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additives</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: feed additives"> <meta name="keywords" content="feed additives"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="feed additives"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1526</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: feed additives</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1466</span> The Effect of Rosella Flower Flour (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Utilization in Ration on Performance of Broiler Chicken</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurlisa%20Uke%20Dessy">Nurlisa Uke Dessy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Septian%20Erwinsyah"> Dwi Septian Erwinsyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuprizal"> Zuprizal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of rosella flower flour in diet on broiler chicken Performace. The materials used in this experiment were 72 broiler chickens and were divided into six treatments, those were R0 = without rosella flower flour addition, R1 = 0.5% rosella flower flour addition, R2 = 1.0% rosella flower flour addition, R3 = 1.5% rosella flower flour addition, R4 = 2.0% rosella flower flour addition, and R5 = 2.5% rosella flower flour addition. Each treatment consisted of three replications and each replication consisted of four broiler chickens. This research took 35 days to collect the data. Parameters measured were feed intake, rosella flower flour consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion and mortality. The collected data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the differences of mean were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed the average of feed consumption were 2154; 2154; 2034; 2154; 2034 and 2154 g/bird on broiler chicken that were feed respectively by 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; and 2.5% rosella flower flour level. The average consumptions of rosella flower flour respectively were 0; 10.77; 20.34; 32.31; 40.68; and 53.85 g/bird. The body weight gains were 1263.33±70.40; 1422.42±36.33; 1443.75±30.00; 1387.42± 35.30; 1411.17±29.58 and 1457.08±40.75 g/bird. Feed conversion results were 1.71±0.94; 1.51±0.37; 1.47±0.62; 1.55±0.40; 1.53±0.30 and 1.48±0.40. The conclusion of the experiment was known that using rosella flower flour until 2.5% level in diet was able to increase broiler chicken performance, and also to decrease broiler chicken feed conversion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20intake" title="feed intake">feed intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumptions%20rosella%20flower%20flour" title=" consumptions rosella flower flour"> consumptions rosella flower flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20chickens" title=" broiler chickens"> broiler chickens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20weight%20gain" title=" body weight gain"> body weight gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20conversion" title=" feed conversion"> feed conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22171/the-effect-of-rosella-flower-flour-hibiscus-sabdariffa-l-utilization-in-ration-on-performance-of-broiler-chicken" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">634</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1465</span> The Inclusion of the Cabbage Waste in Buffalo Ration Made of Sugarcane Waste and Its Effect on Characteristics of the Silage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrizal">Adrizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irsan%20Ryanto"> Irsan Ryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Juwita"> Sri Juwita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adika%20Sugara"> Adika Sugara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tino%20Bapirco"> Tino Bapirco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the research was to study the influence of the inclusion of the cabbage waste into a buffalo rations made of sugarcane waste on the feed formula and characteristic of complete feed silage. Research carried out a two-stage i.e. the feed formulation and experiment of making complete feed silage. Feed formulation is done by linear programming. Data input is the price of feed stuffs and their nutrient contents as well as requirements for rations, while the output is the use of each feed stuff and the price of complete feed. The experiment of complete feed silage was done by a completely random design 4 x 4. The treatments were 4 inclusion levels of the cabbage waste i.e. 0%,(T1) 5%(T2), 10%(T3) and 15% (T4), with 4 replications. The result of feed formulation for T1 was cabbage (0%), sugarcane top (17.9%), bagasse (33.3%), Molasses (5.0%), cabagge (0%), Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (2.7%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (9.1%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt (0.5%). The formula of T2 was cabagge (5%), sugarcane top (1.7%), bagasse (45.2%), Molasses (5.0%), , Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (3.6%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (7.5%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt (0.5%). The formula of T3 was cabbage (10%), sugarcane top (0%), bagasse (45.3%), Molasses (5.0%), Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (3.8%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (3.9%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt(0.5%). The formula of T4 was cabagge (15.0%), sugarcane top (0%), bagasse (44.1%), Molasses (5.0%), Thitonia sp (10.0%), rice brand (3.9%), palm kernel cake (20.0%), corn meal (0%), bond meal (1.5%) and salt (0.5%). An increase in the level of inclusion of the cabbage waste can decrease the cost of rations. The cost of rations (IDR/kg on DM basis) were 1442, 1367, 1333, and 1300 respectively. The rations formula were not significantly (P > 0.05) influent the on fungal colonies, smell, texture and color of the complete ration silage, but the pH increased significantly (P < 0.05). It concluded that inclusion of cabbage waste can minimize the cost of buffalo ration, without decreasing the silage quality of complete feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffalo" title="buffalo">buffalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cabbage" title=" cabbage"> cabbage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complete%20feed" title=" complete feed"> complete feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sillage%20characteristic" title=" sillage characteristic"> sillage characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane%20waste" title=" sugarcane waste"> sugarcane waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63392/the-inclusion-of-the-cabbage-waste-in-buffalo-ration-made-of-sugarcane-waste-and-its-effect-on-characteristics-of-the-silage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1464</span> Bread Quality Improvement with Special Novel Additives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%B3nika%20Bartaln%C3%A9-Berceli">Mónika Bartalné-Berceli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eszter%20Izs%C3%B3"> Eszter Izsó</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szilveszter%20Gergely"> Szilveszter Gergely</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A1s%20Salg%C3%B3"> András Salgó</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays a significant portion of the Earth's population does not have access to healthy food. Either because they can not afford them or because they do not know which they are. The aim of the VIIth Framework CHANCE project (Nr. 266331) supported by the European Union has been to develop relatively cheap food favorable from nutritional point of view and has acceptable quality for consumers. Within the project we dealt with manufacturing of bread belonging to basic foods. We had examined the enrichment of bread products with four kinds of bran, with a special milling product of grain industry (aleurone flour) and with a soy-based sprouted additive. The applied concentration of the six mentioned additives has been optimized and the physical and sensory properties of the bread products were monitored. The weight of the enriched breads increased slightly, however the volume and height decreased slightly compared to the corresponding data of the control bread. The composition of the final product is favorable affected by these additives having highly preferred composition from nutritional point of view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bread%20products" title="bread products">bread products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brans" title=" brans"> brans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YASO" title=" YASO"> YASO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aleurone%20flour" title=" aleurone flour"> aleurone flour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27649/bread-quality-improvement-with-special-novel-additives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1463</span> Comparison between Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling and Conventional Drilling of Bone: An in vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikoo%20Soleimani">Nikoo Soleimani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Reducing torque during bone drilling is one of the effective factors in reaching to an optimal drilling process. Methods: 15 bovine femurs were drilled in vitro with a drill bit with a diameter of 4 mm using two methods of torsional ultrasonic assisted drilling (T-UAD) and convent