 (Fatouros); I 7 (PG 99); erwähnt auch in ep. 38 (Fatouros); I 38 (PG 99); Ignatios, Ep. 32 (p. 92 Mango; cl. 33 Gedeon) ohne Namen; Photios, Ep. 1 (I 14 Laourdas–Westerink); Michaelis Balbi et Theophili impp. ep., in: Mansi XIV 417D (= MGH. Legum Sectio III. Concilia, Tomi II. Pars I., Hannover–Leipzig 1906, 476,9f.); Epistula synodica ad Theophilum (BHG 1386) Version des Cod. Athous Iviron 381; Epistula ad Theophilum (BHG 1387). — <strong>(Conc.): </strong>Mansi XII/XIII; Synodicon vetus cap. 151,2 – 153,3. 10, p. 126–128, Appendix II cap. 151,9. cap. 152,1-3, p. 192. cap. 154,32, p. 194. — <strong>(Hag.):</strong> Vita Bacchi (BHG 209); Synax. Bacchi; Konstantinos von Tios, Encomium Euphemiae (BHG 621); Makarios Makres (BHG 622); Theodoros Bestos (BHG 624); Vita Georg. Amastr. (BHG 668); Vita Ioannis Gotth. (BHG 891); Vita Ioannis Psichaïtae (BHG 896); Vita Ioannic. (Sabas; BHG 935); Vita Ioannic., Metaphr. (BHG 937); Vita Irenae Chrysobalanton (BHG 952); De templo B. M. V. τῆς Πηγῆς et miraculis (BHG 1072); Miraculum imaginis Deiparae Chalcoprat. (BHG 1075e); Passio XLII mart. (BHG 1214a); Vita Niceph. patriarchae (BHG 1335) 146,9; Vita Nicet. Medic. (BHG 1341); Vita Nicet. Medic. (BHG 1342); Vita Philareti (BHG 1511z); Theod. Stud., Laud. Plat. (BHG 1553); Vita A Theod. Stud. (BHG 1755) 120C-D. 136C. 141B–144B. 153D; Vita B Theod. Stud. (BHG 1754) 240A–265C; Vita C Theod. Stud. (BHG 1755d) 261–271; Vita Irenae imp. (BHG 2205); Vita Theophyl. Nicomed. (BHG 2451); Synax. Cpl.; Men. Basilii. — <strong>(Fs.): </strong>Konst. Porph., DAI 27,14-30; idem, De cerim. II 42, p. 645,17; 647,13 (Reiske); Anonymus, Lists p. 41 (Downey); Nikephoros Kallistos, Catal. patriarch. 460A; Patria II a cap. 7, p. 212,20f.; III 17, p. 219,1f.; III 20, p. 219,17; III 77, p. 243,13-15; III 85, p. 246,3-12; III 129, p. 256,16f.; III 142, p. 260,5-7; III 154, p. 265,5f.; III 156, p. 265,12; III 173, p. 269,13-17; III 202, p. 278,12-15; Nikephoros, Chron. synt. 100,12-17. 22f.; 105,18; Peri Metatheseon (Darrouzès) Nr. 30, p. 178; (Rhalles–Potles) p. 392 (äußerst unzuverlässig, s. P). — <strong>(Sonst.): </strong>Nikephoros, Antirrhetikoi III 68, col. 501B (anonym); idem, Refutatio 24,5, p. 51; 25,23, p. 54; 26,3, p. 56; 33,10, p. 73; Typika Dmitrievskij; De Schismate 1852A-B; Novellen Eirenes 16–27. —<strong> (lat.):</strong> Liber Pont. I 97, p. 511,26 – 512,6; Kanones Deusdedit Nr. 428, p. 605,1-3 (ohne Namensnennung); Annales regni Francorum (798) 104; (802. 803) 117f.; Annales Einhardi (794) 95; (798) 105; Poeta Saxo (798) 254,38f.; Annales Fuldenses (798) 14; (802) 15; Annales Lauresham. (801) XXXIV. 38 (ohne Namensnennung, bezeichnen Eirenes Herrschaft aber als <em>femineum imperium</em>); Annales Guelferbytani (802) 45; Annales Lobienses (797) 230,19f.; (798) 230,25f.; (802) 230,42; Annales Mettenses priores (798) 82,30 – 83,2; (802) 88,29-31; (803) 89,21-23; ferner Annales Mettenses posteriores (802) 102,17; Annales Xantenses (802) 3,8-10; Gesta episc. Neapol. 45, p. 427,4-6; 47, p. 427,34f.; Chronicon Vulturnense 62,15. 17; Chronicon Altinate 109,25 – 110,2; Johannes Diaconus, Cronaca Veneziana 99,17f.; 100,12f.; MGH Epp. V, epp. Hadriani I. Nr. 2, p. 37,6; 39,24f.; 45,6-8; 53,12f.; 56,9f.; Libri Carolini (Bastgen) 6,15-27; 8,16; 12,30-33; 14,36f.; 16,29-32; 18,19f.; 19,26f.; 81,43f.; 104,31f.; 127,25f.; 148,23f.; 171,47f.; 210,37f. — <strong>(arm.):</strong> Łewond 153 (Chahnazarian); 143 (Arzoumanian); Samuel von Ani 703. 705 (PG); 419 (Brosset); Kirakos 39. — <strong>(syr.): </strong>Chronik v. 813, p. 190; Chronik v. 1234: cap. 188f., p. 1f.; Michael syr. III 2. 