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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Astrology as a science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrology_as_a_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Discussion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Elements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zodiac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zodiac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Zodiac</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zodiac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nakṣhatras,_or_lunar_mansions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nakṣhatras,_or_lunar_mansions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Nakṣhatras, or lunar mansions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nakṣhatras,_or_lunar_mansions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daśās_–_planetary_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daśās_–_planetary_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Daśās – planetary periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daśās_–_planetary_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavenly_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavenly_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Heavenly bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavenly_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gocharas_–_transits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gocharas_–_transits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Gocharas – transits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gocharas_–_transits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yogas_–_planetary_combinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yogas_–_planetary_combinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Yogas – planetary combinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yogas_–_planetary_combinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bhāvas_–_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bhāvas_–_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Bhāvas – houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bhāvas_–_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dṛiṣṭis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dṛiṣṭis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Dṛiṣṭis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dṛiṣṭis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hindu astrology</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="হিন্দু জ্যোতিষবিদ্যা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিন্দু জ্যোতিষবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="হিন্দু জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিন্দু জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9dsk%C3%A1_astrologie" title="Védská astrologie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Védská astrologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_astroloogia" title="India astroloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India astroloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiotisha" title="Yiotisha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yiotisha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="طالع‌بینی هندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طالع‌بینی هندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologie_indienne" title="Astrologie indienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astrologie indienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ભારતીય જ્યોતિષવિદ્યા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય જ્યોતિષવિદ્યા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90_%EC%A0%90%EC%84%B1%EC%88%A0" title="힌두 점성술 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힌두 점성술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="भारतीय ज्योतिष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologia_indiana" title="Astrologia indiana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astrologia indiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אסטרולוגיה הודית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטרולוגיה הודית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7" title="ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜ್ಯೋತಿಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინდური ასტროლოგია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდური ასტროლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C5%B3_astrologija" title="Indų astrologija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indų astrologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индиска астрологија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индиска астрологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ჯოტიშა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯოტიშა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedische_astrologie" title="Vedische astrologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vedische astrologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज्योतिष – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्योतिष" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="インド占星術 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド占星術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BAjotisza" title="Dźjotisza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dźjotisza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Джьотиша – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джьотиша" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्राचीनज्योतिषम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्राचीनज्योतिषम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ජ්‍යෝතිෂ්ශාස්ත්‍රය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජ්‍යෝතිෂ්ශාස්ත්‍රය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hindu astrology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotisha" title="Jyotisha – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jyotisha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்து சோதிடம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்து சோதிடம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82" title="జ్యోతిషం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జ్యోతిషం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Джйотіша – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джйотіша" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Art</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">Indian aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Architecture</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamana" title="Talamana">Talamana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Music</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_(music)" title="Shruti (music)">Shruti (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svara" title="Svara">Svara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alank%C4%81ra" 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hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Venice_ast_sm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/170px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/255px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Venice_ast_sm.jpg/340px-Venice_ast_sm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Worship of heavenly bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_astronomy" title="Astrology and astronomy">Astrology and astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behenian_fixed_star" title="Behenian fixed star">Behenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, types, and systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">Astrologers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_organizations" title="List of astrological organizations">Astrological organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Traditions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Branches</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">Meteorological</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">Astrological signs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet symbols">Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity" title="Metals of antiquity">Metals</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astrology_sidebar" title="Template:Astrology sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astrology_sidebar" title="Template talk:Astrology sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astrology_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astrology sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hindu astrology</b>, also called <b>Indian astrology</b>, <b>Jyotisha</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">ज्योतिष</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-script transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">jyotiṣa</i></span>; from <i> jyót</i> 'light, heavenly body') and, more recently, <b>Vedic astrology</b>, is the traditional <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> system of <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">six auxiliary disciplines</a> in Hinduism that is connected with the study of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Vedanga_Jyotisha" title="Vedanga Jyotisha">Vedanga Jyotisha</a></i> is one of the earliest texts about astronomy within the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitzel2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitzel2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars believe that the <a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">horoscopic astrology</a> practised in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> came from <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_religion" title="Hellenistic religion">Hellenistic</a> influences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree198167ff,_81ff,_101ff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree198167ff,_81ff,_101ff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamuel201081_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuel201081-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this is a point of intense debate, and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently, although it may have interacted with <a href="/wiki/Greek_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek astrology">Greek astrology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soyjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyjak">Muh</a> <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">scientific</a> <a href="/wiki/New_world_order" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="New world order">consensus</a> is that <a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">astrology</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> and has consistently failed experimental and theoretical verification.<sup id="cite_ref-Thagard_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thagard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-astrosociety.org_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astrosociety.org-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hartmann_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmann-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Narlikar-CUP_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narlikar-CUP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jyotisha, states Monier-Williams, is rooted in the word <i>Jyotish,</i> which means light, such as that of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a> or heavenly body. The term <i>Jyotisha</i> includes the study of <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, astrology and the science of timekeeping using the movements of astronomical bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-monierwilliamsnijyotisa_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monierwilliamsnijyotisa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jyotisa_m.williams2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jyotisa_m.williams2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jameslochtefeldsca326-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It aimed to keep time, maintain calendars, and predict auspicious times for Vedic rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-monierwilliamsnijyotisa_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monierwilliamsnijyotisa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jyotisa_m.williams2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jyotisa_m.williams2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jameslochtefeldsca326-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_core_principles">History and core principles<span class="anchor" id="History"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and core principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Indian astronomy</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jyoti%E1%B8%A5%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Jyotiḥśāstra">Jyotiṣa</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedāṅga</a>, the six auxiliary disciplines used to support Vedic rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 376">: 376 </span></sup> Early jyotiṣa is concerned with the preparation of a calendar to determine dates for sacrificial rituals,<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 377">: 377 </span></sup> with nothing written regarding planets.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 377">: 377 </span></sup> There are mentions of <a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">eclipse</a>-causing "demons" in the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chāndogya Upaniṣad</a>, the latter mentioning <a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rāhu</a> (a shadow entity believed responsible for eclipses and meteors).<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 382">: 382 </span></sup> The term <i><a href="/wiki/Graha" class="mw-redirect" title="Graha">graha</a></i>, which is now taken to mean the <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a>, originally meant demon.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 381">: 381 </span></sup> The Ṛigveda also mentions an eclipse-causing demon, <a href="/wiki/Svarbh%C4%81nu" title="Svarbhānu">Svarbhānu</a>. However, the specific term <i>graha</i> was not applied to Svarbhānu until the later <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahābhārata</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Rāmāyaṇa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 382">: 382 </span></sup> </p><p>The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of <a href="/wiki/Bandhu" title="Bandhu">bandhu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> (scriptures), which is the connection between the <a href="/wiki/Macrocosm_and_microcosm" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocosm and microcosm">microcosm</a> and the macrocosm. The practice relies primarily on the <a href="/wiki/Sidereal_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal zodiac">sidereal zodiac</a>, which differs from the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical zodiac">tropical zodiac</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western (Hellenistic) astrology</a> in that an <i><a href="/wiki/Ayan%C4%81%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Ayanāṃśa">ayanāṃśa</a></i> adjustment is made for the <a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">gradual precession</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Great year">vernal equinox</a>. Hindu astrology includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with elements not found in Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar mansion">lunar mansions</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nakshatras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakshatras">Nakṣatra</a></i>). It was only after the transmission of Hellenistic astrology that the order of planets in India was fixed in that of the seven-day week.