conventional drilling (CD) and the effects of changing the feed rate and rotational speed on the torque were compared in both methods. Results: There was no significant difference in the thrust force measured in both methods due to the direction of vibrations. Results showed that using T-UAD method for bone drilling at feed rates of 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32 mm/rev led for all rotational speeds to a decrease of at least 16.3% in torque compared to the CD method. Further, using T-UAD at rotational speeds of 355~1000 rpm with various feed rates resulted in a torque reduction of 16.3~50.5% compared to CD method. Conclusions: Reducing the feed rate and increasing the rotational speed, except for the rotational speed of 500 rpm and a feed rate of 0.32 mm/rev, resulted generally in torque reduction in both methods. However, T-UAD is a more effective and desirable option for bone drilling considering its significant torque reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20ultrasonic%20assisted%20drilling" title="torsional ultrasonic assisted drilling">torsional ultrasonic assisted drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque" title=" torque"> torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20drilling" title=" bone drilling"> bone drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20speed" title=" rotational speed"> rotational speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20rate" title=" feed rate"> feed rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99313/comparison-between-torsional-ultrasonic-assisted-drilling-and-conventional-drilling-of-bone-an-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1462</span> Response Development of larvae Portunus pelagicus to Artificial Feeding Predigest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Aslamyah">Siti Aslamyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yushinta%20Fujaya"> Yushinta Fujaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okto%20Rimaldi"> Okto Rimaldi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the problems faced in the crab hatchery operations is the reliance on the use of natural feed. This study aims to analyze the response of larval development and determine the initial stages crab larvae begin to fully able to accept artificial feeding predigest with the help of probiotic Bacillus sp. The experiment was conducted in June 2014 through July 2014 at the location of the scale backyard hatcheries, Bojo village Mallusettasi sub-district, district Barru. This study was conducted in two stages larval rearing. The first stage is designed in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and each with 3 repetitions, ie, without the use of artificial feeding; predigest feed given from zoea 1 - megalopa; predigest feed given since zoea 2 - megalopa; predigest feed given from zoea 3 - megalopa; and feed predigest given since zoea 4 - megalopa. The second stage of the two treatments, i.e. comparing artificial feeding without and with predigest. The results showed that the artificial feeding predigest able to replace the use of natural feed started zoea 3 generated based on the survival rate. Artificial feeding predigest provide a higher survival rate (16%) compared to artificial diets without predigest only 10.8%. However, feed predigest not give a different effect on the rate of development of stadia. Cell activity in larvae that received artificial feed predigest higher with RNA-DNA ratio of 8.88 compared with no predigest only 5:36. This research is very valuable information for crab hatchery hatchery scale households have limitations in preparing natural food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20feeding" title="artificial feeding">artificial feeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20of%20stadia" title=" development of stadia"> development of stadia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larvae%20Portunus%20pelagicus" title=" larvae Portunus pelagicus"> larvae Portunus pelagicus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predigest" title=" predigest "> predigest </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20365/response-development-of-larvae-portunus-pelagicus-to-artificial-feeding-predigest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1461</span> Silage for Dairy Production: A Case Study of Pakistan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor-ul-Ain">Noor-ul-Ain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Thair%20Khan"> Muhammad Thair Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeela%20Ajmal"> Adeela Ajmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mustafa"> Hamid Mustafa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan is an agricultural country and livestock only share 11.8 percent to national GDP during 2015-16. Pakistan is a 3rd largest milk producing country having 41.2, 35.6, 29.4, 68.4 and 1.0 million head cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and camel, respectively. Modern urbanization and shortage of feed resources for livestock species in a country is an alarming threat. The introduction of new technology and advanced techniques solve this issue. This includes drought feeding, increase production, aid to crop management, balance nutrition and easily storaged of wet feed products. It is therefore clear that silage has important role in animal feed and feeding. Financial model of this study clear the effectiveness of silage. Therefore, it is revealed from this study that silage is a cost-effective option for a profitable dairy farming in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed" title="feed">feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silage" title=" silage"> silage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy" title=" dairy"> dairy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan "> Pakistan </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40024/silage-for-dairy-production-a-case-study-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1460</span> Sintering of Composite Ceramic based on Corundum with Additive in the Al2O3-TiO2-MnO System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aung%20Kyaw%20Moe">Aung Kyaw Moe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukin%20Evgeny%20Stepanovich"> Lukin Evgeny Stepanovich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Popova%20Nelya%20Alexandrovna"> Popova Nelya Alexandrovna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of the additive content in the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>-MnO system on the sintering of composite ceramics based on corundum was studied. The samples were pressed by uniaxial semi-dry pressing under 100 MPa and sintered at 1500 °С and 1550 °С. The properties of composite ceramics for porosity and flexural strength were studied. When the amount of additives increases, the properties of composite ceramic samples are better than samples without additives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title="ceramic">ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title=" composite material"> composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintering" title=" sintering"> sintering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corundum" title=" corundum"> corundum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84591/sintering-of-composite-ceramic-based-on-corundum-with-additive-in-the-al2o3-tio2-mno-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1459</span> Margin-Based Feed-Forward Neural Network Classifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Bookman">Xiaohan Bookman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Zhu"> Xiaoyan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Margin-Based Principle has been proposed for a long time, it has been proved that this principle could reduce the structural risk and improve the performance in both theoretical and practical aspects. Meanwhile, feed-forward neural network is a traditional classifier, which is very hot at present with a deeper architecture. However, the training algorithm of feed-forward neural network is developed and generated from Widrow-Hoff Principle that means to minimize the squared error. In this paper, we propose a new training algorithm for feed-forward neural networks based on Margin-Based Principle, which could effectively promote the accuracy and generalization ability of neural network classifiers with less labeled samples and flexible network. We have conducted experiments on four UCI open data sets and achieved good results as expected. In conclusion, our model could handle more sparse labeled and more high-dimension data set in a high accuracy while modification from old ANN method to our method is easy and almost free of work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max-Margin%20Principle" title="Max-Margin Principle">Max-Margin Principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feed-Forward%20Neural%20Network" title=" Feed-Forward Neural Network"> Feed-Forward Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20risk" title=" structural risk"> structural risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178/margin-based-feed-forward-neural-network-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1458</span> Immune Activity of Roman Hens as Influenced by the Feed Formulated with Germinated Paddy Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wirot%20Likittrakulwong">Wirot Likittrakulwong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisit%20Poolprasert"> Pisit Poolprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tossaporn%20Incharoen"> Tossaporn Incharoen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Germinated paddy rice (GPR) has the potential to be used as a feed ingredient. However, their properties have not been fully investigated. This paper examined the nutrient digestibility and the relationship to immune activity in Roman hens fed with GPR. It was found that true and apparent metabolizable energy (ME) values of GPR were 3.20 and 3.28 kcal/g air dry, respectively. GPR exhibited high content of phytonutrients, especially GABA. GPR showed similar protein profiles in comparison to non-germinated paddy rice. For immune activity, the feed with GPR enhanced the immune activity of Roman hens under high stocking density stress as evidenced by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme activity. In this study, GPR is proved to be a good source of functional ingredient for chicken feed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germinated%20paddy%20rice" title="germinated paddy rice">germinated paddy rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20digestibility" title=" nutrient digestibility"> nutrient digestibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20activity" title=" immune activity"> immune activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20property" title=" functional property"> functional property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110310/immune-activity-of-roman-hens-as-influenced-by-the-feed-formulated-with-germinated-paddy-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1457</span> Impact of Two Herbal Seeds Supplementation on Growth Performance and Some Biochemical Blood and Tissue Parameters of Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamada%20A.%20Ahmed">Hamada A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadry%20M.%20Sadek"> Kadry M. Sadek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20E.%20Taha"> Ayman E. Taha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of basil and/or chamomile seed supplementation on the growth of Hubbard broiler chicks were evaluated. The antioxidant effects of these supplements were also assessed. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group (group 1) was fed a basal diet (BD) without supplementation. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed the BD supplemented with 10g basil, 10g chamomile, and 5g basil plus 5g chamomile per kg of food, respectively. Basil supplementation alone or in combination with chamomile non-significantly (P≥0.05) increased final body weight (3.2% and 0.3%, respectively) and weight gain (3.5% and 3.6%, respectively) over the experimental period. Chamomile supplementation alone non-significantly (P≥0.05) reduced final body weight and weight gain over the experimental period by 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively. In comparison to the control group, herbal seed supplementation reduced feed intake and improved the feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios. In general, basil seed supplementation stimulated chicken growth and improved the feed efficiency more effectively than chamomile seed supplementation. The antioxidant activities of basil and/or chamomile supplementation were examined in the thymus, bursa, and spleen. In chickens that received supplements, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased, whereas the activities of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased (P<0.05). Supplementation of basil and/or chamomile did not affect blood protein levels, but had lipid-lowering effects as evidenced by reduced serum levels of total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. In conclusion, supplementation of basil and/or chamomile improved growth parameters in broiler chicks and had antioxidant and blood lipid-lowering effects. These beneficial effects of basil and/or chamomile supplementation resulted in economically viable production of high-quality white meat containing no harmful residues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20additives" title="herbal additives">herbal additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basil" title=" basil"> basil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chamomile" title=" chamomile"> chamomile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title=" broiler"> broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19577/impact-of-two-herbal-seeds-supplementation-on-growth-performance-and-some-biochemical-blood-and-tissue-parameters-of-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">543</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1456</span> Microwave Plasma Dry Reforming of Methane at High CO2/CH4 Feed Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Majd%20Alawi">Nabil Majd Alawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gia%20Hung%20Pham"> Gia Hung Pham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Barifcani"> Ahmed Barifcani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dry reforming of methane that converts two greenhouses gases (CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>) to synthesis gas (a mixture of H<sub>2</sub> and CO) was studied in a commercial bench scale microwave (MW) plasma reactor system at atmospheric pressure. The CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> conversions; H<sub>2</sub>, CO selectivities and yields, and syngas ratio (H<sub>2</sub>/CO) were investigated in a wide range of total feed flow rate (0.45 – 2.1 L/min), MW power (700 – 1200 watt) and CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> molar ratio (2 – 5). At the feed flow rates of CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> of 0.2, 0.4 and 1.5 L/min respectively, and the MWs input power of 700 W, the highest conversions of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, selectivity and yield of H<sub>2</sub>, CO and H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of 79.35%, 44.82%, 50.12, 58.42, 39.77%, 32.89%, and 0.86, respectively, were achieved. The results of this work show that the product ratio increases slightly with the increasing total feed flow rate, but it decreases significantly with the increasing MW power and feeds CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> ratio. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20reforming%20of%20methane" title="dry reforming of methane">dry reforming of methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20discharge" title=" microwave discharge"> microwave discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20technology" title=" plasma technology"> plasma technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis%20gas%20production" title=" synthesis gas production"> synthesis gas production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95887/microwave-plasma-dry-reforming-of-methane-at-high-co2ch4-feed-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1455</span> Effect of Temperature and Feed Solution on Microencapsulation of Quercetin by Spray Drying Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Lekhavat">S. Lekhavat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Srimongkoluk"> U. Srimongkoluk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ratanachamnong"> P. Ratanachamnong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Laungsopapun"> G. Laungsopapun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quercetin was encapsulated with whey protein and high methoxyl pectin by spray drying technique. Feed solution, consisting of 0.1875 0.125 and 0.0625 % w/w quercetin, respectively, was prepared and then sprays at outlet temperature of 70, 80 and 90 °C. Quercetin contents either in feed solution or in spray dried powder were determined by HPLC technique. Physicochemical properties such as viscosity and total soluble solid of feed solution as well as moisture content and water activity of spray dried powder were examined. Particle morphology was imaged using scanning electron microscope. The results showed that feed solution has total soluble solid and viscosity in range of 1.73-5.60 ºBrix and 2.58-8.15 cP, in that order. After spray drying, the moisture content and water activity value of powder are in range of 0.58-2.72 % and 0.18-0.31, respectively. Quercetin content in dried sample increased along with outlet drying temperature but decreased when total soluble solid increased. It was shown that particles are likely to shrivel when spray drying at high temperature. The suggested conditions for encapsulation of quercetin are feed solution with 0.0625 % (w/w) quercetin and spray drying at drying outlet temperature of 90°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying%20temperature" title="drying temperature">drying temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20morphology" title=" particle morphology"> particle morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spray%20drying" title=" spray drying"> spray drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53309/effect-of-temperature-and-feed-solution-on-microencapsulation-of-quercetin-by-spray-drying-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1454</span> Systematic and Simple Guidance for Feed Forward Design in Model Predictive Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shukri%20Dughman">Shukri Dughman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Rossiter"> Anthony Rossiter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper builds on earlier work which demonstrated that Model Predictive Control (MPC) may give a poor choice of default feed forward compensator. By first