CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b2564fb4-7d51-4075-bc0c-5ed9167f636f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning","wgTitle":"2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning","wgCurRevisionId":1254865446, "wgRevisionId":1254865446,"wgArticleId":52641149,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning","wgRelevantArticleId":52641149,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby": true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ar","autonym":"العربية","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av" ,"autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn", "autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu", "autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"de","autonym":"Deutsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fa","autonym":"فارسی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"fat","autonym": "mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fr","autonym":"français","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"he","autonym":"עברית","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hr","autonym":"hrvatski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym": "Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"it","autonym":"italiano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ko","autonym":"한국어","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nl","autonym":"Nederlands","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn", "autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn", "autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym": "srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym": "Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf", "autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zh","autonym":"中文","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw", "gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec", "vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q28037840","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning rootpage-2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> Home </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> Random </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> Nearby </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> Settings </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> Donate </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> About Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> Search </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>In December 2016, over 70 people died<a href="#cite_note-death_toll-1">[A]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methanol_toxicity" title="Methanol toxicity">methanol poisoning</a> in the Russian city of <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>. Precipitated by the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">adulterated</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">surrogate alcohol</a>, it was the deadliest such incident in Russia's post-Soviet history. <table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="1" data-lat="52.283333333333" data-lon="104.28333333333" data-overlays='["_b5c19aec746efa2e48804a93cb07e3301af8b117"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/1/52.283333333333/104.28333333333/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,1,52.283333333333,104.28333333333,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&revid=1254865446&groups=_b5c19aec746efa2e48804a93cb07e3301af8b117" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,1,52.283333333333,104.28333333333,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&revid=1254865446&groups=_b5c19aec746efa2e48804a93cb07e3301af8b117 2x" alt="Map"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">December 2016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Consumption of <a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">adulterated</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">surrogate alcohol</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Over 70<a href="#cite_note-death_toll-1">[A]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External images</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">Examples of hawthorn-scented bath oil</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tassphoto.com/en/feature/210165/police-discovers-illegal-distillery-of-hawthorn-concentrate-in-irkutsk-region/page/1/nobc/1">Boyaryshnik, the surrogate alcohol brand involved in the poisoning, and the location where it was produced</a> (via <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tassphoto.com/en/feature/210040/more-than-40-people-die-after-consuming-hawthorn-infusion-in-irkutsk/page/1/nobc/1">Boyaryshnik and other similar surrogate alcohols</a> (via TASS)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riamediabank.ru/story/list_537896/">Images of boyaryshnik and shops that sold it</a> (via <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> Russian consumption of surrogate alcohol rose rapidly in the early 2010s amid worsening economic conditions. Surrogates cost less than government-regulated <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a> and were commonly available from supermarkets, small shops, and vending machines. In the Irkutsk incident, people drank <a href="/wiki/Crataegus_monogyna" title="Crataegus monogyna">hawthorn</a>-scented bath oil with the brand name boyaryshnik. While the product was typically made with and labeled as containing drinkable <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, at least one batch was made instead with a toxic amount of <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>. The resulting poisoning led to dozens of casualties and deaths among residents of the Novo-Lenino neighborhood in Irkutsk. A subsequent government investigation found that the surrogate alcohol's producer sourced the methanol from an employee of a local <a href="/wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid" title="Windshield washer fluid">windshield washer fluid</a> production facility. In response to the poisoning, in mid-2017 the Russian government increased legal punishments for illegally producing and selling alcohol and made it more difficult to acquire surrogate alcohols. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background">1 Background</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Methanol_and_its_symptoms">2 Methanol and its symptoms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Incident">3 Incident</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Aftermath">4 Aftermath</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes">6 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol consumption in Russia">Alcohol consumption in Russia</a></div> In the 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Russia's economy</a> suffered from <a href="/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian financial crisis (2014–2017)">a financial crisis</a>, depressed <a href="/wiki/Oil_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil price">oil prices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">international sanctions put into place</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">Ukrainian crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk Oblast</a>, citizens' buying power fell from 2013 to 2017. Russians did see an increase in average salary per capita during that period, but rising prices on a number of important items—such as food, consumer goods, and housing—meant that their paychecks covered fewer essential expenses.<a href="#cite_note-Standard_of_Living_in_Irkutsk_Oblast-7">[6]</a> By 2016, the number of people living below the government-established poverty line of 10,000 rubles per month (about $170 at the time) had increased by over three percent over the previous four years.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Standard_of_Living_in_Irkutsk_Oblast-7">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="A map of the world with countries sorted by the number of liters of alcohol that were consumed per person in 2015. Russia is in the 10–12-liter range." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png/440px-Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="311" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 311px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png/440px-Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png" data-alt="A map of the world with countries sorted by the number of liters of alcohol that were consumed per person in 2015. Russia is in the 10–12-liter range." data-width="440" data-height="311" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png/660px-Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png/880px-Total_alcohol_consumption_per_capita_-_litres_of_pure_alcohol_-_2015.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Average alcohol consumption per person in 2015 per World Health Organization data</figcaption></figure> At the same time, Russia remained one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">highest consumers of alcohol per capita in the world</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, Russian citizens consumed an average of 11.7 liters (3.1 U.S. gal) per person every year (as of 2016).<a href="#cite_note-WHO_2018_pub-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[B]</a> To continue those drinking habits amidst the declining economic situation, many Russians turned to less-regulated <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">surrogate alcohols</a>. Even the cheapest vodkas, carrying government-regulated prices, could not compete with surrogates that retailed for half the price.