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<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=S%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=S%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=S%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mục lục" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sữa ngựa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 23 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="حليب فرس – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حليب فرس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susu_kuda" title="Susu kuda – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Susu kuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobyl%C3%AD_ml%C3%A9ko" title="Kobylí mléko – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kobylí mléko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stutenmilch" title="Stutenmilch – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stutenmilch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γάλα φοράδας – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάλα φοράδας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_milk" title="Mare milk – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mare milk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leche_de_yegua" title="Leche de yegua – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leche de yegua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شیر مادیان – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیر مادیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lait_de_jument" title="Lait de jument – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lait de jument" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EC%A0%96" title="말젖 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말젖" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplamj%C3%B3lk" title="Kaplamjólk – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaplamjólk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latte_di_giumenta" title="Latte di giumenta – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Latte di giumenta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Саумал – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Саумал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mierem%C3%ABllech" title="Mieremëllech – Tiếng Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mieremëllech" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Гүүний саам – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гүүний саам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paardenmelk" title="Paardenmelk – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paardenmelk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%B3" title="馬乳 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="馬乳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biya_suti" title="Biya suti – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biya suti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Кобылье молоко – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кобылье молоко" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="குதிரைப் பால் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குதிரைப் பால்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="นมม้า – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นมม้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_s%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="At sütü – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="At sütü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%B3" title="馬乳 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬乳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2011964#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Thảo luận về trang này (trang không tồn tại) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=history" title="Các phiên bản cũ của trang này [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&oldid=71686582" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&id=71686582&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FS%25E1%25BB%25AFa_ng%25E1%25BB%25B1a"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FS%25E1%25BB%25AFa_ng%25E1%25BB%25B1a"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=S%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_with_horses" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2011964" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Kirghizstan_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kirghizstan_07.jpg/300px-Kirghizstan_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kirghizstan_07.jpg/450px-Kirghizstan_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kirghizstan_07.jpg/600px-Kirghizstan_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Vắt sữa ngựa ở <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, ở vùng Trung Á khi vắt sữa ngựa mẹ thì người ta thường cho ngựa con đứng gần để giúp ngựa mẹ tiết sữa nhiều hơn</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sữa ngựa</b> là <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa" title="Sữa">sữa</a> tiết ra từ một con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ng%E1%BB%B1a_c%C3%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngựa cái (trang không tồn tại)">ngựa cái</a> (hay còn gọi là <i>ngựa mẹ</i>/<i>ngựa nái</i>) trong thời kỳ cho con bú để nuôi ngựa con. Sữa ngựa đặc biệt giàu <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1m_v%C3%A1ng_s%E1%BB%AFa" title="Đạm váng sữa">đạm váng sữa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axit_b%C3%A9o" class="mw-redirect" title="Axit béo">axit béo</a> không bão hòa đa và <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a><sup id="cite_ref-milk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Một loại thức uống sữa ngựa là <a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a> phổ biến ở vùng <a href="/wiki/Trung_%C3%81" title="Trung Á">Trung Á</a>, theo