demonstrating the impact of future information of target changes on the performance, this paper proposes a pragmatic method for identifying the amount of future information on the target that can be utilised effectively in both finite and infinite horizon algorithms. Numerical illustrations in MATLAB give evidence of the efficacy of the proposal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title="model predictive control">model predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20control" title=" tracking control"> tracking control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advance%20knowledge" title=" advance knowledge"> advance knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20forward" title=" feed forward"> feed forward</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36567/systematic-and-simple-guidance-for-feed-forward-design-in-model-predictive-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1453</span> Fermented Fruit and Vegetable Discard as a Source of Feeding Ingredients and Functional Additives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jone%20Ibarruri">Jone Ibarruri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikel%20Manso"> Mikel Manso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marta%20Cebri%C3%A1n"> Marta Cebrián</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high amount of food is lost or discarded in the World every year. In addition, in the last decades, an increasing demand of new alternative and sustainable sources of proteins and other valuable compounds is being observed in the food and feeding sectors and, therefore, the use of food by-products as nutrients for these purposes sounds very interesting from the environmental and economical point of view. However, the direct use of discarded fruit and vegetables that present, in general, a low protein content is not interesting as feeding ingredient except if they are used as a source of fiber for ruminants. Especially in the case of aquaculture, several alternatives to the use of fish meal and other vegetable protein sources have been extensively explored due to the scarcity of fish stocks and the unsustainability of fishing for these purposes. Fish mortality is also of great concern in this sector as this problem highly reduces their economic feasibility. So, the development of new functional and natural ingredients that could reduce the need for vaccination is also of great interest. In this work, several fermentation tests were developed at lab scale using a selected mixture of fruit and vegetable discards from a wholesale market located in the Basque Country to increase their protein content and also to produce some bioactive extracts that could be used as additives in aquaculture. Fruit and vegetable mixtures (60/40 ww) were centrifugated for humidity reduction and crushed to 2-5 mm particle size. Samples were inoculated with a selected Rhizopus oryzae strain and fermented for 7 days in controlled conditions (humidity between 65 and 75% and 28ºC) in Petri plates (120 mm) by triplicate. Obtained results indicated that the final fermented product presented a twofold protein content (from 13 to 28% d.w). Fermented product was further processed to determine their possible functionality as a feed additive. Extraction tests were carried out to obtain an ethanolic extract (60:40 ethanol: water, v.v) and remaining biomass that also could present applications in food or feed sectors. The extract presented a polyphenol content of about 27 mg GAE/gr d.w with antioxidant activity of 8.4 mg TEAC/g d.w. Remining biomass is mainly composed of fiber (51%), protein (24%) and fat (10%). Extracts also presented antibacterial activity according to the results obtained in Agar Diffusion and to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests determined against several food and fish pathogen strains. In vitro, digestibility was also assessed to obtain preliminary information about the expected effect of extraction procedure on fermented product digestibility. First results indicated that remaining biomass after extraction doesn´t seem to improve digestibility in comparison to the initial fermented product. These preliminary results show that fermented fruit and vegetables can be a useful source of functional ingredients for aquaculture applications and a substitute of other protein sources in the feeding sector. Further validation will be also carried out through “in vivo” tests with trout and bass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20solid%20state%20fermentation" title="fungal solid state fermentation">fungal solid state fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20increase" title=" protein increase"> protein increase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20extracts" title=" functional extracts"> functional extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20ingredients" title=" feed ingredients"> feed ingredients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168873/fermented-fruit-and-vegetable-discard-as-a-source-of-feeding-ingredients-and-functional-additives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1452</span> Dry Binder Mixing of Field Trial Investigation Using Soil Mix Technology: Case Study on Contaminated Site Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Allagoa">Mary Allagoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Al-Tabbaa"> Abir Al-Tabbaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study explores the use of binders and additives, such as Portland cement, pulverized fuel ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and MgO, to decrease the concentration and leachability of pollutants in contaminated site soils. The research investigates their effectiveness and associated risks of using the binders, with a focus on Total Heavy metals (THM) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). The goal of this research is to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of binders and additives in remediating soil pollutants. The study aims to assess the suitability of the mixtures for ground improvement purposes, determine the optimal dosage, and investigate the associated risks. The research utilizes physical (unconfined compressive strength) and chemical tests (batch leachability test) to assess the efficacy of the binders and additives. A completely randomized design one-way ANOVA is used to determine the significance within mix binders of THM. The study also employs incremental lifetime cancer risk assessments (ILCR) and other indexes to evaluate the associated risks. The study finds that Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS): MgO is the most effective binder for remediation, particularly when using low dosages of MgO combined with higher dosages of GGBS binders on TPH. The results indicate that binders and additives can encapsulate and immobilize pollutants, thereby reducing their leachability and toxicity. The mean unconfined compressive strength of the soil ranges from 285.0- 320.5 kPa, while THM levels are less than 10 µg/l in GGBS: MgO and CEM: PFA but below 1 µg/l in CEM I based. The ILCR ranged from 6.77E-02 - 2.65E-01 and 5.444E-01 – 3.20 E+00, with the highest values observed under extreme conditions. The hazard index (HI), Risk allowable daily dose intake (ADI), and Risk chronic daily intake (CDI) were all less than 1 for the THM. The study identifies MgO as the best additive for use in soil remediation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20ADI" title="risk ADI">risk ADI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20CDI" title=" risk CDI"> risk CDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ILCR" title=" ILCR"> ILCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel%20binders" title=" novel binders"> novel binders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additives%20binders" title=" additives binders"> additives binders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20index" title=" hazard index"> hazard index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166678/dry-binder-mixing-of-field-trial-investigation-using-soil-mix-technology-case-study-on-contaminated-site-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">813</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1451</span> The Effect of Main Factors on Forces during FSJ Processing of AA2024 Aluminum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dunwen%20Zuo">Dunwen Zuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongfang%20Deng"> Yongfang Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Song"> Bo Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt is made here to measure the forces of three directions, under conditions of different feed speeds, different tilt angles of tool and without or with the pin on the tool, by using octagonal ring dynamometer in the AA2024 aluminum FSJ (Friction Stir Joining) process, and investigate how four main factors influence forces in the FSJ process. It is found that, high feed speed lead to small feed force and small lateral force, but high feed speed leads to large feed force in the stable joining stage of process. As the rotational speed increasing, the time of axial force drop from the maximum to the minimum required increased in the push-up process. In the stable joining stage, the rotational speed has little effect on the feed force; large rotational speed leads to small lateral force and axial force. The maximum axial force increases as the tilt angle of tool increases at the downward movement stage. At the moment of start feeding, as tilt angle of tool increases, the amplitudes