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<span>Organists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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Munich</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AE)" title="كاتدرائية السيدة العذراء (ميونيخ) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاتدرائية السيدة العذراء (ميونيخ)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seu_de_Nuestra_Sinyora_de_M%C3%BAnich" title="Seu de Nuestra Sinyora de Múnich – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Seu de Nuestra Sinyora de Múnich" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnxen_kafedral%C4%B1" title="Münxen kafedralı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Münxen kafedralı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87" title="মিউনিখ ফ্রাউনখিয়ের্কে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিউনিখ ফ্রাউনখিয়ের্কে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8D_(%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Фраўэнкірхэ (Мюнхен) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фраўэнкірхэ (Мюнхен)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5_(%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Фрауенкирхе (Мюнхен) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фрауенкирхе (Мюнхен)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunkirch_(Minga)" title="Fraunkirch (Minga) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Fraunkirch (Minga)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Frauenkirche (München) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frauenkirche (München)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Nostra_Senyora_de_M%C3%BAnic" title="Catedral de Nostra Senyora de Múnic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catedral de Nostra Senyora de Múnic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(Mnichov)" title="Frauenkirche (Mnichov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frauenkirche (Mnichov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Frauenkirche (München) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frauenkirche (München)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Frauenkirche (München) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frauenkirche (München)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5_(%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF)" title="Φράουενκιρχε (Μόναχο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράουενκιρχε (Μόναχο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_(M%C3%BAnich)" title="Catedral de Nuestra Señora (Múnich) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catedral de Nuestra Señora (Múnich)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedralo_de_Munkeno" title="Katedralo de Munkeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katedralo de Munkeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Frauenkirche" title="Munich Frauenkirche – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Munich Frauenkirche" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AE)" title="کلیسای بانوی ما (مونیخ) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای بانوی ما (مونیخ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Munich" title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Munich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Munich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%97%94%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%97%A4_(%EB%AE%8C%ED%97%A8)" title="프라우엔키르헤 (뮌헨) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프라우엔키르헤 (뮌헨)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AD%D5%A5" title="Ֆրաուենկիրխե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրաուենկիրխե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedral_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Katedral München – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katedral München" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%BAarkirkjan_%C3%AD_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Frúarkirkjan í München – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frúarkirkjan í München" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(Monaco_di_Baviera)" title="Frauenkirche (Monaco di Baviera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frauenkirche (Monaco di Baviera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasszonyunk-templom_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Miasszonyunk-templom (München) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Miasszonyunk-templom (München)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="كاتدرائيه السيده العذراء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتدرائيه السيده العذراء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Frauenkirche (München) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frauenkirche (München)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%92" title="فراؤنکرخے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فراؤنکرخے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra_Naj%C5%9Bwi%C4%99tszej_Marii_Panny_w_Monachium" title="Katedra Najświętszej Marii Panny w Monachium – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katedra Najświętszej Marii Panny w Monachium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(Munique)" title="Frauenkirche (Munique) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frauenkirche (Munique)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedrala_din_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Catedrala din München – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catedrala din München" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5_(%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Фрауэнкирхе (Мюнхен) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фрауэнкирхе (Мюнхен)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolnica_Na%C5%A1e_ljube_gospe,_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Stolnica Naše ljube gospe, München – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stolnica Naše ljube gospe, München" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Frauenkirche (München) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frauenkirche (München)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche,_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Frauenkirche, München – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frauenkirche, München" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="โบสถ์แม่พระมิวนิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบสถ์แม่พระมิวนิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenkirche_(M%C3%BCnchen)" title="Frauenkirche (München) – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Frauenkirche (München)" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5_(%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Фрауенкірхе (Мюнхен) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фрауенкірхе (Мюнхен)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_th%E1%BB%9D_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_B%C3%A0_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Nhà thờ Đức Bà München – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà thờ Đức Bà München" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82%EF%BC%88%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%EF%BC%89" title="圣母主教座堂（慕尼黑） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣母主教座堂（慕尼黑）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82_(%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91)" title="聖母主教座堂 (慕尼黑) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖母主教座堂 (慕尼黑)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frauenkirche,_Munich&params=48_8_19_N_11_34_26_E_region:DE-BY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°8′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°34′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.13861°N 11.57389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.13861; 11.57389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Bavaria, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Frauenkirche</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">Dom zu Unserer Lieben Frau</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">English: <span lang="en">Cathedral of Our Lady</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><div class="nickname"><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a>: <i lang="bar">Dom zu Unsra Liabm Frau</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg/220px-Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg/330px-Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg/440px-Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3952" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_9fd186f46f4bd997ee75c801240780903e4009a9"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Frauenkirche%2C_Munich&revid=1264947639&groups=_9fd186f46f4bd997ee75c801240780903e4009a9" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Frauenkirche%2C_Munich&revid=1264947639&groups=_9fd186f46f4bd997ee75c801240780903e4009a9 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frauenkirche,_Munich&params=48_8_19_N_11_34_26_E_region:DE-BY_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°8′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°34′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.13861°N 11.57389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.13861; 11.57389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Frauenplatz 12<br /><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category">Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenchner-dom.de/">www<wbr />.muenchner-dom<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Co-cathedral" title="Co-cathedral">Co-cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1494</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Functional status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_von_Halsbach" title="Jörg von Halsbach">Jörg von Halsbach</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_architecture_of_Western_Europe#Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral architecture of Western Europe">Renaissance</a> (domes)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years built</th><td class="infobox-data">preced. 12th century<br />actual 1468–1488</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1524 (domes added)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">109 metres (358 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">40 metres (130 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">98.57 metres (323.4 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Archdiocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Munich_and_Freising" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising">Munich and Freising</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Clergy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Marx" title="Reinhard Marx">Reinhard Cardinal Marx</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Priest#In_Christianity" title="Priest">Priest(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Msgr. Klaus Peter Franzl</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Laity</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_director" title="Music director">Director of music</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Lucia Hilz <br /> (<i>Domkapellmeisterin</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Organist" title="Organist">Organist(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Ruben Sturm <br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_Welzel" title="Martin Welzel">Martin Welzel</a> (Assistant Organist, 2013–2021, and Associate Organist, 2021–2022)<br />Msgr. Hans Leitner (2003–2021)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Frauenkirche</b> (Full name: <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Dom zu Unserer Lieben Frau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a>: <i lang="bar">Dom zu Unsra Liabm Frau</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Cathedral of Our Dear Lady') is a church in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany, that serves as the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Munich_and_Freising" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising">Archdiocese of Munich and Freising</a> and seat of its Archbishop. It is a landmark and is considered a symbol of the Bavarian capital city. Although called "Münchner Dom" (Munich Cathedral) on its website and <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a>, the church is referred to as "Frauenkirche" by locals. It is the biggest <a href="/wiki/Hall_church" title="Hall church">hall church</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of local height limits, the church towers are widely visible. As a result of the narrow outcome of a local plebiscite, city administration prohibits buildings with a height exceeding 99 m in the city center. Since November 2004, this prohibition has been provisionally extended outward, and consequently, no buildings may be built in the city over the aforementioned height.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The south tower, which is open to those wishing to climb the stairs or use the elevator, offers a unique view of Munich and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> since the completion of its renovation in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg/220px-Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg/330px-Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg/440px-Schedel-weltchronik-muenchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>General view of Munich from the Nuremberg Chronicle, Frauenkirche in the center</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png/220px-Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png/330px-Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png/440px-Grundriss_alte_Frauenkirche_Muenchen.png 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Floorplan old and new Frauenkirche</figcaption></figure> <p>A late <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> church was added next to the town's first ring of walls in the 12th century. This new church served as a second city parish following the older, <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church,_Munich" title="St. Peter's Church, Munich">Alter Peter</a> church. The late <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> cathedral visible today, which replaced the Romanesque church, was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Duke Sigismund</a> and the people of Munich, and built in the 15th century. </p><p> The cathedral was erected in only 20 years' time by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_von_Halsbach" title="Jörg von Halsbach">Jörg von Halsbach</a>. Because there was not a nearby stone quarry and for other financial reasons, brick was chosen as building material. Construction began in 1468,<sup id="cite_ref-munichinfo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munichinfo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when the cash resources were exhausted in 1479, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a> granted an <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgence</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg/220px-Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg/330px-Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg/440px-Frauenkirche_M%C3%BCnchen_abends.