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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_the_territory_and_provisional_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_the_territory_and_provisional_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Establishment of the territory and provisional government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_the_territory_and_provisional_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dissolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governors_of_the_territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governors_of_the_territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governors of the territory</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governors_of_the_territory-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governors of the territory subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governors_of_the_territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zone_A" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zone_A"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Zone A</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zone_A-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_commander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_commander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Military commander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_commander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zone_B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zone_B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Zone B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zone_B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_commander_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_commander_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Military commander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_commander_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Free Territory of Trieste</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84" title="إقليم ترييستي المستقل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إقليم ترييستي المستقل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_libre_de_Trieste" title="Territorio libre de Trieste – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Territorio libre de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Свабодная тэрыторыя Трыест – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свабодная тэрыторыя Трыест" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Свободна територия Триест – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свободна територия Триест" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodna_teritorija_Trsta" title="Slobodna teritorija Trsta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slobodna teritorija Trsta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiriad_Dieub_Trieste" title="Tiriad Dieub Trieste – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tiriad Dieub Trieste" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territori_Lliure_de_Trieste" title="Territori Lliure de Trieste – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Territori Lliure de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodn%C3%A9_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD_Terst" title="Svobodné území Terst – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svobodné území Terst" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiriogaeth_Rydd_Trieste" title="Tiriogaeth Rydd Trieste – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tiriogaeth Rydd Trieste" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fristaten_Trieste" title="Fristaten Trieste – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fristaten Trieste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freies_Territorium_von_Triest" title="Freies Territorium von Triest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freies Territorium von Triest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_Vaba_Territoorium" title="Trieste Vaba Territoorium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Trieste Vaba Territoorium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ελεύθερη Επικράτεια της Τεργέστης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελεύθερη Επικράτεια της Τεργέστης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_libre_de_Trieste" title="Territorio libre de Trieste – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Territorio libre de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triesteko_Lurralde_Askea" title="Triesteko Lurralde Askea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Triesteko Lurralde Askea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="قلمرو آزاد تریسته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلمرو آزاد تریسته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoire_libre_de_Trieste" title="Territoire libre de Trieste – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Territoire libre de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_Libre_de_Trieste" title="Territorio Libre de Trieste – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Territorio Libre de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="트리에스테 자유 지구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트리에스테 자유 지구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodni_teritorij_Trsta" title="Slobodni teritorij Trsta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slobodni teritorij Trsta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Merdeka_Trieste" title="Wilayah Merdeka Trieste – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah Merdeka Trieste" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_Libero_di_Trieste" title="Territorio Libero di Trieste – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Territorio Libero di Trieste" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტრიესტის თავისუფალი ტერიტორია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრიესტის თავისუფალი ტერიტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorium_Liberum_Tergestis" title="Territorium Liberum Tergestis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Territorium Liberum Tergestis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triestes_br%C4%ABv%C4%81_teritorija" title="Triestes brīvā teritorija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Triestes brīvā teritorija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triesto_laisvoji_teritorija" title="Triesto laisvoji teritorija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Triesto laisvoji teritorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Слободна територија Трст – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Слободна територија Трст" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Bebas_Trieste" title="Wilayah Bebas Trieste – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilayah Bebas Trieste" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrije_zone_Tri%C3%ABst" title="Vrije zone Triëst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrije zone Triëst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F" title="トリエステ自由地域 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トリエステ自由地域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorio_libero_di_Trieste" title="Territorio libero di Trieste – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Territorio libero di Trieste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolne_Terytorium_Triestu" title="Wolne Terytorium Triestu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolne Terytorium Triestu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territ%C3%B3rio_Livre_de_Trieste" title="Território Livre de Trieste – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Território Livre de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Свободная территория Триест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свободная территория Триест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territ%C3%B2riu_L%C3%ACberu_de_Trieste" title="Territòriu Lìberu de Trieste – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Territòriu Lìberu de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Free Territory of Trieste" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodno_tr%C5%BEa%C5%A1ko_ozemlje" title="Svobodno tržaško ozemlje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svobodno tržaško ozemlje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Слободна Територија Трста – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слободна Територија Трста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodni_Teritorij_Trsta" title="Slobodni Teritorij Trsta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slobodni Teritorij Trsta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triesten_vapaa-alue" title="Triesten vapaa-alue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Triesten vapaa-alue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fria_territoriet_Trieste" title="Fria territoriet Trieste – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fria territoriet Trieste" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95" title="ดินแดนเสรีตรีเยสเต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดินแดนเสรีตรีเยสเต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_Serbest_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="Trieste Serbest Bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trieste Serbest Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%96%D1%94%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вільна територія Трієста – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільна територія Трієста" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8C%BA" title="的里雅斯特自由区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="的里雅斯特自由区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8D%80" title="第里雅斯特自由區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&params=45.68_N_13.75_E_type:country_source:kolossus-ptwiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.68°N 13.75°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.68; 13.75</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former country in Europe between Italy and Yugoslavia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow 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.ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Free Territory of Trieste</div><div class="ib-country-names"><small><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Territorio Libero di Trieste</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">Svobodno tržaško ozemlje</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>)</span><br /><span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Slobodni Teritorij Trsta</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr">Слободна Територија Трста</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><span title="Venetian-language text"><i lang="vec">Teritorio Libero de Trieste</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Triestine_dialect" title="Triestine dialect">Triestine</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1947–1954</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Trieste"><img alt="Official flag of the Free Territory of Trieste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg/250px-Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></div> <div>Flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Trieste"><img alt="Coat of Arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/70px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/105px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/140px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Inno Di San Giusto</i></span><br />"Hymn to Saint Justus"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zone A (the green area and a small part of purple area) and Zone B (the pink and most of the purple area), indicating how the territory was split following its dissolution (green to Italy, pink to the People's Republic of Croatia, purple to the People's Republic of Slovenia)"><img alt="Zone A (the green area and a small part of purple area) and Zone B (the pink and most of the purple area), indicating how the territory was split following its dissolution (green to Italy, pink to the People's Republic of Croatia, purple to the People's Republic of Slovenia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg/250px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg/375px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg/500px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="792" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Zone A (the green area and a small part of purple area) and Zone B (the pink and most of the purple area), indicating how the territory was split following its dissolution (green to Italy, pink to the People's Republic of Croatia, purple to the People's Republic of Slovenia)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent territory under <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_16" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 16">direct responsibility</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>only for administrative purposes</i>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Orthodoxy">Serbian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trieste" title="History of the Jews in Trieste">Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Triestine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Temporary_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary government">Temporary</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UNSC</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Military_government" title="Military government">military government</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Province_of_Trieste" title="List of governors of the Province of Trieste">Governor</a> (Zone A)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1945 <small>(first)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Freyberg">Bernard Freyberg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1951–1954 <small>(last)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winterton" title="John Winterton">John Winterton</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Province_of_Trieste" title="List of governors of the Province of Trieste">Governor</a> (Zone B)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1945–1947 <small>(first)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Kveder" title="Dušan Kveder">Dušan Kveder</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1951–1954 <small>(last)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Stamatovi%C4%87" title="Miloš Stamatović">Miloš Stamatović</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data">People's Assembly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Trieste_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste operation">Trieste operation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 April 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_16" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 16">UNSC Resolution 16</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 January 1947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Paris</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 February 1947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Memorandum_(1954)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Memorandum (1954) (page does not exist)">London Memorandum</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 October 1954</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 November 1975</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_lira" title="Italian lira">Italian lira</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Zone A)</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triestine_lira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triestine lira (page does not exist)">Triestine lira</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Zone B)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/First_Italian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First Italian Republic">Italy</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Free Territory of Trieste</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an independent territory in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a> between <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, facing the north part of the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>, under <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_16" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 16">direct responsibility</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">aftermath of World War II</a>. For a period of seven years, it acted as a free city. </p><p>The territory was established on 10 February 1947, by a protocol of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Peace with Italy</a>, to accommodate an ethnically and culturally mixed population in a neutral independent country. The intention was also to cool down territorial claims between Italy and Yugoslavia, due to its strategic importance for trade with <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>. It came into existence on 15 September 1947. Its administration was divided into two areas: one being the port city of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with a narrow coastal strip to the northwest (Zone A); the other (Zone B) was formed by a small portion of the north-western part of the <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istrian peninsula</a>. </p><p>The territory was <i>de facto</i> dissolved in 1954 and given to Italy (Zone A) and Yugoslavia (Zone B). This created a border dispute which was only settled twenty years later with the signing of the bilateral <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a> in 1975, which was ratified in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-nusa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nusa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Trieste and the territory which formed Zone A is today part of Italy's <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a> region. Following the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">dissolution of Yugoslavia</a> in the early 1990s, the area of the former Zone B is today part of <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg/150px-Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg/225px-Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg/300px-Carta_Identita_FTT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Free Territory of Trieste <a href="/wiki/Identity_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity card">identity card</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Free Territory of Trieste comprised an area of 738 square kilometres (285 sq mi) around the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Trieste" title="Gulf of Trieste">Gulf of Trieste</a> in the northern Adriatic, from <a href="/wiki/Duino" title="Duino">Duino</a> (Devin) in the north to <a href="/wiki/Novigrad,_Istria_County" title="Novigrad, Istria County">Cittanova</a> (Novigrad) in the south, and had approximately 330,000 inhabitants. </p><p>It bordered post-war <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> to the east and south. The rivers of the territory included the <a href="/wiki/Ri%C5%BEana" title="Rižana">Rižana/Risano</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dragonja" title="Dragonja">Dragonja/Dragogna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Timavo" title="Timavo">Timavo/Timava</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Val_Rosandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Rosandra">Val Rosandra/Glinščica</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mirna_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirna (Croatia)">Mirna/Quieto</a>. The Territory's highest point was at <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cocusso" title="Monte Cocusso">Monte Cocusso/Kokoš</a> (668 metres (2,192 ft)). Its most extreme points were near <a href="/wiki/Medeazza" class="mw-redirect" title="Medeazza">Medeazza/Medjavas</a> at 45° 48’ in the north, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarski_Zaliv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarski Zaliv (page does not exist)">Tarski Zaliv / Porto Quieto</a> at 45° 18’ in the south, <a href="/wiki/Savudrija" title="Savudrija">Savudrija / Punta Salvore</a> at 13° 29’ in the west, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C4%8Dana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gročana (page does not exist)">Gročana/Grozzana</a> at 13° 55’ in the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Imperial Free City of Trieste</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste_-_Zone_B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption> Unofficial coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste as used in Zone B from 1947 to 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1382, Trieste had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, whilst neighboring <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a> had been divided for centuries between the Habsburg monarchy (its central, northern and eastern parts) and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> (its western and southern parts). The population of the territory has been diverse and mixed, with different and often changing ethnic majorities in different parts of the territory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>-speakers have been predominant in most urban settlements and along the coast, with significant ethnic Slavic minorities of <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> inland – especially in the Trieste district, where Slovenes represented a third of the population by the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (although most of them were recent arrivals, after 1880, from interior Slovene districts).