of the axial force increasing become large. In the stable joining stage, with the increase of tilt angle of tool, the axial force is increased, the lateral force is decreased, and the feed force almost unchanged. The tool with pin will decrease axial force in the downward movement stage. The feed force and lateral force will increase, but the axial force will reduced in the stable joining stage by using the tool with pin compare to by using the tool without pin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FSJ" title="FSJ">FSJ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20factor" title=" force factor"> force factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AA2024%20aluminum" title=" AA2024 aluminum"> AA2024 aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20joining" title=" friction stir joining"> friction stir joining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22273/the-effect-of-main-factors-on-forces-during-fsj-processing-of-aa2024-aluminum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1450</span> Influence of Chelators, Zn Sulphate and Silicic Acid on Productivity and Meat Quality of Fattening Pigs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Raceviciute-Stupeliene">A. Raceviciute-Stupeliene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sasyte"> V. Sasyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Viliene"> V. Viliene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Slausgalvis"> V. Slausgalvis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Al-Saifi"> J. Al-Saifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gruzauskas"> R. Gruzauskas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of special additives such as chelators, zinc sulphate and silicic acid on productivity parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality of fattening pigs. The test started with 40 days old fattening pigs (mongrel (mother) and Yorkshire (father)) and lasted up to 156 days of age. During the fattening period, 32 pigs were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental) with 4 replicates (total of 8 pens).  The pigs were fed for 16 weeks’ <em>ad libitum</em> with a standard wheat-barley-soybean meal compound (Control group) supplemented with chelators, zinc sulphate and silicic acid (dosage 2 kg/t of feed, Experimental group). Meat traits in live pigs were measured by ultrasonic equipment Piglog 105. The results obtained throughout the experimental period suggest that supplementation of chelators, zinc sulphate and silicic acid tend to positively affect average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of pigs for fattening (p < 0.05). Pigs’ evaluation with Piglog 105 showed that thickness of fat in the first and second point was by 4% and 3% respectively higher in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Carcass weight, yield, and length, also thickness of fat showed no significant difference among the groups. The water holding capacity of meat in Experimental group was lower by 5.28%, and tenderness – lower by 12% compared with that of the pigs in the Control group (p < 0.05). Regarding pigs’ meat chemical composition of the experimental group, a statistically significant difference comparing with the data of the control group was not determined. Cholesterol concentration in muscles of pigs fed diets supplemented with chelators, zinc sulphate and silicic acid was lower by 7.93 mg/100 g of muscle in comparison to that of the control group. These results suggest that supplementation of chelators, zinc sulphate and silicic acid in the feed for fattening pigs had significant effect on pigs growing performance and meat quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicic%20acid" title="silicic acid">silicic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chelators" title=" chelators"> chelators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20quality" title=" meat quality"> meat quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigs" title=" pigs"> pigs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20sulphate" title=" zinc sulphate"> zinc sulphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58615/influence-of-chelators-zn-sulphate-and-silicic-acid-on-productivity-and-meat-quality-of-fattening-pigs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1449</span> Evolution of Germany’s Feed-in Tariff Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaafar%20Muhammed">Gaafar Muhammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20T.%20Ersoy"> N. T. Ersoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of electricity in the economic development of any country is undeniable. The main goal of utilizing renewable sources in electricity generation, especially in the emerging countries, is to improve electricity access, economic development and energy sustainability. Germany’s recent transition from conventional to renewable energy technologies is overwhelming, this might not be associated with its abundant natural resources but owing to the policies in place. In line with the fast economic and technological developments recorded in recent years, Germany currently produces approximately 1059 GW of its energy from renewable sources. Hence, at the end of 2016, Germany is among the world leaders in terms of installed renewable energy capacity. As one of the most important factors that lead to renewable energy utilization in any nation is an effective policy, this study aims at examining the effect of policies on renewable energy (RE) development in Germany. Also, the study will focus on the evolution of the adopted feed-in tariff policies, as this evolution has affected the renewable energy capacity in Germany over a period of 15 years (2000 to 2015). The main contribution of the study is to establish a link between the feed-in tariff and the increase of RE in Germany’s energy mix. This is done by analyzing the characteristics of various feed-in tariff mechanisms adopted through the years. These characteristics include the feed-in-tariff rate, degression, special conditions, supported technology, etc. Then, the renewable energy development in Germany has been analyzed through the years along with the targets and the progress in reaching these targets. The study reveals that Germany’s renewable energy support policies (especially feed-in tariff) lead to several benefits and contribute towards the targets existing for renewable energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed-in%20tariff" title="feed-in tariff">feed-in tariff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Germany" title=" Germany"> Germany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penewable%20energy" title=" penewable energy"> penewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89642/evolution-of-germanys-feed-in-tariff-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1448</span> Performance of Constant Load Feed Machining for Robotic Drilling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youji%20Miyake">Youji Miyake</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In aircraft assembly, a large number of preparatory holes are required for screw and rivet joints. Currently, many holes are drilled manually because it is difficult to machine the holes using conventional computerized numerical control(CNC) machines. The application of industrial robots to drill the hole has been considered as an alternative to the CNC machines. However, the rigidity of robot arms is so low that vibration is likely to occur during drilling. In this study, it is proposed constant-load feed machining as a method to perform high-precision drilling while minimizing the thrust force, which is considered to be the cause of vibration. In this method, the drill feed is realized by a constant load applied onto the tool so that the thrust force is theoretically kept below the applied load. The performance of the proposed method was experimentally examined through the deep hole drilling of plastic and simultaneous drilling of metal/plastic stack plates. It was confirmed that the deep hole drilling and simultaneous drilling could be performed without generating vibration by controlling the tool feed rate in the appropriate range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20load%20feed%20machining" title="constant load feed machining">constant load feed machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20drilling" title=" robotic drilling"> robotic drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20hole" title=" deep hole"> deep hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20drilling" title=" simultaneous drilling "> simultaneous drilling </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137018/performance-of-constant-load-feed-machining-for-robotic-drilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1447</span> The Effect of Kelp Ecklonia maxima Inclusion in Formulated Feed on Growth, Feed Utilization and the Gut Microbiota of South African Abalone Haliotis Midae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldi%20Nel">Aldi Nel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cliff%20L.%20W.%20Jones"> Cliff L. W. Jones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20O.%20G.%20Kemp"> Justin O. G. Kemp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20J.