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href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=C%2B%2B" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=C%2B%2B" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=C%2B%2B" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=C%2B%2B" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estandarizazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estandarizazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Estandarizazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estandarizazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezaugarriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezaugarriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ezaugarriak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ezaugarriak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ezaugarriak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ezaugarriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sarrera/Irteera_funtzioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarrera/Irteera_funtzioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sarrera/Irteera funtzioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarrera/Irteera_funtzioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identifikatzaileak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identifikatzaileak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Identifikatzaileak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identifikatzaileak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Datu-motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datu-motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Datu-motak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datu-motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zenbaki_osoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zenbaki_osoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Zenbaki osoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zenbaki_osoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zenbaki_errealak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zenbaki_errealak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Zenbaki errealak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zenbaki_errealak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karaktereak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karaktereak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Karaktereak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karaktereak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konstanteak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konstanteak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Konstanteak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konstanteak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Array" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Array"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>Array</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Array-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deklarazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deklarazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5.1</span> <span>Deklarazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deklarazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hasieraketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hasieraketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5.2</span> <span>Hasieraketa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hasieraketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimentsio_anitzeko_arrayak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimentsio_anitzeko_arrayak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5.3</span> <span>Dimentsio anitzeko arrayak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimentsio_anitzeko_arrayak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontrol-egiturak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontrol-egiturak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kontrol-egiturak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontrol-egiturak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baldintzapeko_egiturak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baldintzapeko_egiturak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Baldintzapeko egiturak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baldintzapeko_egiturak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IF_egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IF_egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.1</span> <span>IF egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IF_egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SWITCH_egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SWITCH_egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.2</span> <span>SWITCH egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SWITCH_egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iterazio-egiturak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iterazio-egiturak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Iterazio-egiturak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iterazio-egiturak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-FOR_egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FOR_egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.1</span> <span>FOR egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FOR_egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-WHILE_egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#WHILE_egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.2</span> <span>WHILE egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-WHILE_egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DO_WHILE_egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DO_WHILE_egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.3</span> <span>DO WHILE egitura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DO_WHILE_egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funtzioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funtzioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Funtzioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funtzioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Balioa_pasatzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balioa_pasatzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Balioa pasatzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balioa_pasatzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helbidea_pasatzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helbidea_pasatzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Helbidea pasatzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helbidea_pasatzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentzia_pasatzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentzia_pasatzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Erreferentzia pasatzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentzia_pasatzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erabilera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabilera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Erabilera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erabilera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintaxia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintaxia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Sintaxia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sintaxia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Espresio_eta_eragile_aritmetiko-logikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espresio_eta_eragile_aritmetiko-logikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Espresio eta eragile aritmetiko-logikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espresio_eta_eragile_aritmetiko-logikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adibideak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adibideak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Adibideak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adibideak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">C++</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 109 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%2B%2B" title="سي++ – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سي++" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89%2B%2B" title="سى++ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سى++" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%2B%2B" title="চি++ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চি++" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%2B%2B" title="سی++ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سی++" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%2B%2B" title="সি++ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সি++" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B" title="C+ – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="C+" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – buginera" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%2B%2B" title="سی++ – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سی++" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B(%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE)" title="C++(પ્રોગ્રામિંગ ભાષા) – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="C++(પ્રોગ્રામિંગ ભાષા)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%2B%2B" title="सी++ – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सी++" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%2B%2B" title="ಸಿ++ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿ++" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%2B%2B" title="സി++ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സി++" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE)" title="सी प्लस प्लस (आज्ञावली भाषा) – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सी प्लस प्लस (आज्ञावली भाषा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%2B%2B" title="सी++ – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सी++" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%2B%2B" title="ਸੀ++ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀ++" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%2B%2B" title="سی++ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سی++" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%2B%2B" title="சி++ – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சி++" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="సీ ప్లస్ ప్లస్ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సీ ప్లస్ ప్లస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาซีพลัสพลัส – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาซีพลัสพลัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_programmirleme" title="C++ programmirleme – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="C++ programmirleme" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%2B%2B" title="سی++ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سی++" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2B%2BC" title="++C – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="++C" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%A0" title="丙加加 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="丙加加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++ – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="C++" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:C%2B%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/C%2B%2B" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/C%2B%2B" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&oldid=9553874" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=C%2B%2B&id=9553874&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC%252B%252B"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FC%252B%252B"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=C%2B%2B"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=C%2B%2B&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:C%2B%2B" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia 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colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#dceaec; color:#000000; padding:10px; text-align: center;">C++</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg/128px-ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg/192px-ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg/256px-ISO_C%2B%2B_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Programazio_paradigma" title="Programazio paradigma">Paradigma</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multiparadigma_programazio_lengoaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiparadigma programazio lengoaia">Multiparadigma programazio lengoaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objektuetara_bideratutako_programazioa" title="Objektuetara