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<span>Methodologies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Methodologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Methodologies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Methodologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goal-oriented_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goal-oriented_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Goal-oriented design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goal-oriented_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Personas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cognitive_dimensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cognitive_dimensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cognitive dimensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cognitive_dimensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affective_interaction_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affective_interaction_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Affective interaction design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affective_interaction_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_dimensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_dimensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Five dimensions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Five_dimensions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Five dimensions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Five_dimensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Words" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Words</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Visual representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_objects_or_space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_objects_or_space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Physical objects or space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_objects_or_space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction_Design_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction_Design_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interaction Design Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction_Design_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_disciplines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_disciplines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related disciplines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_disciplines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interaction design</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84" title="تصميم التفاعل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصميم التفاعل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nteraktiv_dizayn" title="İnteraktiv dizayn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnteraktiv dizayn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaktionsdesign" title="Interaktionsdesign – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interaktionsdesign" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dise%C3%B1o_de_interacci%C3%B3n" title="Diseño de interacción – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diseño de interacción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="طراحی تعاملی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طراحی تعاملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_num%C3%A9rique" title="Design numérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Design numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%9E%99%EC%85%98_%EB%94%94%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B8" title="인터랙션 디자인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인터랙션 디자인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interaction design" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="עיצוב אינטראקציה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצוב אינטראקציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_design" title="Interaction design – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Interaction design" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="インタラクションデザイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インタラクションデザイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksjonsdesign" title="Interaksjonsdesign – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interaksjonsdesign" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektowanie_interakcji" title="Projektowanie interakcji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Projektowanie interakcji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_de_intera%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Design de interação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Design de interação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Проектирование взаимодействия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проектирование взаимодействия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaktionsdesign" title="Interaktionsdesign – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Interaktionsdesign" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etkile%C5%9Fim_tasar%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Etkileşim tasarımı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Specialization of design focused on the experience users have of a product or service</div> <p> <b>Interaction design</b>, often abbreviated as <b>IxD</b>, is "the practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services."<sup id="cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: xxvii, 30">: xxvii, 30 </span></sup> While interaction design has an interest in form (similar to other design fields), its main area of focus rests on behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: xxvii, 30">: xxvii, 30 </span></sup> Rather than analyzing how things are, interaction design synthesizes and imagines things as they could be. This element of interaction design is what characterizes IxD as a design field, as opposed to a science or engineering field.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Interaction design borrows from a wide range of fields like psychology, <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">human-computer interaction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_architecture" title="Information architecture">information architecture</a>, and user research to create designs that are tailored to the needs and preferences of users. This involves understanding the context in which the product will be used, identifying user goals and behaviors, and developing design solutions that are responsive to user needs and expectations. </p><p>While disciplines such as software engineering have a heavy focus on designing for technical stakeholders, interaction design is focused on meeting the needs and optimizing the experience of users, within relevant technical or business constraints.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xviii">: xviii </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>interaction design</i> was coined by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moggridge" title="Bill Moggridge">Bill Moggridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Verplank" title="Bill Verplank">Bill Verplank</a> in the mid-1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it took 10 years before the concept started to take hold.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 31">: 31 </span></sup> To Verplank, it was an adaptation of the computer science term <i>user interface design</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a> profession.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Moggridge, it was an improvement over <i>soft-face</i>, which he had coined in 1984 to refer to the application of industrial design to products containing software.<sup id="cite_ref-DesigningInteractions_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DesigningInteractions-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest programs in design for interactive technologies were the Visible Language Workshop, started by <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Cooper" title="Muriel Cooper">Muriel Cooper</a> at MIT in 1975, and the <a href="/wiki/Interactive_Telecommunications_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive Telecommunications Program">Interactive Telecommunications Program</a> founded at NYU in 1979 by Martin Elton and later headed by Red Burns.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first academic program officially named "Interaction Design" was established at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> in 1994, as a Master of Design in Interaction Design.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the outset, the program focused mainly on screen interfaces, before shifting to a greater emphasis on the "big picture" aspects of interaction—people, organizations, culture, service and system. </p><p>In 1990, <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Crampton_Smith" title="Gillian Crampton Smith">Gillian Crampton Smith</a> founded the Computer-Related Design MA at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a> (RCA) in London, which in 2005 was renamed Design Interactions,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> headed by Anthony Dunne.