CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134ad465e674493',cH: 'tjD0JksWSqG3NaBNCYCDJIG9Ce3YFGx2s_knZ3c8F.s-1739783768-1.2.1.1-BBWKtKRO._G9eYY1CNgRE4z0oCxAEwA7MCCloKOcArefT5M0GAB4EutY020VVY0g',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=product%20innovation&__cf_chl_tk=NfIBltjXdj6zvmwvTCFEgMD3pf6IRw2FovIcPbV0kpA-1739783768-1.0.1.1-iZTdP22w9h4mkm94Mr7ioysISNxXL6PZNpx_0gX9aTQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783768',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=product%20innovation&__cf_chl_f_tk=NfIBltjXdj6zvmwvTCFEgMD3pf6IRw2FovIcPbV0kpA-1739783768-1.0.1.1-iZTdP22w9h4mkm94Mr7ioysISNxXL6PZNpx_0gX9aTQ",md: "52NsCI3STOekgT8A9MyNvOzVxn_Ec035oAnpQ_vRNrI-1739783768-1.2.1.1-8ID8eFeKF4raUDRe_kzydboxGnl_ILwToyVhsJcDtsWGWprCdetvLUZZgVTo.4rDNaYeQK.LaXnVrLcQhd_Fp37RZO_YCiuJVrfuWQxfm9rdGVn1TaXkq44rWo7_PQF4td2roqAxarWj.OqzHY4aahJPkFKILjwhSkh1bMgToEX7fcfykQOR40M6TJdjTO7lBJ2LScCYEsjPeYBgzEEwBgrsIpLw_TtKcX2t7wWfB0RztEztPdtAV79oq5D597QG3z8BUb2SHjOIw5qBhSv8W2ba8GiDRgAOS3kBcRyqykE5xhVodgVoqqV.4zw0VhWWC6sTJZRTpE9s.hBz1pHRb.R9ryRQBONmovvkhCY3vhSsqVsXnIHViGCiUf8vV.4AduyrmqS7Txl.68M9VI9brQYpr0pCl819w72kRUX.XHRUq8UrwP.6Oe1GYLfCcGIJLoCaLpjld.BvivPVo_ZM0UTKXc8B37j6mpMUFsWBP9ZPmvRR958Li6oHBuon2EtgsQcaazPZTpV0EKVN4Io170Thw9nCoGvvuQtd1_.fl7oVa9zOxdfwTvLMw6F_i3YulP0s84wzVk4KWYLMuvkDFJezAC7U5ag4R_N7n5fcMG5hdT2hi_ZrzrlugHh5V9k3ivTtDmat9AnmDjpTkC5FOJCBpzIWx_Qz6HTCckVOpBvTDDIt7szTRPqZaYGVlh6zoZucHSn3iquSCZQfi_FlEyY_Enqsk.aJyoGLNnm65x66nYlrJDt.31xmaOJrgzrvGmApY1pF8uEi6ufad7Q_wcjVV6xEd9RZVd0ZQ69Ux5od5Sw6NKJDK0sbdiLWIZ0Su9wiJRT00_5ryY55WRZCjezmtMkXGNPcvT.fzexKV1hJ4CHIzz5KZe.pQUUUMrfrzD_onQgKIEAMAIgKQFIFjO5Nl58hy8GVLEolhL7bM4MFRsWhnVDap59HbzXD25_v9TS6iw9LfR1qMS3ZZQWTg4jlfMnoGcM6JEy.vuscPgNlpUcppDeMPp0ex6sHbC0DD6JmmM4Nt0PLOFTSx9_HElATFZD7AggRZzB7TmLlDyqm6MzSJ_Mx.OMyMgJACysQXNzPDS3BaIxO_JV6zbzLxBjn0y5lxgwveEg.9XZTuBA3oAgVUMGu77xzZKsu9Qy_p457YJP9ddwZq1PyYRTPSmTkUaGa8xKmiNEE880oE9goidLB07KH.2udMuv2.zSyyyK0bMAOfSn4LqIJNc3J.tRTqX0LD_Gaceg.1OlZDb.JjRVthD.a49QWp_ZjxoSjvc0DUV0pKL_AaLTrW8s.yxzDYwrB0p536mdAs5bP.a1qLKFcklNjXAvoNYZHv9C39p4l1JElZoP.nHVoyot9cO0uSDkDKAwKDeYikE0xXNTMXmSwiEemfif62DOUkelXGACfFnIRzW3_RpG8odUd7VI7FTVbZNE8kV0v3GsJlb8Q9bWgbNrfsAJZcChZzXthmG3vZJ962oLT_Y_Xaax7qO.5FEqlN73hyVheqsu6ImNGCPdUouyzNTHtf1_nYDbhYMabJ99Af_GAoUPmHAHlh1PsAyB8xPRY7kurlP2owvULnnWm5ECqjpzSPoGmanlRqUzJEE1D.DFuc4A1iDIgCfnd2xoGEBCojrS6kPmMTCk67oRTN0ERocqDB7nfNfgQNjU9riwEokAsz12I3Jt.nkD7YRLj3wyd5lGMKdcF1IBvRS.w4Swf.3xbAgy4S3HhZ2cfbH8yzROxYgjAET6kuZpV8WqIw86YJhSaHecv3A0qrhWQuzeddVh36PY9k_1FV09MPafsxJRulft1MZ4TT68PQNcSstFP0Vqf.X_k0izEoZqQP5pdGdPb4z3cCT26uRnT6hm3FiOcMSvQrnTyKpIh8kC5JFXIM_zRLObwOSRbG5SzCLA2a71RAAs.F7rjnXc6_uKwbaiGKLxTxGsc87WLTztUHOSeKDkxmWTNqck",mdrd: "LF0F3DPpdXfvPLH6Wockb71AcgJFtXYyiJ3ESJULoa0-1739783768-1.2.1.1-nqkvYRi6WH.7rD8i4HuKOV0.TWE07LpZX5DOkTWaCdFgOodPkg_WRGz8q.Vnm4dr9Vuco0PQU0GCid.L7CYtCnksh2bK69_9_LE2mTCLaJmp4q7b_qDx5GP7yhgAjhopqlGNkn7scq0D0mF3S_F1F2NgMJ8fpUrkEpNPfcmHtWJLFnoKokxLcg_WePKJbfLJkeYckpdFS4Pu2FaLJH1iJrwcAR0Kq.AEYcGrM9STdzFU91G4VaBsQiccpwbLCHVG1DIPhq3Z0BN6LgJ7yd7qWWwxniDLrlq0PhWgI0YVzNtDjWcMk8B3IyzvNRf8wNbo1tJ9X4nWOj_k6_oGFyv1gJkWLyGwzDdfuB64dvOrqMzt2gF6KSmhSQ.LyYhNtlVrmtCkAVeT5aj0LhjtVlWjqDWyND0w7hsbf3.wmmz03CB_XjZziGWP2qZG_H7ITNAOS4SBWGaZnwEwbu5b6K1X0.1mZTjfwLSNIkKnROPhgVpkGSBteSDRL0L32vZbdxvk9ooixRonqdhBMqzOOnHoqjQc6AR1LThrL6M6yl3JEtboAE3PY4xMCg2eCw5qrCiXm3GALb3Rkp2Sj.R43rntTMHpNtwovYP0lyP_02DTv_isCMJeC6_x9i4aQ9lFJHingXFdKw3duuNYKnsGFplx.l5cPIPDeRJYlXxUOoYAyZwMQeana9YSDGykK9qm4QxIAmX72nPasV2HHqG6v_YIt3B5LhINvNBEeUqBTbD4wvZ7b7bkf2V0POtP4yMcjhKPdtQTD8oVfuXNi2z_b4PoZMDh40O.qiRk1RIJs4g3E1ss3XzxKitzzKGge.A38DrwDDoKO1E8vystCvRbk7LZvDBvWsgxlqvKmtGD9FHnARb8g7V8ta2bSmfYHBFNly38mm_3TKJfqylAyyA9ckF7aOUeuQgvwkzC6SC6pnRHuZmXzEs3uwD9QMwxGKcyBqui6CYPYVJDk_KN498w9eNr7Gc6pUi4lT4RTqJevQmKluaw5CwFL85uZT_mUGdkvfx7QOt4jKpYg.j1UaZuLZ71icEyRD.8TpkjPCViJ0bDm87V6stGT7Vx2t6iSeaxaCyAdba4Wr4dyn87U8nLJKHwYNpLz6BisGv7bdeQIjCNhqJw9.9ic_mFmnJUMHAiMS9NbVAXiETVRe007XXlqkzBrcZiQaxF899NK8vRqNgOr_gVP3DSyd0zh4M1VB6nfcm2z2I_kGGyt2W7bUaQS1VTYI_SqZ2bf3qiRRAFgL0eWmZXYZLbBMb24XmxPQw8p2iiJB2E0L92FGggfdE5Lb4xafSP.jYVzMNASw4cgmxQoWu4q4_Ck7yJ_605IpRKSRjIMZZFws8sOo1U.hNSqZEyXCfmZ4kDo4cxmWh_sIHhj2nML1kA30IlQiYrtaKefCb1N8hE9Py2G.wLnVnOOCXrwbgxS50nqWluWe_UMoGuHV9OgtV3ft_FC7vrs.eQAkBmwLXpKpfNp2YObAWKtG8ir_dJIQpS095_9sdmjHANBCUsLKWr0CPsUQNrJ5fMZtt1tg4aGYMwG7jswbcoLNj4tbO6ygJV3OVyfmWgrPMe3uIt7t1eau7uohruiLzLSyBblD8gRR30FN.S3ncGvPJWfUmUNT623nIKxr5m_cj4LEJQoE2UBJuIZfg4glfBQJPgDA3pP2x5gq.MTxnZzuMrC_p6zQnt68cfF087colgaHJtvLkd2f9so3PAvlC6Ch_O_ouNkzerelM1RNvE7cTqUUSPzs.IkzB38A7lqRYLL80x27DLNra1OgO2ZWW9LSiYLfoHVhgLStF0zFvdLDvFS.jF5DQMzwCOBSWpg5drkGGPCtGLCJIhEB1LYdYRkj.8hLBGuy1sbesgZPQQgi0mJdzRTK121R7.JXhanDqc7pEHl8bItNWO9YsBO68Cjdsk6L_qfTkJPtL_i2IRWibBiOpaEOo0eW4mWkiq8UjUkvdPKVO1WoR4t9ho6GbXwKQX"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134ad465e674493';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=product%20innovation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=NfIBltjXdj6zvmwvTCFEgMD3pf6IRw2FovIcPbV0kpA-1739783768-1.0.1.1-iZTdP22w9h4mkm94Mr7ioysISNxXL6PZNpx_0gX9aTQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>