bideratutako programazioa">Objektuetara bideratutako programazioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Programazio_inperatibo" title="Programazio inperatibo">Programazio inperatibo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Diseinatzailea</th><td class="infobox-data">Bjarne Stroustrup</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Garatzailea</th><td class="infobox-data">Bjarne Stroustrup, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Laborategiak" title="Bell Laborategiak">Bell Laborategiak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Agerpena</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kaleratze Egonkorra</th><td class="infobox-data">ISO/IEC 14882:2017 (C++17)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kaleratze Ezegonkorra</th><td class="infobox-data">C++20</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Sistema Eragilea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multiplataforma" title="Multiplataforma">Multiplataforma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi-luzapen" title="Fitxategi-luzapen">Luzapena</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>.h .hh .hpp .hxx .h++ .cc .cpp .cxx .c++</code></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center">Inplementazioak</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center">C++ Builder, clang, Comeau C/C++, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a>, Intel C++ Compiler, Microsoft Visual C++, Sun Studio, Code::Blocks, Zinjai</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center">Dialektoak</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_14882&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 14882 (sortu gabe)">ISO/IEC C++</a> 1998, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_14882&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 14882 (sortu gabe)">ISO/IEC C++</a> 2003, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_14882&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 14882 (sortu gabe)">ISO/IEC C++</a> 2011</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center">Eragina</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/C_programazio_lengoaia" class="mw-redirect" title="C programazio lengoaia">C</a>, Simula, <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programazio_lengoaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada (programazio lengoaia)">Ada (programazio lengoaia)</a>, <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL 68</a>, CLU, ML<sup id="cite_ref-stroustruptcpppl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stroustruptcpppl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center">Eragindua</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, LPC, <a href="/wiki/Lua" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lua">Lua</a>, Pike, <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programazio_lengoaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada (programazio lengoaia)">Ada 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programazio_lengoaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (programazio lengoaia)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>, D, C99, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp" title="C Sharp">C#</a>, Falcon</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>C++</b> 1979an <a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Bjarne Stroustrup</a>-ek diseinatutako <a href="/wiki/Programazio-lengoaia" title="Programazio-lengoaia">programazio-lengoaia</a> bat da. <a href="/wiki/Objektu_(informatika)" title="Objektu (informatika)">Objektuen</a> manipulazioa ahalbidetzen duten mekanismoak <a href="/wiki/C_(programazio_lengoaia)" title="C (programazio lengoaia)">C</a> programazio-lengoaiara zabaltzea izan zen haren sorkuntzaren asmoa. Zentzu horretan, <a href="/wiki/Objektuetara_bideratutako_programazioa" title="Objektuetara bideratutako programazioa">objektuetara bideratutako lengoaien</a> ikuspegitik, C++ lengoaia hibridoa da. </p><p>Ondoren, programazio generikoaren erraztasunak gehitu ziren, eta horiek programazio egituratuaren paradigmei eta <a href="/wiki/Objektuetara_bideratutako_programazioa" title="Objektuetara bideratutako programazioa">objektuetara bideratutako programazioari</a> gehitu zitzaizkien. Horregatik esan ohi da C++ programazio-lengoaia multiparadigma bat dela. </p><p>Gaur egun, ISO C++ izeneko estandar bat dago, eta horri atxiki zaizkio konpiladore modernoenen fabrikatzaile gehienak. Badira interprete batzuk ere, ROOT kasu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:BjarneStroustrup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BjarneStroustrup.jpg/220px-BjarneStroustrup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BjarneStroustrup.jpg/330px-BjarneStroustrup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/BjarneStroustrup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Bjarne Stroustrup</a>, C++ lengoaiaren sortzailea</figcaption></figure> <p>1979an, <a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Bjarne Stroustrup</a> <a href="/wiki/Informatikari" title="Informatikari">informatikari</a> daniarra C++ lengoaiaren aurretikoa den "<i>C with Classes</i>" proiektuarekin lanean hasi zen. Programazio-lengoaia berri bat sortzeko motibazioa Stroustrup-i bere doktore-tesian programazioan izandako esperientziatik sortu zitzaion. Stroustrup ohartu zen Simulak bazituela tamaina handiko softwarea garatzeko oso baliagarriak ziren ezaugarriak, baina lengoaia motelegia zela erabilera praktikorako; BCPL, aldiz, azkarra zen baina oso behe-mailakoa tamaina handiko softwarea garatzeko egokia izateko. Stroustrup <a href="/wiki/Bell_Laborategiak" title="Bell Laborategiak">AT&T Bell Labs</a>-en lanean hasi zenean, <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unixen</a> <a href="/wiki/Nukleo_(informatika)" title="Nukleo (informatika)">kernela</a> aztertzen aritu zen, <a href="/wiki/Konputazio_banatua" title="Konputazio banatua">konputazio banatuari</a> dagokionez. Bere doktorego esperientzia gogoratuz, Stroustrupek <a href="/wiki/C_(programazio_lengoaia)" title="C (programazio lengoaia)">C</a> lengoaia hobetzea proposatu zuen Simularen antzeko ezaugarriekin. C aukeratu zen, erabilera orokorrekoa, azkarra, eramangarria eta oso erabilia zelako. C eta Simula programazio-lengoaien eragina izateaz gain, beste hainbat lengoaiak ere izan zuten eragina lengoaia berrian, <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> 