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>Frauenkirche in the evening</figcaption></figure> <p>The two towers, which are both just over 98 meters (323 feet) tall, were completed in 1488, and the church was consecrated in 1494. There were plans for tall, open-work spires typical of the Gothic style, but given the financial difficulties of the time, the plans could not be realized. The towers remained unfinished until 1525. </p><p>German historian <a href="/wiki/Hartmann_Schedel" title="Hartmann Schedel">Hartmann Schedel</a> printed a view of Munich including the unfinished towers in his famous <i><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></i>, also known as Schedel's World Chronicle. Finally, because rainwater was regularly penetrating the temporary roofing in the tower's ceilings, the towers were completed in 1525, albeit using a more budget-friendly design. This new design may have been modelled after the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, which itself was modelled from late <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine architecture</a> and erroneously considered to be <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon's</a> original temple.<sup id="cite_ref-dom_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting domes atop each tower contributed to making the church a distinctive Munich landmark. </p><p>The building has a volume of about 200,000 m³,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and originally had the capacity to house 20,000 standing people. Later, pews for ordinary people were introduced. Considering late fifteenth-century Munich had only 13,000 inhabitants and an already established parish church in Alter Peter, it is quite remarkable that a second church of this magnitude was erected in the city. </p><p>In 1919, <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Levin%C3%A9" title="Eugen Leviné">Eugen Leviné</a>, leader of a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian Socialist Republic">Bavarian Socialist Republic</a>, had the Frauenkirche declared a "revolutionary temple."<sup id="cite_ref-Bronner_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bronner-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cathedral suffered severe damage during the later stages of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. After <a href="/wiki/History_of_Munich#Weimar_Republic/Nazi_regime_and_World_War_II" title="History of Munich">Allied forces' air raids</a>, the church roof collapsed, one of the towers suffered severe damage, and the majority of the church's irreplaceable historical artifacts held inside were lost—either destroyed by bomb raids themselves, or removed with the debris in the aftermath. A multi-stage restoration effort began soon after the war. The final stage of restoration was completed in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-mytravel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mytravel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg/120px-Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg/180px-Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg/240px-Munich_Frauenkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>Frauenkirche, looking up at the towers</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katedrala,_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Katedrala%2C_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg/120px-Katedrala%2C_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Katedrala%2C_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg/180px-Katedrala%2C_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Katedrala%2C_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg/240px-Katedrala%2C_M%C3%BCnchen_-_tornjevi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>2015 renewal</figcaption></figure> <p>The Frauenkirche was constructed from red brick in the late <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style within only 20 years. The building is designed very plainly, without rich Gothic ornamentation and with its buttresses moved into and hidden in the interior. This, together with the two towers' special design (<a href="/wiki/Batter_(walls)" title="Batter (walls)">battered</a> upwards, etc.), makes the construction, mighty anyway, look even more enormous and gives it a near-modern appearance according to the principle of "less is more". </p><p>The Late Gothic brick building with chapels surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> is 109 metres (358 ft) long, 40 metres (130 ft) wide, and 37 metres (121 ft) high. Contrary to a widespread legend that says the two towers with their characteristic domes are exactly one meter different in height, they are almost equal: the north tower is 98.57 metres (323.4 ft) while the south tower is only 98.45 metres (323.0 ft), 12 centimetres (4.7 in) less. The original design called for pointed spires to top the towers, much like <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a>, but those were never built because of lack of money. Instead, the two domes were constructed during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and do not match the architectural style of the building, however they have become a distinctive landmark of Munich. With an enclosed space of about 200,000 m³, with 150,000 m³ up to the height of the vault, it is the second among the largest <a href="/wiki/Hall_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall churches">hall churches</a> in general and the second among the largest <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a> churches north of the Alps (after St. Mary's Church in Gdańsk).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with a law passed in 2004, no buildings within Munich city limits may be built taller than the Frauenkirche towers.<sup id="cite_ref-munich_site_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munich_site-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interior">Interior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Frauenkirche,_Munich" title="Special:EditPage/Frauenkirche, Munich">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frauenkirche_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frauenkirche_interior.jpg/120px-Frauenkirche_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frauenkirche_interior.jpg/180px-Frauenkirche_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Frauenkirche_interior.jpg/240px-Frauenkirche_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Munich Frauenkirche interior. When entering the church only one <a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">window</a> is visible.