9-13; Bar Hebraeus 117–120. — <strong>(arab.):</strong> aṭ-Ṭabarī (Yar-Shater XXIX) 221 [504]; (XXX) 168 [647] (Sturz Konstantins); 239 [695] (Friedensschluß mit Arabern); (= Williams II 100. 223. 260f.; = Brooks 3, p. 738. 742f.); Kitāb al-‘Uyūn (Brooks 3, p. 739); al-Mas‘ūdi, Prairies d'or II 337 (Barbier de Meynard); 164 (Rotter); idem, Avertissement 227f. (Carra de Vaux) 227f. — <strong>(Sg.):</strong> 797–802 (basilissa) ZV 40 a-c. 41: Εἰρήνῃ βασιλίσσῃ; Lichačev, Nekotorye p. 531 fig. 66; Gray Birch schreibt ihr und Konstantinos VI. sein Siegel 17448 zu, allerdings mit wohl berechtigten Zweifeln: ...ΑΝΤΙΩ..ΕΙΡΗΝΗ.— <strong>(Inscr.):</strong> Inscriptions (Spieser) Nr. 9, p. 159 = Inschriften (Djurić–Tsitouridou) Nr. 48; Landmauer Kpl. Nr. 29b (cf. unter P). <strong>— (Num.):</strong> Morrisson II 489f. (zusammen mit Konstantin VI.). 491–493 (auf Münzen Konstantins VI.). 494f. (allein); Catalogue, Byzantine Coins III/1, p. 336–339 (auf Münzen Konstantins VI.). 347–351 (allein); Taf. XIII–XV; Grierson, Coins 402 (Reg.). </p> <p> <strong>L:</strong> ODB II 1008f.; Nicol 35. — I. D. Phoropulos, Εἰρήνη ἡ Ἀθηναία. Αὐτοκράτειρα Ῥωμαίων 769-802, Diss. phil. Jena 1887 (nur Kap. 2 und 3 gedruckt); Bury, Eastern Rom. Emp. 1–7; Ch. Diehl, Fig. byz. I, Paris 1939, 77–109; Alexander, Nicephorus 283 (Reg.); Grierson, Tombs 55; Ohnsorge, in: Saeculum 14 (1963); Janin, in: Bibl. Sanct. 7 (1966) 88f.; Kaegi jr., in: Bsl 27 (1966) 63f.; Bosch, in: BF 1 (1966) 24–29; Speck, Konstantin VI. passim; Arvites, Irene passim; Glossar (lat.) III 438f; Niavis, Nicephorus I 308 (Reg.); C. Head, Imperial Byzantine Portraits, New Rochelles, N.Y. 1982, 61f.; Moorhead, in: Byz 55 (1985) 165–179; Berger, Patria 754 (Reg.); Schreiner, in: Byz 61 (1991) 181–193; Haldon, Byzantium 485 (Reg.); Ljubarskij, in: DOP 46 (1992) 182; Rochow, Theophanes 209f. 228–276; ead., Konstantin V. 246 (Reg.); Kazhdan–Talbot, in: BZ 84/85 (1992/1993) 393f.; DAI, Comm. 89, dort allerdings mit der Frau Konstantins V. verwechselt; cf. besser Belke–Soustal 132 Anm. 236; R. Hiestand, Eirene Basileus – die Frau als Herrscherin im Mittelalter, in: Der Herrscher. Leitbild und Abbild in Mittelalter und Renaissance, hrsg. von H. Hecker, Düsseldorf 1990, 253–283; Lilie, Eirene passim; Treadgold, History 365–370. 417–437. 446. 450. 535. 550. 552. 559. 565. 572. 583. 597. — Zur Gesetzgebung Eirenes cf. L. Burgmann, in: FM IV (1981) 1–36.</p> <p> <strong>P:</strong> Die außergewöhnliche Stellung Eirenes zeigt sich auch bei al-Mas‘ūdi, Avertissement 227 (Carra de Vaux), der ausdrücklich hervorhebt, daß sie Augusta genannt worden sei: <em>elle reçut ensuite le surnom d'Augusta. </em>Außerdem behandelt er ausführlich, wenn auch falsch, die Blendung Konstantins auf ihren Befehl hin und erwähnt, daß sie mit Hārūn ar-Rašīd Frieden geschlossen habe. Darüber hinaus teilt er sogar mit, daß E. den Eleutheriospalast gebaut und bewohnt habe, in dem später arabische Gesandte über Gefangenenaustausche verhandelt hätten. — Die Inschrift an der Landmauer von Konstantinopel erwähnt die Kaiser Leon und Konstantin und die Augusta Eirene. Die Identifizierung mit Leon IV., Konstantin VI. und der späteren Kaiserin Eirene liegt nahe; die Inschrift wäre dann zwischen 776 und 780 zu datieren. A. M. Schneider, in: Landmauer Kpl. 131, lehnt dies jedoch mit folgender Begründung ab: “allein dies erledigt sich durch die vielen Leo- und Konstantininschriften, zu denen auch diese gehört”, und schlägt statt dessen die Identifizierung mit Leon