68, <a href="/wiki/Ada_(programazio_lengoaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada (programazio lengoaia)">Ada</a>, CLU eta ML barne. </p><p>Hasiera batean, C-ren Cpre <a href="/wiki/Konpiladore" title="Konpiladore">konpiladoreari</a> hainbat ezaugarri gehitu zitzaizkion Stroustrup-en <i>"C with Classes"</i> lengoaiarako: klaseak, klase eratorriak, datu-moten erabilera zurruna, i<i>nline expansion</i> eta argumentu lehenetsien erabilera, besteak beste. </p><p>1982an hasi zen Stroustrup "<i>C with Classes</i>"-en ondorengo izango zen programazio-lengoaia garatzen, eta hasiera batean beste izen batzuk erabili bazituen ere, azkenean "C++" izena jarri zion ( <code>++</code> ikurra inkrementu- edo gehikuntza-eragilea da C programazio-lengoaian). Ezaugarri berriak gehitu zizkion: funtzio birtualak, erreferentziak, konstanteak, datu-moten kontrol hobetua, iruzkinak lerro bakarrean egiteko bi barra ( <code>//</code>) erabiltzea BCPL lengoaian bezala, etab. Gainera, C++ -erako konpiladore independente berri bat garatu zuen: Cfront. </p><p>1985ean C++ programazio-lengoaiaren (<i>The C++ Programming Language</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) lehen edizioa argitaratu zen. Garai hartan oraindik estandar ofizialik ez zegoenez, bertsio hura lengoaiarako erreferentzia bihurtu zen. Lehen inplementazio komertziala urte bereko urrian argitaratu zen. </p><p>2018an Stroustrupek <i>Charles Stark Draper Prize</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saria jaso zuen "C++ programazio-lengoaia kontzeptualizatu eta garatzeagatik". </p><p>2019an programazio-lengoaia zabalduenen artean laugarren postuan dago C++, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programazio_lengoaia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (programazio lengoaia)">Javaren</a>, Cren eta <a href="/wiki/Python_(informatika)" title="Python (informatika)">Pythonen</a> atzetik. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stroustrupen arabera, "C++ izenak C-ren aldaketen izaera ebolutiboa adierazten du". Izen hori Rick Mascitti-k eman zion 1983an eta orduan hasi zen erabiltzen lehen aldiz. C programazio-lengoaian erabiltzen den <code>++</code> inkrementu- edo gehikuntza-eragiletik dator (<a href="/wiki/Aldagai_(matematika)" title="Aldagai (matematika)">aldagai</a> baten balioaren inkrementua). Gainera, "+" ikurrarekin lengoaia areagotu edo hobetu dela adierazi nahi izan zen. </p><p>C++ lengoaiaren garapenak iraun zuen bitartean, <i>"new C"</i> (C berria) eta <i>"C with Classes"</i> (C klaseekin) izenak ere erabili ziren hura izendatzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estandarizazioa">Estandarizazioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Estandarizazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Estandarizazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Urtea</b> </td> <td><b>C++ Estandarra</b> </td> <td><b>Izen informala</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>1998</b> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 14882:1998<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C++98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2003</b> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 14882:2003<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C++03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2011</b> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 14882:2011<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C++11, C++0x </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2014</b> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 14882:2014<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C++14, C++1y </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2017</b> </td> <td>ISO/IEC 14882:2017<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C++17, C++1z </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2020</b> </td> <td>Oraindik zehazteko </td> <td>C++20, C++2a </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>JTC1/SC22/WG21 izenez ezagutzen den <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a> lantaldeak estandarizatzen du C++. Orain arte, C++ estandarraren bost berrikuspen argitaratu ditu. </p><p>1998an sortu zuen lehen C++ estandarra ISO lantaldeak. Modu informalean C++98 izenez ezagutzen da lehen estandar hori (<i>ISO/IEC 14882:1998</i>). </p><p>2003an argitaratu zuten C++ estandarraren bertsio berria (<i>ISO/IEC 14882:2003</i>) , C++98 bertsioan identifikatutako arazoak konpontzen zituena. </p><p>Estandarraren hurrengo berrikuspen nagusia <i>"C++0x"</i> izenez izendatua izan zen modu informalean, baina 2011ra arte ez zen argitaratua izan. <i>C++11 bertsioak</i> lengoaian bertan eta liburutegi estandarrean gehikuntza asko jaso zituen. </p><p>2014ean C++14 (edo informalki <i>C++1y</i>) argitaratu zen. Funtsean aurreko <i>C++11</i> estandarraren hedapen txiki bat zen; akatsen zuzenketak eta hobekuntza txikiak jaso zituen. </p><p>2017an beste berrikuspen nagusi bat argitaratu zen, C++17 (edo informalki <i>C++1z</i>). </p><p>Gaur egun, hurrengo berrikuspena izango den C++20rekin ari da lanean ISO lantaldea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezaugarriak">Ezaugarriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezaugarriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ezaugarriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atal honetan laburbiltzen dira C++ programazio-lengoaiaren oinarrizko ezaugarri batzuk: datu-motak, kontrol-egiturak, funtzioak idazteko modua, etab.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarrera/Irteera_funtzioak"><span id="Sarrera.2FIrteera_funtzioak"></span>Sarrera/Irteera funtzioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sarrera/Irteera funtzioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Sarrera/Irteera funtzioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> C++ lengoaian badago aukera C lengoaiako <code>printf</code> eta <code>scanf</code> funtzioak erabiltzeko, baina horiez gain, beste bi funtzio daude: <code>cin</code> datuen sarrerako funtzioa eta <code>cout</code> irteerarako funtzioa. Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cin</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balio</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Horrela balio aldagaiari datu bat ematen zaio.