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> is held regularly in the cathedral, which still serves as a parish church. </p><p>It is among the largest <a href="/wiki/Hall_church" title="Hall church">hall churches</a> in southern Germany. The hall is divided into 3 sectors (the main nave and two side aisles of equal height (31 metres (102 ft)) by a double row of 22 pillars (11 at either side, 22 metres (72 ft)) that help enclose the space. These are voluminous, but appear quite slim because of their impressive height and the building's height-to-width ratio. The arches were designed by Heinrich von Straubing. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg/170px-Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg/255px-Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg/340px-Peter_Candid_-_Assumption_of_Mary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption><i>Assumption of Mary</i>, altarpiece by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Candid" title="Peter Candid">Peter Candid</a>, 1620</figcaption></figure> <p>From the main portal the view seems to be only the rows of columns with no windows and translucent "walls" between the vaults through which the light seems to shine. The spatial effect of the church is connected with a legend about a footprint in a square tile at the entrance to the nave, the so-called "devil's footstep". </p><p>A rich collection of 14th to 18th century artwork of notable artists like <a href="/wiki/Peter_Candid" title="Peter Candid">Peter Candid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Grasser" title="Erasmus Grasser">Erasmus Grasser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Polack" title="Jan Polack">Jan Polack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Leinberger" title="Hans Leinberger">Hans Leinberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krumpper" title="Hans Krumpper">Hans Krumpper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_G%C3%BCnther" title="Ignaz Günther">Ignaz Günther</a> decorates the interior of the cathedral again since the last restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gothic nave, several of the Gothic stained-glass windows, some of them made for the previous church, and the tomb monument of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a> are major attractions. For the daily choral prayers Erasmus Grasser created in 1495–1502 the choir stalls with busts of apostles and prophets and small statues which survived the alterations of the Baroque period and the Gothic Revival, but burned in World War II, only the figures had been relocated and preserved. Therefore, the Frauenkirche still has the largest surviving ensemble of characters from the Late Gothic in Germany. The optical end of the sanctuary is formed by a column on which stands the St. Mary statue by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Anton_Boos" title="Roman Anton Boos">Roman Anton Boos</a>, which he executed in 1780 for the <a href="/wiki/Sounding_board" title="Sounding board">sounding board</a> of the former pulpit. The former high altar painting completed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Candid" title="Peter Candid">Peter Candid</a> in 1620 has been moved to the north wall entrance of the sacristy and depicts the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption of Mary</a> into heaven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teufelstritt,_or_Devil's_Footstep_and_perpetual_wind"><span id="Teufelstritt.2C_or_Devil.27s_Footstep_and_perpetual_wind"></span><i>Teufelstritt</i>, or Devil's Footstep and perpetual wind</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Teufelstritt, or Devil's Footstep and perpetual wind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg/121px-Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg/182px-Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg/242px-Teufelsschritt_Frauenkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Devil's Footstep</figcaption></figure> <p>Much of the interior was destroyed during World War II. An attraction that survived is the <i>Teufelstritt</i>, or Devil's Footstep, at the entrance. This is a black mark resembling a footprint, which according to legend was where the <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">devil</a> stood when he curiously regarded and ridiculed the 'windowless' church that Halsbach had built. (In baroque times the high altar obscured the one window at the very end of the church, that visitors can see now when standing in the entrance hall.) </p><p>In another version of the legend, the devil made a deal with the builder to finance construction of the church on the condition that it contain no windows. The clever builder, however, tricked the devil by positioning columns so that the windows were not visible from the spot where the devil stood in the foyer. When the devil discovered that he had been tricked, he could not enter the already consecrated church. The devil could only stand in the foyer and stomp his foot furiously, which left the dark footprint that remains visible in the church's entrance today. </p><p>Legend also says the devil then rushed outside and manifested his evil spirit in the wind that furiously rages around the church.<sup id="cite_ref-destination_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-destination-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another version of that part of the legend has it that the devil came riding on the wind to see the church under construction. Having completely lost his temper, he stormed away, forgetting the wind, which will continue to blow around the church until the day the devil comes back to reclaim it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burials">Burials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Burials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The crypt contains the tombs of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich">Archbishops of Munich and Freising</a> and among others of these members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach dynasty</a>: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg/220px-Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg/330px-Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg/440px-Kaiserkenotaph3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">Cenotaph</a> of Emperor Louis IV by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krumpper" title="Hans Krumpper">Hans Krumpper</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, (reg. 1294–1347)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis V, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Louis V</a>, (reg. 1347–1361)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Stephen II</a>, (reg. 1347–1375)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John II, Duke of Bavaria">Duke John II</a>, (reg. 1375–1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Ernest, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Ernest</a>, (reg. 1397–1438)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William III, Duke of Bavaria">Duke William III</a>, (reg. 