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</li> <li id="toc-How-To_Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How-To_Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>How-To Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How-To_Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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Available in 87 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="إم إس-دوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إم إس-دوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8" title="এমএস-ডস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমএস-ডস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ام‌اس-داس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام‌اس-داس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8.-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8" title="एम.एस.-डॉस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एम.एस.-डॉस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D.-%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="എം.എസ്.-ഡോസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എം.എസ്.-ഡോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE" title="डिस्क ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टीम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डिस्क ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टीम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ام-اس دوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ام-اس دوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA-%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အမ်အက်စ်-ဒေါ့စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမ်အက်စ်-ဒေါ့စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3-%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B3" title="ئێم ئێس-دۆس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێم ئێس-دۆس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="எம்எஸ்-டொஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எம்எஸ்-டொஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఎంఎస్-డాస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎంఎస్-డాస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="MS-DOS" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">MS-DOS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Msdos-icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Msdos-icon.png/64px-Msdos-icon.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Msdos-icon.png/96px-Msdos-icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Msdos-icon.png/128px-Msdos-icon.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StartingMsdos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/StartingMsdos.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="111" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="66" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An example of the MS-DOS command-line interface, showing that the current directory is the root of drive C</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X86_assembly_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X86 assembly language (not yet started)">x86 assembly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later versions also used <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Preserved pieces exist in 32-bit Windows</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Closed_source" title="Closed source">Closed source</a>; <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source software">open source</a> for select versions since 2018<sup id="cite_ref-mit-relicense_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-relicense-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">August 12, 1981<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981-08-12</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Linfo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linfo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Millenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windows Millenium (not yet started)">8.0</a> / September 16, 2000<span class="noprint">; 24 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2000-09-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/microsoft<wbr />/MS-DOS</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47604#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data">Re-installation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Package_manager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Package manager (not yet started)">Package manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Text_user_interface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Text user interface (not yet started)">text</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a><br /><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a> (v1.25 & v2.0)<sup id="cite_ref-mit-relicense_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-relicense-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> (as of <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/windows_dos_overview.mspx">MS-DOS overview</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Support status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">MS-DOS 6.0 unsupported as of December 31, 2001<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StartingMsdos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/StartingMsdos.png" decoding="async" width="178" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="66" /></a><figcaption>Starting MS-DOS</figcaption></figure> <p><b>MS-DOS</b> is a discontinued <a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">16-bit</a> computer <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> Corporation. It stands for "Microsoft Disk Operating System". The operating system implements a <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a> for the user to input commands (which ran from disk). It was popularly used in <a href="/wiki/PC" class="mw-redirect" title="PC">PCs</a> before <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphical user interface">GUI</a> operating systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, came out, and still is used in some places today. </p><p>MS-DOS is a text-based operating system, meaning that a user works with a keyboard to input data and receives output in plain text. Later, MS-DOS <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">programs</a> were often made to allow control by using a <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a> and graphics (even without additionally running Microsoft Windows) especially for video games or to make work more simple and quick (some people still believe that working without graphics is really more efficient). </p><p>MS-DOS is called a <a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk operating system">disk operating system</a> because it was mainly made to interact with the disk (to implement a <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> for users and programs); it was loaded into a computer's memory with a <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> each time the computer is started (<a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">booted</a>) up. </p><p>MS-DOS was released as proprietary software, but decades later after most users had gone to other systems, it was released as free software.<sup id="cite_ref-mit-relicense_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mit-relicense-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_details">History and details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History and details" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History and details"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MS-DOS stands for "Microsoft Disk Operating System", and came from an operating system Microsoft bought called 86-DOS, originally called QDOS, or "Quick and Dirty Operating System." </p><p><a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> was made to replace MS-DOS, but that replacement did not succeed. MS-DOS was used to run the Windows operating systems until an operating system known as <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How-To_Books">How-To Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: How-To Books" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: How-To Books"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many books were written on how to use MS-DOS. A popular introductory book was <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS_for_Dummies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MS-DOS for Dummies (not yet started)">MS-DOS for Dummies</a></i>, by Dan Gookin, the book in the <i><a href="/wiki/For_Dummies" title="For Dummies">For Dummies</a></i> series of easy to follow instruction books. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MS-DOS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPaterson1983" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Paterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Paterson (not yet started)">Paterson, Tim</a> (June 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506152047/http://www.patersontech.com/dos/byte%E2%80%93inside-look.aspx">"An Inside Look at MS-DOS"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Computer_Products&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seattle Computer Products (not yet started)">Seattle Computer Products</a></i>. Seattle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patersontech.com/dos/byte%E2%80%93inside-look.aspx">the original</a> on May 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Computer+Products&rft.atitle=An+Inside+Look+at+MS-DOS&rft.date=1983-06&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patersontech.com%2Fdos%2Fbyte%25E2%2580%2593inside-look.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMS-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mit-relicense-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mit-relicense_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mit-relicense_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-mit-relicense_2-2">2.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2018" class="citation web cs1">Turner, Rich (28 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2018/09/28/re-open-sourcing-ms-dos-1-25-and-2-0/">"Re-Open-Sourcing MS-DOS 1.25 and 2.0"</a>. <i>Windows Command Line Tools For Developers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Command+Line+Tools+For+Developers&rft.atitle=Re-Open-Sourcing+MS-DOS+1.25+and+2.0&rft.date=2018-09-28&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.microsoft.com%2Fcommandline%2F2018%2F09%2F28%2Fre-open-sourcing-ms-dos-1-25-and-2-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMS-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linfo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Linfo_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linfo.org/ms-dos.html">"MS-DOS: A Brief Introduction"</a>. <i>The Linux Information Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214120951/http://www.linfo.org/ms-dos.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Linux+Information+Project&rft.atitle=MS-DOS%3A+A+Brief+Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linfo.org%2Fms-dos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMS-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060706200752/http://support.microsoft.com/gp/lifeobsoleteproducts/">"Obsolete Products Life-Cycle Policy"</a>. <i>Support</i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. July 30, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/gp/lifeobsoleteproducts">the original</a> on July 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Support&rft.atitle=Obsolete+Products+Life-Cycle+Policy&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fgp%2Flifeobsoleteproducts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMS-DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_action_run.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Crystal_Clear_action_run.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_action_run.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Crystal_Clear_action_run.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_action_run.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Crystal_Clear_action_run.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_action_run.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about <a href="/wiki/Category:Technology_stubs" title="Category:Technology stubs">technology</a> can be made longer. 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