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 383">: 383 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hellenistic astrology and astronomy also transmitted the twelve <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">zodiacal signs</a> beginning with Aries and the twelve astrological places beginning with the ascendant.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 384">: 384 </span></sup> The first evidence of the introduction of Greek astrology to India is the <i><a href="/wiki/Yavanajataka" title="Yavanajataka">Yavanajātaka</a></i> which dates to the early centuries CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 383">: 383 </span></sup> The <i>Yavanajātaka</i> (<abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by <a href="/wiki/Yavanesvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavanesvara">Yavaneśvara</a> during the 2nd century CE, and is considered the first Indian astrological treatise in the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the only version that survives is the verse version of Sphujidhvaja which dates to AD 270.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 383">: 383 </span></sup> The first Indian astronomical text to define the weekday was the <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80ryabha%E1%B9%AD%C4%ABya" class="mw-redirect" title="Āryabhaṭīya">Āryabhaṭīya</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/%C4%80ryabha%E1%B9%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Āryabhaṭa">Āryabhaṭa</a> (born AD 476).<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 383">: 383 </span></sup> </p><p>According to Michio Yano, Indian astronomers must have been occupied with the task of Indianizing and Sanskritizing Greek astronomy during the 300 or so years between the first <i>Yavanajataka</i> and the <i>Āryabhaṭīya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 388">: 388 </span></sup> The astronomical texts of these 300 years are lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 388">: 388 </span></sup> The later <i>Pañcasiddhāntikā</i> of <a href="/wiki/Var%C4%81hamihira" title="Varāhamihira">Varāhamihira</a> summarizes the five known Indian astronomical schools of the sixth century.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 388">: 388 </span></sup> Indian astronomy preserved some of the older pre-Ptolemaic elements of Greek astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood_16-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 389">: 389 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jameslochtefeldsca326-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the <i><a href="/wiki/B%E1%B9%9Bhat_Par%C4%81%C5%9Bara_Hor%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81stra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra</i></span></a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Sārāvalī">Sārāvalī</a></i> by <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kalyāṇavarma</i></span>. The <i>Horāshastra</i> is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part (chapters 1–51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52–71) to the later 8th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Reliable source needed for the dating (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <i>Sārāvalī</i> likewise dates to around 800 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English translations of these texts were published by N. N. Krishna Rau and V. B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Hindu_astrology">Modern Hindu astrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern Hindu astrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png/220px-Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png/330px-Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png/440px-Ngram_of_Hindu_Vedic_Indian_Astrology.png 2x" data-file-width="1666" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>Nomenclature of the last two centuries</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a> remains an important facet of <a href="/wiki/Folk_belief" title="Folk belief">folk belief</a> in the contemporary lives of many <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hindu_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu culture">Hindu culture</a>, newborns are traditionally named based on their <i>jyotiṣa</i> charts (<a href="/wiki/Kundali_(astrology)" title="Kundali (astrology)">Kundali</a>), and astrological concepts are pervasive in the organization of the calendar and holidays, and in making major decisions such as those about marriage, opening a new business, or moving into a new home. Many Hindus believe that heavenly bodies, including the planets, have an influence throughout the life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Hinduism" title="Karma in Hinduism">karma</a>". The <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagraha</a>, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to <a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a> (the Hindu concept of a supreme being) in the administration of justice. Thus, it is believed that these planets can influence earthly life.<sup id="cite_ref-Karma_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karma-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrology_as_a_science">Astrology as a science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Astrology as a science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></div> <p>Astrology has been rejected by the scientific community as having no explanatory power for describing the universe. <a href="/wiki/Astrology#Scientific_appraisal" title="Astrology">Scientific testing</a> of astrology has been conducted, and no evidence has been found to support any of the premises or purported effects outlined in astrological traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Zarka_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarka-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 424">: 424 </span></sup> There is no mechanism proposed by astrologers through which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth. In spite of its status as a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>, in certain religious, political, and legal contexts, astrology retains a position among the <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">sciences</a> in modern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India's <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">University Grants Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development">Ministry of Human Resource Development</a> decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">jyotir vijñāna</i></span></i>) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in Indian universities, stating that "vedic astrology is not only one of the main subjects of our traditional and classical knowledge but this is the discipline, which lets us know the events happening in human life and in universe on time scale"<sup id="cite_ref-supremecourt_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supremecourt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in spite of the complete lack of evidence that astrology actually does allow for such accurate predictions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision was backed by a 2001 judgement of the <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_High_Court" title="Andhra Pradesh High Court">Andhra Pradesh High Court</a>, and some Indian universities offer advanced degrees in astrology.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was met with widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists working abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A petition sent to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> stated that the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards, undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far".<sup id="cite_ref-supremecourt_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supremecourt-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> concluding that the teaching of astrology did not qualify as the promotion of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Univ-1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Univ-1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2011, the Bombay High Court referred to the 2004 Supreme Court ruling when it dismissed a case which had challenged astrology's status as a science.<sup id="cite_ref-Bombay-HC_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bombay-HC-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> despite continuing complaints by scientists,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> astrology continues to be taught at various universities in India,<sup id="cite_ref-Univ-1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Univ-1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is a movement in progress to establish a national Vedic University to teach astrology together with the study of <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indian astrologers have consistently made claims that have been thoroughly <a href="/wiki/Debunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Debunk">debunked</a> by skeptics. For example, although the planet Saturn is in the constellation <a href="/wiki/Aries_(constellation)" title="Aries (constellation)">Aries</a> roughly every 30 years (e.g. 1909, 1939, 1968), the astrologer <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Venkata_Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Venkata Raman">Bangalore Venkata Raman</a> claimed that "when Saturn was in Aries in 1939 England had to declare war against Germany", ignoring all the other dates.<sup id="cite_ref-CSICOP_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSICOP-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astrologers regularly fail in attempts to predict election results in India, and fail to predict major events such as the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>. Predictions by the head of the Indian Astrologers Federation about war between India and Pakistan in 1982 also failed.<sup id="cite_ref-CSICOP_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSICOP-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, when several planets happened to be close to one another, astrologers predicted that there would be catastrophes, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruptions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tidal waves</a>. This caused an entire sea-side village in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> to panic and abandon their houses. The predicted events did not occur and the vacant houses were burgled.<sup id="cite_ref-Narlikar-CUP_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narlikar-CUP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Texts">Texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="; color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0BB;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>Time keeping</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p>[The current year] minus one,<br /> multiplied by twelve,<br /> multiplied by two,<br /> added to the elapsed [half months of current year],<br /> increased by two for every sixty [in the sun],<br /> is the quantity of half-months (<a href="/wiki/Syzygy_(astronomy)" title="Syzygy (astronomy)">syzygies</a>). </p> </div> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Rigveda Jyotisha-vedanga 4<br />Translator: Kim Plofker<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>The ancient extant text on Jyotisha is the <i><a href="/wiki/Vedanga_Jyotisha" title="Vedanga Jyotisha">Vedanga-Jyotisha</a></i>, which exists in two editions, one linked to <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> and other to <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rigveda version consists of 36 verses, while the Yajurveda recension has 43 verses of which 29 verses are borrowed from the Rigveda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–36_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–36-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19731_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19731-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rigveda version is variously attributed to sage Lagadha, and sometimes to sage Shuci.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19731_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19731-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Yajurveda version credits no particular sage, has survived into the modern era with a commentary of Somakara, and is the more studied version.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19731_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19731-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jyotisha text <i>Brahma-siddhanta</i>, probably composed in the 5th century CE, discusses how to use the movement of planets, sun and moon to keep time and calendar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This text also lists <a href="/wiki/Trigonometry" title="Trigonometry">trigonometry</a> and mathematical formulae to support its theory of orbits, predict planetary positions and calculate relative mean positions of celestial nodes and apsides.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text is notable for presenting very large integers, such as 4.32 billion years as the lifetime of the current universe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200968–71_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200968–71-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient Hindu texts on Jyotisha only discuss time keeping, and never mention astrology or prophecy.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ancient texts predominantly cover astronomy, but at a rudimentary level.<sup id="cite_ref-mullerhaslp210_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mullerhaslp210-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technical horoscopes and astrology ideas in India came from Greece and developed in the early centuries of the 1st millennium CE.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later medieval era texts such as the <i>Yavana-jataka</i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Siddhanta_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhanta (astronomy)">Siddhanta</a></i> texts are more astrology-related.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker2009116–120,_259–261_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker2009116–120,_259–261-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discussion">Discussion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Discussion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The field of Jyotisha deals with ascertaining time, particularly forecasting auspicious day and time for Vedic rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jameslochtefeldsca326-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The field of Vedanga structured time into <i>Yuga</i> which was a 5-year interval,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> divided into multiple lunisolar intervals such as 60 solar months, 61 savana months, 62 synodic months and 67 sidereal months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Vedic Yuga had 1,860 <i>tithis</i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">तिथि</span></span>, dates), and it defined a <i>savana</i>-day (civil day) from one sunrise to another.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rigvedic version of Jyotisha may be a later insertion into the Veda, states <a href="/wiki/David_Pingree" title="David Pingree">David Pingree</a>, possibly between 513 and 326 BCE, when Indus valley was occupied by the Achaemenid from <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19733_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19733-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mathematics and devices for time keeping mentioned in these ancient Sanskrit texts, proposes Pingree, such as the <a href="/wiki/Water_clock" title="Water clock">water clock</a> may also have arrived in India from Mesopotamia. However, Yukio Ohashi considers this proposal as incorrect,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting instead that the Vedic timekeeping efforts, for forecasting appropriate time for rituals, must have begun much earlier and the influence may have flowed from India to Mesopotamia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ohashi states that it is incorrect to assume that the number of civil days in a year equal 365 in both Hindu and Egyptian–Persian year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–720_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–720-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, adds Ohashi, the Mesopotamian formula is different from the Indian formula for calculating time, each can only work for their respective latitude, and either would make major errors in predicting time and calendar in the other region.