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href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC" title="Бу IP-адресден этилген тюрлендириулени сюзюу бет [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сюзюу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Ичиндегиле" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ичиндегиле</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">къабыргъа панелге ташы</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">джашыр</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башланыу</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тарихи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарихи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тарихи</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Тарихи-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Тарихи тюб бёлюмню ач/джаб</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Тарихи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Республиканы_тюрлюлери" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Республиканы_тюрлюлери"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Республиканы тюрлюлери</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Республиканы_тюрлюлери-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Ичиндегиле" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ичиндегисини таблицасын ач/джаб" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ичиндегисини таблицасын ач/джаб</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Республика</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Башха тилдеги статьягъа бар. 181 тилде барды" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-181" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">181 тил</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Республик – адыгейский" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Республик" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="адыгейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="ሪፐብሊክ – амхарский" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሪፐብሊክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica – арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynew%C4%ABse" title="Cynewīse – староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cynewīse" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جمهورية – арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ – арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جمهوريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جمهوريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República – астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Жумгьурият – аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Жумгьурият" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika – азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جومهوریت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جومهوریت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – башкирский" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Respoblėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рэспубліка – белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рэспубліка – белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiblik" title="Kiblik – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kiblik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република – болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="रिपब्लिक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="প্রজাতন্ত্র – бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас – бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República – каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کۆمار – центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet – крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Cumhuriyet" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth" title="Gweriniaeth – валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyet" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गणतन्त्र – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B1)" title="Πολιτεία (έννοια) – греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολιτεία (έννοια)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica" title="Repùblica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Repùblica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic – английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="иги статьяла"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respubliko" title="Respubliko – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República – испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabariik" title="Vabariik – эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errepublika" title="Errepublika – баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جمهوری – персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndenndaandi" title="Ndenndaandi – фулах" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ndenndaandi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фулах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasavalta" title="Tasavalta – финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forsetaskipan" title="Forsetaskipan – фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Forsetaskipan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique" title="République – французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiik" title="Republiik – северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Republiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiche" title="Republiche – фриульский" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Republiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриульский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republyk" title="Republyk – западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Republyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht" title="Poblacht – ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd" title="Poblachd – гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República – галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavakuairet%C3%A3" title="Tavakuairetã – гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavakuairetã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght" title="Pobblaght – мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Khiung-fò-koet – хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="רפובליקה – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפובליקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="गणराज्य – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganrajya" title="Ganrajya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ganrajya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – верхнелужицкий" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repiblik" title="Repiblik – гаитянский" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repiblik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Köztársaság – венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հանրապետություն – армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հանրապետութիւն – западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հանրապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi – исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lýðveldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica" title="Repubblica – итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 – японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik" title="Républik – яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რესპუბლიკა – грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika – каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagduda" title="Tagduda – кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagduda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Республикэ – кабардинский" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="кабардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B" title="សាធារណរដ្ឋ – кхмерский" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាធារណរដ្ឋ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="공화제 – корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공화제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komar" title="Komar – курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Komar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – коми" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="коми" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek" title="Repoblek – корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica – латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika" title="Repuvlika – ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippebliek" title="Rippebliek – лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rippebliek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republega" title="Republega – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Republega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republ%C3%ADki" title="Republíki – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Republíki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ສາທາລະນະລັດ – лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາທາລະນະລັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika – литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Республикась – мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Республикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika" title="Repoblika – малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Республик – луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Республик" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република – македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഗണതന്ത്രം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗണതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Бүгд Найрамдах Улс – монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүгд Найрамдах Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="प्रजासत्ताक – маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República – мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جومبوری – мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جومبوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbreca" title="Repubbreca – неаполитанский" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Repubbreca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek – нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rippebliek" title="Rippebliek – нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rippebliek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गणतन्त्र – непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गणतन्त्र – неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek – нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk – нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk – норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publyique" title="Républyique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Républyique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica – окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0" title="ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର – ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Республикæ – осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਗਣਰਾਜ – панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika" title="Repúblika – папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Repúblika" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica" title="Repùblica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جمہوریہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="ولسمشریزه – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولسمشریزه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica" title="República – португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripuwlika" title="Ripuwlika – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ripuwlika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica" title="Republica – романшский" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Republica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="романшский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketnepen" title="Ketnepen – влашский цыганский" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Ketnepen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="влашский цыганский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%C4%83" title="Republică – румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республика – русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Републіка – русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Републіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Өрөспүүбүлүкэ – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өрөспүүбүлүкэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bbrica" title="Ripùbbrica – сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbbrica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic – шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AA" title="ريپبلڪ – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريپبلڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republihkka" title="Republihkka – северносаамский" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Republihkka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="северносаамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic" title="Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyika_yeRudhende" title="Nyika yeRudhende – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nyika yeRudhende" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuriyadda" title="Jamhuriyadda – сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuriyadda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Република – сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik" title="Républik – сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Républik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="добротная статья"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik" title="Republik – шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Republik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri" title="Jamhuri – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="குடியரசு – тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="గణతంత్ర రాజ్యం – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గణతంత్ర రాజ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Ҷумҳурӣ – таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="สาธารณรัฐ – тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%93%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD" title="ሪፓብሊክ – тигринья" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሪፓብሊክ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="тигринья" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet" title="Cumhuriyet – турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cumhuriyet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Җөмһүрият – татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җөмһүрият" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B2%DB%88%D9%85%D9%89" title="جۇمھۇرىيەت تۈزۈمى – уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جۇمھۇرىيەت تۈزۈمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Республіка – украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جمہوریہ – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika" title="Respublika – узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Respublika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega" title="Repùblega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a" title="Cộng hòa – вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Republiek" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BCblik%C3%A4n" title="Repüblikän – волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Repüblikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika" title="Republika – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 – у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Republic" title="I-Republic – коса" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Republic" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="коса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რესპუბლიკა – мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7" title="רעפובליק – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעפובליק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀-èdè olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 – китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C" title="共和 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="共和" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Kiōng-hô-kok – миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6" title="共和制 – кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="共和制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7270#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тилле арасы джибериулени тюрлендириу" class="wbc-editpage">Интервикилени тюрлендир</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ат аламла"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статьяны ичиндеги [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бет</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%83:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" rel="discussion" title="Бетни ичиндегин сюзюу [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сюзюу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Тил вариантны тюрлендир" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">къарачай-малкъар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Къараула"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Окъу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Бу бетни тюзет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тюзет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Бетни чыкъгъан кодун тюрлендир [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Къайнакъны тюзет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=history" title="Бетни алгъын версиялары [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарихи</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Бет адырла"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Адырла" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Адырла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Адырла</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">къабыргъа