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, Crampton Smith helped found the <a href="/wiki/Interaction_Design_Institute_Ivrea" title="Interaction Design Institute Ivrea">Interaction Design Institute Ivrea</a> (IDII), a specialized institute in <a href="/wiki/Olivetti" title="Olivetti">Olivetti's</a> hometown in Northern Italy, dedicated solely to interaction design. In 2007, after IDII closed due to a lack of funding, some of the people originally involved with IDII set up the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Institute_of_Interaction_Design" title="Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design">Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design</a> (CIID), in Denmark. After Ivrea, Crampton Smith and Philip Tabor added the Interaction Design (IxD) track in the Visual and Multimedia Communication at the <a href="/wiki/Ca%27_Foscari_University_of_Venice" title="Ca' Foscari University of Venice">University of Venice</a>, Italy. </p><p>In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Foundation_for_Strategic_Research" title="Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research">Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research</a> founded <a href="/wiki/The_Interactive_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Interactive Institute">The Interactive Institute</a>—a Swedish research institute in the field of interaction design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methodologies">Methodologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Methodologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goal-oriented_design">Goal-oriented design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Goal-oriented design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goal-oriented design (or Goal-Directed design) "is concerned with satisfying the needs and desires of the users of a product or service."<sup id="cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: xxviii, 31">: xxviii, 31 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cooper_(software_designer)" title="Alan Cooper (software designer)">Alan Cooper</a> argues in <i>The Inmates Are Running the Asylum</i> that we need a new approach to solving interactive software-based problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Inmates_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inmates-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> The problems with designing computer interfaces are fundamentally different from those that do not include software (e.g., hammers). Cooper introduces the concept of cognitive friction, which is when the interface of a design is complex and difficult to use, and behaves inconsistently and unexpectedly, possessing different modes.<sup id="cite_ref-Inmates_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inmates-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> </p><p>Alternatively, interfaces can be designed to serve the needs of the service/product provider. User needs may be poorly served by this approach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usability">Usability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Usability answers the question "can someone use this interface?". Jakob Nielsen describes usability as the quality attribute<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that describes how usable the interface is. Shneiderman proposes principles for designing more usable interfaces called "Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—which are well-known heuristics for creating usable systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personas">Personas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Persona_(user_experience)" title="Persona (user experience)">Personas</a> are archetypes that describe the various goals and observed behaviour patterns among users.<sup id="cite_ref-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A persona encapsulates critical behavioural data in a way that both designers and stakeholders can understand, remember, and relate to.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Personas use storytelling to engage users' social and emotional aspects, which helps designers to either visualize the best product behaviour or see why the recommended design is successful.<sup id="cite_ref-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognitive_dimensions">Cognitive dimensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cognitive dimensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dimensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive dimensions">cognitive dimensions</a> framework<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides a vocabulary to evaluate and modify design solutions. Cognitive dimensions offer a lightweight approach to analysis of a design quality, rather than an in-depth, detailed description. They provide a common vocabulary for discussing notation, <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> or programming language design. </p><p>Dimensions provide high-level descriptions of the interface and how the user interacts with it: examples include <i>consistency</i>, <i>error-proneness</i>, <i>hard mental operations</i>, <i>viscosity</i> and <i>premature commitment</i>. These concepts aid the creation of new designs from existing ones through <i>design maneuvers</i> that alter the design within a particular dimension. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affective_interaction_design">Affective interaction design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Affective interaction design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Interaction_cost" title="Interaction cost">Interaction cost</a></div> <p>Designers must be aware of elements that influence user emotional responses. For instance, products must convey positive emotions while avoiding negative ones.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharp_2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharp_2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important aspects include motivational, learning, creative, social and persuasive influences. One method that can help convey such aspects is for example, the use of dynamic icons, animations and sound to help communicate, creating a sense of interactivity. Interface aspects such as fonts, color palettes and graphical layouts can influence acceptance. Studies showed that affective aspects can affect perceptions of usability.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharp_2007_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharp_2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emotion and pleasure theories exist to explain interface responses. These include <a href="/wiki/Don_Norman" title="Don Norman">Don Norman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Emotional_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional design">emotional design</a> model, Patrick Jordan's pleasure model<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and McCarthy and Wright's Technology as Experience framework.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Five_dimensions">Five dimensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Five dimensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of dimensions of interaction design were introduced in Moggridge's book <i>Designing Interactions.</i> Crampton Smith wrote that interaction design draws on four existing design languages, 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kevin Silver later proposed a fifth dimension, behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Words">Words</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Words"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This dimension defines interactions: words are the element that users interact with. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_representations">Visual representations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Visual representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Visual representations are the elements of an interface that the user perceives; these may include but are not limited to "typography, diagrams, icons, and other graphics". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_objects_or_space">Physical objects or space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Physical objects or space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This dimension defines the objects or space "with which or within which users interact". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time">Time</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The time during which the user interacts with the interface. An example of this includes "content that changes over time such as sound, video or animation". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behavior">Behavior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Behavior defines how users respond to the interface. Users may have different reactions in this interface. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interaction_Design_Association">Interaction Design Association</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Interaction Design Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Interaction Design Association<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was created in 2003 to serve the community. The organization has over 80,000 members and more than 173 local groups.