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Asko Parpola, the Jyotisha and luni-solar calendar discoveries in ancient India, and similar discoveries in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in "great likelihood result from convergent parallel development", and not from diffusion from Mesopotamia.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kim Plofker states that while a flow of timekeeping ideas from either side is plausible, each may have instead developed independently, because the loan-words typically seen when ideas migrate are missing on both sides as far as words for various time intervals and techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, adds Plofker, and other scholars, that the discussion of time keeping concepts are found in the Sanskrit verses of the <i>Shatapatha Brahmana</i>, a 2nd millennium BCE text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water clock and sun dials are mentioned in many ancient Hindu texts such as the <a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some integration of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian">Mesopotamian</a> and Indian Jyotisha-based systems may have occurred in a roundabout way, states Plofker, after the arrival of Greek astrology ideas in India.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jyotisha texts present mathematical formulae to predict the length of day time, sun rise and moon cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–40_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–40-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinternitz1963269_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinternitz1963269-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, </p> <dl><dd>The length of daytime = <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(12+{\frac {2}{61}}n\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>12</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>61</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(12+{\frac {2}{61}}n\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/89baa909a2c79147984703a631b45793710094ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:13.142ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(12+{\frac {2}{61}}n\right)}"></span> <i>muhurtas</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>where <i>n</i> is the number of days after or before the winter solstice, and one <i>muhurta</i> equals <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">30</span></span> of a day (48 minutes).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999720_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999720-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <blockquote style="background-color:none;margin-right:5em;margin-left:0em;border-left:solid 6px #FFE0BB;padding:1.0em"> <p><b>Water clock</b><br />A <i>prastha</i> of water [is] the increase in day, [and] decrease in night in the [sun's] northern motion; vice versa in the southern. [There is] a six-muhurta [difference] in a half year. </p><p>— Yajurveda Jyotisha-vedanga 8, Translator: Kim Plofker<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elements">Elements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are sixteen <a href="/wiki/Varga_(astrology)" title="Varga (astrology)"><i>Varga</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <i lang="sa"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">varga</i></span></i>, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu astrology:<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (December 2009)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 61–64">: 61–64 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zodiac">Zodiac</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Zodiac"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_basis_of_the_Hindu_calendar#sauramana" title="Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar">Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar § sauramana</a></div> <p>The Nirayana, or <a href="/wiki/Sidereal_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal zodiac">sidereal zodiac</a>, is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees, which, like the Sāyana, or <a href="/wiki/Tropical_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical zodiac">tropical zodiac</a>, is divided into 12 equal parts. Each part (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or <i>rāśi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: 'part'). Vedic (Jyotiṣa) and Western <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiacs</a> differ in the method of measurement. While synchronically, the two systems are identical, Jyotiṣa primarily uses the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are considered to be the fixed background against which the motion of the planets is measured), whereas most <a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical zodiac">tropical zodiac</a> (the motion of the planets is measured against the position of the Sun on the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">spring equinox</a>). After two <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennia</a>, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Precession_of_the_equinoxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Precession of the equinoxes">precession of the equinoxes</a>, the origin of the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic_longitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecliptic longitude">ecliptic longitude</a> has shifted by about 30 degrees. As a result, the placement of planets in the Jyotiṣa system is roughly aligned with the constellations, while tropical astrology is based on the solstices and equinoxes. </p> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dalal2010_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalal2010-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Starting </th> <th>Representation </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Element</a> </th> <th>Quality </th> <th>Ruling body </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मेष</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">meṣa</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>0° </td> <td>ram </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">fire</a> </td> <td>movable (chara) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">वृषभ</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">vṛṣabha</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>30° </td> <td>bull </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prithivi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prithivi">earth</a> </td> <td>fixed (sthira) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मिथुन</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">mithuna</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>60° </td> <td>twins </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">air</a> </td> <td>dual (dvisvabhava) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">कर्क</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">karka</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>90° </td> <td>crab </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jala_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jala (water)">water</a> </td> <td>movable </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">सिंह</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">siṃha</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>120° </td> <td>lion </td> <td>fire </td> <td>fixed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">कन्या</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">kanyā</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>150° </td> <td>virgin girl </td> <td>earth </td> <td>dual </td> <td>Mercury </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">तुला</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">tulā</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>180° </td> <td>balance </td> <td>air </td> <td>movable </td> <td>Venus </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">वृश्चिक</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">vṛścika</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>210° </td> <td>scorpion </td> <td>water </td> <td>fixed </td> <td>Mars, <a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">धनुष</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dhanuṣa</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>240° </td> <td>bow and arrow </td> <td>fire </td> <td>dual </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मकर</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">makara</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>270° </td> <td>crocodile </td> <td>earth </td> <td>movable </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">कुम्भ</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">kumbha</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>300° </td> <td>water-bearer </td> <td>air </td> <td>fixed </td> <td>Saturn, <a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rahu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a> </td> <td><span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मीन</span></span>, <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">mīna</i></span></i></span> </td> <td>330° </td> <td>fishes </td> <td>water </td> <td>dual </td> <td>Jupiter </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unlike Western astrology, Hindu astrology usually disregards <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a> (which rules Aquarius), <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a> (which rules Pisces), and <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> (which rules Scorpio). </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nakṣhatras,_or_lunar_mansions"><span id="Nak.E1.B9.A3hatras.2C_or_lunar_mansions"></span>Nakṣhatras, or lunar mansions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nakṣhatras, or lunar mansions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_basis_of_the_Hindu_calendar#nakshatra" title="Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar">Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar § nakshatra</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakshatras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nakshatras.jpg/220px-Nakshatras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nakshatras.jpg/330px-Nakshatras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Nakshatras.jpg/440px-Nakshatras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Nakshatras</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Nakshatra" title="Nakshatra">nakshatras</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Lunar_mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar mansion">lunar mansions</a> are 27 equal divisions of the night sky used in Hindu astrology, each identified by its prominent star(s).<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> </p><p>Historical (medieval) Hindu astrology enumerated either 27 or 28 nakṣatras. In modern astrology, a rigid system of 27 nakṣatras is generally used, each covering 13° 20′ of the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>. The missing 28th nakshatra is <i>Abhijeeta</i>. Each nakṣatra is divided into equal quarters or <i>padas</i> of 3° 20′. Of greatest importance is the Abhiśeka Nakṣatra, which is held as king over the other nakṣatras. Worshipping and gaining favour over this nakṣhatra is said to give power to remedy all the other nakṣatras, and is of concern in predictive astrology and mitigating Karma.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The junction of two Râshis as well as Nakshatras is known as Gandanta.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daśās_–_planetary_periods"><span id="Da.C5.9B.C4.81s_.E2.80.93_planetary_periods"></span>Daśās – planetary periods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Daśās – planetary periods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <a href="/wiki/Dasha_(astrology)" title="Dasha (astrology)"><i>dasha</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">Devanāgarī</a>: दशा, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>,<i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">daśā</i></span></i>, 'planetary period') means 'state of being' and it is believed that the <i>daśā</i> largely governs the state of being of a person. The Daśā system shows which planets may be said to have become particularly active during the period of the Daśā. The ruling planet (the Daśānātha or 'lord of the Daśā') eclipses the mind of the person, compelling him or her to act per the nature of the planet. </p><p>There are several <i>dasha</i> systems, each with its own utility and area of application. There are Daśās of <i>grahas</i> (planets) as well as Daśās of the Rāśis (zodiac signs). The primary system used by astrologers is the Viṁśottarī Daśā system, which has been considered universally applicable in the <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i> to all horoscopes. </p><p>The first Mahā-Daśā is determined by the position of the natal Moon in a given Nakṣatra. The lord of the Nakṣatra governs the Daśā. Each Mahā-Dāśā is divided into sub-periods called <i>bhuktis</i>, or <i>antar-daśās</i>, which are proportional divisions of the maha-dasa. Further proportional sub-divisions can be made, but error margins based on accuracy of the birth time grow exponentially. The next sub-division is called <i>pratyantar-daśā</i>, which can in turn be divided into <i>sookshma-antardasa</i>, which can in turn be divided into <i>praana-antardaśā</i>, which can be sub-divided into <i>deha-antardaśā</i>. Such sub-divisions also exist in all other Daśā systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavenly_bodies">Heavenly bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Heavenly bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">navagraha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">नवग्रह</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Sanskrit">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">navagraha</i></span></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'nine planets')<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the nine celestial bodies used in Hindu astrology:<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 38–51">: 38–51 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>Surya (Sun)</li> <li>Chandra (Moon)</li> <li>Budha (Mercury)</li> <li>Shukra (Venus)</li> <li>Mangala (Mars)</li> <li>Bṛhaspati or Guru (Jupiter)</li> <li>Shani (Saturn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rahu</a> (North node of the Moon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a> (South node of the Moon)</li></ul> <p>The navagraha are said to be forces that capture or eclipse the mind and the decision making of human beings. When the <i>grahas</i> are active in their <i>daśās</i>, or periodicities they are said to be particularly empowered to direct the affairs of people and events. </p><p>Planets are held to signify major details,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as profession, marriage and longevity.<sup id="cite_ref-bphs_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bphs-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these indicators, known as Karakas, <a href="/wiki/Brihat_Parashara_Hora_Shastra" title="Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra">Parashara</a> considers Atmakaraka most important, signifying broad contours of a person's life.