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-DW-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-11">[9]</a> Experts estimated that surrogate alcohols made up twenty percent of the total alcohol consumed in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> Other experts estimated that more than ten million Russians routinely purchased such alcohol,<a href="#cite_note-Walker248-13">[11]</a> and that its consumption had increased by as much as 65 percent since the introduction of an alcohol <a href="/wiki/Excise_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Excise tax">excise tax</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> Such a widespread use of surrogate alcohols led to increasing amounts of <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_poisoning" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol poisoning">alcohol poisonings</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> adding to a problem that was already severe in Russia as of the early 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The mass methanol poisoning in <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a>, a city of about 600,000 people near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> was caused by an <a href="/wiki/Adulterant" title="Adulterant">adulterated</a> batch of alcoholic <a href="/wiki/Crataegus_monogyna" title="Crataegus monogyna">hawthorn</a>-scented bath oil.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> It was named boyaryshnik or Боярышник, the Russian word for hawthorn,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vice-18">[16]</a> and was also described as a lotion.<a href="#cite_note-DW-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> The product shared its name with a popular hawthorn-flavored <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tincture</a>, and vodka historian Alexander Nikishin told the magazine <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a> that was a deliberate choice to obfuscate its intended purpose: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">You can buy boyaryshnik in a pharmacy, a medicinal tincture. And then there is the boyaryshnik spirit, which they call medicinal, but really it's just alcohol with the taste of boyaryshnik. It's bootlegging, pure and simple.<a href="#cite_note-Vice-18">[16]</a></blockquote> The boyaryshnik bottles carried clear warnings that they were not intended for consumption.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-20">[18]</a> However, many Russians knew that the product was meant to be a cheap vodka substitute and government authorities condoned its sale.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> The oil bottles were typically half the size of vodka, but their alcohol content was so high that individuals could dilute them to a similar <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT2-21">[19]</a> These sorts of surrogate alcohols were widely available in Russian supermarkets, shops, and vending machines. They were also not subject to any legal age requirement, alcohol <a href="/wiki/Excise_stamps_of_Russia" title="Excise stamps of Russia">excise stamps</a>, or other restrictions introduced in the early 2010s to curb alcohol consumption in the country.<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-20">[18]</a> The vending machines were particularly problematic: they were highly profitable,<a href="#cite_note-DW-10">[8]</a> available 24 hours a day, and often deliberately placed near impoverished areas of Russian cities to appeal to people needing a cheap alternative to legal alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-Moscow_Times_pharmacy-alcohol-22">[20]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Methanol_and_its_symptoms">Methanol and its symptoms</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methanol and its symptoms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">Methanol</a> is a poisonous substance.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[C]</a> It is difficult to tell apart from <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[D]</a> the substance found in vodka and other alcoholic drinks. Both are colorless and give off a similar odor, but methanol is cheaper.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nekoukar_et._al-27">[23]</a> Methanol can enter the body when drunk, when placed on the skin, or when breathed in. Amounts as small as 10 milliliters (0.34 U.S. fl oz) can be fatal, although people have survived amounts as high as 400 milliliters (14 U.S. fl oz).<a href="#cite_note-Nekoukar_et._al-27">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[E]</a> Symptoms occur as soon as a half hour after ingestion, and include nausea and vomiting (gastric distress) along with confusion and drowsiness (<a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system_depression" title="Central nervous system depression">central nervous system depression</a>). People can also fall into a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a> and enter <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_arrest" title="Respiratory arrest">respiratory arrest</a>. As long as 72 hours after exposure, people's vision can be negatively affected; humans break down methanol into <a href="/wiki/Formate" title="Formate">formate</a> metabolites, which destroys cells in the <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">optic nerve</a> and can leave people blind.<a href="#cite_note-Nekoukar_et._al-27">[23]</a> Common methanol antidotes include <a href="/wiki/Fomepizole" title="Fomepizole">fomepizole</a> and ethanol,<a href="#cite_note-Nekoukar_et._al-27">[23]</a> but fomepizole was not approved for use in Russia,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> and ethanol is difficult to administer.<a href="#cite_note-Nekoukar_et._al-27">[23]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Incident">Incident</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Incident" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/220px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/220px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/330px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/440px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A vial of methanol, the substance that caused the mass poisoning, next to a vial of ethanol, the substance found in alcoholic beverages</figcaption></figure> The bath oil involved in the December 2016 mass poisoning was made with methanol instead of the usual ethanol. It was placed into bottles that had the bath oil's typical ethanol-bearing labels.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-20">[18]</a> The methanol was acquired from an employee of a local <a href="/wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid" title="Windshield washer fluid">windshield washer fluid</a> firm, who stole and sold the substance without the knowledge of the company's head.<a href="#cite_note-Interfax_2018-30">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[F]</a> Methanol-poisoned individuals began arriving at hospitals on 17 December,<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">[4]</a> and local press reports emerged late on 18 December with the news that eight people had died and another nine were hospitalized.<a href="#cite_note-32">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[27]</a> By the end of the next day, a total of 57 people had been hospitalized and 49 were dead.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP-34">[28]</a> Because numerous residents had been overcome by poisoning symptoms before being able to call for help,<a href="#cite_note-DW-10">[8]</a> Irkutsk authorities searched for deceased individuals at their properties and near locations frequented by homeless individuals.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP-34">[28]</a> The authorities delivered the bodies straight to a morgue.<a href="#cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">[4]</a> Hospitalizations and deaths continued after the initial surge. On the 20th, the Irkutsk health ministry reported that casualties had risen to 52 with another 29 hospitalized.<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a> Those numbers rose to 62 dead plus 40 hospitalized on the 21st;<a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a> 74 plus 30 on the 23rd;<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a> 77 plus 16 on the 27th,<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_follow-up-38">[32]</a> and finally 78 dead on 9 January.<a href="#cite_note-78_dead-4">[3]</a> Some individuals survived because they had been drinking other ethanol-based alcohol at the same time as the methanol-laced product, and the former helped counteract the latter.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> The total number of deaths has been reported as 74, 76, and 78. An Irkutsk medical investigation gives the lowest figure, as four deaths previously attributed to methanol were actually caused by drinking too much unadulterated ethanol-based bath oil.<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a> Other scientific and media articles have supported death tolls of 76 or 78 people.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-78_dead-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-death_toll-1">[A]</a> A total of 123 people were hospitalized, a number of whom died.<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">[4]</a> The incident was the deadliest mass methanol poisoning in Russia's post-Soviet history.<a href="#cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">[4]</a> "Poisonings caused by cheap surrogate alcohol are a regular occurrence", a reporter for the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> news agency wrote, "but the Irkutsk case was unprecedented in its scale."