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IxDA hosts Interaction<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the annual interaction design conference, and the Interaction Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_disciplines">Related disciplines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Related disciplines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial design</a><sup id="cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd>The core principles of industrial design overlap with those of interaction design. Industrial designers use their knowledge of physical <a href="/wiki/Shape" title="Shape">form</a>, color, <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">human perception</a> and desire, and <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a> to create a fit of an object with the person using it.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">Human factors and ergonomics</a></dt> <dd>Certain basic principles of ergonomics provide grounding for interaction design. These include <a href="/wiki/Anthropometry" title="Anthropometry">anthropometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomechanics" title="Biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinesiology" title="Kinesiology">kinesiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> as they relate to human behavior in the built environment.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive psychology</a><sup id="cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd>Certain basic principles of cognitive psychology provide grounding for interaction design. These include <a href="/wiki/Mental_model" title="Mental model">mental models</a>, mapping, <a href="/wiki/Interface_metaphors" class="mw-redirect" title="Interface metaphors">interface metaphors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Affordance" title="Affordance">affordances</a>. Many of these are laid out in <a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a>'s influential book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Design_of_Everyday_Things" title="The Design of Everyday Things">The Design of Everyday Things</a>.</i></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">Human–computer interaction</a><sup id="cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd>Academic research in human–computer interaction (HCI) includes methods for describing and testing the usability of interacting with an interface, such as <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dimensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive dimensions">cognitive dimensions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_walkthrough" title="Cognitive walkthrough">cognitive walkthrough</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Design_research" title="Design research">Design research</a></dt> <dd>Interaction designers are typically informed through iterative cycles of user research. User research is used to identify the needs, motivations and behaviors of end users. They <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> with an emphasis on user goals and experience, and evaluate designs in terms of <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a> and affective influence.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a><sup id="cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt> <dd>As interaction designers increasingly deal with <a href="/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing" title="Ubiquitous computing">ubiquitous computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_informatics" title="Urban informatics">urban informatics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_computing" title="Urban computing">urban computing</a>, the architects' ability to make, place, and create context becomes a point of contact between the disciplines.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></dt> <dd>Like user interface design and <a href="/wiki/Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">experience design</a>, interaction design is often associated with the design of system interfaces in a variety of media but concentrates on the aspects of the interface that define and present its behavior over time, with a focus on developing the system to respond to the user's experience and not the other way around.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attentive_user_interface" title="Attentive user interface">Attentive user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_experience_officer" title="Chief experience officer">Chief experience officer</a> (CXO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_presentation_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Data presentation architecture">Data presentation architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_interface_guidelines" title="Human interface guidelines">Human interface guidelines</a> (user friendly computer application designs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_architecture" title="Information architecture">Information architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaction_Design_Foundation" title="Interaction Design Foundation">Interaction Design Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaction_design_pattern" title="Interaction design pattern">Interaction design pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_systems_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive systems engineering">Interactive systems engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactivity" title="Interactivity">Interactivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Interface design">Interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_user_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinetic user interface">Kinetic user interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_interaction" title="Mobile interaction">Mobile interaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACT_(interaction_design)" title="PACT (interaction design)">PACT (interaction design)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">Usability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_literacy" title="Web literacy">Web literacy</a> (creating interactive experiences on the web)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_psychology" title="Media psychology">Media psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_prototyping" title="Design prototyping">Design prototyping</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AboutFace3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AboutFace3_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCooperReimannKeezer2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cooper_(software_designer)" title="Alan Cooper (software designer)">Cooper, Alan</a>; Reimann, Kaye; Keezer, Leiben (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0gdRAAAAMAAJ"><i>About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08411-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-08411-3"><bdi>978-0-470-08411-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+Face+3%3A+The+Essentials+of+Interaction+Design&rft.place=Indianapolis%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-470-08411-3&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Reimann%2C+Kaye&rft.au=Keezer%2C+Leiben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0gdRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-soa-busmodeling/index.html">"Integrate business modeling and interaction design"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></i>. 8 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080212063437/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-soa-busmodeling/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM&rft.atitle=Integrate+business+modeling+and+interaction+design&rft.date=2007-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdeveloperworks%2Flibrary%2Fws-soa-busmodeling%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoggridge2007" class="citation book cs1">Moggridge, Bill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/86070696"><i>Designing interactions</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-28006-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-28006-8"><bdi>978-0-262-28006-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/86070696">86070696</a>. <q>I gave my first conference presentation on the subject in 1984, and at that time I described it as "Soft-face", thinking of a combination between software and user-interface design [...] we went on thinking of possible names until I eventually settled on "interaction design" with the help of Bill Verplank.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+interactions&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F86070696&rft.isbn=978-0-262-28006-8&rft.aulast=Moggridge&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F86070696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billverplank.com/professional.html">"Bill Verplank - Professional"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080123153501/http://www.billverplank.com/professional.