1397–1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Adolf, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Adolf</a>, (reg. 1435–1441)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Sigismund</a>, (reg. 1460–1467)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Albert IV</a>, (reg. 1467–1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William IV, Duke of Bavaria">Duke William IV</a>, (reg. 1508–1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert V, Duke of Bavaria">Duke Albert V</a>, (reg. 1550–1579)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_III_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig III of Bavaria">King Ludwig III</a>, (reg. 1912–1918)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organs">Organs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current organs were built in 1993–1994 by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Jann" title="Georg Jann">Georg Jann</a>. The Great Organ (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the west gallery has 95 stops (140 ranks, 7,165 pipes), which can be played from two four-manual general consoles (a tracker console behind the Rückpositiv division, and a second movable electric console on the lower choir gallery). The Choir Organ (1993)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located on a gallery in the right nave, near the altar stairs. It has 36 stops (53 ranks) and can be played from a three-manual tracker console, as well as from the two main consoles on the west gallery. Both organs together contain 131 stops (193 ranks, 9,833 pipes) and are the largest organ ensemble in Munich.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organists">Organists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Organists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abraham Wißreiter, from 1576 to 1618<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hans Lebenhauser, from 1618 to 1634</li> <li>Anton Reidax, from 1634 to 1676</li> <li>Johann Kherner, from 1676 to 1699</li> <li>Johann Prunner, from 1699 to 1713</li> <li>Max Weißenböck, from 1713 to 1728</li> <li>Joseph Mamertus Falter, from 1728 to 1784</li> <li>Franz Anton Stadler, from 1792 to 1846</li> <li>Cajetan Stadler, from 1846 to 1899</li> <li>Karl Ludwig Ziegler, from 1899 to 1901</li> <li>Joseph Schmid, from 1901 to 1944</li> <li>Heinrich Wismeyer, from 1945 to 1969</li> <li>Franz Lehrndorfer, from 1959 to 2002</li> <li>Willibald Guggenmos, from 2001 to 2004 (Assistant Organist)</li> <li>Michael Hartmann, from 2002 to 2003 (Interim Organist)</li> <li>Msgr. Hans Leitner, from 2003 to 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Welzel" title="Martin Welzel">Martin Welzel</a>, from 2013 to 2022 (Assistant Organist 2013–2021; Associate Organist 2021–2022)</li> <li>Ruben Sturm, since September 1, 2022</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bells">Bells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both towers contain ten <a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">bells</a> cast in the 14th, 15th, 17th and 21st centuries. Their combination is unique and incomparable in Europe. The heaviest bell called <i>Susanna</i> or <i>Salveglocke</i> is one of the biggest bells in Bavaria. It was cast in 1490 by Hans Ernst by order of <a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria">Albrecht IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.<br /> </th> <th>Audio<br /> </th> <th>Name<br /> </th> <th>Cast in, by, at<br /> </th> <th>Diameter<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(mm)</span></th> <th bgcolor="#dddddd">Mass<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(kg)</span></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Musical_note" title="Musical note">Note</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">Semitone</a>-<sup>1</sup>/<sub>16</sub>)</span></th> <th>Tower<br />  </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">1</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="587" data-mwtitle="141225_MF_Susanna_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/141225_MF_Susanna_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/141225_MF_Susanna_solo.ogg/141225_MF_Susanna_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Susanna (<a href="/wiki/Salve_Regina" title="Salve Regina">Salveglocke</a>)</td> <td align="left">1490, Hanns Ernst, Regensburg</td> <td align="right">2.060</td> <td align="right">≈8.000</td> <td><b>a<sup>0</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+3</td> <td align="center">North </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="325" data-mwtitle="141229_MF_Frauenglocke_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/141229_MF_Frauenglocke_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/141229_MF_Frauenglocke_solo.ogg/141229_MF_Frauenglocke_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Frauenglocke</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2">1617, Bartholomaeus Wengle,<br />München</td> <td align="right">1.665</td> <td align="right">≈3.000</td> <td><b>c<sup>1</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+6</td> <td align="center">North </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="252" data-mwtitle="141229_MF_Bennoglocke_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/141229_MF_Bennoglocke_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/141229_MF_Bennoglocke_solo.ogg/141229_MF_Bennoglocke_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Bennoglocke</td> <td align="right">1.475</td> <td align="right">≈2.100</td> <td><b>d<sup>1</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+7</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="184" data-mwtitle="150103_MF_Winklerin_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/150103_MF_Winklerin_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/150103_MF_Winklerin_solo.ogg/150103_MF_Winklerin_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Winklerin</td> <td align="left">1451, Meister Paulus, München</td> <td align="right">1.420</td> <td align="right">≈2.000</td> <td><b>e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sup>1</sup></b> +15</td> <td align="center">North </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="127" data-mwtitle="150101_MF_Präsenzglocke_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/150101_MF_Pr%C3%A4senzglocke_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/150101_MF_Pr%C3%A4senzglocke_solo.ogg/150101_MF_Pr%C3%A4senzglocke_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Praesenzglocke</td> <td align="left">1492, Ulrich von Rosen, München</td> <td align="right">1.320</td> <td align="right">≈1.600</td> <td><b>e<sup>1</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+9</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">6</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="131" data-mwtitle="150207_MF_Cantabona_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/150207_MF_Cantabona_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/150207_MF_Cantabona_solo.ogg/150207_MF_Cantabona_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Cantabona</td> <td align="left">2003, Rudolf Perner, Passau</td> <td align="right">1.080</td> <td