%20Britz"> Peter J. Britz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kelp Ecklonia maxima is included in formulated abalone feeds in South Africa, but its effect on abalone growth, feed utilisation efficiency and gut-bacterial communities has not previously been investigated. An eight-month on-farm growth trial with sub-adult Haliotis midae (~43 mm shell length) fed graded levels of kelp in formulated feeds was conducted. Kelp inclusion (0.44–3.54 % of pellet dry mass) promoted faster growth (65.7 – 74.5 % total mass gain), with better feed and protein conversions (FCR: 1.4 – 1.8; PER 2.3 – 2.7), compared to abalone fed the non-supplemented feed (52.3% total mass gain; FCR: 2.1; PER 1.9; p < 0.001). The gut-bacterial communities of abalone fed kelp-supplemented feed (0.88 % of pellet dry mass) were subsequently compared with that of abalone fed a non-supplemented control diet. Abalone gut-bacterial DNA was sequenced using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97 % similarity level. A supplementary 16S rRNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was conducted. The dominant OTUs differed in terms of their relative abundances, with that of an autochthonous Mollicutes strain being significantly higher (p = 0.03) in the guts of abalone fed kelp-supplemented feed. The DGGE band patterns displayed a higher within-group variability of dominant bacterial strains for abalone fed the control diet, suggesting that dietary inclusion of kelp, which is rich in fermentable polysaccharides, promotes a balanced gut-bacterial community. This may contribute to the better feed utilisation and growth in abalone fed kelp-supplemented feeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abfeed" title="abfeed">abfeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digestion" title=" digestion"> digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroalgae" title=" macroalgae"> macroalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mariculture" title=" mariculture"> mariculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69248/the-effect-of-kelp-ecklonia-maxima-inclusion-in-formulated-feed-on-growth-feed-utilization-and-the-gut-microbiota-of-south-african-abalone-haliotis-midae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1446</span> The Use of Additives to Prevent Fouling in Polyethylene and Polypropylene Gas and Slurry Phase Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Shafiq">L. Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rigby"> A. Rigby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All polyethylene processes are highly exothermic, and the safe removal of the heat of reaction is a fundamental issue in the process design. In slurry and gas processes, the velocity of the polymer particles in the reactor and external coolers can be very high, and under certain conditions, this can lead to static charging of these particles. Such static charged polymer particles may start building up on the reactor wall, limiting heat transfer, and ultimately leading to severe reactor fouling and forced reactor shut down. Statsafe™ is an FDA approved anti-fouling additive currently used around the world for polyolefin production as an anti-fouling additive. The unique polymer chemistry aids static discharge, which prevents the build-up of charged polyolefin particles, which could lead to fouling. Statsafe™ is being used and trailed in gas, slurry, and a combination of these technologies around the world. We will share data to demonstrate how the use of Statsafe™ allows more stable operation at higher solids level by eliminating static, which would otherwise prevent closer packing of particles in the hydrocarbon slurry. Because static charge generation depends also on the concentration of polymer particles in the slurry, the maximum slurry concentration can be higher when using Statsafe™, leading to higher production rates. The elimination of fouling also leads to less downtime. Special focus will be made on the impact anti-static additives have on catalyst performance within the polymerization process and how this has been measured. Lab-scale studies have investigated the effect on the activity of Ziegler Natta catalysts when anti-static additives are used at various concentrations in gas and slurry, polyethylene and polypropylene processes. An in-depth gas phase study investigated the effect of additives on the final polyethylene properties such as particle size, morphology, fines, bulk density, melt flow index, gradient density, and melting point. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-static%20additives" title="anti-static additives">anti-static additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst%20performance" title=" catalyst performance"> catalyst performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDA%20approved%20anti-fouling%20additive" title=" FDA approved anti-fouling additive"> FDA approved anti-fouling additive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerisation" title=" polymerisation"> polymerisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116547/the-use-of-additives-to-prevent-fouling-in-polyethylene-and-polypropylene-gas-and-slurry-phase-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1445</span> Effect of Different Levels of Vitamin E and L-Carnitine on Performance of Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Salari">S. Salari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Shirali"> M. A. Shirali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tabatabaei"> S. Tabatabaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sari"> M. Sari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Jahanian"> R. Jahanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of vitamin E and L-carnitine on performance, blood parameters and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. For this purpose 396 one- day- old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed between 9 treatments with 4 replicates (11 birds in each replicate). Dietary treatments consisted of three levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 200 mg/ kg) and three levels of L-carnitine (0, 50 and 100 mg/ kg) that was done in completely randomized design with 3X3 factorial arrangement for 42 days. During the first three weeks, chickens were reared at normal temperature. From the beginning of the fourth week, all chickens were maintenance in a temperature range from 24-38 ° C for heat stress. Performance parameters including average feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded weekly. The results showed that the levels of vitamin E had no significant effect on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the experiment. The use of L-carnitine decreased feed intake during the experiment (P < 0/05). But did not affect average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. Also, there was not significant interaction between vitamin E and L-carnitine for performance parameters except average daily gain during the starter period. The results of this study indicate that the use of different levels of vitamin E and L-carnitine under heat stress did not affected performance parameters of broiler chickens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler" title="broiler">broiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20stress" title=" heat stress"> heat stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=l-carnitine" title=" l-carnitine"> l-carnitine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance "> performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26558/effect-of-different-levels-of-vitamin-e-and-l-carnitine-on-performance-of-broiler-chickens-under-heat-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1444</span> Effect of Feed Additive on Cryopreservation of Barki Ram Semen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurzag%20Kerban">Abdurzag Kerban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostfa%20M.%20Abou-Ahmed"> Mostfa M. Abou-Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelrof%20M.%20Ghallab"> Abdelrof M. Ghallab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20H.%20Shaker"> Mona H. Shaker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preservation of semen had a major impact on sheep genetic breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected fat, probiotic and zinc-enriched diets on semen freezability. Twenty two Barki rams were randomly assigned into four groups; Group I (n=5) was fed the basal diet enriched with 3.7% of dry fat/kg concentration/day, Group II (n=5) was fed a basal diet-enriched with 10gm of probiotic /head/day, Group III (n=6) was fed on the basal diet enriched with 100 ppm of 10% zinc chelated with methionine/kg dry matter/day and Group IV (n=6) was served as control. A pool of three to four ejaculates were pooled from rams within a period of ten weeks. Semen was diluted in egg yolk-Tris diluent and processed in 0.25 ml straw. Motility was evaluated after dilution, before freezing and post-thawing at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hour incubation. Viability index, acrosome integrity and leakage of intracellular enzymes (Aspartat aminotransferase and Alkline phosphatase) were also evaluated. Spermatozoa exhibited highly significant (P<0.01) percentages of motility at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours incubation after thawing, viability index and acrosome integrity in rams fed a diet enriched with protected fat and zinc groups as compared with probiotic and control groups. Also, the mean value of extracellular leakage of AST was significantly lower in fat and zinc group as compared with probiotic and control groups. In conclusion, semen freezability was improved in animals fed a diet fortified with fat and zinc with no significant improvement in animals fed the probiotic-enriched diet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barki%20ram%20semen" title="Barki