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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Metropolitan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_and_remote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_and_remote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Regional and remote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_and_remote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Current ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Community broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subscription_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subscription_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subscription television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subscription_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Datacasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datacasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Datacasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datacasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Narrowcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrowcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Narrowcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrowcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amateur_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amateur_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Amateur broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Amateur_broadcasting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Amateur broadcasting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Amateur_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_South_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_South_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>New South Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_South_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victoria_(2_Digital_ATV_Channels)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victoria_(2_Digital_ATV_Channels)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Victoria (2 Digital ATV Channels)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victoria_(2_Digital_ATV_Channels)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queensland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queensland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Queensland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queensland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> 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class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg/300px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg/450px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg/600px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-BroadcastingExceptInternet-Persons-A2545679X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Total employment (thousands of people) in Australian broadcasting (includes television and radio but not internet) since 1984</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filming_outdoor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Filming_outdoor.jpg/220px-Filming_outdoor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Filming_outdoor.jpg/330px-Filming_outdoor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Filming_outdoor.jpg/440px-Filming_outdoor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Outdoor filming for TV in Canberra (2013)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Television broadcasting in Australia</b> began officially on 16 September 1956, with the opening of <a href="/wiki/TCN" title="TCN">TCN-9</a>, quickly followed by national and commercial stations in Sydney and Melbourne, all these being in 625-line <a href="/wiki/Black_and_white_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Black and white television">black and white</a>. The commencement date was designed so as to provide coverage of the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">Olympic Games in Melbourne</a>. It has now grown to be a nationwide system that includes a broad range of public, commercial, community, subscription, narrowcast, and amateur stations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colour_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour television">Colour television</a> in the <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> 625-line format was introduced in 1967 and went to a full-time basis on 1 March 1975 while <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">subscription television</a>, on the Galaxy platform, began in January 1995. <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Australia" title="Digital television in Australia">Digital terrestrial television</a> was introduced on 1 January 2001 in Australia's five largest capital cities. </p><p>As early as 1929, two Melbourne commercial radio stations, <a href="/wiki/3UZ" class="mw-redirect" title="3UZ">3UZ</a> and <a href="/wiki/KIIS_101.1" title="KIIS 101.1">3DB</a> were conducting experimental mechanical television broadcasts –  these were conducted in the early hours of the morning, after the stations had officially closed down. In 1934, Dr Val McDowall<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at amateur station 4CM Brisbane<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conducted experiments in electronic television. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_television">Public television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Public television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Australia has three national public broadcasters, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>, and, as more recently, <a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">National Indigenous Television</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Australian Broadcasting Corporation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television</a> is a division of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, established in 1956. <a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV (Australian TV network)">ABC TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_Family_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC Family (Australian TV channel)">ABC Family</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_Entertains" title="ABC Entertains">ABC Entertains</a> and <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC News (Australian TV channel)">ABC News</a> are available nationally, in addition to <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)">ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)</a>, focused at the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia Pacific</a> region. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV (Australian TV network)">ABC TV</a> carries a variety of local and national news, current affairs, and sports coverage, as well as Australian arts and comedy programming. It is well known for broadcasting British programming, primarily from the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ABC_Family_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC Family (Australian TV channel)">ABC Family</a>, established as a second digital-only channel called ABC2 on 7 March 2005. Originally aimed at providing 'more choice, more often', the channel mainly provided repeats of popular ABC productions, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Story" title="Australian Story">Australian Story</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Stateline_(TV_program)" title="Stateline (TV program)">Stateline</a></i>, and was prohibited by law from carrying programmes from a number of genres; however, after the removal of these restrictions the channel's content was broadened considerably.