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Verplank+-+Professional&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billverplank.com%2Fprofessional.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DesigningInteractions-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DesigningInteractions_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoggridge2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moggridge" title="Bill Moggridge">Moggridge, Bill</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/designinginterac00mogg"><i>Designing Interactions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-13474-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-13474-3"><bdi>978-0-262-13474-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Interactions&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-262-13474-3&rft.aulast=Moggridge&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdesigninginterac00mogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2013" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (26 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/27/nyregion/red-burns-godmother-of-silicon-alley-dies-at-88.html">"Red Burns, 'Godmother of Silicon Alley,' Dies at 88"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524195449/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/27/nyregion/red-burns-godmother-of-silicon-alley-dies-at-88.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Red+Burns%2C+%27Godmother+of+Silicon+Alley%2C%27+Dies+at+88&rft.date=2013-08-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F08%2F27%2Fnyregion%2Fred-burns-godmother-of-silicon-alley-dies-at-88.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130142448/http://www.design.cmu.edu/show_program.php?s=2&t=3">"Interaction Design > School of Design > Carnegie Mellon University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.design.cmu.edu/show_program.php?s%3D2%26t%3D3">the original</a> on 30 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interaction+Design+%3E+School+of+Design+%3E+Carnegie+Mellon+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.design.cmu.edu%2Fshow_program.php%3Fs%253D2%2526t%253D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interaction.rca.ac.uk">RCA Design Interactions Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710032805/http://www.interaction.rca.ac.uk/">Archived</a> 10 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.design-interactions.rca.ac.uk/anthony-dunne">RCA Design Interactions About Students Staff & Guests Research Graduating Projects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205163817/http://www.design-interactions.rca.ac.uk/anthony-dunne">Archived</a> 5 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inmates-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inmates_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inmates_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2004" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Alan (2004). <i>Inmates Are Running the Asylum, The: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity</i>. Sams Publishing. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-672-32614-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-672-32614-0"><bdi>0-672-32614-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inmates+Are+Running+the+Asylum%2C+The%3A+Why+High-Tech+Products+Drive+Us+Crazy+and+How+to+Restore+the+Sanity&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Sams+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-672-32614-0&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-introduction-to-usability/">"Usability 101: Introduction to Usability"</a>. <i>nngroup.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160901213207/https://www.nngroup.com/articles/usability-101-introduction-to-usability/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nngroup.com&rft.atitle=Usability+101%3A+Introduction+to+Usability&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nngroup.com%2Farticles%2Fusability-101-introduction-to-usability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.washington.edu/jtenenbg/courses/360/f04/sessions/schneidermanGoldenRules.html">"Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design"</a>. <i>faculty.washington.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109012011/http://faculty.washington.edu/jtenenbg/courses/360/f04/sessions/schneidermanGoldenRules.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faculty.washington.edu&rft.atitle=Shneiderman%27s+Eight+Golden+Rules+of+Interface+Design&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fjtenenbg%2Fcourses%2F360%2Ff04%2Fsessions%2FschneidermanGoldenRules.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Designing_for_the_Digital_Age_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2009" class="citation book cs1">Goodwin, Kim (2009). <i>Designing for the Digital Age</i>. Wiley. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-22910-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-22910-1"><bdi>978-0-470-22910-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+for+the+Digital+Age&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-470-22910-1&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnKwakJungSalminen2018" class="citation journal cs1">An, J.; Kwak, H.; Jung, S.; Salminen, J.; Admad, M.; Jansen, Bernard James (1 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/imaginary-people-representing-real-numbers-generating-personas-fr">"Imaginary people representing real numbers: Generating personas from online social media data"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on the Web</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3265986">10.1145/3265986</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1559-1131">1559-1131</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53578657">53578657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+the+Web&rft.atitle=Imaginary+people+representing+real+numbers%3A+Generating+personas+from+online+social+media+data&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53578657%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1559-1131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3265986&rft.aulast=An&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Kwak%2C+H.&rft.au=Jung%2C+S.&rft.au=Salminen%2C+J.&rft.au=Admad%2C+M.&rft.au=Jansen%2C+Bernard+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpennstate.pure.elsevier.com%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fimaginary-people-representing-real-numbers-generating-personas-fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._R._G._Green2000" class="citation citeseerx cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R.G._Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas R.G. Green">T. R. G. Green</a> (2000). "Instructions and Descriptions: some cognitive aspects of programming and similar activities". <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.32.8003">10.1.1.32.8003</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=CiteSeerX&rft.atitle=Instructions+and+Descriptions%3A+some+cognitive+aspects+of+programming+and+similar+activities&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.32.8003%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.au=T.+R.+G.+Green&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharp_2007-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_2007_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_2007_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpRogersPreece2007" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Helen; Rogers, Yvonne; Preece, Jenny (2007). <i>Interaction Design: Beyond Human–Computer Interaction</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. 181–217 [184].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interaction+Design%3A+Beyond+Human%E2%80%93Computer+Interaction&rft.pages=181-217+184&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Yvonne&rft.au=Preece%2C+Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/happiness/four_pleasures.htm">"Four pleasures"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+pleasures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchangingminds.org%2Fexplanations%2Femotions%2Fhappiness%2Ffour_pleasures.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/technology-experience"><i>Technology as Experience | the MIT Press</i></a>. MIT Press. 10 September 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262134477" title="Special:BookSources/9780262134477"><bdi>9780262134477</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+as+Experience+%26%23124%3B+the+MIT+Press&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.isbn=9780262134477&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmitpress.mit.edu%2Fbooks%2Ftechnology-experience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoggridge2007" class="citation book cs1">Moggridge, Bill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/designinginterac00mogg"><i>Designing Interactions</i></a>. The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-13474-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-13474-3"><bdi>978-0-262-13474-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Interactions&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-262-13474-3&rft.aulast=Moggridge&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdesigninginterac00mogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Kevin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2007/07/what-puts-the-design-in-interaction-design.php">"What Puts the Design in Interaction Design"</a>. UX Matters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111115072245/http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2007/07/what-puts-the-design-in-interaction-design.php">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Puts+the+Design+in+Interaction+Design&rft.pub=UX+Matters&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uxmatters.com%2Fmt%2Farchives%2F2007%2F07%2Fwhat-puts-the-design-in-interaction-design.