</span> <span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Horrela balio aldagaiaren edukia bistaratzen da"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balio</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identifikatzaileak">Identifikatzaileak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Identifikatzaileak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Identifikatzaileak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Datu-mota ezberdinak prozesatu ahal izateko, izenak jarri behar zaizkie. Horretarako, identifikatzaileak daude, aldagaiei eta funtzioei izenak emateko. Identifikatzaileak definitzeko, karaktere alfabetikoak (A-tik Z-ra, maiuskulak zein minuskulak), zenbakiak (0-9) eta <b><code>_</code></b> karaktere berezia erabil daitezke. Konpilatzerakoan, identifikatzailearen lehen 31 karaktereak irakurriko dira eta hasierakoa derrigorrez karaktere alfabetikoa edo <code>_</code> izan behar du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Datu-motak">Datu-motak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Datu-motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Datu-motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zenbaki_osoak">Zenbaki osoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zenbaki osoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Zenbaki osoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Zenbaki osoetarako, <code>int</code> datu-mota erabiltzen da. Zeinurik gabeko zenbakiak gordetzeko memoriako bi byte erabiltzen dira. Hitz gakoa <code>unsigned int</code> da eta 0 / 65535 tartean daude. Zeinudun zenbaki laburrak gordetzeko bi byte behar dira, <code>short int</code> erabiltzen da eta -32.768 / 32767 tartean daude. Azkenik, zeinudun zenbaki luzeak daude, lau byte behar dituztenak, <code>long int</code> hitz gakoa dutenak eta -2.147.438.648 / 2.147.483.647 tartean daudenak. Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaia</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">680</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zenbaki_errealak">Zenbaki errealak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zenbaki errealak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Zenbaki errealak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zenbaki errealek koma higikorrezko formatua erabiltzen dute. </p><p><code>float</code> motakoek 7 hamartar dituzte, 4 byte behar dituzte eta horietatik 8 dira berretzailea adierazteko eta 24 mantisarako. </p><p><code>double</code> motakoek 15 hamartar dituzte eta 8 byte behar dituzte. </p><p><code>long double</code> motakoak ere definitu daitezke eta 10 byte behar dituzte. </p><p> Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">float</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaia</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">6.63e-23</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Karaktereak">Karaktereak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Karaktereak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Karaktereak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Datu-mota honek 0-255 tarteko zeinurik gabeko zenbaki oso bat definitzen du, byte batean gordetzen da eta gehienetan <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII kodea</a> erabiltzen da zenbakiak karaktere bihurtzeko. <code>char</code> bidez deklaratzen dira. Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaia</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'X'</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konstanteak">Konstanteak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konstanteak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Konstanteak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Konstanteak definitzeko, <code>const</code> datu-mota erabiltzen da. Derrigorrezkoa da hasieratzea eta bere balioa aldatzen ahaleginduz gero, konpiladoreak errorea emango du. Adibide bat:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PI</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.1415926</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Array">Array</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Array»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Array"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Array motako aldagaiak askotan erabiltzen dira, aldagai hauek datu-mota asko gordetzeko balio dute eta matrize kontzeptuarekin erlazio handia dute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Deklarazioa">Deklarazioa</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Deklarazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Deklarazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Array motako aldagaiak definitzeko osagaien datu-mota, array-aren izena eta osagaien kopurua finkatu behar da, horretarako <code>[]</code> erabiltzen da eta zenbateko tamaina duen kortxeteen artean zehazten da. Array-ak edozein aldagai-motakoak izan daitezke. Deklarazio adibidea:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaiak</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// "aldagaiak" izeneko Array horretan int motako 5 elementu daude</span> </pre></div><p>Aldagai mota hauetan zenbaki guztiak identifikatu ahal izateko <i><a href="/wiki/Indize" title="Indize">indize</a></i> izeneko zenbaki bat erabiltzen da, derrigorrez zenbaki osoa izan behar duena. Kontuan izan behar duguna da, lehenengo indizearen balioa 0 dela. </p><table class="wikitable"> <caption>0 indizea | 1 indizea | 2 indizea | 3 indizea | 4 indizea </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>aldagai 1 </th> <th>aldagai 2 </th> <th>aldagai 3 </th> <th>aldagai 4 </th> <th>aldagai 5 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Adierazpen grafiakoan adierazten den moduan, aldagaiak 5 elementu izan arren array-aren indize handiena 4 da, 0 indizetik hasten baita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Hasieraketa">Hasieraketa</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hasieraketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Hasieraketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Array-ak hasieratzeko garaian beste aldagaiekin egiten den bezala, bere barneko elementu bakoitzari balio zehatz bat ezartzeko aukera ematen du. Horretarako, balioak <code>,</code> bitartez banandu behar dira elkarrengandik eta balio guzti horiek kortxete (<code>[]</code>) tartean sartu behar dira.