<a href="#cite_note-AP-34">[28]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External images</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" data-alt="image icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tassphoto.com/en/feature/210213/surviving-irkutsk-methyl-alcohol-poisoning-victims-in-intensive-care/page/1/nobc/1">Poisoning survivors in intensive care</a> (via TASS)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" data-alt="image icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tassphoto.com/en/feature/210404/alcohol-poisoning-victims-at-irkutsk-hospital/page/1/nobc/1">The hospital where poisoned individuals were taken</a> (via TASS)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" data-alt="image icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://riamediabank.ru/story/list_538083/">Additional images of the hospital</a> (via RIA Novosti)</td></tr></tbody></table> Most of those affected were residents of the Novo-Lenino neighborhood in Irkutsk. They included teachers, nurses, and drivers; The New York Times described the majority as holding "steady if low-paying jobs".<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> The Russian newspaper <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> profiled a 34-year-old mother who bought the bath oil to share over dinner with her husband. She consumed two <a href="/wiki/Shot_glass" title="Shot glass">shots</a> worth of the drink, and that was enough to kill her.<a href="#cite_note-DW-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> According to state-owned media, Irkutsk's government gave 13,325 <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">rubles</a> to individual families of the dead to pay for funerals (about US$200 in 2016).<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Irkutsk's mayor Dmitry Berdnikov declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" title="State of emergency in Russia">state of emergency</a> on 19 December.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> By the next day, the Russian government said that it had seized about 2,000 liters (530 U.S. gal) of illegal alcohol, uncovered a bath oil production facility, and removed 500 liters (130 U.S. gal) of remaining bath oil from the shelves of around 100 retailers in the Irkutsk area.<a href="#cite_note-AP-34">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Matvienko-42">[36]</a> On the 23rd, the state-owned <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a> news agency reported that Russian police had seized over 10,000 small bath oil bottles.<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> In the days after the poisoning, Russian authorities opened a criminal case and detained 23 people. They included local vendors who sold the product, police officers, and a senior regional government official for the greater Siberian region.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters_follow-up-38">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a> A further five people were arrested in January 2017 and charged with selling and publicizing surrogate alcohol.<a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a> In February 2020, the last of 19 individuals jailed or fined for distributing the product was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-Supplier_jailed-46">[40]</a> After the incident, a spokesperson for Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> called it a "terrible tragedy".<a href="#cite_note-AP-34">[28]</a> They blamed it on a failing of "supervisory bodies".<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> called for a ban on non-traditional alcoholic liquids like bath oils, saying "it's an outrage, and we need to put an end to this".<a href="#cite_note-AP-34">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)">Chairman of the Federation Council</a> <a href="/wiki/Valentina_Matviyenko" title="Valentina Matviyenko">Valentina Matviyenko</a> publicly supported additional regulations on alcohol-containing liquids,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Matvienko-42">[36]</a> and Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khloponin" title="Alexander Khloponin">Alexander Khloponin</a> proposed accomplishing something similar by requiring pharmaceutical <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescriptions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a>, an opposition politician, alleged that "boyaryshnik is killing more people than terrorist acts did in the whole history of Russia" each year.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-11">[9]</a> Putin announced on 22 December that he supported increasing regulations on products with more than 25 percent alcohol, increasing punishments for anyone who broke alcohol manufacturing and distribution laws,<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_clampdown-48">[42]</a> and expanding the alcohol excise tax to alcohol-containing products in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics business sectors.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[G]</a> "In practice we see what such indulgences lead to: dozens of people dying like flies," Putin said.<a href="#cite_note-Vice-18">[16]</a> On 26 December 2016, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Service_for_Surveillance_on_Consumer_Rights_Protection_and_Human_Wellbeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing">Rospotrebnadzor</a>, Russia's government agency devoted to consumer protection, banned all sales of most non-food items with more than 25 percent alcohol (with exceptions for window cleaning liquids and perfume).<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[47]</a> Their order was scheduled to run for one month, but they extended it multiple times so that it was in effect nearly every day through 2018.<a href="#cite_note-55">[48]</a> Nevertheless, Russian companies used the exceptions and exclusions in the measure to continue selling drinkable medicinal <a href="/wiki/Tincture" title="Tincture">tinctures</a>, antiseptics, and <a href="/wiki/Eau_de_Cologne" title="Eau de Cologne">Eau de Cologne</a>, even while they removed bath oils, some kinds of perfume, and other similar products.<a href="#cite_note-56">[49]</a> In May 2017, the Russian government pegged the minimum legal price of vodka to 205 rubles per half liter (equivalent to US$3.06 for about one pint in 2016). That was lower than a previously announced price increase to 219,<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a> but it was still about 2.4 times the minimum price of vodka in 2011 and 15 rubles more than the price of vodka at the time of the Irkutsk poisoning.<a href="#cite_note-57">[50]</a> Two months later, they strengthened legal punishments for illegally producing and selling alcohol, banned the kind of alcoholic vending machines through which the Irkutsk bath oil was sold, and prohibited online advertisements of alcoholic retailers.<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a> In December 2018, the government passed a new law that ended the ability of retailers to sell non-food items with an ethanol content of 28% or above at a price below that of the legal minimum for vodka and other liquors. The intended effect was to put an end to the ability of cheap surrogate alcohol to economically compete with their regulated alternatives.<a href="#cite_note-58">[51]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-death_toll-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-death_toll_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-death_toll_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-death_toll_1-2">c</a> Secondary sources have specified the number of deaths as being 74,<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a> 76,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">[2]</a> and 78.<a href="#cite_note-78_dead-4">[3]</a> Supporting the 74 figure, scientists Maria Neufeld and Jürgen Rehm noted in January 2018 that a "forensic medical investigation revealed that out of the 78 deceased, 74 died because of methanol poisoning and the rest died because of consumption of large amounts of ethanol."<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a> At least one source, an article in the Siberian Medical Journal, gave both 76 and 78.<a href="#cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The World Health Organization said that their estimated consumption total covers "recorded and unrecorded alcohol per capital consumption" in individuals aged 15 or higher.<a href="#cite_note-WHO_2018_pub-8">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Methanol is also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, and it has the chemical formula CH3OH.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-24">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Ethanol is also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, and it has the chemical formula CH3CH2OH.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-24">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> According to Human Toxicology, which gives a smaller lethal range of 30–240 milliliters (1.0–8.1 U.S. fl oz), the wide difference in toxic amounts is likely because "the contamination of the consumed liquid with ethanol or later ethanol consumption, as ethanol has a protective effect." It also cites the "notoriously poor histories reported in some of these cases and the differing <a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a> status of patients."<a href="#cite_note-Human_Toxicology-28">[24]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> The company head had acquired the methanol illegally and made the windshield fluid with it in place of the legally required <a href="/wiki/Isopropanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropanol">isopropanol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Interfax_2018-30">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Some media articles referred to this as a proposal to decrease alcohol taxes.