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The countryside of the territory was mostly populated by ethnic Slovenes or Croats in the southernmost portion of the area. There was also a smaller number of <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanians" title="Istro-Romanians">Istro-Romanians</a>, Greeks, Albanians, as well as a sizeable <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trieste" title="History of the Jews in Trieste">Triestine Jewish</a> community. </p><p>The local <a href="/wiki/Triestine_dialect" title="Triestine dialect">Triestine dialect</a> reflects this ethnic mix. Based on the Romance <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian language</a>, the dialect was influenced by ancient <a href="/wiki/Rhaeto-Romance_languages" title="Rhaeto-Romance languages">Rhaeto-Romance</a> substrate. In addition, some Triestine vocabulary are of <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovene</a> origin, and there are also loanwords from other languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>. </p><p>The variations of spoken Slovenian and <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a> in the territory were also largely dialectal, sharing words with the Triestine and Istrian dialects. In the southernmost part of the territory, the Croatian-based dialects are of the <a href="/wiki/Chakavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakavian dialect">Chakavian</a> type, while the Venetian-based Istrian is also commonly used. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG/150px-Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG/225px-Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG/300px-Marshall_Plan_poster.JPG 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>A 1950 poster for the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> displaying national flags of European countries, including one for Trieste with a blue background (the United Nations' official colour)</figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of World War I in 1918 and the dissolution of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, Kingdom of Italy annexed Trieste, Istria and part of modern-day western <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, establishing the border region known as the <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a> (Venezia Giulia). In 1924, Italy also annexed the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Fiume" title="Free State of Fiume">Free State of Fiume</a> (now the city of <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> in Croatia). </p><p>During the 1920s and 1930s, the Slavic population was subject to forced <a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a> and discrimination under the <a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian Fascist</a> regime led by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>. They were also exposed to <a href="/wiki/State_violence" title="State violence">state violence</a> by mobs incited by the ruling fascist party <a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">PNF</a>, which included the infamous burning of the <a href="/wiki/Trieste_National_Hall" title="Trieste National Hall">Slovene National Hall</a> in Trieste on 13 July 1920. Because of this, some native Slovenes and Croats emigrated to Yugoslavia, while others joined the <a href="/wiki/TIGR" title="TIGR">TIGR</a> resistance organization, whose methods included more than 100 bombings and assassinations, mostly against Italian authorities in the region, and especially in the areas around Trieste and <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a> to the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trieste-Italy_border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trieste-Italy_border.jpg/250px-Trieste-Italy_border.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trieste-Italy_border.jpg/375px-Trieste-Italy_border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Trieste-Italy_border.jpg/500px-Trieste-Italy_border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Border between the Free Territory of Trieste (<a href="/wiki/Duino-Aurisina" title="Duino-Aurisina">Duino-Aurisina / Devin-Nabrežina</a>) and Italy (<a href="/wiki/Monfalcone" title="Monfalcone">Monfalcone</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in 1940, Italy joined <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>. When the Fascist regime collapsed and Italy capitulated with the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a> in September 1943, the territory in and around Trieste was occupied by the German <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> armed forces, which made the city the capital of their regional <a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Adriatic_Littoral" title="Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral">Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral</a> (OZAK). </p><p>Amid the collapse of German front line towards the end of the war, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisan</a> units (<a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="4th Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">4th Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/9th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="9th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">9th Corps</a>) entered Trieste on 1 May 1945, after a battle in the town of <a href="/wiki/Opicina" title="Opicina">Opicina</a> on the outskirts of Trieste. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2nd_New_Zealand_Division" title="2nd New Zealand Division">2nd New Zealand Division</a> also arrived the following day, and forced the surrender of some 2,000 German troops holding out in Trieste, who warily had refused to capitulate to Yugoslav troops, fearing reprisals and executions. An uneasy truce then developed between New Zealand and Yugoslav troops occupying the area, until British General <a href="/wiki/William_Duthie_Morgan" title="William Duthie Morgan">William Morgan</a> proposed partition of the territory into separate military-administered zones. </p><p>Yugoslav leader <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> agreed with the idea on 23 May, as the British <a href="/wiki/XIII_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XIII Corps (United Kingdom)">13th Corps</a> was moving forward to the proposed demarcation line. A formal agreement on partition was signed in <a href="/wiki/Duino" title="Duino">Duino</a> on 10 June, which created the so-called <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Line" title="Morgan Line">Morgan Line</a> dividing the Julian March territory. Yugoslav troops withdrew to their area on 12 June 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_the_territory_and_provisional_government">Establishment of the territory and provisional government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment of the territory and provisional government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StampTrieste_B1948Michel1I.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/StampTrieste_B1948Michel1I.JPG/250px-StampTrieste_B1948Michel1I.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/StampTrieste_B1948Michel1I.JPG/330px-StampTrieste_B1948Michel1I.JPG 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>A postage stamp for Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste, 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1947, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> approved <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_16" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 16">Resolution 16</a> under Article 24 of its charter calling for the creation of a free state in Trieste and the region surrounding it. A permanent statute codifying its provisions was to become recognized under international law upon the appointment of an international governor approved by the Quatripartite Powers (UK, US, France, and the Soviet Union). On 15 September 1947, the peace treaty between the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) and Italy was ratified, establishing the Free Territory of Trieste. </p><p>Official languages were Italian and Slovene, possibly with the use of Serbo-Croatian in the portion of Zone B south of the <a href="/wiki/Dragonja" title="Dragonja">Dragonja</a> River. However, local government bodies were never formed, and it continued to be run by military authorities, respecting the administrative division demarcated by the Morgan Line: Zone A, which was 222.5 square kilometres (85.9 sq mi) and had a population of 262,406 - including Trieste itself – was administered by the British and American forces; Zone B, –which was 515.5 square kilometres (199.0 sq mi) with 71,000 residents – including north-western Istria – was administered by the Yugoslav army. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009,_Radrennfahrer,_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009%2C_Radrennfahrer%2C_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009%2C_Radrennfahrer%2C_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009%2C_Radrennfahrer%2C_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009%2C_Radrennfahrer%2C_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009%2C_Radrennfahrer%2C_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-06420-0009%2C_Radrennfahrer%2C_Mannschaft_aus_Triest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Cyclists from the Free Territory of Trieste during the 1950 <a href="/wiki/Peace_Race" title="Peace Race">Peace Race</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between October 1947 and March 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> rejected the candidacy of 12 successive nominees for the civilian governor of the territory, at which point the Tripartite Powers (United States, United Kingdom, and France) issued a note to the Soviet and Yugoslav governments on 20 March 1948 recommending that the territory be returned to Italian sovereignty. </p><p>Since no governor was ever appointed under the terms of UN Resolution 16, the Territory never functioned as a real independent state – although its formal status and separate sovereignty were generally respected. It operated as a separate state in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> (launched in April 1948) and the related <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OEEC</a> (formed in March 1948).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Tito-Stalin_split" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito-Stalin split">Tito-Stalin split</a> in mid-1948 led to the deterioration of relations between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, which resulted in a political stalemate, and the proposal to return the territory to Italy was suspended until 1954. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Allied_Military_Government_of_Occupied_Territories" title="Allied Military Government of Occupied Territories">Allied Military Government</a> (AMG) thus continued to administer Zone A. The governance was split into peacekeeping and law enforcement sectors, with the local command comprising 5,000 Americans in the <a href="/wiki/Trieste_United_States_Troops" title="Trieste United States Troops">Trieste United States Troops</a> (TRUST) and 5,000 British personnel in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Element_Trieste_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Element Trieste Forces (page does not exist)">British Element Trieste Forces</a> (BETFOR). </p><p>According to the estimates published by the Allied Military Government, the population in Zone A as of 1949 was about 310,000, which included 239,200 ethnic Italians and 63,000 ethnic Slovenes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to contemporary Italian sources,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in Zone B there were at the time 36,000 to 55,000 Italians and 12,000 to 17,000 Slovenes and Croats. According to the Yugoslav census of 1945 (which was considered falsified by the Quadripartite Commission set up by the UN),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the part of Istria which was to become Zone B there were a total of 67,461 inhabitants - including 30,789 Slovenes, Serbs and Croats, 29,672 Italians, and 7,000 people of unidentified nationality. </p><p>Elections in the Territory were held twice, in 1949 and 1952, but only for municipal councils. The elections for what was supposed to be the People's Assembly (Free Territory of Trieste's national legislature) were never held. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg/220px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg/330px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg/440px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_Diplomatic_visa_issued_in_Vienna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="1429" /></a><figcaption>Free Territory of Trieste Diplomatic visa issued in Vienna.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dissolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 October 1954, the London Memorandum was signed by ministers of the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, and Yugoslavia. The memorandum effectively disestablished the Free Territory of Trieste, which meant that the civilian administration was formally transferred to neighboring Italy and Yugoslavia. </p><p>Most of Zone A, including Trieste, was given to Italy, while Zone B – which already had a separate communist civilian government since 1947 – was given to Yugoslavia. In addition, Yugoslavia received several villages of Zone A in the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Muggia" title="Muggia">Muggia</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Dorligo_della_Valle" title="San Dorligo della Valle">San Dorligo della Valle</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Plavje" title="Plavje">Plavje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spodnje_%C5%A0kofije" title="Spodnje Škofije">Spodnje Škofije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elerji" title="Elerji">Elerji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrvatini" title="Hrvatini">Hrvatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolomban" title="Kolomban">Kolomban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerej" title="Cerej">Cerej</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preman%C4%8Dan" title="Premančan">Premančan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barizoni" title="Barizoni">Barizoni</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socerb" title="Socerb">Socerb</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Socerb_Castle" title="Socerb Castle">its castle</a>), according to the demarcation line defined by Annex I. </p><p>However, objections to the demarcation line and territorial claims from both sides continued. These were finally put to rest with the November 1975 signing of the bilateral <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a> between Italy and Yugoslavia, which ended any current or future claims – as the London Memorandum had only dissolved the territory <i>de facto</i>, but not <i>de jure</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sistory1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sistory1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governors_of_the_territory">Governors of the territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Governors of the territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zone_A">Zone A</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Zone A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_commander">Military commander</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Military commander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Governor </th> <th>In office </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td>Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Freyberg,_1st_Baron_Freyberg" title="Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg">Bernard Freyberg</a> * </td> <td>2 May 1945 – July 1945 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Col. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Connor_Bowman" title="Alfred Connor Bowman">Alfred Connor Bowman</a> * </td> <td>July 1945 – July 1947 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Col. <a href="/wiki/James_Jewett_Carnes" title="James Jewett Carnes">James Jewett Carnes</a> * </td> <td>July 1947 – 15 September 1947 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Terence_Airey" title="Terence Airey">Sir Terence Airey</a> </td> <td>15 September 1947 – 31 March 1951 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/John_Winterton" title="John Winterton">Sir John Winterton</a> </td> <td>1 April 1951 – 26 October 1954 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zone_B">Zone B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Zone B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_commander_2">Military commander</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Military commander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Governor </th> <th>In office </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Kveder" title="Dušan Kveder">Dušan Kveder</a> * </td> <td>1 May 1945 – September 1947 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Federal_People%27s_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirko_Lenac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirko Lenac (page does not exist)">Mirko Lenac</a> </td> <td>15 September 1947 – March 1951 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Stamatovi%C4%87" title="Miloš Stamatović">Miloš Stamatović</a> </td> <td>March 1951 – 25 October 1954 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>*Governors of all <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a> prior to the establishment of the Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of the territory was based on its ports, namely the <a href="/wiki/Trieste_Free_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste Free Port">Free Port of Trieste</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Koper" title="Port of Koper">Port of Koper/Capodistria</a>. The first had a peculiar <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free zone</a> (nowadays also <a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">offshore</a>) status originated in 1719<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Peace with Italy of 1947</a>, which allows the transportation of goods inside the area. This status is recognised by the international community and the European Union.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An excerpt from the answer given by <a href="/wiki/Algirdas_%C5%A0emeta" title="Algirdas Šemeta">Algirdas Šemeta</a> on 7 August 2012, on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> about the Free Port of Trieste:<sup id="cite_ref-eu_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Annex VIII to the Treaty of peace with Italy of 10 February 1947 stipulates in its Article 1 that the port of Trieste shall be a customs-free port. Article 5(2) of Annex VIII provides that in connection with the importation into or exportation from or transit through the Free Port, <i>the authorities of the Free Territory shall not levy on such goods customs duties or charges other than those levied for services rendered</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [emphasis added]</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Confederazione_dei_Sindacati_Unici_Classisti_del_Territorio_libero_di_Trieste" title="Confederazione dei Sindacati Unici Classisti del Territorio libero di Trieste">Confederazione dei Sindacati Unici Classisti del Territorio libero di Trieste</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the late 1940s and in the years following the division of the territory, up to 40,000 people<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (mostly Italians) chose to leave the Yugoslav Zone B and move to the Italian Zone A for various reasons: some were intimidated into leaving, and some simply preferred not to live in Yugoslavia. Within Yugoslavia, the people who left were referred to as <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">optanti</i></span></i> 'choosers', whereas they called themselves <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">esuli</i></span></i> 'exiles'. About 14,000 Italians chose to remain in the Yugoslav zone. The population of the Free Territory of Trieste was approximately 370,000 in 1949. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste">Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_16" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 16">United Nations Security Council Resolution 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Line" title="Morgan Line">Morgan Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Littoral" title="Slovene Littoral">Slovene Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trieste" title="Province of Trieste">Province of Trieste</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Province_of_Trieste" title="List of governors of the Province of Trieste">List of governors of the Province of Trieste</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triestine_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Triestine Serbs">Triestine Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Istria" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Istria">Slovenian Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_United_States_Troops" title="Trieste United States Troops">Trieste United States Troops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai International Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/973F5ACC5148F42B85257506007BDAC2">the original</a> on 6 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A%2FAC.25%2FCom.Jer%2FW.4&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F973F5ACC5148F42B85257506007BDAC2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Territorio libero di Trieste</i>; <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Svobodno tržaško ozemlje</i>; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Slobodni teritorij Trsta</i>; <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">Cлободна Територија Трста</span>; <a href="/wiki/Triestine_dialect" title="Triestine dialect">Triestine</a> <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: <i>Teritorio Libero de Trieste</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nusa-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nusa_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drašček, Nuša. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/dela/Drascek-Nuska.PDF">"Slovenska zahodna meja po drugi svetovni vojni"</a>, diplomsko delo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, 2005, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927111019/http://dk.fdv.uni-lj.si/dela/Drascek-Nuska.PDF">Archived</a> 27 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220202023/http://www.kozina.com/premik/1910-02.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kozina.com/premik/1910-02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Stanford+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgi.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Fwais%2Fcgi-bin%2Findex.php%3Fp%3D587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060627095427/http://www.ashburtonguardian.co.nz/index.asp?articleid=5112">"Ashburton Guardian"</a>. <i>ashburtonguardian.co.nz</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milhist.net/docs/intellrev.html#59">the original</a> on 9 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Settling+the+Question+of+Trieste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milhist.net%2Fdocs%2Fintellrev.html%2359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309184546/http://www.milhist.net/docs/intellrev.html#3">"Venezia Giulia: Area of Dispute"</a>. <i>Intelligence Review</i> (3): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>36. 28 February 1946. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+Review&rft.atitle=Venezia+Giulia%3A+Area+of+Dispute&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=1946-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milhist.net%2Fdocs%2Fintellrev.html%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sistory1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sistory1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?target=pdf&urn=SISTORY:ID:5068#page=153">Tržaški Slovenci in vprašanje razdelitve Svobodnega tržaškega ozemlja, pages 411–422</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Italy.htm#Trieste">Worldstatesmen / Italy / Trieste</a> by Ben Cahoon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621121851/http://www.docutren.com/congreso_palma/pdfs/com/Ses02/0208_Kreuzer.pdf">"The port of Trieste and its railway connections in the Habsburg monarchy: economic change and infrastructure problems, 1850–1918"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>docutren.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docutren.com/congreso_palma/pdfs/com/Ses02/0208_Kreuzer.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docutren.com&rft.atitle=The+port+of+Trieste+and+its+railway+connections+in+the+Habsburg+monarchy%3A+economic+change+and+infrastructure+problems%2C+1850%E2%80%931918&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.docutren.com%2Fcongreso_palma%2Fpdfs%2Fcom%2FSes02%2F0208_Kreuzer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=E-2012-006217&language=EN">"Answer to a written question – Free Port of Trieste – E-006217/2012"</a>. <i>www.europarl.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Answer+to+a+written+question+%E2%80%93+Free+Port+of+Trieste+%E2%80%93+E-006217%2F2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetAllAnswers.do%3Freference%3DE-2012-006217%26language%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130218091158/http://www.isdit.it/articoli/98-0047.htm">"The jurisdictional regime of the Free Zones (in Italian)"</a>. <i>isdit.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isdit.it/articoli/98-0047.htm">the original</a> on 18 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isdit.it&rft.atitle=The+jurisdictional+regime+of+the+Free+Zones+%28in+Italian%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isdit.it%2Farticoli%2F98-0047.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetacco1999" class="citation book cs1">Petacco, Arrigo (1999). <i>The Exodus. The Story of the Italian Population of Istria, Dalmatia, and Venezia Giulia</i>. Milan: Mondadori.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Exodus.+The+Story+of+the+Italian+Population+of+Istria%2C+Dalmatia%2C+and+Venezia+Giulia&rft.place=Milan&rft.pub=Mondadori&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Petacco&rft.aufirst=Arrigo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Territory+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_Territory_of_Trieste" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021001203319/http://images.google.com/images?hl=en">Vintage <i>Life</i> Magazine Photos of Trieste</a> at Google Images.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_809.pdf">http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2015_809.pdf</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Free_Territory_of_Trieste&params=45.68_N_13.75_E_type:country_source:kolossus-ptwiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.68°N 13.75°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.68; 13.75</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trieste205" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trieste" title="Template:Trieste"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trieste" title="Template talk:Trieste"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trieste" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trieste"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trieste205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Trieste" title="Timeline of Trieste">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trieste" title="History of the Jews in Trieste">Jewish community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Imperial Free City of Trieste</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1849–1922)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Province_of_Trieste" title="List of governors of the Province of Trieste">Governors</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1918–54)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Line" title="Morgan Line">Morgan Line</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free Territory of Trieste</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1947–54)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trieste" title="Province of Trieste">Province of Trieste</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/64px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/96px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/128px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography and<br />surrounding area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Trieste" title="Gulf of Trieste">Gulf of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duino_Castle" title="Duino Castle">Duino Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_Gigante" title="Grotta Gigante">Grotta Gigante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistiana" title="Sistiana">Sistiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Rosandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Rosandra">Val Rosandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altura,_Trieste" title="Altura, Trieste">Altura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozzol" title="Rozzol">Rozzol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Trieste" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Trieste">Buildings and landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_San_Marco" title="Caffè San Marco">Caffè San Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleines_Berlin" title="Kleines Berlin">Kleines Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramare_Castle" title="Miramare Castle">Miramare Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Unit%C3%A0_d%27Italia" title="Piazza Unità d'Italia">Piazza Unità d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Venezia,_Trieste" title="Piazza Venezia, Trieste">Piazza Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia_Excelsior_Palace" title="Savoia Excelsior Palace">Savoia