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ixda.org/">"Interaction Design Association – IxDA"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602161020/http://www.ixda.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interaction+Design+Association+%E2%80%93+IxDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ixda.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ixda.org/">"Interaction Design Association - Homepage | IxDA"</a>. <i>ixda.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602161020/http://www.ixda.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ixda.org&rft.atitle=Interaction+Design+Association+-+Homepage+%7C+IxDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ixda.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interaction16.ixda.org/">"Interaction 16"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034042/http://interaction16.ixda.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interaction+16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finteraction16.ixda.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awards.ixda.org/">"Home/ IxD Awards"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20131013092453/http://awards.ixda.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home%2F+IxD+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawards.ixda.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interactiondesign.com.au_-_disciplines_and_domaines_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706105217/http://www.interactiondesign.com.au/disciplines-and-domains">"Disciplines & Domains of Interaction Design"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interactiondesign.com.au/disciplines-and-domains">the original</a> on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disciplines+%26+Domains+of+Interaction+Design&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interactiondesign.com.au%2Fdisciplines-and-domains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interaction_design&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolterGromala2008" class="citation book cs1">Bolter, Jay D.; Gromala, Diane (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/windowsmirrorsin0000bolt"><i>Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02545-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-02545-4"><bdi>978-0-262-02545-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Windows+and+Mirrors%3A+Interaction+Design%2C+Digital+Art%2C+and+the+Myth+of+Transparency&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-262-02545-4&rft.aulast=Bolter&rft.aufirst=Jay+D.&rft.au=Gromala%2C+Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwindowsmirrorsin0000bolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchenauSuri" class="citation book cs1">Buchenau, Marion; Suri, Jane Fulton. <i>Experience Prototyping</i>. DIS 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58113-219-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-58113-219-0"><bdi>1-58113-219-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Experience+Prototyping&rft.pub=DIS+2000&rft.isbn=1-58113-219-0&rft.aulast=Buchenau&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft.au=Suri%2C+Jane+Fulton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuxton2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Buxton" title="Bill Buxton">Buxton, Bill</a> (2005). <i>Sketching the User Experience</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Riders_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="New Riders Press">New Riders Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-34475-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-34475-8"><bdi>0-321-34475-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sketching+the+User+Experience&rft.pub=New+Riders+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-321-34475-8&rft.aulast=Buxton&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cooper_(software_designer)" title="Alan Cooper (software designer)">Cooper, Alan</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inmatesarerunni000coop"><i>The Inmates are Running the Asylum</i></a></span>. Sams. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0672316498" title="Special:BookSources/0672316498"><bdi>0672316498</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Inmates+are+Running+the+Asylum&rft.pub=Sams&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0672316498&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finmatesarerunni000coop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperReimannCroninNoessel2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cooper_(software_designer)" title="Alan Cooper (software designer)">Cooper, Alan</a>; Reimann, Robert; Cronin, David; Noessel, Christopher (2014). <i>About Face</i> (4th ed.). Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118766576" title="Special:BookSources/9781118766576"><bdi>9781118766576</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+Face&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781118766576&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Reimann%2C+Robert&rft.au=Cronin%2C+David&rft.au=Noessel%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawes2007" class="citation book cs1">Dawes, Brendan (2007). <i>Analog In, Digital Out</i>. Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/New_Riders_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="New Riders Press">New Riders Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+In%2C+Digital+Out&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=New+Riders+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Dawes&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2009" class="citation book cs1">Goodwin, Kim (2009). <i>Designing for the Digital Age: How to Create Human-Centered Products and Services</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-22910-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-22910-1"><bdi>978-0-470-22910-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+for+the+Digital+Age%3A+How+to+Create+Human-Centered+Products+and+Services&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-470-22910-1&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoudeHill1997" class="citation book cs1">Houde, Stephanie; Hill, Charles (1997). "What Do Prototypes Prototype?". In Helander, M; Landauer, T; Prabhu, P (eds.). <i>Handbook of Human–Computer Interaction</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier Science">Elsevier Science</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Do+Prototypes+Prototype%3F&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Human%E2%80%93Computer+Interaction&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Houde&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Hill%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jones, Matt & Gary Marsden: <i>Mobile Interaction Design</i>, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-09089-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-470-09089-8">0-470-09089-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolko2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kolko" title="Jon Kolko">Kolko, Jon</a> (2009). <i>Thoughts on Interaction Design</i>. Morgan Kaufmann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-378624-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-378624-1"><bdi>978-0-12-378624-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thoughts+on+Interaction+Design&rft.pub=Morgan+Kaufmann&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-12-378624-1&rft.aulast=Kolko&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurelLunenfeld2003" class="citation book cs1">Laurel, Brenda; Lunenfeld, Peter (2003). <i>Design Research: Methods and Perspectives</i>. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-12263-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-12263-4"><bdi>0-262-12263-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Research%3A+Methods+and+Perspectives&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-262-12263-4&rft.aulast=Laurel&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.au=Lunenfeld%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTinauliPillan2008" class="citation conference cs1">Tinauli, Musstanser; Pillan, Margherita (2008). "Interaction Design and Experiential Factors: A Novel Case Study on Digital Pen and Paper". <i>Mobility '08: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications, and Systems</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1506270.1506400">10.1145/1506270.1506400</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60558-089-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60558-089-0"><bdi>978-1-60558-089-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Interaction+Design+and+Experiential+Factors%3A+A+Novel+Case+Study+on+Digital+Pen+and+Paper&rft.btitle=Mobility+%2708%3A+Proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+on+Mobile+Technology%2C+Applications%2C+and+Systems&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1506270.1506400&rft.isbn=978-1-60558-089-0&rft.aulast=Tinauli&rft.aufirst=Musstanser&rft.au=Pillan%2C+Margherita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Norman">Norman, Donald</a> (1988). <a href="/wiki/The_Design_of_Everyday_Things" title="The Design of Everyday Things"><i>The Design of Everyday Things</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06710-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-06710-7"><bdi>978-0-465-06710-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Design+of+Everyday+Things&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-465-06710-7&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaskin2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Raskin, Jef</a> (2000). <a href="/wiki/The_Humane_Interface" title="The Humane Interface"><i>The Humane Interface</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-37937-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-37937-6"><bdi>0-201-37937-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Humane+Interface&rft.pub=ACM+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-201-37937-6&rft.aulast=Raskin&rft.aufirst=Jef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaffer2006" class="citation book cs1">Saffer, Dan (2006). <i>Designing for Interaction</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Riders_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="New Riders Press">New Riders Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-43206-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-43206-1"><bdi>0-321-43206-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+for+Interaction&rft.pub=New+Riders+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-321-43206-1&rft.aulast=Saffer&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInteraction+design" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Design" title="Template talk:Design"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Design" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Design"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Design931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_design" title="Outline of design">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">Designer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disciplines931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disciplines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">Communication<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">Advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Book design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibit_design" title="Exhibit design">Exhibit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_title_design" title="Film title design">Film title design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_graphic_design" title="Motion graphic design">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp_design" title="Postage stamp design">Postage stamp design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_design" title="Print design">Print design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_design" title="Instructional design">Instructional design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_design" title="News design">News design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_design" title="Retail design">Retail design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signage" title="Signage">Signage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign_design" title="Traffic sign design">Traffic sign design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> / <a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_design" title="Video design">Video design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_merchandising" title="Visual merchandising">Visual merchandising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_design" title="Environmental design">Environmental<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">Architectural lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_design" title="Building design">Building design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passive_solar_building_design" title="Passive solar building design">Passive solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_design" title="Environmental impact design">Environmental impact design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">Computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_community_design" title="Healthy community design">Healthy community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_design" title="Hotel design">Hotel design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experiential_interior_design" title="Experiential interior design">EID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyline_design" title="Keyline design">Keyline design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_design" title="Landscape design">Landscape design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">Spatial design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Industrial<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_suspension_design_process" title="Automotive suspension design process">Automotive suspension design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMF_design" title="CMF design">CMF design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar_design" title="Electric guitar design">Electric guitar design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_furniture_design" title="Sustainable furniture design">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_design" title="Motorcycle design">Motorcycle design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">Packaging and labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_lens_design" title="Photographic lens design">Photographic lens design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_design" title="Product design">Product design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_design" title="Sensory design">Sensory design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_design" title="Service design">Service design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interaction<br />design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experience_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Experience design">Experience design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employee_experience_design" title="Employee experience design">EED</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">Game design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Video game design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_interface_design" title="Hardware interface design">Hardware interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon_design" title="Icon design">Icon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_design" title="Immersive design">Immersive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_design" title="Information design">Information design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_interaction_design" title="Sonic interaction design">Sonic interaction design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_experience_design" title="User experience design">User experience design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Applied_arts" title="Applied arts">applied arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">glass design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costume_design" title="Costume design">Costume design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design" title="Game art design">Game art design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Property designer">Property design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting_design" title="Lighting design">Stage/set lighting design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_design" title="Textile design">Textile design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />design<br />& <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Algorithm design">Algorithm design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">Behavioural design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_design" title="Boiler design">Boiler design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">Database design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_design" title="Drug design">Drug design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_system_design" title="Electrical system design">Electrical system design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Experimental design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_design" title="Filter design">Filter design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_design" title="Geometric design">Geometric design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_design" title="Work