<a href="#cite_note-50">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[45]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy_2-9">j</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeufeldRehm2018" class="citation journal cs1">Neufeld, Maria; Rehm, Jürgen (January 2018). "Effectiveness of policy changes to reduce harm from unrecorded alcohol in Russia between 2005 and now". <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy" title="International Journal of Drug Policy">International Journal of Drug Policy</a>. 51: 1–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.09.006">10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29031132">29031132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Drug+Policy&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+policy+changes+to+reduce+harm+from+unrecorded+alcohol+in+Russia+between+2005+and+now&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.09.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29031132&rft.aulast=Neufeld&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Rehm%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_follow-up-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_follow-up_3-18">s</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacFarquhar2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neil_MacFarquhar" title="Neil MacFarquhar">MacFarquhar, Neil</a> (18 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/18/world/europe/russia-tainted-booze-putin.html">"Where the Booze Can Kill, and Putin Is Deemed a 'Good Czar'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226180546/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/18/world/europe/russia-tainted-booze-putin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Where+the+Booze+Can+Kill%2C+and+Putin+Is+Deemed+a+%27Good+Czar%27&rft.date=2017-02-18&rft.aulast=MacFarquhar&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F18%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-tainted-booze-putin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78_dead-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-78_dead_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-78_dead_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-78_dead_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20170109/1485271612.html">"В Иркутске число жертв отравления "Боярышником" увеличилось до 78 человек"</a> [In Irkutsk, the number of victims of the "Hawthorn" poisoning has increased to 78 people]. <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a> (in Russian). 9 January 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%22+%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE+78+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2017-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20170109%2F1485271612.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siberian_Medical_Journal-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_Medical_Journal_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_Medical_Journal_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_Medical_Journal_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_Medical_Journal_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_Medical_Journal_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_Medical_Journal_5-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZobninVygovskyDegtyarevaLyubimov2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zobnin, Yu.V.; Vygovsky, E.L.; Degtyareva, M.A.; Lyubimov, B.M.; Malykh, A.F.; Teterina, I.P.; Tretyakov, A.B.; Lelyukh, T.D.; Ostapenko, Yu.N. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/issue/viewIssue/15/10">"Массовое отравление метиловым спиртом в Иркутске в декабре 2016 года"</a> [Mass poisoning with methanol in Irkutsk in December 2016]. Siberian Medical Journal (Irkutsk) (in Russian). 150 (3): 29–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.57256%2F2949-0715-2017-3">10.57256/2949-0715-2017-3</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1815-7572">1815-7572</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Siberian+Medical+Journal+%28Irkutsk%29&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5+2016+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=29-36&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.57256%2F2949-0715-2017-3&rft.issn=1815-7572&rft.aulast=Zobnin&rft.aufirst=Yu.V.&rft.au=Vygovsky%2C+E.L.&rft.au=Degtyareva%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Lyubimov%2C+B.M.&rft.au=Malykh%2C+A.F.&rft.au=Teterina%2C+I.P.&rft.au=Tretyakov%2C+A.B.&rft.au=Lelyukh%2C+T.D.&rft.au=Ostapenko%2C+Yu.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmjour.ru%2Fjour%2Fissue%2FviewIssue%2F15%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMovchan2017" class="citation web cs1">Movchan, Andrey (2 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegie.ru/2017/02/02/decline-not-collapse-bleak-prospects-for-russia-s-economy-pub-67865">"Decline, Not Collapse: The Bleak Prospects for Russia's Economy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Moscow_Center" title="Carnegie Moscow Center">Carnegie Moscow Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306210330/http://carnegie.ru/2017/02/02/decline-not-collapse-bleak-prospects-for-russia-s-economy-pub-67865">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decline%2C+Not+Collapse%3A+The+Bleak+Prospects+for+Russia%27s+Economy&rft.pub=Carnegie+Moscow+Center&rft.date=2017-02-02&rft.aulast=Movchan&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegie.ru%2F2017%2F02%2F02%2Fdecline-not-collapse-bleak-prospects-for-russia-s-economy-pub-67865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standard_of_Living_in_Irkutsk_Oblast-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Standard_of_Living_in_Irkutsk_Oblast_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Standard_of_Living_in_Irkutsk_Oblast_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTopilin2022" class="citation journal cs1">Topilin, A. (3 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141545">"Economic Growth and the Standard of Living in Irkutsk Oblast: A Case of Study of Regional Imbalance"</a>. Problems of Economic Transition. 63 (4–6): 212–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10611991.2022.2141545">10.1080/10611991.2022.2141545</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-1991">1061-1991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Problems+of+Economic+Transition&rft.atitle=Economic+Growth+and+the+Standard+of+Living+in+Irkutsk+Oblast%3A+A+Case+of+Study+of+Regional+Imbalance&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4%E2%80%936&rft.pages=212-223&rft.date=2022-06-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10611991.2022.2141545&rft.issn=1061-1991&rft.aulast=Topilin&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F10611991.2022.2141545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO_2018_pub-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_2018_pub_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_2018_pub_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoznyakRekve2018" class="citation book cs1">Poznyak, Vladimir; Rekve, Dag (2018). "Appendix I". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/274603/9789241565639-eng.pdf#page=363">Global status report on alcohol and health 2018</a> (PDF). Geneva: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-156563-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-156563-9"><bdi>978-92-4-156563-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+I&rft.btitle=Global+status+report+on+alcohol+and+health+2018&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-92-4-156563-9&rft.aulast=Poznyak&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Rekve%2C+Dag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firis.who.int%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F274603%2F9789241565639-eng.pdf%23page%3D363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DW-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DW_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DW_10-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly2016" class="citation news cs1">Connolly, Nick (25 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/siberian-city-in-shock-after-russian-bath-lotion-deaths/a-36885336">"A city in shock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309050903/https://www.dw.com/en/siberian-city-in-shock-after-russian-bath-lotion-deaths/a-36885336">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=A+city+in+shock&rft.date=2016-12-25&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fsiberian-city-in-shock-after-russian-bath-lotion-deaths%2Fa-36885336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2016" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Shaun (19 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/19/russia-irkutsk-surrogate-alcohol-siberia">"Siberian city declares emergency as dozens die from drinking alcoholic bath tincture"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Siberian+city+declares+emergency+as+dozens+die+from+drinking+alcoholic+bath+tincture&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fdec%2F19%2Frussia-irkutsk-surrogate-alcohol-siberia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFПузыревКравцов2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Пузырев, Денис; Кравцов, Антон (24 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125044034/https://www.rbc.ru/investigation/business/24/11/2016/5836fabd9a7947f82e05d12b">"Расследование РБК: как «аптечный алкоголизм» покоряет