ram semen">Barki ram semen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freezing" title=" freezing"> freezing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=straw" title=" straw"> straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20additives" title=" feed additives"> feed additives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18437/effect-of-feed-additive-on-cryopreservation-of-barki-ram-semen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">785</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1443</span> A Simulation Study for Potential Natural Gas Liquids Recovery Processes under Various Upstream Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfin%20Getu%20Woldetensay">Mesfin Getu Woldetensay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Representatives and commercially viable natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery processes were studied under various feed conditions that are classified as lean and rich. The conventional turbo- expander process scheme (ISS) was taken as a base case. The performance of this scheme was compared against with the gas sub-cooled process (GSP), cold residue-gas (CRR) and recycle split-vapor (RSV), enhanced NGL recovery process (IPSI-1) and enhanced NGL recovery process with internal refrigeration (IPSI-2). The development made for the GSP, CRR and RSV are at the top section of the demethanizer column whereas the IPSI-1 and IPSI-2 improvement focus in the lower section. HYSYS process flowsheet was initially developed for all the processes including the ISS under a common criteria that could help to demonstrate the performance comparison. Accordingly, a number of simulation runs were made for the selected eight types of feed. Results show that the reboiler duty requirement using rich feeds for GSP, CRR and RSV is quite high compared to IPSI-1 and IPSI-2. The latter shows relatively lower duty due to the presence of self-refrigeration system that allows the inlet feed to be used for achieving cooling without the need to use propane refrigerant. The energy consumption for lean feed is much lower than that of the rich feed in all process schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title="composition">composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean" title=" lean"> lean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rich" title=" rich"> rich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duty" title=" duty"> duty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73013/a-simulation-study-for-potential-natural-gas-liquids-recovery-processes-under-various-upstream-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1442</span> Palatability of a Garlic and Citrus Extract Feed Supplement to Enhance Energy Retention and Methane Production in Ruminants in vivo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Graz">Michael Graz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Shearer"> Andrew Shearer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gareth%20Evans"> Gareth Evans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Manipulation of rumen bacteria is receiving increasing attention as a way of controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are generated by the agricultural sector. Feed supplementation in particular is one of the ways in which this drive is being addressed, in particular with reference to livestock-generated GHG emissions. A blend of naturally occurring chemical extracts obtained from garlic and bitter orange extracts has been identified as a natural, sustainable and non-antibiotic based way of reducing methane production by ruminant livestock. In the current study, the acceptability and impact of this blend of natural extracts on feed rations of beef cattle was trialed in vivo on a commercial farm in Europe. Initial findings have demonstrated acceptable palatability, with all animals accepting the feed supplement into their ration both when it was mixed into the total daily ration and when used as a part of their high energy rations. Measurement of the impact of this feed supplement on productivity weight gain and milk quality is ongoing. In conclusion, this field study confirmed the palatability of the combination of garlic and citrus extracts and hence pointed to possibility of the extract blend to improve digestion, enhance body energy retention and limit CH4 formation in relation to feed intake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citrus" title="citrus">citrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garlic" title=" garlic"> garlic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20reduction" title=" methane reduction"> methane reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palatability" title=" palatability"> palatability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminants" title=" ruminants"> ruminants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68925/palatability-of-a-garlic-and-citrus-extract-feed-supplement-to-enhance-energy-retention-and-methane-production-in-ruminants-in-vivo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1441</span> Effect of Selenium Source on Meat Quality of Bonsmara Bull Calves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20van%20Soest">J. van Soest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bruneel"> B. Bruneel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Smit"> J. Smit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Williams"> N. Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Swiegers"> P. Swiegers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral involved in reducing oxidative stress, enhancing immune status, improving reproduction, and regulating growth. During finishing period, selenium supplementation can be applied to improve meat quality. Dietary selenium can be provided in inorganic or organic forms. Specifically, L-selenomethionine (organic selenium) allows for selenium storage in animal protein which supports the animal during periods of high oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of synthetically produced, single amino acid, L-selenomethionine (Excential Selenium 4000, Orffa Additives BV) on production parameters, health status, and meat quality of Bonsmara bull calves. 24 calves, 7 months of age, completed a 60-day initial growing period at a commercial feedlot, after which they were transported to research station Rumen-8 (Bethlehem, South-Africa). After a ten-day adaptation period, the bulls were allocated to a control (n=12) or treatment (n=12) group. Each group was divided over 3 pens based on weight. Both groups received Total Mixed Ration supplemented with 5.25 mg Se/head per day. The control group was supplemented with sodium selenite as Se source, whilst the treatment group was supplemented with L-selenomethionine (Excential Selenium 4000, Orffa Additives BV). Animals were limited to 10 kg feed intake per head per day to ensure similar Se intake. Treatment period lasted 1.5 months. A beta-adrenergic agonist was included in the feed for the last 30 days. During the treatment period, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. Blood parameters were measured at day 1, day 25, and before slaughter (day 47). After slaughter, carcass weight, dressing percentage, grading, and meat quality (pH, tenderness, colour, odour, purge, proximate analyses, acid detergent fibre, and neutral detergent fibre) were determined. No differences between groups were found in performance. A higher number of animals with cortisol levels below detection limit (27.6 nmol/l) was recorded for the treatment group. Other blood parameters showed no differences. No differences were found regarding carcass weight and dressing percentage. Important parameters of meat quality were significantly improved in the treatment group: instrumental tenderness at 14 days ageing was 2.8 and 3.4 for treatment and control respectively (P=0.010), and a 0.5% decrease in purge (of fresh samples) was shown, 1.5% and 2.0% for treatment group and control respectively (p=0.029). Besides, pH was shown to be numerically reduced in the treatment group. In summary, supplementation with L-selenomethionine as selenium source improved meat quality compared to sodium selenite. Lower instrumental tenderness (Warner Bratzler Shear Force, WBSF) was recorded for the treatment group. This indicates less tough meat and highest consumer satisfaction. Regarding purge, control was just below 2.0%, an important threshold for consumer acceptation. Treatment group scored 0.5% lower for purge than control, indicating higher consumer satisfaction. The lower pH in the treatment group could be an indication of higher glycogen reserves in muscle which could contribute to a reduced risk of Dark Firm Dry carcasses. More animals showed cortisol levels below detection limit in the treatment group, indicating lower levels of stress when animals receive L-selenomethionine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calves" title="calves">calves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20quality" title=" meat quality"> meat quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenium" title=" selenium"> selenium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145302/effect-of-selenium-source-on-meat-quality-of-bonsmara-bull-calves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1440</span> Growth and Laying Performance of Commercial Hens Fed with Varying Levels of Trichanthera gigantea (Nees.) Leaf Meal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmel%20Khrisna%20Wong%20Moreno">Carmel Khrisna Wong Moreno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinah%20M.