design">Work design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_design" title="Integrated circuit design">Integrated circuit design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_design" title="Circuit design">Circuit design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_design_(electronics)" title="Physical design (electronics)">Physical design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_network_design_(IC)" title="Power network design (IC)">Power network design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_design" title="Mechanism design">Mechanism design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon_design" title="Nuclear weapon design">Nuclear weapon design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_design" title="Nucleic acid design">Nucleic acid design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_architecture" title="Organizational architecture">Organization design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_design" title="Process design">Process design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processor_design" title="Processor design">Processor design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_design" title="Protein design">Protein design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_design" title="Research design">Research design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_design" title="Social design">Social design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_design" title="Spacecraft design">Spacecraft design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_design" title="Strategic design">Strategic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_design" title="Systems design">Systems design</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Approaches931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Approaches</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity-centered_design" title="Activity-centered design">Activity-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_web_design" title="Adaptive web design">Adaptive web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affective_design" title="Affective design">Affective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">Brainstorming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_committee" title="Design by committee">By committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_by_contract" title="Design by contract">By contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-K_theory" title="C-K theory">C-K theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_closure" title="Design closure">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Co-design</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concept-oriented_design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concept-oriented design (page does not exist)">Concept-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configuration_design" title="Configuration design">Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contextual_design" title="Contextual design">Contextual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_design" title="Continuous design">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradle-to-cradle_design" title="Cradle-to-cradle design">Cradle-to-cradle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_problem-solving" title="Creative problem-solving">Creative problem-solving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_design" title="Critical design">Critical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_fiction" title="Design fiction">Design fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_design" title="Defensive design">Defensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architect-led_design%E2%80%93build" class="mw-redirect" title="Architect-led design–build">architect-led</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_design" title="Diffuse design">Diffuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain-driven_design" title="Domain-driven design">Domain-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_neutral_design" title="Energy neutral design">Energy neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_design_process" title="Engineering design process">Engineering design process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error-tolerant_design" title="Error-tolerant design">Error-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fault-tolerant_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault-tolerant design">Fault-tolerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework-oriented_design" title="Framework-oriented design">Framework-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_assembly" title="Design for assembly">For assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_design" title="Behavioural design">For behaviour change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_manufacturability" title="Design for manufacturability">For manufacturability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_Six_Sigma" title="Design for Six Sigma">For Six Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_testing" title="Design for testing">For testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_X" title="Design for X">For X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_design" title="Functional design">Functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_design" title="Generative design">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesign" title="Geodesign">Geodesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-centered_design" title="Human-centered design">HCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_design" title="High-level design">High-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_design" title="Inclusive design">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_design" title="Integrated design">Integrated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_topside_design" title="Integrated topside design">Integrated topside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence-based_design" title="Intelligence-based design">Intelligence-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_design" title="Iterative design">Iterative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KISS_principle" title="KISS principle">KISS principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-level_design" title="Low-level design">Low-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadesign" title="Metadesign">Metadesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_map" title="Mind map">Mind mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_design" title="Modular design">Modular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_(design)" title="New Wave (design)">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">Object-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametric_design" title="Parametric design">Parametric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_design" title="Participatory design">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform-based_design" title="Platform-based design">Platform-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy-based_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-based design">Policy-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process-centered_design" title="Process-centered design">Process-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest_design" title="Public interest design">Public interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_design" title="Rational design">Rational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regenerative_design" title="Regenerative design">Regenerative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research-based_design" title="Research-based design">Research-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsibility-driven_design" title="Responsibility-driven design">Responsibility-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsive_web_design" title="Responsive web design">RWD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe-life_design" title="Safe-life design">Safe-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_design" title="Systemic design">Systemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems-oriented_design" title="Systems-oriented design">SOD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tableless_web_design" title="Tableless web design">Tableless web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_constraints" title="Theory of constraints">Theory of constraints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-down_and_bottom-up_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-down and bottom-up design">Top-down and bottom-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_design" title="Transformation design">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_design" title="Transgenerational design">Transgenerational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIZ" title="TRIZ">TRIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_design" title="Universal design">Universal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_for_All_(in_ICT)" title="Design for All (in ICT)">Design for