</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaiak</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">};</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Dimentsio_anitzeko_arrayak">Dimentsio anitzeko arrayak</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Dimentsio anitzeko arrayak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Dimentsio anitzeko arrayak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Array motako aldagaiak dimentsio anitzekoak izan daitezke. Dimentsio anitzeko arrayak, azken finean, matrizeak dira. Bi dimentsiokoak direnak 2D-ko matrizeak osatzen dituzte eta hiru dimentsiokoak berriz 3D-ko matrizeak. Bi dimentsioko arrayen deklarazio egitura, dimentsio bakarrekoenaren antzekoa da, baina ez berdina. </p><p> Bi dimentsiokoak:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaiak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimentsioa</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimentsioa</span><span class="p">];</span> </pre></div><p>Hiru dimentsiokoak:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aldagaiak</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimentsioa</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimentsio</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimentsio</span><span class="p">];</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontrol-egiturak">Kontrol-egiturak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontrol-egiturak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kontrol-egiturak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baldintzapeko_egiturak">Baldintzapeko egiturak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Baldintzapeko egiturak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Baldintzapeko egiturak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>C++ lengoaiak bi baldintzapeko egitura eskaintzen ditu: <code>if</code> eta <code>switch</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="IF_egitura">IF egitura</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «IF egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: IF egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egitura edo sententzia hau edozein lengoaiatan dago eta C++ lengoaian ezaugarri orokorrak mantentzen ditu, hau da, espresio logiko bat ebaluatzen da eta emaitza egiazkoa bada, espresioa exekutatzen da. </p><p> Bi sintaxi aukera posible daude:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baldin</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div><p>eta</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baldin</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div><p>Egitura hauetan, baldintza egiazkoa denean espresioa exekutatuko da, baina gezurra denean ez da ezer gertatuko. <code>if else</code> egiturak aukera ematen du baldintza gezurra denean beste espresio batzuk exekutatzeko:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baldin</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioa1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioa2</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="SWITCH_egitura">SWITCH egitura</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «SWITCH egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: SWITCH egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Baldintzazko egitura honen bidez, aukera desberdin batzuen artean bat hartzen da eta horri dagokiona exekutatzen da. Aukera bakoitza <code>case</code> hitz-gakoaz hasten da. Hona hemen egitura:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">aukera</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">aldagaia</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="no">balio1</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioak</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="no">balio2</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioak</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="no">balioN</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioak</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">break</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div><p><code>switch</code> hitz-gakoaren atzetik datorren aldagaia derrigorrez osoa (<code>int</code>) edo karakterea (<code>char</code>) izan behar da. <code>break</code> sententzia <code>switch</code> sententziatik irteteko erabiltzen da. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iterazio-egiturak">Iterazio-egiturak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Iterazio-egiturak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Iterazio-egiturak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>C++ lengoaiak hiru iterazio-egitura eskaintzen ditu: <code>for</code>, <code>while</code> eta <code>do while</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="FOR_egitura">FOR egitura</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «FOR egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: FOR egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Ezaguna bada aldez aurretik espresio bat zenbat bider exekutatu behar den edo eta baldintza baten balioaren arabera errepikatu behar bada, <code>for</code> egitura erabili ohi da. Ondorengoa da egitura:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hasierako</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">baldintzazko</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">eguneraketa</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="WHILE_egitura">WHILE egitura</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «WHILE egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: WHILE egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Egitura errepikakor ohikoenetakoa da. Kontrol-egituraren barnean idazten dugun baldintza egiazkoa den bitartean, gorputzaren espresioak errepikatzen dira. Ondorengoa da egitura:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baldin</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioak</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="DO_WHILE_egitura">DO WHILE egitura</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «DO WHILE egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: DO WHILE egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><code>while</code> egituran, gorputzeko espresioak bakarrik exekutatzen dira baldintzako espresioa egiazkoa bada. <code>do while</code> egituran espresioa gutxienez behin burutuko da, baldintzazko espresioa begiztaren irteeran dagoelako. Ondorengoa da