align="right">870</td> <td><b>g<sup>1</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+12</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">7</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="75" data-mwtitle="141229_MF_Frühmessglocke_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/141229_MF_Fr%C3%BChmessglocke_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/141229_MF_Fr%C3%BChmessglocke_solo.ogg/141229_MF_Fr%C3%BChmessglocke_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Frühmessglocke</td> <td align="left">1442, Meister Paulus, München</td> <td align="right">1.050</td> <td align="right">≈800</td> <td><b>a<sup>1</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+10</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">8</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="68" data-mwtitle="141230_MF_Speciosa_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/141230_MF_Speciosa_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/141230_MF_Speciosa_solo.ogg/141230_MF_Speciosa_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Speciosa</td> <td align="left" rowspan="2">2003, Rudolf Perner,<br />Passau</td> <td align="right">890</td> <td align="right">540</td> <td><b>b<sup>1</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+10</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">9</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_8" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="327" data-mwtitle="141225_MF_Michaelsglocke_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/141225_MF_Michaelsglocke_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/141225_MF_Michaelsglocke_solo.ogg/141225_MF_Michaelsglocke_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Michaelsglocke</td> <td align="right">840</td> <td align="right">440</td> <td><b>c<sup>2</sup></b> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>+12</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">10</td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_9" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="156" data-mwtitle="141225_MF_Klingl_solo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/141225_MF_Klingl_solo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/141225_MF_Klingl_solo.ogg/141225_MF_Klingl_solo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td> <td>Klingl (Chorherrenglocke)</td> <td align="left">14th century, anonymous</td> <td align="right">740</td> <td align="right">≈350</td> <td><b>e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sup>2</sup></b> +13</td> <td align="center">South </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the church's north tower, since the mid-1980s, was a radio relay station of the German foreign intelligence service <a href="/wiki/Federal_Intelligence_Service_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Intelligence Service (Germany)">BND</a> and another secret service.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relay station was removed in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden Frauenkirche">Dresden Frauenkirche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Marian_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Marian churches">Roman Catholic Marian churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_early_modern_period_domes" title="History of early modern period domes">History of early modern period domes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://erlebebayern.com/frauenkirche-dom-zu-unserer-lieben-frau/">"Frauenkirche – Dom zu unserer lieben Frau"</a>. 24 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frauenkirche+%E2%80%93+Dom+zu+unserer+lieben+Frau&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ferlebebayern.com%2Ffrauenkirche-dom-zu-unserer-lieben-frau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDürr2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dürr, Alfred (2017-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/stadtplanung-in-muenchen-der-trend-geht-zum-hochhaeuschen-1.3416119">"Hochhäuser in München: Keiner baut über 100 Meter"</a>. <i>Süddeutsche.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Columbia University Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-023-115-822-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-023-115-822-0"><bdi>978-023-115-822-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism+at+the+Barricades%3A+Aesthetics%2C+Politics%2C+Utopia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-023-115-822-0&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHeVMWQLC99MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mytravel-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mytravel_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mytravelmunich.com/frauenkirche.html">"Munich churches:Frauenkirche"</a>. My Travel Munich. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Munich+churches%3AFrauenkirche&rft.pub=My+Travel+Munich&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mytravelmunich.com%2Ffrauenkirche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-munich_site-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-munich_site_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchen.de/sehenswuerdigkeiten/orte/120372.html">"So schön ist Münchens Frauenkirche"</a>. <i>muenchen.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=muenchen.de&rft.atitle=So+sch%C3%B6n+ist+M%C3%BCnchens+Frauenkirche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenchen.de%2Fsehenswuerdigkeiten%2Forte%2F120372.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchner-dom.de/die-kathedrale/rundgang/das-hochaltarbild.html">Das Hochaltarbild</a> in die Munich Frauenkirche <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-destination-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-destination_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.destination-munich.com/frauenkirche.html">"Frauenkirche"</a>. Destination Munich. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frauenkirche&rft.pub=Destination+Munich&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.destination-munich.com%2Ffrauenkirche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jannorgelbau.com/2009/11/opus-199/">Jann Opus 199, München, Liebfrauendom, Hauptorgel (in German)</a>. www.jannorgelbau.com. Retrieved February 1, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jannorgelbau.com/2009/11/opus-197/">Jann Opus 197, München, Liebfrauendom, Chororgel (in German)</a>. www.jannorgelbau.com. Retrieved February 1, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hans-leitner.de/">Website of Hans Leitner, cathedral organist from 2003-2021 (in German)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413154034/http://www.hans-leitner.de/">Archived</a> 2019-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, with detailed information about the organs. Retrieved April 8, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitner, Hans (2008), Die Orgeln der Münchner Frauenkirche und ihre Organisten, in <i>Der Dom Zu Unserer Lieben Frau in München,</i> ed. Peter Pfister. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 69-73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSigrid_Thurm1959" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sigrid Thurm (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0001/bsb00016320/images/index.html?seite=642">"Ernst, Hans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Neue Deutsche Biographie">Neue Deutsche Biographie</a></i> (in German). Vol. 4. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. p. 628</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ernst%2C+Hans&rft.btitle=Neue+Deutsche+Biographie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=628&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Sigrid+Thurm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaten.digitale-sammlungen.de%2F0001%2Fbsb00016320%2Fimages%2Findex.html%3Fseite%3D642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/ppn135912997.html">full text online</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitung2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zeitung, Süddeutsche (2018-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/muenchen-bnd-stationierte-technik-in-den-glockentuermen-der-frauenkirche-1.3910478">"München - BND-Technik im Glockenturm der Frauenkirche"</a>. <i>Süddeutsche.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche.de&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnchen+-+BND-Technik+im+Glockenturm+der+Frauenkirche&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.aulast=Zeitung&rft.aufirst=S%C3%BCddeutsche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fmuenchen%2Fmuenchen-bnd-stationierte-technik-in-den-glockentuermen-der-frauenkirche-1.3910478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrauenkirche%2C+Munich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchner-dom.de">Official Website</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchner-dom.de/die-kathedrale/panorama.html">360° Panorama View</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchner-dommusik.de/">Frauenkirche music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moistraubing.de/index.php/video/muenchen-video/603-frauenkirche-video">Munich Frauenkirche – video</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153511/https://www.danielnoha.de/kirchen-in-muenchen/dom-zu-unserer-lieben-frau/">Munich Frauenkirche Photo Spread</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-011881">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (photos of the church interior)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Visitor_attractions_in_Munich" title="Template:Visitor attractions in Munich"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Visitor_attractions_in_Munich" title="Template talk:Visitor attractions in Munich"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Visitor_attractions_in_Munich" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Visitor attractions in Munich"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Munich252" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tourism in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old Town</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marienplatz" title="Marienplatz">Marienplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsplatz_(Stachus)" title="Karlsplatz (Stachus)">Karlsplatz (Stachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlstor" title="Karlstor">Karlstor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marienplatz#Mary's_Column" title="Marienplatz">St. Mary's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathaus-Glockenspiel" title="Rathaus-Glockenspiel">Rathaus-Glockenspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town_Hall_(Munich)" title="New Town Hall (Munich)">New Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Munich" title="Old Town Hall, Munich">Old Town Hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frauenkirche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Church,_Munich" title="St. Peter's Church, Munich">St. Peter's Church (Der Alte Peter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Munich" title="St. Michael's Church, Munich">St. Michael's Church (Michaelkirche)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church,_Munich" title="St. Paul's Church, Munich">St. Paul's Church (Paulskirche)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktualienmarkt" title="Viktualienmarkt">Viktualienmarkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Hunting_and_Fishing_Museum" title="German Hunting and Fishing Museum">German Hunting and Fishing Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Stadtmuseum" title="Munich Stadtmuseum">Munich Stadtmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_Munich" title="Jewish Museum Munich">Jewish Museum Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staatliches_Hofbr%C3%A4uhaus_in_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München">Royal Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justizpalast_(Munich)" title="Justizpalast (Munich)">Justizpalast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Royal Munich</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter_Hof" title="Alter Hof">Alter Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Residenz" title="Munich Residenz">Munich Residenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofgarten_(Munich)" title="Hofgarten (Munich)">Court Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Residenz#The_Treasury" title="Munich Residenz">Treasure Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvilli%C3%A9s_Theatre" title="Cuvilliés Theatre">Cuvilliés Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeonsplatz" title="Odeonsplatz">Odeonsplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatine_Church,_Munich" title="Theatine Church, Munich">Theatine Church, Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldherrnhalle" title="Feldherrnhalle">Field Marshall's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera" title="Bavarian State Opera">Bavarian State Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigstrasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwigstrasse">Ludwigstrasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)" title="Maximilianstraße (Munich)">Maximilianstrasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isar Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isar" title="Isar">Isar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isartor" title="Isartor">Isartor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Museum" title="Deutsches Museum">Deutsches Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCllersche_Volksbad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müllersche Volksbad (page does not exist)">Müllersche Volksbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasteig" title="Gasteig">Gasteig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North of Munich</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympiapark_(Munich)" title="Olympiapark (Munich)">Olympiapark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiaturm" title="Olympiaturm">Olympiaturm (Olympic Tower)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEA_LIFE_Munich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEA LIFE Munich (page does not exist)">SEA LIFE Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Welt" title="BMW Welt">BMW Welt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_Museum" title="BMW Museum">BMW Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allianz_Arena" title="Allianz Arena">Allianz Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockmuseum_Munich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rockmuseum Munich (page