<sup id="cite_ref-bphs_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bphs-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 316">: 316 </span></sup> </p><p>Rahu and Ketu correspond to the points where the moon crosses the ecliptic plane (known as the ascending and descending nodes of the moon). Classically known in Indian and Western astrology as the "head and tail of the dragon", these planets are represented as a serpent-bodied demon beheaded by the <a href="/wiki/Sudarshana_Chakra" title="Sudarshana Chakra">Sudarshan Chakra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> after attempting to swallow the sun. They are primarily used to calculate the dates of eclipses. They are described as "shadow planets" because they are not visible in the night sky. Rahu and Ketu have an orbital cycle of 18 years and they are always retrograde in motion and 180 degrees from each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gocharas_–_transits"><span id="Gocharas_.E2.80.93_transits"></span>Gocharas – transits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gocharas – transits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A natal chart shows the position of the <i>grahas</i> at the moment of birth. Since that moment, the <i>grahas</i> have continued to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This period of interaction is called <i>gochara</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">gochara</i></span></i>, 'transit').<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 227">: 227 </span></sup> </p><p>The study of transits is based on the transit of the Moon (Chandra), which spans roughly two days, and also on the movement of Mercury (Budha) and Venus (Śukra) across the celestial sphere, which is relatively fast as viewed from Earth. The movement of the slower planets – Jupiter (Guru), Saturn (Śani) and Rāhu–Ketu — is always of considerable importance. Astrologers study the transit of the Daśā lord from various reference points in the horoscope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yogas_–_planetary_combinations"><span id="Yogas_.E2.80.93_planetary_combinations"></span>Yogas – planetary combinations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Yogas – planetary combinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Hindu astronomy, <a href="/wiki/Yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Yoga (Hindu astrology)"><i>yoga</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">yoga</i></span></i>, 'union') is a combination of planets placed in a specific relationship to each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 265">: 265 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Raja_yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)">Rāja yogas</a> are perceived as givers of fame, status and authority, and are typically formed by the association of the Lord of Keṅdras ('quadrants'), when reckoned from the <a href="/wiki/Lagna" title="Lagna">Lagna</a> ('ascendant'), and the Lords of the <a href="/wiki/Trikona" title="Trikona">Trikona</a> ('trines', 120 degrees—first, fifth and ninth houses). The Rāja yogas are culminations of the blessings of Viṣṇu and Lakṣmī. Some planets, such as Mars for Leo Lagna, do not need another <i>graha</i> (or <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagraha</a>, 'planet') to create <i>Rājayoga</i>, but are capable of giving <i>Rājayoga</i> by themselves due to their own lordship of the 4th <a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81va" title="Bhāva">Bhāva</a> ('astrological house') and the 9th Bhāva from the Lagna, the two being a Keṅdra ('angular house'—first, fourth, seventh and tenth houses) and Trikona Bhāva respectively. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dhana_yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhana yoga (Hindu astrology)">Dhana Yogas</a> are formed by the association of wealth-giving planets such as the Dhaneśa or the 2nd Lord and the Lābheśa or the 11th Lord from the Lagna. Dhana Yogas are also formed due to the auspicious placement of the Dārāpada (from <i>dara</i>, 'spouse' and <i>pada</i>, 'foot'—one of the four divisions—3 degrees and 20 minutes—of a <a href="/wiki/Nakshatra" title="Nakshatra">Nakshatra</a> in the 7th house), when reckoned from the Ārūḍha Lagna (AL). The combination of the Lagneśa and the Bhāgyeśa also leads to wealth through the Lakṣmī Yoga. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sanyasa_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyasa yoga">Sanyāsa Yogas</a> are formed due to the placement of four or more <i>grahas</i>, excluding the Sun, in a Keṅdra Bhāva from the Lagna. </p><p>There are some overarching yogas in Jyotiṣa such as Amāvasyā Doṣa, Kāla Sarpa Yoga-Kāla Amṛta Yoga and Graha Mālika Yoga that can take precedence over Yamaha yogar planetary placements in the horoscope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bhāvas_–_houses"><span id="Bh.C4.81vas_.E2.80.93_houses"></span>Bhāvas – houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bhāvas – houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hindu Jātaka or Janam Kundali or <a href="/wiki/Natal_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal chart">birth chart</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81va" title="Bhāva">Bhāva</a> Chakra (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: 'division' 'wheel'), the complete 360° circle of life, divided into houses, and represents a way of enacting the influences in the wheel. Each house has associated kāraka (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a particular house.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 93–167">: 93–167 </span></sup> Each Bhāva spans an arc of 30° with twelve Bhāvas in any chart of the horoscope. These are a crucial part of any horoscopic study since the Bhāvas, understood as 'state of being', personalize the Rāśis/ Râshis to the native and each Rāśi/ Râshi apart from indicating its true nature reveals its impact on the person based on the Bhāva occupied. The best way to study the various facets of Jyotiṣa is to see their role in chart evaluation of actual persons and how these are construed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dṛiṣṭis"><span id="D.E1.B9.9Bi.E1.B9.A3.E1.B9.ADis"></span>Dṛiṣṭis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dṛiṣṭis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect_(Hindu_Astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological aspect (Hindu Astrology)"><i>Drishti</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Dṛṣṭi</i></span></i>, 'sight') is an aspect to an entire house. <i>Grahas</i> cast only forward aspects, with the furthest aspect being considered the strongest. For example, Jupiter aspects the 5th, 7th and 9th house from its position, Mars aspects the 4th, 7th, and 8th houses from its position, and its 8th house.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutton_66-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26–27">: 26–27 </span></sup> </p><p>The principle of Drishti (aspect) was devised on the basis of the aspect of an army of planets as deity and demon in a war field.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the Sun, a deity king with only one full aspect, is more powerful than the demon king Saturn, which has three full aspects. </p><p>Aspects can be cast both by the planets (Graha Dṛṣṭi) and by the signs (Rāśi Dṛṣṭi). Planetary aspects are a function of desire, while sign aspects are a function of awareness and cognizance. </p><p>There are some higher aspects of Graha Dṛṣṭi (planetary aspects) that are not limited to the Viśeṣa Dṛṣṭi or the special aspects. Rāśi Dṛṣṭi works based on the following formulaic structure: all movable signs aspect fixed signs except the one adjacent, and all dual and mutable signs aspect each other without exception. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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title="Jyotiḥśāstra">Jyotiḥśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundali_(astrology)" title="Kundali (astrology)">Kundali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_astrology" title="Nadi astrology">Nadi astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchangam" title="Panchangam">Panchangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptical_astrology" title="Synoptical astrology">Synoptical astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_units_of_measurement" title="Indian units of measurement">Indian units of measurement</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThompson2004" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Richard L. 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(2012). <i>Mathematical Achievements of Pre-Modern Indian Mathematicians</i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Achievements+of+Pre-Modern+Indian+Mathematicians&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Puttaswamy&rft.aufirst=T.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWitzel2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWitzel2001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWitzel2001">Witzel 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree198167ff,_81ff,_101ff-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree198167ff,_81ff,_101ff_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPingree1981">Pingree 1981</a>, pp. 67ff, 81ff, 101ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuel201081-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamuel201081_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSamuel2010">Samuel 2010</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTripathi2008" class="citation cs2">Tripathi, Vijaya Narayan (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9749">"Astrology in India"</a>, in Selin, Helaine (ed.), <i>Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</i>, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 264–267, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4425-0_9749">10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9749</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-4425-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-4425-0"><bdi>978-1-4020-4425-0</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164157/https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9749">archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astrology+in+India&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=264-267&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4425-0_9749&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-4425-0&rft.aulast=Tripathi&rft.aufirst=Vijaya+Narayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4425-0_9749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thagard-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thagard_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThagard1978" class="citation journal cs1">Thagard, Paul R. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/teoreettinenfilosofia/oppimateriaali/Sintonen/Paul_R._Thagard_-_Why_Astrology_Is_A_Pseudoscience.pdf">"Why Astrology is a Pseudoscience"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 223–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fpsaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639">10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147050929">147050929</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828205710/http://www.helsinki.fi/teoreettinenfilosofia/oppimateriaali/Sintonen/Paul_R._Thagard_-_Why_Astrology_Is_A_Pseudoscience.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Biennial+Meeting+of+the+Philosophy+of+Science+Association&rft.atitle=Why+Astrology+is+a+Pseudoscience&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=223-234&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fpsaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147050929%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thagard&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fteoreettinenfilosofia%2Foppimateriaali%2FSintonen%2FPaul_R._Thagard_-_Why_Astrology_Is_A_Pseudoscience.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SandPSandAstroSoc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SandPSandAstroSoc_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSven_Ove_HanssonEdward_N._Zalta" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sven Ove Hansson; Edward N. Zalta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/">"Science and Pseudo-Science"</a>. <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905091332/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science+and+Pseudo-Science&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.au=Sven+Ove+Hansson&rft.au=Edward+N.+Zalta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpseudo-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-astrosociety.org-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-astrosociety.org_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/pseudobib.html">"Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List"</a>. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230053308/http://www.astrosociety.org/education/resources/pseudobib.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomical+Pseudo-Science%3A+A+Skeptic%27s+Resource+List&rft.pub=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrosociety.org%2Feducation%2Fresources%2Fpseudobib.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartmann-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hartmann_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmannReuterNyborga2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hartmann, P.; Reuter, M.; Nyborga, H. (May 2006). "The relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence: A large-scale study". <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>40</b> (7): 1349–1362. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2005.11.017">10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.017</a>. <q>To optimise the chances of finding even remote relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence we further applied two different strategies. The first one was based on the common chronological concept of time (e.g. month of birth and season of birth). The second strategy was based on the (pseudo-scientific) concept of astrology (e.g. Sun Signs, The Elements, and astrological gender), as discussed in the book <i>Astrology: Science or superstition?</i> by Eysenck and Nias (1982).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+date+of+birth+and+individual+differences+in+personality+and+general+intelligence%3A+A+large-scale+study&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1349-1362&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2005.11.017&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Reuter%2C+M.&rft.au=Nyborga%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narlikar-CUP-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Narlikar-CUP_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narlikar-CUP_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarlikar2009" class="citation book cs1">Narlikar, Jayant V. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mdzQ4uCnYfkC&pg=PA165">"Astronomy, pseudoscience and rational thinking"</a>. In Pasachoff, Jay; Percy, John (eds.). <i>Teaching and Learning Astronomy: Effective Strategies for Educators Worldwide</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521115391" title="Special:BookSources/9780521115391"><bdi>9780521115391</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164247/https://books.google.com/books?id=mdzQ4uCnYfkC&pg=PA165">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Astronomy%2C+pseudoscience+and+rational+thinking&rft.btitle=Teaching+and+Learning+Astronomy%3A+Effective+Strategies+for+Educators+Worldwide&rft.pages=164-165&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780521115391&rft.aulast=Narlikar&rft.aufirst=Jayant+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmdzQ4uCnYfkC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monierwilliamsnijyotisa-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-monierwilliamsnijyotisa_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monierwilliamsnijyotisa_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonier_Monier-Williams1923" class="citation book cs1">Monier Monier-Williams (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353"><i>A Sanskrit–English Dictionary</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 353. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164257/https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA353">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sanskrit%E2%80%93English+Dictionary&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Monier+Monier-Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_3NWAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jyotisa_m.williams2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jyotisa_m.williams2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jyotisa_m.williams2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanskritdictionary.com/?q=jyoti%E1%B9%A3a&iencoding=iast&lang=sans">Jyotisa. Monier-Williams, 1923.</a> <span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 28 November 2024<span style="font-size: 90%; color: #555"></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jameslochtefeldsca326-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jameslochtefeldsca326_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-2287-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-2287-1">0-8239-2287-1</a>, pages 326–327</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flood-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood_16-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, Gavin. Yano, Michio. 2003. <i>The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism.</i> Malden: Blackwell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LexraSEgRfIC&pg=PA382">382</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p. 385 ("The Yavanajātaka is the earliest surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and constitute the basis of all later Indian developments in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajātaka of Sphujidhvaja" p. 5)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–721_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhashi1999">Ohashi 1999</a>, pp. 719–721.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19732–3_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPingree1973">Pingree 1973</a>, pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErik_Gregersen2011" class="citation book cs1">Erik Gregersen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ3zVmLUcjcC"><i>The Britannica Guide to the History of Mathematics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Rosen_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rosen Publishing Group">The Rosen Publishing Group</a>. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-127-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-127-0"><bdi>978-1-61530-127-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164249/https://books.google.com/books?id=qZ3zVmLUcjcC">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Britannica+Guide+to+the+History+of+Mathematics&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-127-0&rft.au=Erik+Gregersen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqZ3zVmLUcjcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Pingree, <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Jyotiḥśāstra</i></span></i> (J. Gonda (Ed.) <i>A History of Indian Literature</i>, Vol VI Fasc 4), p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karma-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karma_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=49GVZGD8d4oC&dq=shani+karma&pg=PA132">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zarka-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zarka_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarka2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zarka, Philippe (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/890932">"Astronomy and astrology"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union</i>. <b>5</b> (S260): 420–425. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011IAUS..260..420Z">2011IAUS..260..420Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1743921311002602">10.1017/S1743921311002602</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818112236/https://zenodo.org/record/890932">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=26188">the original</a> on 12 March 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court%3A+Bhargava+v.+University+Grants+Commission%2C+Case+No.%3A+Appeal+%28civil%29+5886+of+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjudis.nic.in%2Fsupremecourt%2Fqrydisp.asp%3Ftfnm%3D26188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Univ-1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Univ-1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Univ-1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040923190435/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/06/stories/2004050602931400.htm">"Introduction of Vedic astrology courses in universities upheld"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 5 May 2004. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=An+Indian+Test+of+Indian+Astrology&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2013-03%2F2013-04&rft.aulast=Narlikar&rft.aufirst=Jayant+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fsi%2Fshow%2Fan_indian_test_of_indian_astrology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200936_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhashi1999">Ohashi 1999</a>, p. 719.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–36-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–36_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19731-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19731_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19731_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19731_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPingree1973">Pingree 1973</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200967–68_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200968–71-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200968–71_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, pp. 68–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._K._Raju2007" class="citation book cs1">C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Foundations+of+Mathematics&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-317-0871-2&rft.au=C.+K.+Raju&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djza_cNJM6fAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mullerhaslp210-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mullerhaslp210_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedrich_Max_Müller1860" class="citation book cs1">Friedrich Max Müller (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle"><i>A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Williams_and_Norgate" title="Williams and Norgate">Williams and Norgate</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle/page/210">210</a>–215.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Sanskrit+Literature&rft.pages=210-215&rft.pub=Williams+and+Norgate&rft.date=1860&rft.au=Friedrich+Max+M%C3%BCller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancient00mlle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Campion2012" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas Campion (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MxSr1NT3BLoC"><i>Astrology and Cosmology in the World's Religions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. pp. 110–111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0842-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0842-2"><bdi>978-0-8147-0842-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164254/https://books.google.com/books?id=MxSr1NT3BLoC">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrology+and+Cosmology+in+the+World%27s+Religions&rft.pages=110-111&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-0842-2&rft.au=Nicholas+Campion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMxSr1NT3BLoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker2009116–120,_259–261-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker2009116–120,_259–261_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, pp. 116–120, 259–261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1993185–251_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhashi1993">Ohashi 1993</a>, pp. 185–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPingree19733-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPingree19733_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPingree1973">Pingree 1973</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–720-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999719–720_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhashi1999">Ohashi 1999</a>, pp. 719–720.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYukio_Ohashi2013" class="citation book cs1">Yukio Ohashi (2013). S.M. Ansari (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8X0iCQAAQBAJ"><i>History of Oriental Astronomy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science">Springer Science</a>. pp. 75–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-015-9862-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-015-9862-0"><bdi>978-94-015-9862-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Oriental+Astronomy&rft.pages=75-82&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-94-015-9862-0&rft.au=Yukio+Ohashi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8X0iCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Asko_Parpola" title="Asko Parpola">Asko Parpola</a> (2013), "Beginnings of Indian Astronomy, with Reference to a Parallel Development in China", <i>History of Science in South Asia</i>, Vol. 1, pages 21–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200941–42_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarma2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sarma, Nataraja (2000). "Diffusion of astronomy in the ancient world". <i>Endeavour</i>. <b>24</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>: 157–164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0160-9327%2800%2901327-2">10.1016/s0160-9327(00)01327-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11196987">11196987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endeavour&rft.atitle=Diffusion+of+astronomy+in+the+ancient+world&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=157-164&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0160-9327%2800%2901327-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11196987&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.aufirst=Nataraja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelaine_Selin2012" class="citation book cs1">Helaine Selin (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRHvCAAAQBAJ"><i>Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy</i></a>. Springer Science. pp. 320–321. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-011-4179-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-011-4179-6"><bdi>978-94-011-4179-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomy+Across+Cultures%3A+The+History+of+Non-Western+Astronomy&rft.pages=320-321&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-94-011-4179-6&rft.au=Helaine+Selin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRHvCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinuber1978" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hinuber, Oskar V. (1978). "Probleme der Technikgeschichte im alten Indien". <i>Saeculum</i> (in German). <b>29</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Bohlau_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohlau Verlag">Bohlau Verlag</a>: 215–230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7788%2Fsaeculum.1978.29.3.215">10.7788/saeculum.1978.29.3.215</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171007726">171007726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saeculum&rft.atitle=Probleme+der+Technikgeschichte+im+alten+Indien&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=215-230&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7788%2Fsaeculum.1978.29.3.215&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171007726%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hinuber&rft.aufirst=Oskar+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKauṭilya2013" class="citation book cs1">Kauṭilya (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6MlgU0oQb4sC"><i>King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra</i></a>. Translated by Olivelle, Patrick. Oxford University Press. pp. 473 with note 1.7.8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989182-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989182-5"><bdi>978-0-19-989182-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King%2C+Governance%2C+and+Law+in+Ancient+India%3A+Kautilya%27s+Arthasastra&rft.pages=473+with+note+1.7.8&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-989182-5&rft.au=Kau%E1%B9%ADilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6MlgU0oQb4sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim_Plofker2008" class="citation book cs1">Kim Plofker (2008). Micah Ross (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=edVOGJKa7XUC"><i>From the Banks of the Euphrates: Studies in Honor of Alice Louise Slotsky</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Eisenbrauns" title="Eisenbrauns">Eisenbrauns</a>. pp. 193–203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-144-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-144-3"><bdi>978-1-57506-144-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Banks+of+the+Euphrates%3A+Studies+in+Honor+of+Alice+Louise+Slotsky&rft.pages=193-203&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-144-3&rft.au=Kim+Plofker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DedVOGJKa7XUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–40-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200935–40_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, pp. 35–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinternitz1963269-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinternitz1963269_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinternitz1963">Winternitz 1963</a>, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlofker200937_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlofker2009">Plofker 2009</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999720-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhashi1999720_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOhashi1999">Ohashi 1999</a>, p. 720.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutton-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutton_66-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutton, Komilla (1999). <i>The Essentials of Vedic Astrology</i>, The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalal2010-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalal2010_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2010" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA89"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin Books India. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6"><bdi>978-0-14-341421-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164318/https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA89">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-341421-6&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDH0vmD8ghdMC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefouwSvoboda2000" class="citation book cs1">Defouw, Hart; Svoboda, Robert E. (1 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cQqP0LLIRR8C&dq=Gandanta&pg=PA172"><i>Light on Relationships: The Synatry of Indian Astrology</i></a>. Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-148-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-148-3"><bdi>978-1-57863-148-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164240/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Light_on_Relationships/cQqP0LLIRR8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Gandanta&pg=PA172">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+on+Relationships%3A+The+Synatry+of+Indian+Astrology&rft.pub=Weiser+Books&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57863-148-3&rft.aulast=Defouw&rft.aufirst=Hart&rft.au=Svoboda%2C+Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcQqP0LLIRR8C%26dq%3DGandanta%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sanskrit–English Dictionary</i> by Monier-Williams, c. 1899</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman2003" class="citation book cs1">Raman, Bangalore V. (15 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC&pg=PA7"><i>Studies in Jaimini Astrology</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1397-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1397-7"><bdi>978-81-208-1397-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307164248/https://books.google.com/books?id=gW2DIFHrxfgC&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>Each planet is supposed to be the karaka or indicator of certain events in life</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Jaimini+Astrology&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=2003-10-15&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1397-7&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=Bangalore+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgW2DIFHrxfgC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bphs-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bphs_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bphs_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanthanam1984" class="citation book cs1">Santhanam, R. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/BPHSEnglish"><i>Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (vol. 1)</i></a>. Ranjan Publications. p. 319.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brihat+Parashara+Hora+Shastra+%28vol.+1%29&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Ranjan+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Santhanam&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBPHSEnglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanat Kumar Jain, <i>Astrology a science or myth</i>, Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanat Kumar Jain, "Jyotish Kitna Sahi Kitna Galat" (Hindi).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhashi1999" class="citation book cs1">Ohashi, Yukio (1999). Andersen, Johannes (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQYscrT0fgQC"><i>Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 11B</i></a>. Springer Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-5556-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-5556-4"><bdi>978-0-7923-5556-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111163620/https://books.google.com/books?id=gQYscrT0fgQC">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+Astronomy%2C+Volume+11B&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-5556-4&rft.aulast=Ohashi&rft.aufirst=Yukio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQYscrT0fgQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhashi1993" class="citation journal cs1">Ohashi, Yukio (1993). "Development of Astronomical Observations in Vedic and post-Vedic India". <i>Indian Journal of History of Science</i>. <b>28</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=Development+of+Astronomical+Observations+in+Vedic+and+post-Vedic+India&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Ohashi&rft.aufirst=Yukio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlofker2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Plofker" title="Kim Plofker">Plofker, Kim</a> (2009). <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_India_(book)" title="Mathematics in India (book)"><i>Mathematics in India</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12067-6"><bdi>978-0-691-12067-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematics+in+India&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12067-6&rft.aulast=Plofker&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPingree1973" class="citation journal cs1">Pingree, David (1973). "The Mesopotamian Origin of Early Indian Mathematical Astronomy". <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>. <b>4</b> (1). SAGE: 1–12. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973JHA.....4....1P">1973JHA.....4....1P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182867300400102">10.1177/002182867300400102</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:125228353">125228353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+Mesopotamian+Origin+of+Early+Indian+Mathematical+Astronomy&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-12&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A125228353%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182867300400102&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973JHA.....4....1P&rft.aulast=Pingree&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPingree1981" class="citation book cs1">Pingree, David (1981). <i>Jyotihśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature</i>. <a href="/wiki/Otto_Harrassowitz" title="Otto Harrassowitz">Otto Harrassowitz</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447021654" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447021654"><bdi>978-3447021654</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jyotih%C5%9B%C4%81stra%3A+Astral+and+Mathematical+Literature&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-3447021654&rft.aulast=Pingree&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman1992" class="citation book cs1">Raman, BV (1992). <i>Planetary Influences on Human Affairs</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Asian_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Asian Books (page does not exist)">South Asian Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8185273907" title="Special:BookSources/978-8185273907"><bdi>978-8185273907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planetary+Influences+on+Human+Affairs&rft.pub=South+Asian+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-8185273907&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=BV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2010" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Samuel (2010). <i>The Origins of Yoga and Tantra</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Yoga+and+Tantra&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinternitz1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moriz_Winternitz" title="Moriz Winternitz">Winternitz, Maurice</a> (1963). <i>History of Indian Literature</i>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0056-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0056-4"><bdi>978-81-208-0056-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0056-4&rft.aulast=Winternitz&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel2001" class="citation journal cs1">Witzel, Michael (25 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.htm">"Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts"</a>. <i>Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180527150828/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/EJVS-7-3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Vedic+Studies&rft.atitle=Autochthonous+Aryans%3F+The+Evidence+from+Old+Indian+and+Iranian+Texts&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2001-05-25&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.fas.harvard.edu%2F~witzel%2FEJVS-7-3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Burgess, Ebenezer (1866). "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in the Nakshatra System of the Hindus". <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>.</li> <li>Chandra, Satish (2002). "Religion and State in India and Search for Rationality". <i>Social Scientist</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleet1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fleet, John F. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hindu Chronology"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hindu_Chronology">"Hindu Chronology" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 491–501.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hindu+Chronology&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=491-501&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Fleet&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHindu+astrology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jain, Sanat K. "Astrology a science or myth", New Delhi, Atlasntic Publishers 2005 - highlighting how every principle like sign lord, aspect, friendship-enmity, exalted-debilitated, Mool trikon, dasha, Rahu-Ketu, etc. were framed on the basis of the ancient concept that Sun is nearer than the Moon from the Earth, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pingree" title="David Pingree">Pingree, David</a> (1963). "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran". <i>Isis – Journal of The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Society" title="History of Science Society">History of Science Society</a></i>. pp. 229–246.</li> <li>Pingree, David (1981). <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Jyotiḥśāstra</i></span></i> in J. Gonda (ed.) <i>A History of Indian Literature</i>. Vol VI. Fasc 4. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.</li> <li>Pingree, David and Gilbert, Robert (2008). "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. online ed.</li> <li>Plofker, Kim. (2008). "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, online ed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="William D. Whitney">Whitney, William D.</a> (1866). "On the Views of Biot and Weber Respecting the Relations of the Hindu and Chinese Systems of Asterisms", <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Popular treatments</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Frawley, David (2000). <i>Astrology of the Seers: A Guide to Vedic (Hindu) Astrology</i>. Twin Lakes Wisconsin: Lotus Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-914955-89-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-914955-89-6">0-914955-89-6</a></li> <li>Frawley, David (2005). <i>Ayurvedic Astrology: Self-Healing Through the Stars</i>. Twin Lakes Wisconsin: Lotus Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940985-88-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-940985-88-8">0-940985-88-8</a></li> <li>Sutton, Komilla (1999). <i>The Essentials of Vedic Astrology</i>. The Wessex Astrologer, Ltd.: Great Britain. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1902405064" title="Special:BookSources/1902405064">1902405064</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_astrology&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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aria-labelledby="Hindu_astrology" style="vertical-align:middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_astrology" title="Template:Hindu astrology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_astrology" title="Template talk:Hindu astrology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_astrology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu astrology"><abbr title="Edit this 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title="Asalesha Nakshatram">Āshleshā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magha_(nakshatra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magha (nakshatra)">Maghā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%ABrva_Phalgun%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pūrva Phalgunī (page does not exist)">Pūrva Phalgunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Phalgun%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Phalgunī">Uttara Phalgunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_(nakshatra)" title="Hasta (nakshatra)">Hasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakshatra" title="Nakshatra">Chitrā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svati" title="Svati">Svātī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vish%C4%81kh%C4%81" title="Vishākhā">Vishākhā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuradha_(nakshatra)" title="Anuradha (nakshatra)">Anurādhā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyeshtha_(nakshatra)" title="Jyeshtha (nakshatra)">Jyeshtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_(nakshatra)" title="Mula (nakshatra)">Mūla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABrva_Ash%C4%81dh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Pūrva Ashādhā">Pūrva Ashādhā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Ash%C4%81dh%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Ashādhā">Uttara Ashādhā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravana" title="Shravana">Shravana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanishta" title="Dhanishta">Dhanishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatabhisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatabhisha">Shatabhisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABrva_Bh%C4%81drapad%C4%81" title="Pūrva Bhādrapadā">Pūrva Bhādrapadā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Bh%C4%81drapad%C4%81" title="Uttara Bhādrapadā">Uttara Bhādrapadā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revati_(nakshatra)" title="Revati (nakshatra)">Revatī</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_zodiac#Hindu_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal zodiac">Rāśi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Meṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Vṛṣabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Mithuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Karkaṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Siṃha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Kanyā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Tulā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Vṛścika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Dhanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Makara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Kumbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Mīna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagraha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangala" title="Mangala">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budha" title="Budha">Budha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihaspati" title="Brihaspati">Brihaspati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukra" title="Shukra">Shukra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Shani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu" title="Rahu">Rahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketu_(mythology)" title="Ketu (mythology)">Ketu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect_(Hindu_Astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrological aspect (Hindu Astrology)">Astrological aspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avastha_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Avastha (Hindu astrology)">Avastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmakaraka" title="Atmakaraka">Atmakaraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayanamsa">Ayanamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81va" title="Bhāva">Bhāva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choghadiya" title="Choghadiya">Choghadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasha_(astrology)" title="Dasha (astrology)">Daśās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drekkana" title="Drekkana">Drekkana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmasthana_(astrology)" title="Karmasthana (astrology)">Karmasthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundali_(astrology)" title="Kundali (astrology)">Kuṇḍali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagna" title="Lagna">Lagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraka_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Maraka (Hindu astrology)">Maraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntha_(astrology)" title="Muntha (astrology)">Muntha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navamsa_(astrology)" title="Navamsa (astrology)">Navamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_astrology" title="Nadi astrology">Nadi astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchangam" title="Panchangam">Panchangam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panjika" title="Panjika">Panjika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_dispositors_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Planetary dispositors (Hindu astrology)">Planetary dispositors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashmi_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Rashmi (Hindu astrology)">Rashmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and Astrology">Science and Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvatobhadra_Chakra_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarvatobhadra Chakra (Hindu astrology)">Sarvatobhadra Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikonasthanas" title="Trikonasthanas">Trikonasthanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upachayasthanas_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Upachayasthanas (Hindu astrology)">Upachayasthanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyatip%C4%81ta" title="Vyatipāta">Vyatipāta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga-karakas_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga-karakas (Hindu astrology)">Yoga-karakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakri_grahas" title="Vakri grahas">Vakri grahas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Yogas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhi_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhi yoga">Adhi yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhanda_Samrajya_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Akhanda Samrajya yoga">Akhanda Samrajya yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarishta" title="Balarishta">Balarishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamara_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamara yoga">Chamara yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainya_yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dainya yoga (Hindu astrology)">Dainya yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daridra_yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daridra yoga (Hindu astrology)">Daridra yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhana_yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhana yoga (Hindu astrology)">Dhana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahala_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahala yoga">Kahala yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabhasa_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabhasa yoga">Nabhasa yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neechabhanga_Raja_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Neechabhanga Raja yoga">Neechabhanga Raja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_Mahapurusha_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Panch Mahapurusha yoga">Panch Mahapurusha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parajata_yoga" title="Parajata yoga">Parajata yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preshya_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Preshya yoga">Preshya yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)">Raja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyasa_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyasa yoga">Sanyasa yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Raja_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viparita Raja yoga">Viparita Raja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(Hindu_astrology)" title="Yoga (Hindu astrology)">Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Scriptures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brihat_Jataka" title="Brihat Jataka">Brihat Jataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavartha_Ratnakara" title="Bhavartha Ratnakara">Bhavartha Ratnakara</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/History_of_astrology" title="History of astrology">History of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_astronomy" title="Astrology and astronomy">Astrology and astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musica_universalis" title="Musica universalis">Musica universalis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrabiblos" title="Tetrabiblos">Tetrabiblos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers" title="Category:Astrologers">Astrologers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrologers_by_nationality" title="Category:Astrologers by nationality">Astrologers by nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrologers" title="List of astrologers">List of astrologers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_astrological_traditions,_types,_and_systems" title="List of astrological traditions, types, and systems">Traditions, <br />types,<br />branches and <br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/120px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/180px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg/240px-Astrological_Chart_--_New_Millennium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_tradition" title="Category:Astrology by tradition">Astrology by tradition</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astrology" title="Babylonian astrology">Babylonian astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Burmese_zodiac" title="Burmese zodiac">Burmese zodiac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Early Irish astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astrology" title="Chinese astrology">Chinese astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_astrology" title="Christian views on astrology">Christian views on astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Magi" title="Magi">Magi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cosmobiology" title="Cosmobiology">Cosmobiology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology#Astrology_in_Hellenistic_Egypt" title="Hellenistic astrology">Astrology in Hellenistic Egypt</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_School_of_Astrology" title="Hamburg School of Astrology">Hamburg School of Astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_astrology" title="Hellenistic astrology">Hellenistic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hindu astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nadi_astrology" title="Nadi astrology">Nadi astrology</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Jewish astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">Jewish views on astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Hebrew astronomy</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya calendar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology in the medieval Islamic world</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrology in Sri Lanka">Astrology in Sri Lanka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_astrology" title="Tibetan astrology">Tibetan astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_astrology" title="Western astrology">Western astrology</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrology_by_type" title="Category:Astrology by type">Astrology by type</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_astrology" title="Agricultural astrology">Agricultural astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Astrometeorology" title="Astrometeorology">Astrometeorology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electional_astrology" title="Electional astrology">Electional astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alice_Bailey#Esoteric_astrology" title="Alice Bailey">Esoteric astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Classical_planet#Alchemy" title="Classical planet">Classical planets in Western alchemy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geomancy" title="Geomancy">Geomancy and astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Financial_astrology" title="Financial astrology">Financial astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_astrology" title="Heliocentric astrology">Heliocentric astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horary_astrology" title="Horary astrology">Horary astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscopic_astrology" title="Horoscopic astrology">Horoscopic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Judicial_astrology" title="Judicial astrology">Judicial astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karmic_astrology" title="Karmic astrology">Karmic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katarchic_astrology" title="Katarchic astrology">Katarchic astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Locational_astrology" title="Locational astrology">Locational astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Astrocartography" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrocartography">Astrocartography</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Medical_astrology" title="Medical astrology">Medical astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mundane_astrology" title="Mundane astrology">Mundane astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Natal_astrology" title="Natal astrology">Natal astrology</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Horoscope" title="Horoscope">Horoscope</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Psychological_astrology" title="Psychological astrology">Psychological astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_and_tropical_astrology" title="Sidereal and tropical astrology">Sidereal and tropical astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sun_sign_astrology" title="Sun sign astrology">Sun sign astrology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Synoptical_astrology" title="Synoptical astrology">Synoptical astrology</a></dd></dl></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_age" title="Astrological age">Astrological age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_aspect" title="Astrological aspect">Astrological aspect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrological_symbols" title="Astrological symbols">Astrological symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_the_classical_elements" title="Astrology and the classical elements">Astrology and the classical elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_influence_of_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural influence of astrology">Cultural influence of astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_astrology" title="Glossary of astrology">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_in_astrology" title="Planets in astrology">Planets in astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pseudoscience" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pseudoscience" title="Template talk:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pseudoscience"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pseudoscience" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomathematics" title="Pseudomathematics">Pseudomathematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Superseded theories in science">Superseded scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Science" title="Voodoo Science">Voodoo Science</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">Topics <br />characterized as <br />pseudoscience</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)" title="Biorhythm (pseudoscience)">Biorhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_memory" title="Body memory">Body memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagavya" title="Panchagavya">Panchagavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_medicine" title="Patent medicine">Patent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primal_therapy" title="Primal therapy">Primal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">Trepanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome" title="Wind turbine syndrome">Wind turbine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory" title="Kamal Salibi">Arabian Judah theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy" title="5G">5G conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrail conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory" title="Generation">Generational theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generationism" title="Generationism">Generationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">Strauss–Howe generational theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_children" title="Indigo children">Indigo children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_theory" title="Melanin theory">Melanin theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers–Briggs Type Indicator">Myers–Briggs Type Indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">Enneagram of Personality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gravity" title="Anti-gravity">Anti-gravity‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">Cold fusion‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">Faster-than-light travel</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">Perpetual motion</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionless_drive" title="Reactionless drive">Reactionless drive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_drive" title="Dean drive">Dean drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EMDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">Teleportation‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">Tractor beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-fueled_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-fueled car">Water-fueled car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_transmutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological transmutation">Biological transmutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_ball" title="Laundry ball">Laundry ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">Polygraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology" title="Pseudoscientific metrology">Pseudoscientific metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_analysis" title="Statement analysis">Statement analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis" title="Voice stress analysis">Voice stress analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of<br />pseudoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi" title="Sucharit Bhakdi">Sucharit Bhakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff" title="Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff">Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier" title="Brigitte Boisselier">Brigitte Boisselier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charroux" title="Robert Charroux">Robert Charroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonaid" title="Clonaid">Clonaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly" title="Ignatius L. Donnelly">Ignatius L. Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician)" title="Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)">Nicholas Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goop_(company)" title="Goop (company)">Goop (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley" title="William Donald Kelley">William Donald Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran" title="Corentin Louis Kervran">Corentin Louis Kervran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper" title="Hans Alfred Nieper">Hans Alfred Nieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Vorilhon">Claude Vorilhon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Robby Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone" title="Randolph Stone">Randolph Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanov_affair" title="Bogdanov affair">Bogdanov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience" title="Bourgeois pseudoscience">Bourgeois pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science">Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" title="The Demon-Haunted World">The Demon-Haunted World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_History_of_Quackery" class="mw-redirect" title="The Natural History of Quackery">The Natural History of Quackery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult" title="The Psychology of the Occult">The Psychology of the Occult</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Superstition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Superstition" title="Template:Superstition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Superstition" title="Template talk:Superstition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Superstition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Superstition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Superstition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">Evil eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck" title="Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">Omen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">Talismans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_and_ritual" title="Myth and ritual">Myth and ritual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superstitions" title="List of superstitions">List of superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">List of lucky symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bad_luck_signs" title="List of bad luck signs">List of bad luck signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailors%27_superstitions" title="Sailors' superstitions">Sailors' superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_superstitions" title="Theatrical superstitions">Theatrical superstitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Ethiopia" title="Superstition in Ethiopia">Superstition in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_(folklore)" title="Buda (folklore)">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gris-gris_(talisman)" title="Gris-gris (talisman)">Gris-gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampy" title="Sampy">Sampy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_child" title="Sleeping child">Sleeping child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascalapha_odorata" title="Ascalapha odorata">Ascalapha odorata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Brujería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carranca" title="Carranca">Carranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooties" title="Cooties">Cooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Tippecanoe" title="Curse of Tippecanoe">Curse of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curupira" title="Curupira">Curupira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djucu" title="Djucu">Djucu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_cookie" title="Fortune cookie">Fortune cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27noGo_tied" title="I'noGo tied">I'noGo tied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_love_curse" title="Oscar love curse">Oscar love curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susto" title="Susto">Susto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">Veve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_lighter_myth" title="White lighter myth">White lighter myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_window" title="Witch window">Witch window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_India" title="Superstition in India">Superstition in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Pakistan" title="Superstition in Pakistan">Superstition in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_the_Philippines" title="Superstition in the Philippines">Superstition in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_superstitions" title="Japanese superstitions">Japanese superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Korea" title="Superstition in Korea">Superstition in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoot_(ghost)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhoot (ghost)"><i>Bhoot</i> (ghost)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaupadi" title="Chhaupadi">Chhaupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churel" title="Churel">Churel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Bengali_culture" title="Ghosts in Bengali culture">Ghosts in Bengali culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal%27s_horn" title="Jackal's horn">Jackal's horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuai_Kuai_culture" title="Kuai Kuai culture">Kuai Kuai culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhurta" title="Muhurta">Muhurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratna" title="Navaratna">Navaratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_(amulet)" title="Nazar (amulet)">Nazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_battu" title="Nazar battu">Nazar battu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichal_Peri" title="Pichal Peri">Pichal Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_pregnancy_syndrome" title="Puppy pregnancy syndrome">Puppy pregnancy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akabeko" title="Akabeko">Akabeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanai_Anzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanai Anzen">Kanai Anzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneki-neko" title="Maneki-neko">Maneki-neko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiagari-koboshi" title="Okiagari-koboshi">Okiagari-koboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_death" title="Fan death">Fan death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hindu astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agimat" title="Agimat">Agimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albularyo" title="Albularyo">Albularyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_the_Philippines" title="Witchcraft in the Philippines">Barang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulam">Kulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihi" title="Lihi">Lihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagtatawas" title="Pagtatawas">Pagtatawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasma" title="Pasma">Pasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usog" title="Usog">Usog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_Thong" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuman Thong">Kuman Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palad_khik" title="Palad khik">Palad khik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takrut" title="Takrut">Takrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nang_Kwak" title="Nang Kwak">Nang Kwak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_elephant_(animal)" title="White elephant (animal)">White elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chan" title="Jin Chan">Jin Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerology" title="Chinese numerology">Numbers in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_cloth" title="Yantra cloth">Yantra cloth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_curse" title="August curse">August curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayern-luck" title="Bayern-luck">Bayern-luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarney_Stone" title="Blarney Stone">Blarney Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimaruta" title="Cimaruta">Cimaruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornicello" title="Cornicello">Cornicello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goodman%27s_Croft" title="The Goodman's Croft">The Goodman's Croft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himmelsbrief" title="Himmelsbrief">Himmelsbrief</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_magical_staves" title="Icelandic magical staves">Icelandic magical staves</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_bocca_al_lupo" title="In bocca al lupo">In bocca al lupo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_witch" title="Kitchen witch">Kitchen witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooncalf" title="Mooncalf">Mooncalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Need-fire" title="Need-fire">Need-fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_painted_pebbles" title="Scottish painted pebbles">Painted pebbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_of_sympathy" title="Powder of sympathy">Powder of sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_rabbit_rabbit" title="Rabbit rabbit rabbit">Rabbit rabbit rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Russian traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstition in Britain">Superstition in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Serbia" title="Superstition in Serbia">Superstition in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_water_for_luck" title="Spilling water for luck">Spilling water for luck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Play" title="The Scottish Play">The Scottish Play</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll_cross" title="Troll cross">Troll cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe_days" title="Tycho Brahe days">Tycho Brahe days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_post" title="Witch post">Witch post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfssegen" title="Wolfssegen">Wolfssegen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades" title="Ace of spades">Ace of spades</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_on_a_match" title="Three on a match">Three on a match</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Four-leaf_clover" title="Four-leaf clover">Four-leaf clover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetraphobia" title="Tetraphobia">tetraphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh_son_of_a_seventh_son" title="Seventh son of a seventh son">Seventh son of a seventh son</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11:11_(numerology)" title="11:11 (numerology)">11:11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_(number)#Luck" title="13 (number)">13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th" title="Friday the 13th">Friday the 13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Thirteen_Club" title="The Thirteen Club">The Thirteen Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth floor">thirteenth floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triskaidekaphobia" title="Triskaidekaphobia">triskaidekaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_(number)#In_other_fields" title="17 (number)">17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heptadecaphobia" title="Heptadecaphobia">Heptadecaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_(number)" title="27 (number)">27</a> (<a href="/wiki/27_Club" title="27 Club">27 Club</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_(number)" title="39 (number)">39</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curse_of_39" title="Curse of 39">Curse of 39</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666</a> (<a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspicious_wedding_dates" title="Auspicious wedding dates">Auspicious wedding dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_superstition" title="Baseball superstition">Baseball superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beginner%27s_luck" title="Beginner's luck">Beginner's luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_butter_(superstition)" title="Bread and butter (superstition)">Bread and butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_a_leg" title="Break a leg">Break a leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullroarer" title="Bullroarer">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_letter" title="Chain letter">Chain letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp-ring" title="Cramp-ring">Cramp-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones%27_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Davy Jones' Locker">Davy Jones' Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man%27s_hand" title="Dead man's hand">Dead man's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-the-day_betting_effect" title="End-of-the-day betting effect">End-of-the-day betting effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_frogs" title="Fear of frogs">Fear of frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_ghosts" title="Fear of ghosts">Fear of ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_rite" title="Fertility rite">Fertility rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-foot" title="First-foot">First-foot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman" title="Flying Dutchman">Flying Dutchman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_eleven_forty-four" title="Four eleven forty-four">Four eleven forty-four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambler%27s_conceit" title="Gambler's conceit">Gambler's conceit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">Good luck charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinx" title="Jinx">Jinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocking_on_wood" title="Knocking on wood">Knocking on wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_contagion" title="Law of contagion">Law of contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literomancy" title="Literomancy">Literomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_of_hair" title="Lock of hair">Lock of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_impression" title="Maternal impression">Maternal impression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miasma_theory" title="Miasma theory">Miasma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(cricket)" title="Nelson (cricket)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerophobia" title="Numerophobia">Numerophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_charm" title="Numismatic charm">Numismatic charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">Penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit%27s_foot" title="Rabbit's foot">Rabbit's foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainmaking_(ritual)" title="Rainmaking (ritual)">Rainmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_sponsor" title="Ship sponsor">Ship sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoes_on_a_table" title="Shoes on a table">Shoes on a table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_horns" title="Sign of the horns">Sign of the horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_old" title="Something old">Something old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_salt" title="Spilling salt">Spilling salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_rubbing" title="Statue rubbing">Statue rubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(door)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threshold (door)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_toi_toi" title="Toi toi toi">Toi toi toi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well" title="Wishing well">Wishing well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_ball" title="Witch ball">Witch ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coincidence" title="Coincidence">Coincidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">Obsessive–compulsive disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptions_of_religious_imagery_in_natural_phenomena" title="Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena">Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc ergo propter hoc">Post hoc ergo propter hoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questionable_cause" title="Questionable cause">Questionable cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Judaism" title="Superstition in Judaism">Superstition in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstitions_in_Muslim_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstitions in Muslim societies">Superstitions in Muslim societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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