панелге ташы</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">джашыр</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Аслам сайлам" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Этиуле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Окъу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Бу бетни тюзет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тюзет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Бетни чыкъгъан кодун тюрлендир [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Къайнакъны тюзет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=history"><span>Тарихи</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баш </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бу бетге джибериу берген бютеу бетлени тизмеси [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Бетге джибериуле</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Бу бет джибериуле берген бетледе ахыр тюрлениуле [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Байламлы тюрлениуле</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=krc" title="Файлланы джюклеу [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл джюкле</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бютеу къуллукъ бетлени тизмеси [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Къуллукъ бетле</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&oldid=91364" title="Бетни бу версиясына дайым джибериу"><span>Дайым джибериу</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=info" title="Бу бетни юсюнден аслам информация"><span>Бетни информациясы</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&id=91364&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бу бетни къалай цитата этерге керек болгъаныны юсюнден информация"><span>Бетни цитата эт</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkrc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0"><span>Къысхартылгъан URL-адрес ал</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkrc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0"><span>QR-кодну эндир</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Басма/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0"><span>Китаб къура</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF кибик эндир</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Бу бетни басмагъа версиясы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басмагъа версия</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башха проектледе </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Republic" hreflang="en"><span>Викигёзен</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7270" title="Билгилени репозиторийини байламлы элементине джибериу [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викибилгиле элементи</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Бет адырла"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Кёрюнюую"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Кёрюнюую</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">къабыргъа панелге ташы</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">джашыр</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — эркин энциклопедияны статьясы.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="krc" dir="ltr"><table align="right" style="border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding:.4em; float: right; clear: right; font-size: 90%; width: 18em; vertical-align: middle;font-size: 100% color=red border: solid 1px #adaaad;"> <tbody><tr align=""> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кърал оноуну формасы">Кърал оноуну формалары</a><br /> </th></tr> <tr align="left" style="font-size: 100%"> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Анархия">Анархия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аристократия">Аристократия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтократия">Геронтократия</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="text-align: left; border: none; padding: 1px"><div class="NavHead" style="background: ghostwhite"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Демократия">Демократия</a></li></ul> </div><div class="NavContent"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Имитация демократия">Имитация демократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Либерал демократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Либерал демократия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Келечилик демократия">Келечилик демократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туура демократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Туура демократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Буржуа демократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Буржуа демократия</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Деспотизм (быллай бет джокъду)">Деспотизм</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джамахирия (быллай бет джокъду)">Джамахирия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Диархия (быллай бет джокъду)">Диархия</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="text-align: left; border: none; padding: 1px"><div class="NavHead" style="background: ghostwhite"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диктатура">Диктатура</a></li></ul> </div><div class="NavContent"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аскер диктатура (быллай бет джокъду)">Аскер диктатура</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фашизм">Фашист диктатура</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Клептократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Клептократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Корпоратократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Корпоратократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Меритократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Меритократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Милитократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Милитократия</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="text-align: left; border: none; padding: 1px"><div class="NavHead" style="background: ghostwhite"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия">Монархия</a></li></ul> </div><div class="NavContent"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абсолют монархия (быллай бет джокъду)">Абсолют монархия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конституциялы монархия">Конституциялы монархия</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дуалист монархия (быллай бет джокъду)">Дуалист монархия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парламентар монархия (быллай бет джокъду)">Парламентар монархия</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Къауум-келечилик монархия (быллай бет джокъду)">Къауум-келечилик монархия</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нетократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Нетократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ноократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Ноократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бир партиялы система (быллай бет джокъду)">Бир партиялы система</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Олигархия (быллай бет джокъду)">Олигархия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Охлократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Охлократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Плутократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Плутократия</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="text-align: left; border: none; padding: 1px"><div class="NavHead" style="background: ghostwhite"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Республика</a></li></ul> </div><div class="NavContent"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парламент республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Парламент республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Президент республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Президент республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Къатыш республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Къатыш республика</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Теократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Теократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Технократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Технократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тимократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Тимократия</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тирания (быллай бет джокъду)">Тирания</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; color: #000; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Шаблон:Кърал оноуну формалары"><span title="Бу шаблонну кёрюгюз">кёр</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B7%D1%8E%D1%83:%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблонну сюзюу:Кърал оноуну формалары (быллай бет джокъду)"><span style="color: #002bb8;" title="Бу шаблонну сюзюу">сюз</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit"><span style="color: #002bb8;" title="Сиз бу шаблонну тюрлендирелген этелликсиз. Бетни сакълатырыгъызны аллы бла ал къарауну хайырландырыгъыз.">тюр.