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced by the ABC that, from 4 December 2017, ABC2 was to be replaced by ABC Comedy, ending the channel's 12-year run.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_gets_serious_about_comedy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_gets_serious_about_comedy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/ABC_Entertains" title="ABC Entertains">ABC Entertains</a>, a third digital-only kids channel began on 4 December 2009. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC News (Australian TV channel)">ABC News</a>, a digital news channel began on 22 July 2010. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a>, a digital shared channel began on 2 May 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Broadcasting_Service">Special Broadcasting Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Special Broadcasting Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>The section is too long.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Television_broadcasting_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Television broadcasting in Australia">improve this section</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/SBS_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS Television">SBS Television</a> is a division of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>, founded to provide for the estimated 20% of Australians that speak a language other than English in the home, aiming to complement the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a>. </p><p>In recent years SBS TV has begun to target a broader cross-section of the Australian community, in part because of the emergence of specialty subscription television channels aimed at such minorities. In addition to its free-to-air channels, SBS also has an interest in the <a href="/wiki/World_Movies" class="mw-redirect" title="World Movies">World Movies Channel</a> which has since been revived on free-to-air TV as <a href="/wiki/SBS_World_Movies" title="SBS World Movies">SBS World Movies</a> and it relaunched on the 1st of July 2019. </p><p>SBS shows many non-English language films with English subtitles, and each morning shows news bulletins in foreign languages from around the world in its <i>WorldWatch</i> timeslot. In addition to this, a great deal of programming from the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a> are shown. </p><p>Acquired entertainment programs include the US animated series <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Queer_as_Folk_(US_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queer as Folk (US TV series)">Queer as Folk</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Inspector_Rex" title="Inspector Rex">Inspector Rex</a></i>. In addition to news and current affairs programming such as <a href="/wiki/World_News_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="World News Australia">SBS World News</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dateline_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Dateline (Australian TV program)">Dateline</a></i>, the network also commissions locally produced documentaries, movies and comedy programs. Less-popular mainstream sports such as soccer, cycling and athletics are also shown. </p><p>SBS currently broadcasts six channels: <a href="/wiki/SBS_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="SBS (Australian TV channel)">SBS</a>, known as 'SBS One' between 2009 and 2015, <a href="/wiki/SBS_Viceland" title="SBS Viceland">SBS Viceland</a>, known as SBS Two between 2009 and 2016, <a href="/wiki/SBS_World_Movies" title="SBS World Movies">SBS World Movies</a>, <a href="/wiki/SBS_Food" title="SBS Food">SBS Food</a>, known as Food Network Australia between 2015 and 2018, <a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">NITV</a>, also known as National indigenous Television (see <a href="#National_Indigenous_Television">#National Indigenous Television</a> and more info about this channel in that section), and <a href="/wiki/SBS_WorldWatch" title="SBS WorldWatch">SBS WorldWatch</a> launched on the 23rd of May of 2022. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Indigenous_Television">National Indigenous Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Indigenous Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">National Indigenous Television</a>, funded by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>, is produced in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> and broadcast via <a href="/wiki/Imparja_Television" title="Imparja Television">Imparja Television</a>'s existing satellite capacity. </p><p>The idea for a national, indigenous television service was initially conceived by the National Indigenous Radio Service (the peak Indigenous radio group), which initially lobbied the government to start a new, nationwide indigenous television network. Although no major political party championed this cause, commercial broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Imparja_Television" title="Imparja Television">Imparja Television</a> stated in 2004 that it would run such a network, at least within its own licence area.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005 the federal <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Communications,_Information_Technology_and_the_Arts_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (Australia)">Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts</a> considered funding such a station, and conducted a review process. </p><p>On 13 July 2007 NITV launched, replacing <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Community_Television" title="Indigenous Community Television">Indigenous Community Television</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Optus_fleet_of_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Optus fleet of satellites">Optus Aurora</a> remote satellite service.