%20Espina"> Dinah M. Espina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing price of feed ingredients has prompted farmers to seek feasible feed alternatives like the utilization of locally-grown protein-rich feedstuff which is cheaper but gives a positive result in poultry production. Trichanthera gigantea, a fodder tree which is an excellent alternative as feed ingredient in the Philippines has now gained popularity as feed supplement. This study was conducted to determine the growth and laying performance of commercial hens fed with varying levels of Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal. The incorporation of Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal at 5%, 10%, and 15% into the diet of commercial hens did not affect the growth and laying performance. Results of the study revealed that the weight gain of the birds fed with Trichanthera gigantea supplemented diets was not significantly different with the control (100% commercial layer mash). The voluntary feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weekly average egg weight and egg production of the commercial hens fed with T. gigantea leaf meal supplemented diets were not significantly different from the control. Results of the study showed that the supplementation of Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal of up to 15% into the diets of commercial hens is highly acceptable since it does not affect the growth and laying performance of the birds. In addition, it would mean a 15% savings in production cost from commercial feeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20production" title="egg production">egg production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laying%20performance" title=" laying performance"> laying performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichanthera%20gigantea%20%28nees%29" title=" trichanthera gigantea (nees)"> trichanthera gigantea (nees)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37524/growth-and-laying-performance-of-commercial-hens-fed-with-varying-levels-of-trichanthera-gigantea-nees-leaf-meal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1439</span> The Influence of Addition of Asparagus Bean Powder (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) on Gonad Maturity of Nilem Carp (Osteochilus hasselti) at the Floating Net Cage of Cirata Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Rostika">Rita Rostika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junianto"> Junianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulfiqar%20W.%20Ibrahim"> Zulfiqar W. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iskandar"> Iskandar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lantun%20P.%20Dewanti"> Lantun P. Dewanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of asparagus bean powder and its most effective administration dose to improve the gonad maturity of nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti). The research is conducted in October-July 2017 located at Cirata Reservoir and Aquaculture Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The research employs an experimental method using a Complete Random Design (RAL) with six treatments and three repetitions. The treatments include the addition of asparagus bean powder by 0% (Control), 4% per kg of feed, 5% per kg of feed, 6% per kg of feed, 7% per kg of feed, as well as the addition of vitamin E essential as the control. The results show that the addition of asparagus bean powder to the feed may influence the gonad maturity of nilem carp shown by its Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) parameter, fecundity, egg diameter and egg reaching its maturity phase or GVBD (Germinal Vesicle Breakdown). The best administration dose influencing nilem carp is the addition of asparagus bean powder by 7% per kg of feed with the average GSI of 15.02%, relative fecundity of 137 eggs/g of fish parent weight, egg diameter of 1,263 mm, and egg reaching its maturity phase (GVBD) of 78.15%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asparagus%20bean%20powder" title="asparagus bean powder">asparagus bean powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nilem%20carp" title=" nilem carp"> nilem carp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gonad%20maturity" title=" gonad maturity"> gonad maturity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cirata%20reservoir" title=" Cirata reservoir"> Cirata reservoir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85513/the-influence-of-addition-of-asparagus-bean-powder-psophocarpus-tetragonolobus-on-gonad-maturity-of-nilem-carp-osteochilus-hasselti-at-the-floating-net-cage-of-cirata-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1438</span> Analysis of Pollution Caused by the Animal Feed Industry and the Fertilizer Industry Using Rock Magnetic Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kharina%20Budiman">Kharina Budiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinda%20Syifa%20Azhari"> Adinda Syifa Azhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleonora%20Agustine"> Eleonora Agustine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial activities get increase in this globalization era, one of the major impacts of industrial activities is a problem to the environment. This can happen because at the industrial production term will bring out pollutant in the shape of solid, liquid or gas. Normally this pollutant came from some dangerous materials for environment. However not every industry produces the same amount of pollutant, every industry produces different kind of pollution. To compare the pollution impact of industrial activities, soil sample has been taken around the animal feed industry and the fertilizer industry. This study applied the rock magnetic method and used Bartington MS2B to measured magnetic susceptibility (χ) as the physical parameter. This study tested soil samples using the value of susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) and Frequency Dependent (χ FD). Samples only taken in the soil surface with 0-5 cm depth and sampling interval was 20 cm. The animal feed factory has susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) = 111,9 – 325,7 and Frequency Dependent (χ FD) = 0,8 – 3,57 %. And the fertilizer factory has susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) = 187,1 – 494,8 and Frequency Dependent (χ FD) = 1,37 – 2,46 %. Based on the results, the highest value of susceptibility low frequency (χ lf) is the fertilizer factory, but the highest value of Frequency Dependent (FD) is the animal feed factory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial" title="industrial">industrial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20susceptibility" title=" magnetic susceptibility"> magnetic susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CF%87lf" title=" χlf"> χlf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CF%87fd" title=" χfd"> χfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20feed%20industry%20and%20fertilizer%20industry" title=" animal feed industry and fertilizer industry"> animal feed industry and fertilizer industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65665/analysis-of-pollution-caused-by-the-animal-feed-industry-and-the-fertilizer-industry-using-rock-magnetic-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1437</span> Performance and Economics of Goats Fed Poultry Litter and Rumen Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mohammed">A. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Umar"> A. M. Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Adamu"> S. H. Adamu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and nutrients utilization using 20 entire males of Sahelian goats fed Rumen content (fore-stomach digest) and poultry litter waste (PLW) at various levels of inclusion. The experimental animals were randomly allocated to diet A (Control), B (10% each of FSD and PLW), C (6.67%PLW and 13.33 FSD) and D(13.33% PLW and 6.67% FDS) at the rate of five animals per treatment. After 90 days of feeding trial, It was observed that Diets D had best feed intake and body weight gain which might be due to the good palatability of PLW and less odour of FSD in the diet. Diet C had the least feed cost then followed by diet B and while diet A(control) was more expensive than other treatments. There was the significant difference (P<0.05) between the treatments in the cost of daily feed consumption. Treatment A had the highest value while treatment C recorded the lowest cost of daily feed consumption. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between all treatments in terms of Cost of feed kg/ live weight gain, where treatment B had the highest value while the lowest obtained in treatment D. However, it is recommended that more research trial should be carried out to ascertain the true value of incorporating poultry litter waste and fore-stomach digest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20litter" title="poultry litter">poultry litter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20content" title=" rumen content"> rumen content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight%20gain" title=" weight gain"> weight gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics" title=" economics "> economics </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20033/performance-and-economics-of-goats-fed-poultry-litter-and-rumen-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light 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