Excelsior Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Astronomical_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste Astronomical Observatory">Trieste Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civico_Orto_Botanico_di_Trieste" title="Civico Orto Botanico di Trieste">Trieste Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Commodity_Exchange" title="Trieste Commodity Exchange">Trieste Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Light" title="Vittoria Light">Victory Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Grande_(Trieste)" title="Canal Grande (Trieste)">Canal Grande</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Catholic: <a href="/wiki/Trieste_Cathedral" title="Trieste Cathedral">Trieste Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Monte_Grisa" title="Temple of Monte Grisa">Temple of Monte Grisa</a></li> <li>Jewish: <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Trieste" title="Synagogue of Trieste">Trieste Synagogue</a></li> <li>Serb Orthodox: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Spyridon_Church,_Trieste" title="Saint Spyridon Church, Trieste">St. Spyridon Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politeama_Rossetti" title="Politeama Rossetti">Politeama Rossetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risiera_di_San_Sabba" title="Risiera di San Sabba">Risiera di San Sabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoltella_Museum" title="Revoltella Museum">Revoltella Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Sartorio" title="Museo Sartorio">Sartorio Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_theatre_in_Trieste" title="Slovene theatre in Trieste">Teatro Stabile Sloveno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Lirico_Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi">Teatro Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Campo_Marzio_Railway_Museum" title="Trieste Campo Marzio Railway Museum">Trieste Campo Marzio Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Film_Festival" title="Trieste Film Festival">Trieste Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civico_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Trieste" title="Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste">Trieste Natural History Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Newspapers: <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Il_Piccolo" title="Il Piccolo">Il Piccolo</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl"><a href="/wiki/Primorski_dnevnik" title="Primorski dnevnik">Primorski dnevnik</a></i></span></li> <li>Radio: <a href="/wiki/Radio_Trst_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Trst A">Radio Trst A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">University of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIB_School_of_Management_Trieste" title="MIB School of Management Trieste">MIB School of Management Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AREA_Science_Park" title="AREA Science Park">AREA Science Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/ELETTRA" title="ELETTRA">ELETTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Genetic_Engineering_and_Biotechnology" title="International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology">ICGEB</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics" title="International Centre for Theoretical Physics">International Centre for Theoretical Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_for_Advanced_Studies" title="International School for Advanced Studies">International School for Advanced Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">The World Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Current: <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Nereo_Rocco" title="Stadio Nereo Rocco">Stadio Nereo Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PalaTrieste" title="PalaTrieste">PalaTrieste</a></li> <li>Former: <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Giuseppe_Grezar" title="Stadio Giuseppe Grezar">Stadio Littorio</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1932–92)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Trieste" title="Port of Trieste">Port of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_%E2%80%93_Friuli_Venezia_Giulia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste – Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport">Trieste Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Centrale_railway_station" title="Trieste Centrale railway station">Trieste Centrale railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramare_railway_station" title="Miramare railway station">Miramare railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Opicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Opicina">Villa Opicina railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste%E2%80%93Opicina_tramway" title="Trieste–Opicina tramway">Trieste–Opicina tramway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_historic_states_of_Italy257" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_monarchies_Italian_peninsula" title="Template:Former monarchies Italian peninsula"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_monarchies_Italian_peninsula" title="Template talk:Former monarchies Italian peninsula"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_monarchies_Italian_peninsula" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former monarchies Italian peninsula"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_historic_states_of_Italy257" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">List of historic states of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Pre-Roman period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapygians" title="Iapygians">Iapygians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Roman Kingdom</a> (753 BC–509 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> (509 BC–27 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (27 BC–395 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (395–476 AD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Medieval<br />and<br />Early Modern<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Barbarian kingdoms<br />(476–774)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(476%E2%80%93493)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (476–493)">Odoacer's rule</a> (476–493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic rule</a> (493–553)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom" title="Vandal Kingdom">Vandal rule</a> (435–534)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard rule</a> (568–774) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duchy of Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Friuli" title="Duchy of Friuli">Duchy of Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Ivrea">Duchy of Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Duchy of Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Tridentum" title="Duchy of Tridentum">Duchy of Tridentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Tuscia" title="Duchy of Tuscia">Duchy of Tuscia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (584–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a> (584–751) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a> (533–751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Perugia" title="Duchy of Perugia">Duchy of Perugia</a> (554–752)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_the_Pentapolis" title="Duchy of the Pentapolis">Duchy of the Pentapolis</a> (554–752)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a> (585–698)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a><br />(754–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrimony_of_Saint_Peter" title="Patrimony of Saint Peter">Patrimony of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagna_e_Marittima_Province" title="Campagna e Marittima Province">Campagna e Marittima Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_of_Rome" title="Commune of Rome">Commune of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Castro" title="Duchy of Castro">Duchy of Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ferrara" title="Duchy of Ferrara">Duchy of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" title="Duchy of Parma and Piacenza">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Urbino" title="Duchy of Urbino">Duchy of Urbino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br />and other<br />independent<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Brixen" title="Prince-Bishopric of Brixen">Bishopric of Bressanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_Republic" title="Corsican Republic">Corsican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Fiume)" title="Corpus separatum (Fiume)">City of Fiume and its District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Gorizia" title="County of Gorizia">County of Gorizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_County_of_Gorizia_and_Gradisca" title="Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca">Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Guastalla" title="County of Guastalla">County of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Santa_Fiora" title="County of Santa Fiora">County of Santa Fiora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guastalla" title="Duchy of Guastalla">Duchy of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Ancona" title="March of Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Ceva" title="Marquisate of Ceva">Ceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Finale" title="Marquisate of Finale">Finale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Friuli" title="March of Friuli">March of Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patria_del_Friuli" title="Patria del Friuli">Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Ivrea" title="March of Ivrea">Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Mantua" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Mantua">Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Milan" title="Lordship of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Montferrat" title="March of Montferrat">March of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Montferrat" title="Duchy of Montferrat">Duchy of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Turin" title="March of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Tuscany" title="March of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Verona" title="March of Verona">Verona</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Ivrea">Duchy of Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mantua" title="Duchy of Mantua">Duchy of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Duchy of Massa and Carrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Merania" title="Duchy of Merania">Duchy of Merania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mirandola" title="Duchy of Mirandola">Duchy of Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Novellara_and_Bagnolo" title="County of Novellara and Bagnolo">County of Novellara and Bagnolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Piombino" title="Principality of Piombino">Principality of Piombino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Reggio" title="Duchy of Reggio">Duchy of Reggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Saluzzo" title="Marquisate of Saluzzo">Marquisate of Saluzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Duchy of Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Tarentaise" title="Ancient Diocese of Tarentaise">Bishopric of Tarantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Trent" title="Prince-Bishopric of Trent">Prince-Bishopric of Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">Savoyard state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Prince of Piedmont">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aosta" title="Duchy of Aosta">Duchy of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tende" title="Tende">County of Tenda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a><br />(697–1797)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogado" title="Dogado">Dogado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domini_di_Terraferma" title="Domini di Terraferma">Domini di Terraferma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other Republics<br />(c. 1000–1797)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cospaia" title="Republic of Cospaia">Republic of Cospaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lucca" title="Republic of Lucca">Republic of Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Massa" title="Republic of Massa">Republic of Massa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Republic of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Noli" title="Republic of Noli">Republic of Noli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ancona" title="Republic of Ancona">Republic of Ancona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_south_Italian_principalities" title="List of south Italian principalities">Southern Italy</a><br />(774–1139)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Byzantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Duchy of Amalfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gaeta" title="Duchy of Gaeta">Duchy of Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Catepanate of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longobardia" title="Longobardia">Longobardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucania_(theme)" title="Lucania (theme)">Theme of Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Naples" title="Duchy of Naples">Duchy of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily_(theme)" title="Sicily (theme)">Theme of Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Sicily">Byzantine Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Sorrento" title="Duchy of Sorrento">Duchy of Sorrento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bari" title="Emirate of Bari">Emirate of Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sicily" title="Muslim Sicily">Muslim Sicily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Lombard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Principality of Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Salerno" title="Principality of Salerno">Principality of Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Principality of Capua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="County of Apulia and Calabria">County of Apulia and Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Aversa" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Aversa">County of Aversa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">County of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Taranto" title="Principality of Taranto">Principality of Taranto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> <br />(from the 9th century)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">Judicates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agugliastra" title="Agugliastra">Agugliastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Arborea" title="Judicate of Arborea">Arborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Cagliari" title="Judicate of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Gallura" title="Judicate of Gallura">Gallura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Logudoro" title="Judicate of Logudoro">Logudoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Oristano" title="Marquisate of Oristano">Oristano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sassari" title="Republic of Sassari">Republic of Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1324%E2%80%931720)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (1324–1861)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a><br />(1130–1816) and<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a><br />(1282–1816)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Presidi" title="State of the Presidi">State of the Presidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_San_Donato" title="Duke of San Donato">Duke of San Donato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Sora" title="Duchy of Sora">Duchy of Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bari" title="Duchy of Bari">Duchy of Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Lecce" title="County of Lecce">County of Lecce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Taranto" title="Principality of Taranto">Principality of Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Sancti_Benedicti" title="Terra Sancti Benedicti">Terra Sancti Benedicti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647%E2%80%931648)" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648)">Neapolitan Republic</a> (1647–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Gozo (1798–1800)">Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Malta Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Revolutionary</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Napoleonic</a> eras<br />(1792–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Republics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Republic_(Napoleonic)" title="Italian Republic (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Republic" title="Ligurian Republic">Liguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lucca" title="Republic of Lucca">Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(1798%E2%80%931799)" title="Roman Republic (1798–1799)">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subalpine_Republic" title="Subalpine Republic">Subalpinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpadane_Republic" title="Transpadane Republic">Transpadania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Monarchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guastalla" title="Duchy of Guastalla">Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lucca_and_Piombino" title="Principality of Lucca and Piombino">Lucca and Piombino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Massa and Carrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Pontecorvo" title="Principality of Pontecorvo">Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Benevento_(Napoleonic_era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Benevento (Napoleonic era)">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Elba" title="Principality of Elba">Elba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Post-Napoleonic<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Genoa" title="Duchy of Genoa">Duchy of Genoa</a> (1815–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lucca" title="Duchy of Lucca">Duchy of Lucca</a> (1815–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Duchy of Massa and Carrara</a> (1814–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a> (1814–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" title="Duchy of Parma and Piacenza">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a> (1814–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> (1815–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_United_Provinces" title="Italian United Provinces">Italian United Provinces</a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_of_Milan" title="Five Days of Milan">Provisional Government of Milan</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_San_Marco" title="Republic of San Marco">Republic of San Marco</a> (1848–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(1849%E2%80%931850)" title="Roman Republic (1849–1850)">Roman Republic</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Central_Italy" title="United Provinces of Central Italy">United Provinces of Central Italy</a> (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (1814–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> (1816–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a> (1815–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States#Italian_unification" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (1814–1870)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Post-unification41" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> (1861–1946) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a> (1882–1960)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Fiume" title="Free State of Fiume">Free State of Fiume</a> (1920–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a> (1943–1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free Territory of Trieste</a> (1947–1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia_23px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia2279" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia_23px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia2279" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations of Yugoslavia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Algeria–Yugoslavia relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Angola–Yugoslavia relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Burundi–Yugoslavia relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cape