Россию"</a> [RBC investigation: How "pharmacy alcoholism" is conquering Russia]. <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBK Group</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ru/investigation/business/24/11/2016/5836fabd9a7947f82e05d12b">the original</a> on 25 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RBK+Group&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%9A%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%C2%AB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%C2%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft.aulast=%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81&rft.au=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Finvestigation%2Fbusiness%2F24%2F11%2F2016%2F5836fabd9a7947f82e05d12b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker248-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker248_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2018" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Shaun (2018). The Long Hangover: Putin's New Russia and the Ghosts of the Past. Oxford University Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-065924-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-065924-0"><bdi>978-0-19-065924-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Hangover%3A+Putin%27s+New+Russia+and+the+Ghosts+of+the+Past&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-065924-0&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanin2015" class="citation news cs1">Panin, Alexander (2 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/archive/russia-cuts-price-of-vodka-amid-double-digit-inflation">"Russia Cuts Price of Vodka Amid Double-Digit Inflation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. Retrieved 23 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Cuts+Price+of+Vodka+Amid+Double-Digit+Inflation&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft.aulast=Panin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Farchive%2Frussia-cuts-price-of-vodka-amid-double-digit-inflation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreevBogoyavlenskyStickley2013" class="citation journal cs1">Andreev, Evgeny; Bogoyavlensky, Dmitri; Stickley, Andrew (11 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Falcalc%2Fags132">"Comparing Alcohol Mortality in Tsarist and Contemporary Russia: Is the Current Situation Historically Unique?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Alcoholism" title="Alcohol and Alcoholism">Alcohol and Alcoholism</a>. 48 (2): 215–221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Falcalc%2Fags132">10.1093/alcalc/ags132</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0735-0414">0735-0414</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23316073">23316073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+and+Alcoholism&rft.atitle=Comparing+Alcohol+Mortality+in+Tsarist+and+Contemporary+Russia%3A+Is+the+Current+Situation+Historically+Unique%3F&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-221&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.issn=0735-0414&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23316073&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Falcalc%2Fags132&rft.aulast=Andreev&rft.aufirst=Evgeny&rft.au=Bogoyavlensky%2C+Dmitri&rft.au=Stickley%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Falcalc%252Fags132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStickleyLeinsaluAndreevRazvodovsky2007" class="citation journal cs1">Stickley, A.; Leinsalu, M.; Andreev, E.; Razvodovsky, Y.; Vagero, D.; McKee, M. (1 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feurpub%2Fckl275">"Alcohol poisoning in Russia and the countries in the European part of the former Soviet Union, 1970 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="European Journal of Public Health">European Journal of Public Health</a>. 17 (5): 444–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feurpub%2Fckl275">10.1093/eurpub/ckl275</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1101-1262">1101-1262</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327281">17327281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Alcohol+poisoning+in+Russia+and+the+countries+in+the+European+part+of+the+former+Soviet+Union%2C+1970+2002&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=444-449&rft.date=2007-10-01&rft.issn=1101-1262&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17327281&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Feurpub%2Fckl275&rft.aulast=Stickley&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Leinsalu%2C+M.&rft.au=Andreev%2C+E.&rft.au=Razvodovsky%2C+Y.&rft.au=Vagero%2C+D.&rft.au=McKee%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Feurpub%252Fckl275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/dozens-die-in-russia-after-drinking-bath-oil/a-36827937">"Dozens die in Russia after drinking bath oil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 19 December 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Dozens+die+in+Russia+after+drinking+bath+oil&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fdozens-die-in-russia-after-drinking-bath-oil%2Fa-36827937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vice-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vice_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vice_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vice_18-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuhn2016" class="citation news cs1">Luhn, Alec (22 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/72-russians-have-died-this-week-from-drinking-bath-oil-because-they-couldnt-afford-real-alcohol/">"72 Russians have died this week from drinking bath oil because they couldn't afford real alcohol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. Retrieved 13 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=72+Russians+have+died+this+week+from+drinking+bath+oil+because+they+couldn%27t+afford+real+alcohol&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F72-russians-have-died-this-week-from-drinking-bath-oil-because-they-couldnt-afford-real-alcohol%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38384892">"Russia bath lotion poisoning: Number of dead rises to 58"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia+bath+lotion+poisoning%3A+Number+of+dead+rises+to+58&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-38384892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington_Post-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilipovSchmidt2021" class="citation news cs1">Filipov, David; Schmidt, Samantha (25 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/12/19/33-people-dead-from-alcohol-poisoning-after-drinking-bath-lotion-in-siberian-city/">"Nearly 50 people dead from alcohol poisoning after drinking bath oil in Siberian city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Nearly+50+people+dead+from+alcohol+poisoning+after+drinking+bath+oil+in+Siberian+city&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.aulast=Filipov&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F12%2F19%2F33-people-dead-from-alcohol-poisoning-after-drinking-bath-lotion-in-siberian-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT2-21"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT2_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNechepurenko2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Nechepurenko" title="Ivan Nechepurenko">Nechepurenko, Ivan</a> (22 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/22/world/after-72-die-putin-tightens-limits-on-consumer-products-high-in-alcohol.html">"After 72 Die, Putin Tightens Limits on Consumer Products High in Alcohol"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225014548/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/22/world/after-72-die-putin-tightens-limits-on-consumer-products-high-in-alcohol.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+72+Die%2C+Putin+Tightens+Limits+on+Consumer+Products+High+in+Alcohol&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Nechepurenko&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2Fworld%2Fafter-72-die-putin-tightens-limits-on-consumer-products-high-in-alcohol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moscow_Times_pharmacy-alcohol-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Moscow_Times_pharmacy-alcohol_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKupfer2016" class="citation news cs1">Kupfer, Matthew (25 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/report-russias-illegal-pharmacy-alcohol-industry-growing-56313">"Reports Show Russia's Illegal 'Pharmacy-Alcohol' Industry Is Booming"</a>. The Moscow Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170602170127/https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/report-russias-illegal-pharmacy-alcohol-industry-growing-56313">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Reports+Show+Russia%27s+Illegal+%27Pharmacy-Alcohol%27+Industry+Is+Booming&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft.aulast=Kupfer&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Farticles%2Freport-russias-illegal-pharmacy-alcohol-industry-growing-56313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNechepurenko2016" class="citation news cs1">Nechepurenko, Ivan (19 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/world/europe/russia-bath-lotion-deaths.html">"In Russia, Dozens Die After Drinking Alcohol Substitute"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161219211414/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/world/europe/russia-bath-lotion-deaths.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Russia%2C+Dozens+Die+After+Drinking+Alcohol+Substitute&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.aulast=Nechepurenko&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F19%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-bath-lotion-deaths.