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 December 2012 NITV was launched on free to air on which was the 4th digital channel of SBS, making this channel available to all Australians wherever SBS digital television is broadcast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_television">Commercial television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commercial television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_television_market_regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Australia_television_market_regions.svg/350px-Australia_television_market_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Australia_television_market_regions.svg/525px-Australia_television_market_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Australia_television_market_regions.svg/700px-Australia_television_market_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In order to allow for commercial licensing, the country was divided into a number of licence areas. When these were drawn up in the 1950s, each major city or regional area – about 50 in all – was considered its own market region. In each of the five major capitals, three commercial licences were granted (the exception being <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> which did not receive its third commercial station until 1988<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), while smaller cities or regions were granted a single licence. </p><p>The process of <i><a href="/wiki/Regional_television_in_Australia#Aggregation" title="Regional television in Australia">aggregation</a></i> began in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regional markets were merged and (usually) three licences were granted in the new, aggregated, area, with the exception of Tasmania and Remote & Central Australia, which got two licences. As some markets were formed by the merger of up to six different individual markets, this meant that some stations had to merge or form partnerships in order to remain competitive. Around the same time, many remote market regions were replaced with two <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> market regions – one for regional <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, and one for remote central and eastern Australia – although each of these regions was only granted two licences. </p><p>Some remained un-aggregated, and are today known as diary markets.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were granted a second licence, sometimes to the same company that owned the existing licence. Two-broadcaster areas were later granted a third licence, to a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> company formed as a partnership of the two existing broadcasters. Examples of these include <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Digital_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Digital Television">Tasmanian Digital Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mildura_Digital_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildura Digital Television">Mildura Digital Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darwin_Digital_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwin Digital Television">Darwin Digital Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Digital_Television" title="West Digital Television">West Digital Television</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areas with one broadcaster were also granted a third licence to the same company that owned the other two licences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan">Metropolitan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Metropolitan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three main metropolitan networks, the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Network" title="Nine Network">Nine Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_10" title="Network 10">Network 10</a>. Although primarily targeted at metropolitan areas, these names are also used in some regional areas (others choose to run the same programming as these stations, but use independent names). </p><p><b>Seven Network</b> </p> <ul><li>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Eveleigh,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveleigh, New South Wales">Eveleigh, Sydney</a></li> <li>National play-out centre: <a href="/wiki/Frenchs_Forest,_New_South_Wales" title="Frenchs Forest, New South Wales">Frenchs Forest, Sydney</a></li> <li>Main Studio <ul><li>Breakfast/Morning Show/News (National Bulletins): <a href="/wiki/ATN#Programmes_produced_by_ATN-7" title="ATN">Eveleigh, Sydney</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Nine Network</b> </p> <ul><li>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_New_South_Wales" title="North Sydney, New South Wales">North Sydney</a></li> <li>National play-out centre: <a href="/wiki/Frenchs_Forest,_New_South_Wales" title="Frenchs Forest, New South Wales">Frenchs Forest, Sydney</a></li> <li>Main Studio <ul><li>Breakfast/Morning Show/News (National Bulletins): <a href="/wiki/TCN#Production" title="TCN">North Sydney</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Network 10</b> </p> <ul><li>Headquarters & National play-out centre: <a href="/wiki/Pyrmont,_New_South_Wales" title="Pyrmont, New South Wales">Pyrmont, Sydney</a></li> <li>Main Studio <ul><li>Morning Show/News (National Bulletins): <a href="/wiki/TEN_(TV_station)#Studio_facilities" title="TEN (TV station)">Pyrmont, Sydney</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Although the names of the metropolitan stations remain the same across cities, their ownership varies (see below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_and_remote">Regional and remote</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Regional and remote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regional_television_in_Australia" title="Regional television in Australia">Regional television in Australia</a></div> <p>The population of Australians living outside of metropolitan areas are served by a number of <a href="/wiki/Regional_television_in_Australia" title="Regional television in Australia">regional television</a> networks that are affiliated with a metropolitan counterpart. Before the 1980s, regional stations were mostly independent with some forming loose partnerships and others merging into local networks. However, the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Hawke Labor government</a> introduced a system known as aggregation – regional television equalisation – which would provide viewers with the same viewing choices as those in the metropolitan cities. Consequently, the regional stations and networks continued to merge and expand, and became affiliated with one of the three metropolitan networks. Further equalisation later occurred in the 2000s – with the advent of digital television – to areas that escaped initial aggregation. </p><p>Today, <a href="/wiki/WIN_Television" title="WIN Television">WIN Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imparja_Television" title="Imparja Television">Imparja Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Austereo" title="Southern Cross Austereo">Southern Cross Austereo</a> notably remain independent, whereas broadcasters like <a href="/wiki/Prime7" title="Prime7">Prime Television</a>, the <a href="/wiki/GWN7" title="GWN7">Golden West Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/STQ" title="STQ">Sunshine Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBN_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="NBN Television">NBN Television</a> have been absorbed by the metropolitan networks over the years. </p><p>As with some of the metropolitan stations, local content is present only in the form of local news bulletin or local advertising. The amount of local news provided varies from two-minute updates to full-hour, seven nights a week news bulletins. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_ownership">Current ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercial stations in metropolitan markets (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth), in addition to some regional markets, are owned and operated by their respective network instead of an affiliate operator. However, commercial stations in most regional and remote areas are instead operated by broadcasters with unique licences and commercial agreements with the metropolitan market networks. </p><p>Some regional markets have one operator holding a monopoly over all three networks, with one "digital only" supplementary station of the three operating under a supplementary licence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other regional markets have only two operators, each affiliated with their own networks. Consequently, these two operators have formed a supplementary "digital only" joint venture to broadcast the remaining third network. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Station status </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:gainsboro;">Network-owned </td> <td style="background:orange;">Supplementary monopoly </td> <td style="background:cyan;">Supplementary joint venture </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:99%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Licence areas<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>Sub-markets</small> </th> <th style="width:17%;">Seven Network<br /><small>and affiliates</small> </th> <th style="width:17%;">Nine Network<br /><small>and affiliates</small> </th> <th style="width:17%;">Network 10<br /><small>and affiliates</small> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #ccccff;">New South Wales </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:10px; background:#fced19;"> </th> <td>Sydney<br /><small>Metropolitan area (including Central Coast and Blue Mountains)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/ATN" title="ATN">Seven Sydney</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/TCN" title="TCN">Nine Sydney</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/TEN_(TV_station)" title="TEN (TV station)">10 Sydney</a><br /><small>Paramount ANZ</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#86BD75;"> </td> <td>Northern NSW<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>Newcastle, Central Coast, Coffs Harbour, Tamworth, Taree, Lismore, Gold Coast (QLD)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/NEN_(TV_station)" title="NEN (TV station)">Seven Northern NSW</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/NBN_(TV_station)" title="NBN (TV station)">Nine Northern NSW</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/NRN" title="NRN">10 Northern NSW</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#5B854C;"> </td> <td>Southern NSW<br /><small>Wollongong, Canberra (ACT), Wagga Wagga, Orange, Dubbo</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/CBN_(Australian_TV_station)" title="CBN (Australian TV station)">Seven Southern NSW</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/WIN_(TV_station)" title="WIN (TV station)">Nine Southern NSW</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CTC_(TV_station)" title="CTC (TV station)">10 Southern NSW</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#858485;"> </td> <td>Griffith and Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area<sup id="cite_ref-fn2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/MTN_(TV_station)" title="MTN (TV station)">Seven Griffith</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/AMN_(TV_station)" title="AMN (TV station)">Nine Griffith</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:orange;"><a href="/wiki/MTN_(TV_station)" title="MTN (TV station)">10 Griffith</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #ccccff;">Victoria </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FCED19;"> </td> <td>Melbourne<br /><small>Metropolitan area (including Geelong)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/HSV_(TV_station)" title="HSV (TV station)">Seven Melbourne</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/GTV_(Australian_TV_station)" title="GTV (Australian TV station)">Nine Melbourne</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/ATV_(Australian_TV_station)" title="ATV (Australian TV station)">10 Melbourne</a><br /><small>Paramount ANZ</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#72B1CA;"> </td> <td>Regional Victoria<br /><small>Ballarat, Bendigo, Albury (NSW), Shepparton, Traralgon</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/AMV_(TV_station)" title="AMV (TV station)">Seven Victoria</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/VTV_(Australian_TV_station)" title="VTV (Australian TV station)">Nine Victoria</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GLV/BCV" title="GLV/BCV">10 Victoria</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#B3B2B3;"> </td> <td>Mildura/Sunraysia<sup id="cite_ref-fn3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/PTV_(TV_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="PTV (TV station)">Seven Mildura</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_station)" title="STV (TV station)">Nine Mildura</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" class="table-na"><i>None</i><sup id="cite_ref-fn5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #ccccff;">Queensland </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FCED19;"> </td> <td>Brisbane<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>Metropolitan area (including Gold Coast and southern Sunshine Coast)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/BTQ" title="BTQ">Seven Brisbane</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/QTQ" title="QTQ">Nine Brisbane</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/TVQ" title="TVQ">10 Brisbane</a><br /><small>Paramount ANZ</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DB3E63;"> </td> <td>Regional Queensland<br /><small>Townsville, Cairns, Sunshine Coast, Toowoomba, Rockhampton, Mackay, Maryborough</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/STQ" title="STQ">Seven Queensland</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/RTQ" title="RTQ">Nine Queensland</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TNQ" title="TNQ">10 Queensland</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #ccccff;">South Australia </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FCED19;"> </td> <td>Adelaide<br /><small>Metropolitan area (including Murray Bridge, Victor Harbor and central Yorke Peninsula)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/SAS_(TV_station)" title="SAS (TV station)">Seven Adelaide</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/NWS_(TV_station)" title="NWS (TV station)">Nine Adelaide</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/ADS_(TV_station)" title="ADS (TV station)">10 Adelaide</a><br /><small>Paramount ANZ</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#92825F;"> </td> <td>Spencer Gulf<sup id="cite_ref-fn2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn3_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GTS/BKN" title="GTS/BKN">Seven Spencer Gulf</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:orange;"><a href="/wiki/GTS/BKN" title="GTS/BKN">Nine Spencer Gulf</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/SGS/SCN" title="SGS/SCN">10 Spencer Gulf</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Broken Hill, NSW<sup