Verde–Yugoslavia relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Egypt–Yugoslavia relations">Egypt/United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Yugoslavia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Gabon–Yugoslavia relations">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ghana–Yugoslavia relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Libya–Yugoslavia relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Morocco–Yugoslavia relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Nigeria–Yugoslavia relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–Yugoslavia relations">Sahrawi Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Seychelles–Yugoslavia relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sierra Leone–Yugoslavia relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sudan–Yugoslavia relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Tanzania–Yugoslavia relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Uganda–Yugoslavia relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations">Zaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="Yugoslavia–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Yugoslavia–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="664" /></span></span><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coat of arms of the SFR Yugoslavia"><img alt="Coat of arms of the SFR Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Yugoslavia_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="738" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Bolivia–Yugoslavia relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Brazil–Yugoslavia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Canada–Yugoslavia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cuba–Yugoslavia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Guyana–Yugoslavia relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Jamaica–Yugoslavia relations">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Mexico–Yugoslavia relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Nicaragua–Yugoslavia relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Peru–Yugoslavia relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–Yugoslavia relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United States–Yugoslavia relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Venezuela–Yugoslavia relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Afghanistan–Yugoslavia relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Australia–Yugoslavia relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Burma–Yugoslavia relations">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cambodia–Yugoslavia relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="China–Yugoslavia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="India–Yugoslavia relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Indonesia–Yugoslavia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Iran–Yugoslavia relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Iraq–Yugoslavia relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Israel–Yugoslavia relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Japan–Yugoslavia relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Lebanon–Yugoslavia relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Mongolia–Yugoslavia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="North Korea–Yugoslavia relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Pakistan–Yugoslavia relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sri Lanka–Yugoslavia relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Turkey–Yugoslavia relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Vietnam–Yugoslavia relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Albania–Yugoslavia relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Austria–Yugoslavia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Belgium–Yugoslavia relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Cyprus–Yugoslavia relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Czechoslovakia–Yugoslavia relations">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Finland–Yugoslavia relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="France–Yugoslavia relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Germany–Yugoslavia relations">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="East Germany–Yugoslavia relations">East Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Greece–Yugoslavia relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Holy See–Yugoslavia relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Hungary–Yugoslavia relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Ireland–Yugoslavia relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Italy–Yugoslavia relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Malta–Yugoslavia relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Norway–Yugoslavia relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Poland–Yugoslavia relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Portugal–Yugoslavia relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Romania–Yugoslavia relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Spain–Yugoslavia relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Sweden–Yugoslavia relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Switzerland–Yugoslavia relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="United Kingdom–Yugoslavia relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Entente" title="Little Entente">Little Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact" title="Balkan Pact">First Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_accession_to_the_Tripartite_Pact" title="Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Allies" title="Yugoslavia and the Allies">World War II Allies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SFR Yugoslavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OECD#Founding" title="OECD">OECD observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">Group of 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alps-Adriatic_Working_Group" title="The Alps-Adriatic Working Group">The Alps-Adriatic Working Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Nine" title="Group of Nine">Group of Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Second Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">European Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Brioni_Meeting" title="Brioni Meeting">Brioni Meeting</a> • <a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st Summit</a> • <a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="9th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">9th Summit</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">Neutral and Non-Aligned European States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_River_Conference_of_1948" title="Danube River Conference of 1948">Danube River Conference of 1948</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_declaration" title="Belgrade declaration">Belgrade declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Yugoslavia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Yugoslavia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Archives_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Serbia" title="Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia">Diplomatic Archives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_question" title="Adriatic question">Adriatic question</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fiume_question" title="Fiume question">Fiume question</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Corridor" title="Czech Corridor">Czech Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slovene_conflict_in_Carinthia" title="Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia">Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free Territory of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li>Breakup: (<a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference on Yugoslavia">Conference on Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolutions_related_to_the_conflicts_in_former_Yugoslavia" title="List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions related to the conflicts in former Yugoslavia">UNSCR resolutions</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_Yugoslav_Embassy_shooting" title="1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting">1971 Yugoslav Embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAT_Flight_367" title="JAT Flight 367">JAT Flight 367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System_Flight_130" title="Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130">Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Yugoslav_General_Trade_and_Tourist_Agency_bombing" title="Sydney Yugoslav General Trade and Tourist Agency bombing">Sydney Yugoslav General Trade and Tourist Agency bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWA_Flight_355" title="TWA Flight 355">TWA Flight 355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Galip_Balkar" title="Assassination of Galip Balkar">Assassination of Galip Balkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Category</a> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Foreign relations of <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Succession_Issues_of_the_Former_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Agreement on Succession Issues of the Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">successor states</a>:</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Macedonia" title="Foreign relations of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro"><img alt="Serbia and Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> ▷ <a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">2006</a> ▷ <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Slovenia" title="Foreign relations of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Foreign relations of other post-Yugoslav states:</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/60px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kosovo" title="Foreign relations of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i> <small>(<i><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo" title="International recognition of Kosovo">status</a></i>)</small></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/60px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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