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_24-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wade, Leroy G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol/Physical-properties-of-alcohols">"Physical properties of alcohols"</a>. Britannica. Retrieved 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Physical+properties+of+alcohols&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Leroy+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Falcohol%2FPhysical-properties-of-alcohols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nekoukar_et._al-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nekoukar_et._al_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nekoukar_et._al_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nekoukar_et._al_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nekoukar_et._al_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nekoukar_et._al_27-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNekoukarZakariaeiTaghizadehMusavi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nekoukar, Zahra; Zakariaei, Zakaria; Taghizadeh, Fatemeh; Musavi, Fatemeh; Banimostafavi, Elham Sadat; Sharifpour, Ali; Ghuchi, Nasrin Ebrahim; Fakhar, Mahdi; Tabaripour, Rabeeh; Safanavaei, Sepideh (June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187162">"Methanol poisoning as a new world challenge: A review"</a>. Annals of Medicine & Surgery. 66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amsu.2021.102445">10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102445</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2049-0801">2049-0801</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187162">8187162</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34141419">34141419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Medicine+%26+Surgery&rft.atitle=Methanol+poisoning+as+a+new+world+challenge%3A+A+review&rft.volume=66&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8187162%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2049-0801&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34141419&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amsu.2021.102445&rft.aulast=Nekoukar&rft.aufirst=Zahra&rft.au=Zakariaei%2C+Zakaria&rft.au=Taghizadeh%2C+Fatemeh&rft.au=Musavi%2C+Fatemeh&rft.au=Banimostafavi%2C+Elham+Sadat&rft.au=Sharifpour%2C+Ali&rft.au=Ghuchi%2C+Nasrin+Ebrahim&rft.au=Fakhar%2C+Mahdi&rft.au=Tabaripour%2C+Rabeeh&rft.au=Safanavaei%2C+Sepideh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8187162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Human_Toxicology-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Human_Toxicology_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsenMcMartin1996" class="citation book cs1">Jacobsen, D.; McMartin, K.E. (1996). "Alcohols and glycols". Human Toxicology. Elsevier. pp. 623–648. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-044481557-6%2F50026-5">10.1016/b978-044481557-6/50026-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-81557-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-81557-6"><bdi>978-0-444-81557-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alcohols+and+glycols&rft.btitle=Human+Toxicology&rft.pages=623-648&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-044481557-6%2F50026-5&rft.isbn=978-0-444-81557-6&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=McMartin%2C+K.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interfax_2018-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Interfax_2018_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Interfax_2018_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interfax.ru/russia/597863">"Суд ограничился штрафом поставщику метанола для погубившего 76 иркутян "Боярышника""</a> [The court limited itself to a fine for the methanol supplier of the "Hawthorn" that killed 76 people in Irkutsk] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a>. 31 January 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4+%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+76+%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD+%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%22&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Frussia%2F597863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irk.ru/news/articles/20161219/poisoning/">"Отравление «Боярышником»: хронология"</a> [Hawthorn poisoning: a timeline]. Irk.ru/Irkutsk Online (in Russian). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irk.ru%2FIrkutsk+Online&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%C2%BB%3A+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irk.ru%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F20161219%2Fpoisoning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irk.ru/news/articles/20161224/poisoning/">"Отравление метанолом в Иркутске: главное за неделю"</a> [Methanol poisoning in Irkutsk: key events of the week]. Irk.ru/Irkutsk Online (in Russian). 24 December 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irk.ru%2FIrkutsk+Online&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%3A+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E&rft.date=2016-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irk.ru%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F20161224%2Fpoisoning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsachenkov2016" class="citation news cs1">Isachenkov, Vladimir (19 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/c0c419587e7d44ec8a6c6ac2685b8f2a/Alcohol-poisoning-death-toll-in-Russian-city-rises-to-48">"Alcohol poisoning death toll in Russian city rises to 49"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220183656/https://www.apnews.com/c0c419587e7d44ec8a6c6ac2685b8f2a/Alcohol-poisoning-death-toll-in-Russian-city-rises-to-48">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Alcohol+poisoning+death+toll+in+Russian+city+rises+to+49&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.aulast=Isachenkov&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fc0c419587e7d44ec8a6c6ac2685b8f2a%2FAlcohol-poisoning-death-toll-in-Russian-city-rises-to-48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/death-toll-in-siberian-mass-alcohol-poisoning-case-rises-to-52-idUSKBN1490S8/">"Death toll in Siberian mass alcohol poisoning case rises to 52"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Death+toll+in+Siberian+mass+alcohol+poisoning+case+rises+to+52&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fdeath-toll-in-siberian-mass-alcohol-poisoning-case-rises-to-52-idUSKBN1490S8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReevell2016" class="citation news cs1">Reevell, Patrick (21 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/62-die-siberia-drinking-counterfeit-bath-oil/story?id=44324727">"62 Die in Siberia After Drinking Counterfeit Bath Oil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Retrieved 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=62+Die+in+Siberia+After+Drinking+Counterfeit+Bath+Oil&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Reevell&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2F62-die-siberia-drinking-counterfeit-bath-oil%2Fstory%3Fid%3D44324727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/siberia-alcohol-poisoning-death-toll-rises-71/28190666.html">"Death Toll From Alcohol Poisoning Rises To 74 In Irkutsk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. 23 December 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Death+Toll+From+Alcohol+Poisoning+Rises+To+74+In+Irkutsk&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fsiberia-alcohol-poisoning-death-toll-rises-71%2F28190666.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_follow-up-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_follow-up_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_follow-up_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobson2016" class="citation news cs1">Hobson, Peter (27 December 2016). Roche, Andrew (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/russia-opens-criminal-case-into-official-after-77-die-of-alcohol-poisoning-idUSKBN14G103/">"Russia opens criminal case into official after 77 die of alcohol poisoning"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719013000/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-russia-alcohol-poisoning-idUKKBN14G119">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia+opens+criminal+case+into+official+after+77+die+of+alcohol+poisoning&rft.date=2016-12-27&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Frussia-opens-criminal-case-into-official-after-77-die-of-alcohol-poisoning-idUSKBN14G103%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСиньков2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Синьков, Андрей (22 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irk.kp.ru/daily/26623.4/3640668/">"Отец погибшей от суррогата иркутянки: «Моя дочь не была алкоголичкой, она стала жертвой преступников»"</a> [Father of Irkutsk woman who died from surrogate alcohol: "My daughter was not an alcoholic; she became a victim of criminals"]. <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Komsomolskaya+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%3A+%C2%AB%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%C2%BB&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irk.kp.ru%2Fdaily%2F26623.4%2F3640668%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irk.aif.ru/society/semi_pogibshih_ot_boyaryshnika_poluchat_kompensacii_ot_irkutskih_vlastey">"Семьи погибших от «Боярышника» получат компенсации от иркутских властей"</a> [The families of those who died from "Hawthorn" will receive compensation from the Irkutsk authorities]. <a href="/wiki/Argumenty_i_Fakty" title="Argumenty i Fakty">Argumenty i Fakty</a> (in Russian). 