id="cite_ref-fn2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn3_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#6A412A;"> </td> <td>Mount Gambier/South East<sup id="cite_ref-fn2_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn3_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/SES/RTS" title="SES/RTS">Seven SA</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:orange;"><a href="/wiki/SES/RTS" title="SES/RTS">Nine SA</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/MGS/LRS" title="MGS/LRS">10 SA</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Riverland<sup id="cite_ref-fn2_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn3_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #ccccff;">Western Australia </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FCED19;"> </td> <td>Perth<br /><small>Metropolitan area (including Mandurah)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">Seven Perth</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">Nine Perth</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">10 Perth</a><br /><small>Paramount ANZ</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#C7A7BC;"> </td> <td>Remote and Regional WA<sup id="cite_ref-fn4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>Bunbury and Albany, Geraldton, Kalgoorlie, Remote Western Zone</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/GWN7" title="GWN7">Seven Regional WA</a><br /><small>Seven West Media</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/WOW_(TV_station)" title="WOW (TV station)">Nine WA</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:cyan;"><a href="/wiki/West_Digital_Television" title="West Digital Television">10 WA</a><br /><small>West Digital Television</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color: #ccccff;">Other Regional/Remote Areas </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F19479;"> </td> <td>Tasmania<br /><small>Hobart, Launceston</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Australian_TV_station)" title="TNT (Australian TV station)">Seven Tasmania</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TVT_(TV_station)" title="TVT (TV station)">Nine Tasmania</a><br /><small>WIN Corporation</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:cyan;"><a href="/wiki/TDT_(TV_station)" title="TDT (TV station)">10 Tasmania</a><br /><small>Tasmanian Digital Television</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#4C4B4B;"> </td> <td>Darwin<br /><small>(includes Batchelor)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/TND_(TV_station)" title="TND (TV station)">Seven Darwin</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/NTD_(Australian_TV_station)" title="NTD (Australian TV station)">Nine Darwin</a><br /><small>Nine Entertainment</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:cyan;"><a href="/wiki/DTD_(TV_station)" title="DTD (TV station)">10 Darwin</a><br /><small>Darwin Digital Television</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E4D3E1;"> </td> <td>Remote Central & Eastern Australia<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(includes Alice Springs, Mount Isa, Katherine and Tennant Creek; remote areas of Northern Territory, western New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland; alpine areas of Victoria and New South Wales)</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/QQQ" title="QQQ">Seven Central</a><br /><small>Southern Cross Austereo</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imparja" class="mw-redirect" title="Imparja">Imparja</a><br /><small>Imparja Television</small> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:cyan;"><a href="/wiki/CDT_(TV_station)" title="CDT (TV station)">10 Central</a><br /><small>Central Digital Television</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes">Notes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">While there are several areas where viewers can receive programmes from more than one licence area, the Central Coast, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast are special cases. Each has dedicated transmitters, on the same tower, for two different regions. Two sets of commercial stations produce dedicated feeds for the Gold Coast.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn2_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn2_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn2_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">One company has a monopoly in this area, as the Australian Communications and Media Authority believes it cannot support more than one commercial television company, but can support multiple commercial television services.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn3_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This rural area was not aggregated during the early nineties, unlike most rural areas. This market is now primarily of historic significance.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn5-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn5_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mildura_Digital_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildura Digital Television">Mildura Digital Television</a> ceased broadcasting Network 10 programming on 30 June 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn4-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn4_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn4_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Transmission is via satellite for remote areas, and via terrestrial broadcast for more developed areas.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_broadcasting">Community broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Community broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1993 the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Australian Broadcasting Authority">Australian Broadcasting Authority</a> allocated licences for a sixth television channel for non-profit community and educational use on a trial basis. The groundwork for community television was laid in the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Services_Act_1992" title="Broadcasting Services Act 1992">Broadcasting Services Act 1992</a>, which defined a new service category, community television, for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prospective community television providers were invited to apply for transmitter licences, which were granted to groups in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-community-sydmelb_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-community-sydmelb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-community-sydmelb_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-community-sydmelb-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a><sup id="cite_ref-community-adelaidelismore_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-community-adelaidelismore-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lismore,_New_South_Wales" title="Lismore, New South Wales">Lismore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-community-adelaidelismore_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-community-adelaidelismore-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, 1995, the West Australian Community Broadcasting Association was appointed to manage access to the sixth channel in <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandurah" title="Mandurah">Mandurah</a> on behalf of groups based in the two cities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Licences were also granted in 1996 to Hobart Access Community Television Inc in <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> and Bendigo Community Television Inc in <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a> however these were not renewed. Similarly, a licence for BushVision in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gambier" title="Mount Gambier">Mount Gambier</a> was granted in 2005, but it later lapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Permanent licences for Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth were allocated in 2004, while trial licences remain in effect in Adelaide and Lismore. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Community_Television_Alliance" title="Australian Community Television Alliance">Australian Community Television Alliance</a>, established in March 2008 is the national representative organisation for community television. The CEO of <a href="/wiki/Television_Sydney" title="Television Sydney">TVS</a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Laurie Patton, is the Secretary and represents ACTA on the Federal Government's Digital Switchover Taskforce Industry Advisory Group. In addition to these, a number of community groups produce programming in regional areas, including Queanbeyan Canberra Television (QCTV) in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Hunter Community Television in <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Illawarra Community Television (ICTV) in <a href="/wiki/Wollongong" title="Wollongong">Wollongong</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and WARP Television in <a href="/wiki/Bathurst,_New_South_Wales" title="Bathurst, New South Wales">Bathurst</a>. </p><p>Groups in a number of areas including <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Victor Harbor, South Australia">Victor Harbor</a> have unsuccessfully applied for licences. <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Community_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora Community Television">Aurora Community Television</a>, Australian Multicultural Television, Ballarat Community Cable Television, Channel Vision (Canberra) and Satellite Community TV, although not licensed as community stations, provide similar services. </p><p>Community Television stations went digital in 2010. However, in September 2014 Australian federal communications minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> announced that licensing for community television stations would end in December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2015, Turnbull, now Prime Minister, announced an extension of the deadline to 31 December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deadline was further extended incrementally by communications minister <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Fifield" title="Mitch Fifield">Mitch Fifield</a> until June 2021, however by 2015 Sydney's <a href="/wiki/Television_Sydney" title="Television Sydney">Television Sydney</a> had ceased broadcasting, as had Brisbane's <a href="/wiki/Hitchhike_TV" title="Hitchhike TV">31 Digital</a>, switching to a short-live online streaming service. As of January 2021, the only remaining community television stations in Australia still broadcasting are Melbourne's <a href="/wiki/C31_Melbourne" title="C31 Melbourne">C31</a> and Adelaide's <a href="/wiki/Channel_44_(Adelaide)" title="Channel 44 (Adelaide)">Channel 44</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subscription_television">Subscription television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Subscription television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two of the three major providers of <a href="/wiki/Subscription_television_in_Australia" title="Subscription television in Australia">subscription television in Australia</a> carry a common service; however they have a number of differences. <a href="/wiki/Foxtel" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a> currently 'controls' the common service that Optus resell. This service is known as the Foxtel Platform. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Austar" title="Austar">Austar</a> broadcast into all of regional Australia (except <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> while Foxtel broadcast in all capital cities, the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(New_South_Wales)" title="Central Coast (New South Wales)">Central Coast</a> and all of <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> until mid-2012 when Foxtel/<a href="/wiki/Austar" title="Austar">Austar</a> merged hence Foxtel gaining the Austar coverage areas. <a href="/wiki/Optus_Television" title="Optus Television">Optus Television</a> operates only in the small parts of <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> where it has laid cable. </p><p><a href="/wiki/SelecTV_(Australian_television)" title="SelecTV (Australian television)">SelecTV</a> was the fourth provider of subscription television controlled by <a href="/wiki/WIN_Corporation" title="WIN Corporation">WIN Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SelecTV was available throughout Australia via satellite and focused on providing content in comparatively low priced packages to a number of specialised market segments; including Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Greek_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek people">Greek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a>. As of January 2011, the service is no longer available. </p><p>There are two small region-based subscription television providers; <a href="/wiki/TransACT" title="TransACT">TransTV Digital</a> which is available in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_Cable" title="Neighbourhood Cable">Neighbourhood Cable</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, and also available in <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mildura" title="Mildura">Mildura</a>. </p><p>There are also a number of satellite services that target specific language speaking groups, the largest being <a href="/wiki/UBI_World_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="UBI World TV">UBI World TV</a>, a non-English language service. Globecast TV and Pan Global TV are non-English language, Christian and sport channel platforms that are controlled by <a href="/wiki/Globecast" title="Globecast">Globecast</a>. Various operators run their own subscription services on these platforms. In addition, there are other satellite subscription services available through other providers. </p><p>National IPTV operators include <a href="/wiki/Total_Peripherals_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Total Peripherals Group">TPG IPTV</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datacasting">Datacasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Datacasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a> in Australia began as a test transmission in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> using one of the reserved