All</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-centered_design" title="Usage-centered design">Usage-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use-centered_design" title="Use-centered design">Use-centered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-centered_design" title="User-centered design">User-centered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empathic_design" title="Empathic design">Empathic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_innovation" title="User innovation">User innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value-driven_design" title="Value-driven design">Value-driven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_sensitive_design" title="Value sensitive design">Value sensitive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">Privacy by</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_choice" title="Design choice">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_computing" title="Design computing">computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_controls" title="Design controls">controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_culture" title="Design culture">culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_flow_(EDA)" title="Design flow (EDA)">flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_leadership" title="Design leadership">leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_management" title="Design management">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_marker" title="Design marker">marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_methods" title="Design methods">methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_pattern" title="Design pattern">pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_research" title="Design research">research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_science" title="Design science">science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_sprint" title="Design sprint">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Design strategy">strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_theory" title="Design theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_thinking" title="Design thinking">thinking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="ToolsIntellectual_propertyOrganizationsAwards931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tools</li><li>Intellectual property</li><li>Organizations</li><li>Awards</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Design_tool" title="Design tool">Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algorithms-Aided_Design" title="Algorithms-Aided Design">AAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Architectural model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_layout" title="Comprehensive layout">Comprehensive layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_industrial_design" title="Computer-aided industrial design">CAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_home_design_software" title="Virtual home design software">Virtual home design software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-automated_design" title="Computer-automated design">CAutoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_quality_indicator" title="Design quality indicator">Design quality indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">Flowchart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockup" title="Mockup">Mockup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_specification" title="Design specification">Design specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">Storyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_wireframe" title="Website wireframe">Website wireframe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intellectual<br />property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_design" title="Community design">Community design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_infringement" title="Design infringement">Design infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_patent" title="Design patent">Design patent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design_copyright" title="Fashion design copyright">Fashion design copyright</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geschmacksmuster" title="Geschmacksmuster">Geschmacksmuster</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_right" title="Industrial design right">Industrial design rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design_rights_in_the_European_Union" title="Industrial design rights in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Graphic_Arts" title="American Institute of Graphic Arts">American Institute of Graphic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Designers" title="Chartered Society of Designers">Chartered Society of Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_and_Industries_Association" title="Design and Industries Association">Design and Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Council" title="Design Council">Design Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Forum_Design" title="International Forum Design">International Forum Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Research_Society" title="Design Research Society">Design Research Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Design_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="European Design Award">European Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Design_Award" title="German Design Award">German Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Museum_of_Modern_Art)" title="Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)">Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Design_Award_(Chicago_Athenaeum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)">Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphex" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphex">Graphex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IF_Product_Design_Award" title="IF Product Design Award">IF Product Design Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dyson_Award" title="James Dyson Award">James Dyson Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip_Designers_Prize" title="Prince Philip Designers Prize">Prince Philip Designers Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics931" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_art" title="Concept art">Concept art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_design" title="Conceptual design">Conceptual design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_icon" title="Cultural icon">Cultural icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">Form factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">Futures studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_design" title="Indie design">Indie design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_management" title="Innovation management">Innovation management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lean_startup" title="Lean startup">Lean startup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_product_development" title="New product development">New product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OODA_loop" title="OODA loop">OODA loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_simulation" title="Process simulation">Process simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Slow design">Slow design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_poor_design" title="Argument from poor design">Unintelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicked_problem" title="Wicked problem">Wicked problem</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Design <a href="/wiki/Design_brief" title="Design brief">brief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_change" title="Design change">change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_classic" title="Design classic">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_competition" title="Design competition">competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_design_competition" title="Student design competition">student</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_director" title="Design director">director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_education" title="Design education">education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_elements" title="Design elements">elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_firm" class="mw-redirect" title="Design firm">firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_history" title="Design history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_knowledge" title="Design knowledge">knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_language" title="Design language">language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_life" title="Design life">life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_load" title="Design load">load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_museum" title="Design museum">museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_paradigm" title="Design paradigm">paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_principles" title="Design principles">principles</a></li> <li><a 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