23 December 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Argumenty+i+Fakty&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%82+%C2%AB%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firk.aif.ru%2Fsociety%2Fsemi_pogibshih_ot_boyaryshnika_poluchat_kompensacii_ot_irkutskih_vlastey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/siberia-alcohol-poisoning-body-lotion/28184206.html">"Dozens Dead In Siberia After Drinking Body Lotion; Seven Arrested"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 19 December 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Dozens+Dead+In+Siberia+After+Drinking+Body+Lotion%3B+Seven+Arrested&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fsiberia-alcohol-poisoning-body-lotion%2F28184206.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Matvienko-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Matvienko_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Matvienko_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-38363926">"Продавцы убившего 26 человек в Иркутске "Боярышника" задержаны"</a> [The sellers of the "Hawthorn" that killed 26 people in Irkutsk have been detained]. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). 20 December 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%8B+%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+26+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%22%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%22+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Fnews-38363926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/society/921612">"Some 10,000 bottles of poisonous bath lotion seized in Siberia's Irkutsk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a>. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=Some+10%2C000+bottles+of+poisonous+bath+lotion+seized+in+Siberia%27s+Irkutsk&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fsociety%2F921612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/news/suspected-surrogate-alcohol-supplier-arrested-in-irkutsk-56627">"Suspected Surrogate Alcohol Supplier Arrested in Irkutsk"</a>. The Moscow Times. 23 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715055329/https://themoscowtimes.com/news/suspected-surrogate-alcohol-supplier-arrested-in-irkutsk-56627">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Suspected+Surrogate+Alcohol+Supplier+Arrested+in+Irkutsk&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fsuspected-surrogate-alcohol-supplier-arrested-in-irkutsk-56627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/news/counterfeit-alcohol-makers-arrested-in-siberia-56986">"Counterfeit Alcohol Producers Arrested in Siberia"</a>. The Moscow Times. 31 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004130248/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2017/01/31/counterfeit-alcohol-makers-arrested-in-siberia-a56986">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Counterfeit+Alcohol+Producers+Arrested+in+Siberia&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fcounterfeit-alcohol-makers-arrested-in-siberia-56986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Supplier_jailed-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Supplier_jailed_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/supplier-of-deadly-bath-lotion-in-siberia-jailed/30460396.html">"Supplier Of Deadly Bath Lotion In Siberia Jailed"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 28 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309045814/https://www.rferl.org/a/supplier-of-deadly-bath-lotion-in-siberia-jailed/30460396.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Supplier+Of+Deadly+Bath+Lotion+In+Siberia+Jailed&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fsupplier-of-deadly-bath-lotion-in-siberia-jailed%2F30460396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/news/alcohol-based-medicines-to-need-prescriptions-after-siberian-poisoning-tragedy-56619">"Alcohol-Based Medicines to Need Prescriptions After Siberian Poisoning Tragedy"</a>. The Moscow Times. 22 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222142444/https://themoscowtimes.com/news/alcohol-based-medicines-to-need-prescriptions-after-siberian-poisoning-tragedy-56619">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Alcohol-Based+Medicines+to+Need+Prescriptions+After+Siberian+Poisoning+Tragedy&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Falcohol-based-medicines-to-need-prescriptions-after-siberian-poisoning-tragedy-56619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_clampdown-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_clampdown_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2016" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Shaun (21 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/21/vladimir-putin-clampdown-surrogate-alcohol-deaths-fake-bath-tincture-irkutsk">"Vladimir Putin orders clampdown on 'surrogate' alcohol as deaths rise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221010125441/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/21/vladimir-putin-clampdown-surrogate-alcohol-deaths-fake-bath-tincture-irkutsk">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+orders+clampdown+on+%27surrogate%27+alcohol+as+deaths+rise&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fdec%2F21%2Fvladimir-putin-clampdown-surrogate-alcohol-deaths-fake-bath-tincture-irkutsk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20161221/1484263530.html">"Путин: нужно повышать акцизы, а не продавать флакончики за три копейки"</a> [Putin: we need to raise excise taxes, not sell bottles for three kopecks]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 21 December 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%3A+%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20161221%2F1484263530.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKottasova2016" class="citation news cs1">Kottasova, Ivana (22 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/22/news/russia-alcohol-crackdown/index.html">"Putin cracks down on moonshine amid poisoning crisis"</a>. CNN Business. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business&rft.atitle=Putin+cracks+down+on+moonshine+amid+poisoning+crisis&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Kottasova&rft.aufirst=Ivana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F12%2F22%2Fnews%2Frussia-alcohol-crackdown%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2016/12/21/putin-plans-alcohol-tax-cuts-after-siberian-poisoning-tragedy-a56602">"Putin Plans Alcohol Tax Cuts After Siberian Poisoning Tragedy"</a>. The Moscow Times. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Plans+Alcohol+Tax+Cuts+After+Siberian+Poisoning+Tragedy&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F21%2Fputin-plans-alcohol-tax-cuts-after-siberian-poisoning-tragedy-a56602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/news/sales-of-non-food-products-containing-alcohol-suspended-56643">"Russia Suspends Sale of Non-Food Products Containing Alcohol"</a>. The Moscow Times. 26 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711234836/https://themoscowtimes.com/news/sales-of-non-food-products-containing-alcohol-suspended-56643">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Suspends+Sale+of+Non-Food+Products+Containing+Alcohol&rft.date=2016-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fsales-of-non-food-products-containing-alcohol-suspended-56643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russia-extends-alcohol-product-restrictions-by-2-months-56917">"Russia Extends Restrictions on Sale of Alcohol Products After Mass Poisoning"</a>. The Moscow Times. 25 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141527/https://themoscowtimes.com/news/russia-extends-alcohol-product-restrictions-by-2-months-56917">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Extends+Restrictions+on+Sale+of+Alcohol+Products+After+Mass+Poisoning&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Frussia-extends-alcohol-product-restrictions-by-2-months-56917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeufeldRehm2018" class="citation journal cs1">Neufeld, Maria; Rehm, Jürgen (April 2018). "Newest policy developments regarding surrogate alcohol consumption in Russia". <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Drug_Policy" title="International Journal of Drug Policy">International Journal of Drug Policy</a>. 54: 58–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.11.013">10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29414486">29414486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Drug+Policy&rft.atitle=Newest+policy+developments+regarding+surrogate+alcohol+consumption+in+Russia&rft.volume=54&rft.pages=58-59&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.11.013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29414486&rft.aulast=Neufeld&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Rehm%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilSavchukAppolonovaAllenov2021" class="citation journal cs1">Gil, Artyom; Savchuk, Sergey; Appolonova, Svetlana; Allenov, Andrey; Khalfin, Ruslan (20 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.52571%2FJLPPHS.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021">"Availability of non-beverage alcohols in Russia in 2015–2020: Were control policies implemented since 2005 effective?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Law,_Public_Policies,_and_Human_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Law, Public Policies, and Human Sciences (page does not exist)">Journal of Law, Public Policies, and Human Sciences</a>. 2 (2): 08–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.52571%2FJLPPHS.