digital spectrum positions. Australian broadcast infrastructure company <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcast Australia">Broadcast Australia</a> undertook the three-year trial using the <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> system. The trial consisted of a number of services on one standard 7 MHz <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplex (TV)">multiplex</a>, collectively known as <i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Forty_Four" title="Digital Forty Four">Digital Forty Four</a></i>. The service was extended past the three-year period, but ended in March 2010 </p><p>The services included; a combined program guide for the free-to-air broadcasters, named <a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 4 (Australia)">Channel 4</a>; a news, sport, and weather datacast channel provided by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>; a government and public information channel, known as <a href="/wiki/Channel_NSW" title="Channel NSW">Channel NSW</a>, which included real time traffic information and surf webcams; the Australian Christian Channel; the <a href="/wiki/Expo_Channel" title="Expo Channel">Expo Channel</a>; and various federal parliamentary audio broadcasts. </p><p>Today, datacasting consists of information based channels that are broadcast as subchannels of the existing commercial broadcasters. As of mid 2013, these broadcast mainly infomercials. Examples include <a href="/wiki/TVSN" title="TVSN">TVSN</a> and <a href="/wiki/4ME" title="4ME">4ME</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Narrowcasting">Narrowcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Narrowcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are currently five <a href="/wiki/Narrowcasting" title="Narrowcasting">open-narrowcast</a> services in Australia: </p> <ul><li>Aboriginal TV & TVNT – <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aboriginalbroadcasting.org/">link</a></li> <li>Goolarri Television (GTV) – <a href="/wiki/Broome,_Western_Australia" title="Broome, Western Australia">Broome</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goolarri.com/gtv/">link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Community_Television" title="Indigenous Community Television">Indigenous Community Television</a> (ICTV) – <a href="/wiki/Alice_Springs" title="Alice Springs">Alice Springs</a></li> <li>Ngarda Community Television and Radio – <a href="/wiki/Roebourne,_Western_Australia" title="Roebourne, Western Australia">Roebourne, Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowy_Mountains_Television" title="Snowy Mountains Television">Snowy Mountains Television</a> (SMTV) – <a href="/wiki/Jindabyne,_New_South_Wales" title="Jindabyne, New South Wales">Jindabyne, New South Wales</a></li></ul> <p>One of the narrowcast services, Indigenous Community Television (ICTV), is available to satellite users across Australia via the <a href="/wiki/VAST" title="VAST">VAST</a> service. </p><p>Aboriginal Television, GTV and Ngarda TV are local Indigenous-owned services that broadcast only to their home market. SMTV is also restricted to its home market of Jindabyne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amateur_broadcasting">Amateur broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Amateur broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Australian <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> bands include frequencies standard televisions can receive, which have led to <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_operator" title="Amateur radio operator">amateur radio operators</a> making use of this by <a href="/wiki/Amateur_television" title="Amateur television">broadcasting video</a>. </p><p>The frequency overlap occurs roughly where television channel 16 lies. Typically, channel 16 is used for amateur television transmissions; however, other frequencies are sometimes utilized, especially those used by satellite television services. Most transmissions can be viewed and heard on an analogue television, but some transmissions require additional or other equipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_South_Wales">New South Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: New South Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Television Gladesville (VK2TVG) in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> conducts three test transmissions per week on Channel 16, including a three-hour live to air program on Wednesday nights.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Central Coast Amateur Radio Club also has an amateur television repeater (VK2RTG) on Channel 16.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VK2RTS broadcasts from Lawson near Katoomba on Channel 16. Club activity is on Mondays between 8 and 10p.m. A Voice liaison and control frequency of 147.325 MHz (+600 kHz duplex) is used. </p><p>VK2RFM broadcasts from Oakdale near Camden on 1250 MHz FM which can be viewed with an analog satellite receiver. Club activity is Tuesdays between 8 and 10p.m. The liaison and control frequency is 147.400 MHz simplex. </p><p>Both repeaters cover the entire Sydney basin. They are operated by the Sydney Amateur Television Group and may be activated and used at any time from the control channels. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UHF TV Channel 35 was used until July 2001 when the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Communications_and_Media_Authority" title="Australian Communications and Media Authority">Australian Communications and Media Authority</a> reassigned the channel for digital television. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victoria_(2_Digital_ATV_Channels)"><span id="Victoria_.282_Digital_ATV_Channels.29"></span>Victoria (2 Digital ATV Channels)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Victoria (2 Digital ATV Channels)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VK3RTV is Melbourne's main amateur television station, and is available via Channel 16 at the lower end of the UHF TV Band (below channel 28). The amateur television repeater is located on Mount Dandenong.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are a small number of amateur television enthusiasts (amateur radio operators with Television transmitting equipment) who transmit to Melbourne and surrounds via VK3RTV. </p><p>These include VK3AAZ, VK3AOB, VK3AGJ, VK3BFG, VK3BCU, VK3CH, VK3CRG, VK3FMD, VK3GMZ, VK3IV, VK3JDA, VK3JDG, VK3KBL, VK3KHB, VK3KOS, VK3LA, VK3MN, VK3PB, VK3TMS, VK3TVZ, VK3XOK, VK3XKD and VK3XZA.<sup id="cite_ref-VK3KHB_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VK3KHB-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VK3RTV is now a 2-channel digital television facility on 446 MHz. The new system features two standard definition digital channels. </p><p>Bendigo in Central Victoria also has an Amateur Television Transmitter (VK3RBO) on the 13 cm band. This can be received using surplus microwave dishes and downconverters. The station is known to show episodes of the Amateur Television Program 'Amateurlogic'.