III., Konstantin V. (den er dort als Konstantin IV. zählt) und Eirene, der ersten Frau Konstantins V., vor. Zwar erscheint Schneiders Argument kaum stichhaltig, dennoch ist seine Identifizierung unter bestimmten Umständen denkbar. Das gilt für den Fall, daß Maria (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ15891/html" class="link link-book-part"># 4723</a>), die Frau Leons III., frühzeitig verstarb und daher Eirene (<a href="/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12535/html" class="link link-book-part"># 1437</a>), die erste Frau Konstantins V., noch zu Lebzeiten Leons III. zur Augusta ernannt wurde; über diese Sachverhalte sind wir jedoch nicht genau unterrichtet. Insgesamt erscheint Schneiders Identifizierung umständlicher, weshalb die erstere Identifizierung zu bevorzugen ist; einwandfrei klären läßt sich die Frage jedoch nicht. — Die Darstellung der Schrift Peri Metatheseon ist (obwohl sie die Chronik des Theophanes als Quelle angibt, die die richtige Darstellung hat) an dieser Stelle äußerst unzuverlässig und konfus: So wird die Kaiserin Eirene dort zur Ehefrau eines Konstantinos (VI.), des Enkels des Konstantinos Kopronymos (V.), mithin ihres eigenen Sohnes! — Vielleicht war sie die im Chronicon Altinate 109,1-3 erwähnte<em> Chirini Augusta</em>, die für die Umbettung des Leichnams des von Leon III. hingerichteten Kaisers Anastasios II. in die Apostelkirche verantwortlich zeichnete (cf. auch unter Anastasios II.).</p> </div><div class="border-bottom mb-4 mt-4"></div><h4><span class="translation_de">Quelle</span><span class="translation_en">Source</span></h4><dl class="databaseSourceMetadata small row"><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-title"><span class="translation_de">Titel</span><span class="translation_en">Title</span></dt><dd class="col-sm-9 database-book-title">Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online</dd><dt class="col-sm-3 keyword_metadata database-label-publication"><span class="translation_de">Verlag</span><span class="translation_en">Publisher</span></dt><dd class="col-sm-9 database-publication">De Gruyter | 2013</dd></dl></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal" id="citationsModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-label='Cite this' aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content bg-white"> <div class="modal-body"> <button type="button" class="btn-close float-end btn-modal-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label='Close'></button> <div id="citations"> <div class="row pb-2"> <div class="col"> <div class="text-dark fw-bold">Cite this database entry</div> </div> </div> <div class="row p-2"> <div class="col-lg-auto ps-4 mb-3 mb-lg-0"> <ul class="nav d-flex flex-lg-column" id="citationSelector" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item py-1" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link citations py-0 font-size-14 active" id="MLA-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#MLA" role="tab" aria-controls="MLA" aria-selected="true"> <span class="text-primary fa fas fa-ok me-2"></span> <span class="font-family-standard text-dark">MLA</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item py-1" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link citations py-0 font-size-14 " id="APA-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#APA" role="tab" aria-controls="APA" aria-selected="true"> <span class="text-primary fa fas fa-ok me-2"></span> <span class="font-family-standard text-dark">APA</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item