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021">10.52571/JLPPHS.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law%2C+Public+Policies%2C+and+Human+Sciences&rft.atitle=Availability+of+non-beverage+alcohols+in+Russia+in+2015%E2%80%932020%3A+Were+control+policies+implemented+since+2005+effective%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=08-34&rft.date=2021-04-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.52571%2FJLPPHS.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021&rft.aulast=Gil&rft.aufirst=Artyom&rft.au=Savchuk%2C+Sergey&rft.au=Appolonova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Allenov%2C+Andrey&rft.au=Khalfin%2C+Ruslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.52571%252FJLPPHS.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeufeldRehm2018" class="citation journal cs1">Neufeld, Maria; Rehm, Jürgen (January 2018). "Effectiveness of policy changes to reduce harm from unrecorded alcohol in Russia between 2005 and now". International Journal of Drug Policy. 51: Appendix A/Web supplementary data. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.09.006">10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29031132">29031132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Drug+Policy&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+policy+changes+to+reduce+harm+from+unrecorded+alcohol+in+Russia+between+2005+and+now&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=Appendix+A%2FWeb+supplementary+data&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.09.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29031132&rft.aulast=Neufeld&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Rehm%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeufeldBobrovaDavletovŠtelemėkas2021" class="citation journal cs1">Neufeld, Maria; Bobrova, Anastacia; Davletov, Kairat; Štelemėkas, Mindaugas; Stoppel, Relika; Ferreira-Borges, Carina; Breda, João; Rehm, Jürgen (March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7936953">"Alcohol control policies in Former Soviet Union countries: A narrative review of three decades of policy changes and their apparent effects"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Drug_and_Alcohol_Review" title="Drug and Alcohol Review">Drug and Alcohol Review</a>. 40 (3): 350–367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fdar.13204">10.1111/dar.13204</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-5236">0959-5236</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7936953">7936953</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33155370">33155370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Alcohol+Review&rft.atitle=Alcohol+control+policies+in+Former+Soviet+Union+countries%3A+A+narrative+review+of+three+decades+of+policy+changes+and+their+apparent+effects&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=350-367&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7936953%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0959-5236&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33155370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fdar.13204&rft.aulast=Neufeld&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Bobrova%2C+Anastacia&rft.au=Davletov%2C+Kairat&rft.au=%C5%A0telem%C4%97kas%2C+Mindaugas&rft.au=Stoppel%2C+Relika&rft.au=Ferreira-Borges%2C+Carina&rft.au=Breda%2C+Jo%C3%A3o&rft.au=Rehm%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7936953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazunKazun2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kazun, Anastasia; Kazun, Anton (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/280/article/729528/summary">"How State-Controlled Media Can Set the Agenda on the Internet: Coverage of Three Tragedies on Different Types of Russian Media"</a>. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization. 27 (3): 371–398. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1940-4603">1940-4603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Demokratizatsiya%3A+The+Journal+of+Post-Soviet+Democratization&rft.atitle=How+State-Controlled+Media+Can+Set+the+Agenda+on+the+Internet%3A+Coverage+of+Three+Tragedies+on+Different+Types+of+Russian+Media&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=371-398&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=1940-4603&rft.aulast=Kazun&rft.aufirst=Anastasia&rft.au=Kazun%2C+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fpub%2F280%2Farticle%2F729528%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLachenmeierNeufeldRehm2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Neufeld, Maria; Rehm, Jürgen (15 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsad.com/doi/10.15288/jsad.2021.82.28">"The Impact of Unrecorded Alcohol Use on Health: What Do We Know in 2020?"</a>. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 82 (1): 28–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15288%2Fjsad.2021.82.28">10.15288/jsad.2021.82.28</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33573720">33573720</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231901412">231901412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Studies+on+Alcohol+and+Drugs&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Unrecorded+Alcohol+Use+on+Health%3A+What+Do+We+Know+in+2020%3F&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-41&rft.date=2021-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231901412%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33573720&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15288%2Fjsad.2021.82.28&rft.aulast=Lachenmeier&rft.aufirst=Dirk+W.&rft.au=Neufeld%2C+Maria&rft.au=Rehm%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsad.com%2Fdoi%2F10.15288%2Fjsad.2021.82.28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016+Irkutsk+mass+methanol+poisoning" class="Z3988"></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&oldid=1254865446">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&oldid=1254865446</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 2 November 2024, at 02:05 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rkutskda_k%C3%BCtl%C9%99vi_spirt_z%C9%99h%C9%99rl%C9%99nm%C9%99si_(2016)" title="İrkutskda kütləvi spirt zəhərlənməsi (2016) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İrkutskda kütləvi spirt zəhərlənməsi (2016)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envenenamiento_masivo_de_Irkutsk_de_2016" title="Envenenamiento masivo de Irkutsk de 2016 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Envenenamiento masivo de Irkutsk de 2016" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE_%D4%BB%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Զանգվածային թունավորում մեթիլ սպիրտով Իրկուտսկում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զանգվածային թունավորում մեթիլ սպիրտով Իրկուտսկում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keracunan_metanol_massal_Irkutsk_2016" title="Keracunan metanol massal Irkutsk 2016 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Keracunan metanol massal Irkutsk 2016" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intoxica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_em_massa_de_Irkutsk_em_2016" title="Intoxicação em massa de Irkutsk em 2016 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Intoxicação em massa de Irkutsk em 2016" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Массовое отравление метанолом в Иркутске – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массовое отравление метанолом в Иркутске" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning" title="2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Sibirya_metanol_kaynakl%C4%B1_zehirlenme_vakalar%C4%B1" title="2016 Sibirya metanol kaynaklı zehirlenme vakaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2016 Sibirya metanol kaynaklı zehirlenme vakaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Масове отруєння метиловим спиртом в Іркутську – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Масове отруєння метиловим спиртом в Іркутську" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 02:05 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gbbp4","wgBackendResponseTime":201,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_b5c19aec746efa2e48804a93cb07e3301af8b117":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[104.28333333333333,52.28333333333333],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning","marker-color":"5E74F3"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.834","walltime":"0.936","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6660,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":145528,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11696,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":224385,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 858.600 1 -total"," 45.30% 388.953 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.78% 169.833 36 Template:Cite_news"," 16.98% 145.756 12 Template:Cite_journal"," 14.02% 120.378 2 Template:External_media"," 13.27% 113.902 2 Template:Infobox"," 11.74% 100.803 13 Template:Lang"," 8.01% 68.777 1 Template:Infobox_event"," 7.93% 68.130 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.26% 45.166 13 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.506","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16757248,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-v4897","timestamp":"20241122150820","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28037840","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28037840","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-12-20T04:01:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T02:05:38Z","headline":"mass methanol poisoning in Irkutsk, in Siberia"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>