does not exist)">Rockmuseum Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kunstareal<br />(Art district)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alte_Pinakothek" title="Alte Pinakothek">Alte Pinakothek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Pinakothek" title="Neue Pinakothek">Neue Pinakothek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinakothek_der_Moderne" title="Pinakothek der Moderne">Pinakothek der Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Brandhorst" title="Museum Brandhorst">Museum Brandhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Sammlung_f%C3%BCr_%C3%84gyptische_Kunst" title="Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst">Egyptian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsplatz,_Munich" title="Königsplatz, Munich">Königsplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenbachhaus" title="Lenbachhaus">Lenbachhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staatliche_Antikensammlungen" title="Staatliche Antikensammlungen">State Collections of Antiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyptothek" title="Glyptothek">Glyptothek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Documentation_Centre_for_the_History_of_National_Socialism" title="Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism">Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Reich_der_Kristalle" title="Museum Reich der Kristalle">Museum Reich der Kristalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeontological_Museum,_Munich" title="Palaeontological Museum, Munich">Palaeontological Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Munich</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria_Film" title="Bavaria Film">Bavaria Filmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellabrunn_Zoo" title="Hellabrunn Zoo">Hellabrunn Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lehel and <br />English Garden Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Englischer_Garten" title="Englischer Garten">Englischer Garten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englischer_Garten#Kleinhesseloher_See" title="Englischer Garten">Kleinhesseloher lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tower" title="Chinese Tower">Chinese Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haus_der_Kunst" title="Haus der Kunst">Haus der Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_National_Museum" title="Bavarian National Museum">Bavarian National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisbach_(Isar)" title="Eisbach (Isar)">Eisbach surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Archaeological_Collection" title="Bavarian State Archaeological Collection">Bavarian State Archaeological Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schackgalerie" title="Schackgalerie">Schackgalerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Five_Continents" title="Museum Five Continents">Five Continents Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_Museum,_Munich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine Museum, Munich (page does not exist)">Alpine Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nymphenburg Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palace" title="Nymphenburg Palace">Nymphenburg Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Man_and_Nature" title="Museum of Man and Nature">Museum of Man and Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_Munich-Nymphenburg" title="Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg">Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaufingerstra%C3%9Fe" title="Kaufingerstraße">Kaufingerstraße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuhauser_Stra%C3%9Fe" title="Neuhauser Straße">Neuhauser Straße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendlinger_Tor" title="Sendlinger Tor">Sendlingerstrasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCnf_H%C3%B6fe" title="Fünf Höfe">Fünf Höfe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sch%C3%A4fflerhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schäfflerhof (page does not exist)">Schäfflerhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hofstatt" title="Hofstatt">Hofstatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_(Munich)" title="Maximilianstraße (Munich)">Maximilianstrasse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brienner_Quartier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brienner Quartier (page does not exist)">Brienner Quartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugendubel" title="Hugendubel">Hugendubel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical Theater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera" title="Bavarian State Opera">Bavarian State Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Theater_(Munich)" title="Deutsches Theater (Munich)">Deutsches Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staatstheater_am_G%C3%A4rtnerplatz" title="Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz">Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A4rtnerplatz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gärtnerplatz (page does not exist)">Gärtnerplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marienplatz" title="Marienplatz">Marienplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsplatz_(Stachus)" title="Karlsplatz (Stachus)">Karlsplatz (Stachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsplatz,_Munich" title="Königsplatz, Munich">Königsplatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeonsplatz" title="Odeonsplatz">Odeonsplatz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichenbachbr%C3%BCcke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichenbachbrücke (page does not exist)">Reichenbachbrücke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Munich" title="Architecture of Munich">Architecture of Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Munich" title="Outline of Munich">Outline of Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167193#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1609" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167193#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1609" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167193#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237279069">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/516318/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4104564-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50064494">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13615134m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13615134m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Frauenkirche (Mnichov, Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20201092023&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/19628">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007590149405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/d6481bad-d3ae-4886-b16c-3ffa9e6b644c">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.bildindex.de/thing/0001330949">Bildindex</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&oldid=1264947639">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frauenkirche,_Munich&oldid=1264947639</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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