egitura:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">do</span><span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">espresioak</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="k">while</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">baldin</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">espresioa</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funtzioak">Funtzioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Funtzioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Funtzioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Funtzioak programetan ataza konkretu bat egiteko erabiltzen dira. Normalki, programa nagusiak funtzioz osatuta daude eta bata bestearen atzetik deitzen dira programaren helburua lortzeko. Funtzioen helburuak gauzatzeko, normalki behar duten informazioa parametroen bidez ematen zaie. C++ lengoaiak funtzioei parametroak emateko era desberdinak ditu. Ondoren, adibide banaren bidez ikus daitezke funtzioei parametroak pasatzeko hiru modu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Balioa_pasatzea">Balioa pasatzea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Balioa pasatzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Balioa pasatzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">funtzioa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Funtzioaren prototipoa</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balioa</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">98</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">funtzioa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">balioa</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Funtzioaren deia</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">funtzioa</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">//Funtzioaren definizioa</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"%d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">param</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">67</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Helbidea_pasatzea">Helbidea pasatzea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Helbidea pasatzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Helbidea pasatzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">elkartrukatu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x_ptr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">y_ptr</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Elkartrukatu baino lehenago: x = %d, y = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">elkartrukatu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Elkartrukatu eta gero: x = %d, y = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">elkartrukatu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x_ptr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">y_ptr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">laguntza</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">laguntza</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x_ptr</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x_ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">y_ptr</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">y_ptr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">laguntza</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Erreferentzia_pasatzea">Erreferentzia pasatzea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentzia pasatzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentzia pasatzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">elkartrukatu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Elkartrukatu baino lehenago: x = %d, y = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">elkartrukatu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Elkartrukatu eta gero: x = %d, y = %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">elkartrukatu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">laguntza</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">laguntza</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">laguntza</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div><p>Kontuan hartu behar da, parametro moduan arrayak pasatzeko erabili beharreko metodoa <i>helbidea</i> <i>pasatzea</i> dela. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erabilera">Erabilera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabilera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Erabilera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>C++ lengoaia enpresa handi gehienek erabili ohi dute, baina haren erabilera batez ere grafikoen aplikazioetan nabarmentzen da, objektuei orientatuta baitago: mahaigaineko inguruneetarako, <a href="/wiki/Web_nabigatzaile" title="Web nabigatzaile">nabigatzaileetarako</a> eta multimedia aplikazioetarako, batik bat<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Sistema eragileei dagokienez, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chome_OS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chome OS (sortu gabe)">Chome OS</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS" title="Mac OS">Apple MacOS</a> dira aipagarrienak. Mundu grafikoan ere oso erabilia da, hala nola, <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">Gnome</a> eta <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>. <i>Office</i> paketeen inguruan, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> eta <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a> aipa ditzakegu. Kopiladore/interpretatzaileen oinarrian ere aurki daiteke C++ lengoaia, esate baterako, Microsoft Visual C++/Basic eta <a href="/wiki/GCC" class="mw-redirect" title="GCC">gcc</a>(GNU Compiler Collection). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sintaxia">Sintaxia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sintaxia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Sintaxia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> C++ lengoaian, beste hainbat lengoaietan bezala, <code>//</code> erabiltzen da iruzkinak egiteko. Azpimarratu beharra dago, bi barra hauetatik eskuinetara idatzitako dena konpiladoreak ez duela kontuan hartuko. Beraz, nahi dena idatz daiteke. Baina metodo hori lerro bakarreko iruzkinak egiteko bakarrik erabil daiteke. Hainbat lerrotako iruzkinetarako, <code>/*</code>-rekin hasi eta <code>*/</code> -rekin amaitu behar da. Hona hemen adibide bat:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Hau lerro bakarreko iruzkina da</span> <span class="cm">/* Hau hainbat</span> <span class="cm">lerrotako</span> <span class="cm">iruzkina da*/</span> </pre></div><p>C++ lengoaian, gainerako programazio-lengoaia gehienetan bezala, <code>;</code> sinboloa erabiltzen da agindu bati amaiera emateko lerroaren amaieran. Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="s">"kaixo"</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div><p>Ildo beretik jarraituz, <i>Sartu</i> teklaren baliokidea programazio-lengoaia honetan <code>\n</code> da. Hau da, testu edo aldagai bat pantailaratu ondoren hurrengo lerrorako jauzi bat txertatu nahi izanez gero, nahiko da aldagaiaren edo testuaren segidan inongo hutsunerik gabe <code>\n</code> jartzea. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Espresio_eta_eragile_aritmetiko-logikoak">Espresio eta eragile aritmetiko-logikoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Espresio eta eragile aritmetiko-logikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Espresio eta eragile aritmetiko-logikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> C++ lengoaian, aldagai bati balio bat esleitzeko (emateko) <code>=</code> erabiltzen da. Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div><p>Eragile aritmetikoei dagokionez, batuketarako <code>+</code> erabiltzen da, kenketarako <code>-</code> , biderketarako <code>*</code> , eta zatiketarako <code>/</code> . Modulu eragilea kasu honetan <code>%</code> da. Adibidez:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">7-2</span> </pre></div><p>Eragile logiko erabilienak hauek dira: <code>&&</code> (AND), <code>||</code> (OR) eta <code>!</code> (NOT) dira. Horiez gain, badaude erlazio-eragileak: <code><</code>, <code>></code>, <code>==</code>, <code><=</code>, <code>>=</code> eta <code>!=</code>. </p><p>Eragile horiez gain, nabarmentzekoak dira inkrementu (<code>++</code>) eta dekrementu (<code>--</code>) eragileak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adibideak">Adibideak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Adibideak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Adibideak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Kaixo mundua</i> adibidea C++ programazio-lengoaian:</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c++ mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf"><iostream></span> <span class="k">using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">namespace</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">std</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(){</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">" Kaixo mundua! "</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="p">}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stroustruptcpppl-1"><a href="#cite_ref-stroustruptcpppl_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFStroustrup1997">Stroustrup, Bjarne.  (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cprogramminglang00stro_0"><i>The C++ Programming Language. </i></a> in: <i>Third</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0201889544" title="Berezi:BookSources/0201889544">0201889544</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFStroustrup,_Bjarne.1986">Stroustrup, Bjarne..  (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12551884"><i>The C++ programming language. </i></a> Addison-Wesley <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/020112078X" title="Berezi:BookSources/020112078X">020112078X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=12551884">12551884</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-10-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nae.edu/20681/DraperPrize">«Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering»</a> <i>NAE Website</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-10-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/02/58/25845.html">«ISO/IEC 14882:1998»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/03/81/38110.html">«ISO/IEC 14882:2003»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/05/03/50372.html">«ISO/IEC 14882:2011»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/06/40/64029.html">«ISO/IEC 14882:2014»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF14:00-17:00">14:00-17:00. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/06/85/68564.html">«ISO/IEC 14882:2017»</a> <i>ISO</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-02)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGoirizelaia_Ordorika,_Iñaki.D.L._2000">Goirizelaia Ordorika, Iñaki..  (D.L. 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/434128460"><i>Programazioaren oinarriak. </i></a> Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea = Universidad del País Vasco <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/84-7585-673-X" title="Berezi:BookSources/84-7585-673-X">84-7585-673-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=434128460">434128460</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentofacturing.com/vincent/implementations.html">«The Programming Languages Beacon»</a> <i>www.mentofacturing.com</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-11-28)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%2B%2B&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programazio-lengoaia" title="Programazio-lengoaia">Programazio-lengoaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_(programazio_lengoaia)" title="C (programazio lengoaia)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C" 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style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2407" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2407">Q2407</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:C++">C++</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q2407%22">Q2407</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX540250">XX540250</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12139768z">12139768z</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12139768z">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4193909-8">4193909-8</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh87007505">sh87007505</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116956">ph116956</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029859778">029859778</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/C-computer-language">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2407" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2407">Q2407</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:C++">C++</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q2407%22">Q2407</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    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