CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134663f6992fd83',cH: 'gYzmFxq0JfYBv8YV0st3Kgb6DsRcA7.llXUnXpPNNy8-1739780858-1.2.1.1-Mtl8pIieKnD.SeICznFym.a_lqpywZz7lq_1N4kJZ45cVb1M7i8NCSmaBPRDPefC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=information%20security%20audit&__cf_chl_tk=sZQirmNoJt_ROicGhRU8nk2658U4tVkjPGNmVowdKAU-1739780858-1.0.1.1-.kx1edoadEM1TCNQkjaUuCgXdtY.qpzQZ8.9xzkcack",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739780858',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=information%20security%20audit&__cf_chl_f_tk=sZQirmNoJt_ROicGhRU8nk2658U4tVkjPGNmVowdKAU-1739780858-1.0.1.1-.kx1edoadEM1TCNQkjaUuCgXdtY.qpzQZ8.9xzkcack",md: "O1BIUTw2DqlHzwRApv8VQ2PA8AsA0pF4w_0R83aEEKk-1739780858-1.2.1.1-H1gmj6W.0NZ7njO3gURIt5kflzC1bN3Ldgvz5Yo5pdr4sIhf30LZL7pHlxGSADmQd.4wyt730HEdP1leLQ58I0bRHZ8VlHO7urSG1sE50xi0SJ4nfhpkIePn4NjP7.bhzQNqyJ3vEWqLjTkMyEZBb1VlRblsB_lblsw8RgpGpOubKwC9E6hl7wk7ijov4lPTiR8Gn.UKwE49Yrr4EFo5LijS9PGS8HnFqXgZogIJmDjQg3ebdInL5Pt5Gio6RrmNLJhULwHmDvC5bHpGSC1tIr6HRc3wLAV_76Zgnc9Vi551ea5KO4OWrfHUvxAV6qoJej9w4cNRfojLMC6Au1LIIL_BGVGUdze8YgHiBIrNu6ZcYssV4BMX8jFgA1vF8HwzOOkil1ML1YGWiSKqBs0QRGWpcLF.xfntaFUh8mJagR2aXiC8T93K7yo8zNzCIbU9nBPGx3XSnDL9Q2lIc_7II0P_z5WOEPknIolMLZf6inZ27WkEb6dR.8s0yXZssrbFvawLC2nx6CR41uSvRuhG_FB4DoA9pohW76UvGomeWYu9zQ7DCWUk46HEWOULo2jBlZnC641.9nAbb3Tw.pg_ONSa2OO5gut_fE4vjO2iDTr_6tHDKkSt2uNswxhZJ13UGT1WhPDfcWQ17sSwJre3EHhsTnAUGpi7y314XEsGKE5whaZhmLICbxgXNwCZ47Zg3wnK.CgEG8ZLzKaJ4g46JyFJWC7nJU2UFiJn2VG8.OFh8LQ1Tqti6LPwWa4q8k0RlLQBfjUO4X.BEG3_.Dqa7BwioxthlFBH8NLkzfuBLCjqDb96ktCe5T7gXWC5cS.FzLiQL9kCJTHPZgR8v2X.zREpn.1CP9avOU4E1uf0sWoMKmDp_NIoCvVa4rHFkFEerdt9glIJiUwRGdco8ckCkiVJEz3RvHj_oFFjq5Sr5eVtu51WdaqogYD1WWeapUk_HxWbZHzIOALyF0AsdFdorCcDJK6ifnd16kLk_xiqxF6Nb6XJmrkG4nOxUZs5NrO2XMPVaiB6yMIAQhFuo3ppmC7rccACM3C49m92jjfQvcen4idOB9ZXuNW82AF0fZZWi.BaPsrDwMTuEE3ITkRkelHYrzNVoMpmcErryCEOFAYH.8fLtSQ8yNzwdveYPHGEEBihVFCGnj5zxjnKcNWs_rcMHEm657A_2Ozqco5QVPmcry2SadYhzAUbmZ8pJSQI_vAU6KnPqobjppsUR8T3RZWutQCTCY1bvqDkfsExkQfOUj7jxkvN5x4RTMy.FXRbApTXpUZMPRDqRa.FhdQ2tu2abs.TElDc1PMv_yq5XN9p7lTFUgn4H7xeSd5KCz4y3CbNHjSyhZWZmHkFNsNyQaAySZ8h6UqMM8LB8IVv.vtt.be4xAQ1Cazr9Elq1zk4ZWQQrIaKh9WcZhGDmeLGiC9DaTcDmIMNc769IAISAu02krOaXtU2U49i3WPtLkuPIKP85duNKZsWjAngvAkvi54e1jEyKW52z8P3nknAUiYGVqtyDZLGH_AVlkjPaLMdSEQcsAInoXBo4n1cHA5luKP47YG93CfNCUmxxMn8o29KFHxtKtu.fiXfHszdofwaiRDkdKDE6silJKpdY64pyotnzhoAYOy2Sf5xEGTGtWzsyrUUCzTSD3gYsW2zf_YaHE1ElgGfVp25ze_WHalIbt8by9AtoRroamCfeLZq9l9qooJ55xzM.1xwMX08MNkoR_rHnRCfaEAafKBifoSCC4FPL6B31Ltzz69h5lwMW8vbDvUfAziMJyl49yEJJqH8ZTG9zwO8V4335gBEt6iv.L.6DfgtOCZ3KnK.6HCh5B.kc0MCtsyphp_WWkjrtTDsgHryNaPJDYfehH3fdAA3bJqbhqlpXR.HjxaSXSf79ZXKM3Bm03mGClnQj0ruNcF2q25sUfajn24AEDIq7lxM5FcvVVs5E.RKwtjtmCBgafbr7IegNanYt0OAQGzVavv8DMkhi2_.AHfAzJaIJ37RbQ",mdrd: "p0CTmvxdiaENFLv8bX5tw5H9tXJ5V0Jf2HqSuEmE8kA-1739780858-1.2.1.1-VrxHMNSxpMsDIBY6Qa_AsJF8OzBXJKSP2TCv61IYcJ_ha38VQyEjW5I2c7jbMPnG.KqyqqlXqMOua3e.M2_YHNEr.VfLPRlVkpYLcAc7McIyVge2GNEO.8XIgwWIeZ8ynLAEgsG8awXJOBz87M2hP.gGuKYbOqw5ZXPyW.jZlY1X1JVRfwDw9_fgi8czd3aaTr1KpVoObNNhwCTMNubBWSmzWYTTD9mUQIYUI3bzYAEdC51s6I1gKHGKHM2JIrufUQdpF33wmG96dfuLeIqsoWpgpsAVd3GuYsQWMKuS7X3uL4zBuIOhmfmWBp.PLKP3w.k.krmxzQeDaFGYxnk0wFFicCbW6ltu9CHjTFZltO4jX_h6pdXi_xrP7X1X1iI3xNee7tVOD9AEAmEcwdwBTBMXe3J57qmHNnLm0CzbbJVJ3GKM8s_.u7BUvTl.Vyg9_1uYuPjck5yaTXW71POqrdnWqeNfP3GBpeCAz0cUJL5MqGJJNwhKhwDBCulFiL1CeRaB9Y5eTTUTOq3Znwpr81kbKDjAoOlT7e0YLUtSjFr47rWu5Mjgf2kGnaApoUQNWgQxGlYBFLkjgxTVSXQWOJkSCmByFsoCnD6X4KG3Vj.6b38r_qVu0p0UoYkAkhyWB1AAUGJUrblECVaUUI1gf9D_vP4aFjZkkxjuZJWHqd4CigpKLOPgeOj.JBC0mK6EKnvoK21lInWRW.7LDd5er3GZBEDmYEKuoi0z.spr4KdSY0dMN1kW4z1fxyEwQP0xWYzxSC_3RGup8eGcB_nQGizAeWSNJvZwPly841zJ2msrru.c9bfhoMJTTtqo7jSnAzPQ.fdurCvRaNZIVNngKiHsjA5o4Oaym._MXjB9EqhQTd2tQFBYc13KmAgWZpx0tsyQ55QKG3XsFQzmNO7ixNt_imk5u8LAPUNKDrtVCXxLz8RTgIxV.Bt7K8H9fY7ZA8qL0nEVPhUIg3RQEEIWFrNHjG9DRN_5hxvxYRNSCcN7PnWaOluBVyON7GVUQlFWJs8PdAaQvIVBdD5t9wbzbLbbSs5qguVGy8mdJPEofWn_q4.Q5sPEcObMRGQz7IYrFdpgTkYssCH9bzAE7OB2RSrWDhVcw8Qm6d.WGSTYHpQ3LhZwpImd5Xy5I9K05IBa1Qqf8LxFutab_Ad_kEVUisObCumEmrJMaxnu80Pkvdteuux.f1NytyhyNx6wPAGR58WOT8On3RfRRdKWbUmp1csFPrfqpTlAMeXUwJj1BdFpUQRi5MZ_tatHqcjl7nyxZX8mqOnl.U.fKV4fZPgdfdMq2D6iv.RlUddvGu8aNWjdGxJPWY7uFPsDUIWEG.xAHrf.bduuOeV0MxpR9eKggmqo6MoIUvyYnLvlpHIX2YjdiS_HHTGy4dGbd1DynuWIIxfCy6Pv_DD1p6wABvP1pXYC9r0dsJ81cXcfDzEjcO0_gcJPlpWEStPR.CEpTVPE.XHcMAiAAlLOUeRWZY.7M6JLgE1DcPukdURhgXsX8.llVmTlV4wVEGVLvN6.vqqo8KILD5Q558b6i0vA9nNQB5lIhBt8LZ.zwNLQNYRGZ0InaOLf0J6IJkTRm.ZGQigQaXCio0cmF.WFSLFWhCcI.jq1XeAIPu3EPM67ozSJYx9VsLjbeoFAOwCf_7gCyrzAVvTo47zzbSHUfsKy99KPOKuQwEO_4uYrh5xTyBDejI_M_jlDoDqtxXCRHcgRBt5fv.tdxtBM4FURuCltuY9ytMjPLjX2QjsWaXGY6OXyiTbSXq4ZZdNHikkpjGPv5f_y7aVc3N8.iYJQfCgNF7ag7ci5KGt7XCGtfOYL418Kowx2YLDwkSzPljiCuj.x22tKJpBhsyaJv5yNODolcoTnwNyIn0g17FP7Fj3_tCy8VxtWxU7dYfjYfrqwI3uydyMSfk7S52j_UP6d9SFwrlJKgNT79CFHkrFrBvYU7emyPAqTeZ7wVnZcqOqv0XHwHtsh"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134663f6992fd83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=information%20security%20audit&__cf_chl_rt_tk=sZQirmNoJt_ROicGhRU8nk2658U4tVkjPGNmVowdKAU-1739780858-1.0.1.1-.kx1edoadEM1TCNQkjaUuCgXdtY.qpzQZ8.9xzkcack" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>