truyền thống thì <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BA%A9m_s%E1%BB%AFa" title="Chế phẩm sữa">chế phẩm sữa</a> này được làm từ sữa ngựa nái. Ngày nay, sữa ngựa dạng bột đã có sẵn trên thị trường ở một số nước <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C3%82u" title="Châu Âu">châu Âu</a>, bao gồm cả <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Đức">Đức</a><sup id="cite_ref-milk_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ở Châu Âu, sữa ngựa được sử dụng như một loại sữa thay thế cho <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa_b%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Sữa bò">sữa bò</a> vì những lợi ích của sữa ngựa đối với sức khỏe. Mặc dù vẫn là một sản phẩm thích hợp, sữa ngựa được coi là một phương thuốc hay cho các vấn đề về da hoặc <a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%AAu_h%C3%B3a" title="Tiêu hóa">tiêu hóa</a>. Những báo cáo tại các bài báo đánh giá cho thấy nó có thể cải thiện tình trạng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%AAm_da_d%E1%BB%8B_%E1%BB%A9ng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viêm da dị ứng (trang không tồn tại)">viêm da dị ứng</a> hoặc <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BB%87nh_ch%C3%A0m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bệnh chàm (trang không tồn tại)">bệnh chàm</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sữa ngựa được sử dụng để sản xuất các sản phẩm mỹ phẩm. Nó không thể được làm thành pho mát giống như theo cách của <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%AFa_b%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Sữa bò">sữa bò</a> nhưng nó có thể được làm thành <a href="/wiki/Pho_m%C3%A1t" title="Pho mát">pho mát</a> bằng cách sử dụng phức hợp men tiêu hóa trong dạ dày lạc đà (camel-rennet)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Một bệnh viện ở Đức áp dụng dùng sữa ngựa để thay cho sữa mẹ cho trẻ sinh non và đạt kết quả rất tốt, ở Pháp cũng có hơn một chục cơ sở chuyên sản xuất sữa ngựa viên. Sữa ngựa được ưu ái như vậy vì có nhiều <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> và ít chất béo hơn sữa người. Nó còn giúp chống các bệnh <a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%AAu_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Tiêu chảy">tiêu chảy</a>, u loét, viêm gan và sạn thận. Sữa ngựa rất được ưa chuộng ở <a href="/wiki/Trung_%C3%81" title="Trung Á">Trung Á</a>. Ở vùng Trung Á, mỗi ngày có trên 30 triệu người uống sữa ngựa. Tại Mông Cổ, sữa ngựa được dành riêng cho bệnh nhân, người già và trẻ em<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Sữa ngựa lên men còn được biết đến là rượu sữa ngựa. Đồ uống phổ biến này được dùng trong nghi lễ thanh tẩy vào dịp Tết truyền thống của <a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BB%95" title="Người Mông Cổ">người Mông Cổ</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%AFa_ng%E1%BB%B1a&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-milk-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-milk_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-milk_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72042645">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFYoung_W._ParkGeorge_F._W._Haenlein2008" class="citation book cs1">Young W. Park; George F. W. Haenlein biên tập (2008). <i>Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals</i>. John Wiley & Sons. tr. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/978-0470999721" title="Đặc biệt:Nguồn sách/978-0470999721"><bdi>978-0470999721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Milk+of+Non-Bovine+Mammals&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0470999721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AS%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFForrest2018" class="citation web cs1">Forrest, Susanna (ngày 12 tháng 7 năm 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/12/627454097/mares-milk-for-health-europeans-look-to-horses-for-ancient-remedy?t=1550226572602">“Mare's Milk For Health? Europeans Look To Horses For Ancient Remedy”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=NPR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NPR (trang không tồn tại)">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 8 năm 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Mare%27s+Milk+For+Health%3F+Europeans+Look+To+Horses+For+Ancient+Remedy&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft.aulast=Forrest&rft.aufirst=Susanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthesalt%2F2018%2F07%2F12%2F627454097%2Fmares-milk-for-health-europeans-look-to-horses-for-ancient-remedy%3Ft%3D1550226572602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AS%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028131252/https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2015/09/08/technique-cheese-horse-donkey-milk/">“Technique developed to make cheese from horse and donkey milk”</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2015/09/08/technique-cheese-horse-donkey-milk/">Bản gốc</a> lưu trữ ngày 28 tháng 10 năm 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 10 năm 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technique+developed+to+make+cheese+from+horse+and+donkey+milk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.horsetalk.co.nz%2F2015%2F09%2F08%2Ftechnique-cheese-horse-donkey-milk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AS%E1%BB%AFa+ng%E1%BB%B1a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vnexpress.net/dung-sua-ngua-de-thay-cho-sua-me-2250421.html">Dùng sữa ngựa để thay cho sữa mẹ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znews.vn/video-sua-ngua-len-men-thuc-uong-thanh-tay-trong-dip-tet-o-mong-co-post1037202.html">Sữa ngựa lên men, thức uống thanh tẩy trong dịp Tết ở Mông Cổ</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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