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Queensland">Queensland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Queensland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amateur television in Queensland had its beginnings in the late 1970s, after a group of local Ham radio enthusiasts showed interests in setting up their own television repeater, although this would not occur until the 1980s. For several years, broadcasters had to rely on a low-powered repeater located in Brisbane's northern suburbs, but eventually permissions were granted to have a more advanced and more central repeater constructed within the inner-city suburb of <a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Queensland" title="Spring Hill, Queensland">Spring Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, Brisbane's Amateur Television club provided a two-way television system for <a href="/wiki/Lamington_National_Park" title="Lamington National Park">Lamington National Park</a> during the park's 75th anniversary celebrations. In October that year, amateur television history was made when broadcasters VK4BOB and VK4XRL transmitted video to Sydney's ATV clubs which was relayed by the <a href="/wiki/AUSSAT" class="mw-redirect" title="AUSSAT">AUSSAT</a> satellite.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various transmitters continue to broadcast to this day. Some Queensland ATV transmitters are located in the outer-Brisbane suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Ocean_View,_Queensland" title="Ocean View, Queensland">Ocean View</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wamuran" class="mw-redirect" title="Wamuran">Wamuran</a>. In November 2012, the Ocean View site will begin its first digital transmission test.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the Spring Hill repeater was demolished. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting_in_Australia" title="History of broadcasting in Australia">History of broadcasting in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_in_communications_and_media_in_Australia" title="List of people in communications and media in Australia">List of people in communications and media in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Australia" title="List of radio stations in Australia">List of radio stations in Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Officially, so called "digital only" services are supplementary licences given through Section 38B of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992. Even though Australia no longer has any analogue television signals, the then-commonly used term "digital only" is also listed here for posterity.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Television_broadcasting_in_Australia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504062337/https://www.racp.edu.au/page/library/college-roll/college-roll-detail%26id%3D496">"RACP: College Roll"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.racp.edu.au/page/library/college-roll/college-roll-detail&id=496">the original</a> on 4 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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talk:Television in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia_Television_in_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations and<br /> networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_Australia" title="High-definition television in Australia">High-definition television in Australia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Television broadcasting in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Australia" title="Digital terrestrial television in Australia">Digital terrestrial television in Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freeview_(Australia)" title="Freeview (Australia)">Freeview</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_television_in_Australia" title="Regional television in Australia">Regional television in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_ratings_in_Australia" title="Television ratings in Australia">Television ratings in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_television_in_Australia" title="Community television in Australia">Community television in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulations_on_television_programming_in_Australia" title="Regulations on television programming in Australia">Regulations on television programming in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Commercial_Television_Code_of_Practice" title="Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice">Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_channels_in_Australia" title="List of digital television channels in Australia">List of digital television channels in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_channels_in_Australia#Discontinued_channels" title="List of digital television channels in Australia">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_television_frequencies" title="Australian and New Zealand television frequencies">Australian and New Zealand television frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_television" title="Timeline of Australian television">Timeline of Australian television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Australian_television" title="List of years in Australian television">List of years in Australian television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_television_callsigns" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian television callsigns">List of Australian television callsigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_television_series" title="List of Australian television series">List of Australian television series</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-running_Australian_television_series" title="List of longest-running Australian television series">longest-running</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_television_presenters" title="List of Australian television presenters">List of Australian television presenters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_television_in_Australia" title="Subscription television in Australia">Subscription television in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_television_stations_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_television_stations_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Oceania" title="List of television stations in Oceania">List of television stations in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Fiji (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Samoa" title="List of television stations in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_the_Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_American_Samoa" title="List of television stations in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Guam" title="List of television stations in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Hawaii" title="List of television stations in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_New_Caledonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in New Caledonia (page does not exist)">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_television_stations_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of television stations in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="List of television stations in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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