py-1" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link citations py-0 font-size-14 " id="Harvard-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#Harvard" role="tab" aria-controls="Harvard" aria-selected="true"> <span class="text-primary fa fas fa-ok me-2"></span> <span class="font-family-standard text-dark">Harvard</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item py-1" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link citations py-0 font-size-14 " id="Chicago-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#Chicago" role="tab" aria-controls="Chicago" aria-selected="true"> <span class="text-primary fa fas fa-ok me-2"></span> <span class="font-family-standard text-dark">Chicago</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item py-1" role="presentation"> <a class="nav-link citations py-0 font-size-14 " id="Vancouver-tab" data-bs-toggle="tab" href="#Vancouver" role="tab" aria-controls="Vancouver" aria-selected="true"> <span class="text-primary fa fas fa-ok me-2"></span> <span class="font-family-standard text-dark">Vancouver</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="tab-content border pt-4 px-4" id="citationContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="MLA" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="MLA-tab">Lilie, Ralph-Johannes, Ludwig, Claudia, Zielke, Beate and Pratsch, Thomas. "Eirene: Εἰρήνη". <i>Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online</i>. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. <a href='https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html'>https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html</a>. Accessed 2024-11-25.</div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="APA" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="APA-tab">Lilie, R., Ludwig, C., Zielke, B. & Pratsch, T. (2013). Eirene: Εἰρήνη. In <i>Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online</i>. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. <a href='https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html'>https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html</a></div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Harvard" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Harvard-tab">Lilie, R., Ludwig, C., Zielke, B. and Pratsch, T. 2013. Eirene: Εἰρήνη. <i>Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online</i> [online]. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. Available from: <a href='https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html'>https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html</a>. [Accessed 2024-11-25]</div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Chicago" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Chicago-tab">Lilie, Ralph-Johannes, Ludwig, Claudia, Zielke, Beate and Pratsch, Thomas. "Eirene: Εἰρήνη" In <i>Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online</i>. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. <a href='https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html'>https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ12537/html</a></div> <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Vancouver" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Vancouver-tab">Lilie R, Ludwig C, Zielke B, Pratsch T. Eirene: Εἰρήνη. In: <i>Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online</i>. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter; 2013. 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