</span></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Респу́блика</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Латин тил">лат.</a> <i><span lang="la">res publica</span></i>, «биргелей иш») — огъары оноу, белгили бир болджалгъа халкъ сайлагъан (хаманда болмайды) органла бла бардырылгъан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Кърал оноу форма">Кърал оноуну формасыды</a>. Бусагъатда 190 къралдан, 140 республикады. </p><p>Республикада бу ышанла болуучандыла: </p> <ul><li>Бирбашлы эмда коллегиялы оноу джюрютген органланы болууу — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент">президент</a> эмда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Парламент">парламент</a>. Парламент закончыгъарыучу властды. Президентни борчу — толтуруучу властны джюрютюу, алай а бу бютеу республикалада да болмайды.</li> <li>Кърал башчыны эмда кърал оноуну башха органларыны белгили бир болджалгъа сайлау. Сёз ючюн, президент бла парламент халкъ бла белгили бир болджалгъа сайланадыла.</li> <li>Къралны башчысыны закон аллында джууаблылыгъы. Сёз ючюн, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия">Россия Федерацияны</a> Конституциясына кёре, парламент президентни законнга къаршчы иш этсе, орнундан къоратыргъа эркинлиги барды.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конституция">Конституция</a> бла белгиленнген кёзюуледе, президентни къралны аты бла сёлеширге эркинлиги барды.</li> <li>Адам хакъланы, кърал хакъланы аллында баш болууу.</li> <li>Властны тамалы халкъ баямланады.</li> <li>Огъары власть властланы айырылыууну принципинде тамалланнганды.</li></ul> <p>Республикаланы классификациясы, кърал властны къалай бардырылгънана кёре, эмда кърал-хакъла илишкилени субъектлерини къайсысында кёб полномочия болгъанына кёре этиледи. Неда, башхасыча айтсакъ, респубилкала бу юч параметрге кёре юлешинедиле: </p> <ul><li>парламент къалай сайланады,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Правительство">правительство</a> къалай къуралады,</li> <li>президентге къаллай бир полномочие бериледи.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарихи"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D0.B8"></span>Тарихи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Тарихи бёлюмню тюрлендир" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тюзет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Бёлюмню къайнакъ кодун тюзет: Тарихи"><span>къайнакъны тюзет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бюгюн дунияны къралларыны асламысы республикаладыла. Бир-бирле республикаланы арт кёзюуню кърал оноу формасы эмда демократияны синоними болгъанына ийнансалада, кертиси алай тюлдю. Бу терс оюм, эскиледен монархия формалы къраллыкъланы саны аслам болгъаны ючюн чыкъгъанды. Биринчи республикала антик заманлада огъуна къуралгъандыла ( «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Афин демократия (быллай бет джокъду)">Афин демократия</a>» и «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рим республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Рим республика</a>»). </p><p>Орта ёмюрледе бусагъатдагъы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия">Россия Федерацияны</a> джеринде узун заманны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Новгород республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Новгород республика</a> бла <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Псков республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Псков республика</a> болгъанды (къысха заманда <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тверь республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Тверь</a> бла <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Москва республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Москвада</a> да болгъанды). </p><p>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европада</a> минг джылдан артыкъ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Венециан республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Венециан республика</a> болгъанды. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дубровник республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Дубровник республика</a> — шахар-кърал, XIV-чю ёмюрден 1808-чи джылгъа дери болгъанды. </p><p>301 джыл къуралгъан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Сан-Марино">Сан-Марино</a> республика уа бусагъатдада турады. </p><p>Бусагъатдагъы республикаланы асламысында къралны башчысы (кёбюсюне, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Президент">президент</a>) бютеухалкъ сайлаула бла, неда бютеухалкъ сайлаула бла сайланнган парламент бла сайланады. Къралны башчысыны власты конституцясына кёре чекленеди. Бир-бирледе уллу полномочиялары болады (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АБШ">АБШ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия">Россия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>), бир-бирледе уа къуру церемонялыкъ функциялары болады (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a>). </p><p>Орта ёмюрдеги республикалача болмай, бусагъатдагъы демократиялыкъ къраллада президентни полномочияларыны болджалы чеклениб къалмай, болджалланы саныда чекленеди. Къралны башчысыны властыда чекленеди, хар къралда кесича. Бусагъатдагъы республикалада сайлау хакълары бютеулей адамлада барды. Сез ючюн Венециан республикада <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дож (быллай бет джокъду)">дож</a> боджалсыз сайланнганды, сайлау хакъларыда бютеу адамлада болмай, сайламалада болгъанды, кесида чексиз полномочиялагъа ие болгъанды. Бу заманладада бир-бир къраллада сайлаула бютеухалкъ тюлдюле. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Къыбыла Африка Республика">КъАР-да</a> 1990-чы джыллагъа дери <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Негр (быллай бет джокъду)">негрле</a> бла <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мулат (быллай бет джокъду)">мулатлада</a> сайлау хакъ болмагънды. </p><p>Республикалада бютеу гражданланы тенг хакълары болады, алай а бютеу джашагъан адамлада, анда туугъан болсада гражданлыкъ болмайды. </p><p>Бир-бир республикалада ёмюрлюк сенатолрла боладыла (<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Италия">Италия</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>), алай а аланы орунлары осуйлукъ къалмайды. </p><p>Республика демократияны синоними тюлдю. Кёб къралда, официал республикалада, президентни сайлаулары тыйылады неда альтернативсиз халда барылады. Бир-бир монархия къраллада уа демократия институтла кючлюдюле, алай а республикада демократияны ёсдюрюрге мадар кёбдю дерге боллукъду. Республика — эм кёб джайылгъан кърал оноу формады. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия">Монархия</a> бир-бир къраллада адет бла къалгъан болмаса, керти власт сайланнган органладады. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Республиканы_тюрлюлери"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.82.D1.8E.D1.80.D0.BB.D1.8E.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Республиканы тюрлюлери</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Республиканы тюрлюлери бёлюмню тюрлендир" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тюзет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Бёлюмню къайнакъ кодун тюзет: Республиканы тюрлюлери"><span>къайнакъны тюзет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парламент республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Парламент республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Президент республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Президент республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Къатыш республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Къатыш республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Совет республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Совет республика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ислам республика">Ислам республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Халкъ республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Халкъ республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Феодал республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Феодал республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Къул тутхан республика (быллай бет джокъду)">Къул тутхан республика</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вече (быллай бет джокъду)">Вече</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Речь Посполита">Речь Посполита</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Чыкъгъаны — «<a dir="ltr" href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Республика&oldid=91364">https://krc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Республика&oldid=91364</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Къуллукъ:Категорияла">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Категория:Къралны формалары">Къралны формалары</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бу бетни ахыр тюрленнгени: 23:04, 7 март 2013.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a> лицензияны шартларында ачылады, бир-бирде къошакъ шартла да болургъа боллукъдула. 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