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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigido desde «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polo_geogr%C3%A1fico_de_la_Tierra&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Polo geográfico de la Tierra">Polo geográfico de la Tierra</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><div class="rellink noprint hatnote"> Para otros usos de este término, véase <a href="/wiki/Polo" class="mw-disambig" title="Polo">Polo</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Nordpole.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nordpole.png/220px-Nordpole.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Nordpole.png 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>"Polos norte": <br /> 1: Geográfico <br /> 2: Magnético <br /> 3: Geomagnético <br /> 4: De inaccesibilidad (Oceánico).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Pole-south.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pole-south.gif/220px-Pole-south.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Pole-south.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>"Polos sur": <br /> 1: Geográfico <br /> 2: Magnético <br /> 3: Geomagnético <br /> 4: De inaccesibilidad (Continental).</figcaption></figure> <p>Los <b>polos geográficos</b> son los dos puntos de la superficie de un cuerpo rotativo (<a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planeta_enano" title="Planeta enano">planeta enano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite_natural" title="Satélite natural">satélite natural</a>, esfera u otro cuerpo rotatorio) que son atravesados por el <a href="/wiki/Eje_de_rotaci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Eje de rotación">eje de rotación</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El polo norte geográfico de un cuerpo se encuentra a una <a href="/wiki/Latitud_geogr%C3%A1fica" class="mw-redirect" title="Latitud geográfica">latitud geográfica</a> de 90 grados al norte del <a href="/wiki/Ecuador_terrestre" title="Ecuador terrestre">ecuador</a>, mientras que el polo sur geográfico se encuentra a 90 grados al sur del ecuador. Al ser los puntos donde coinciden todos los <a href="/wiki/Meridiano" title="Meridiano">meridianos</a>, los polos no tienen <a href="/wiki/Longitud_geogr%C3%A1fica" class="mw-redirect" title="Longitud geográfica">longitud geográfica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En el caso de la <a href="/wiki/Esfera_terrestre" class="mw-redirect" title="Esfera terrestre">esfera terrestre</a>, la cual es atravesada por el <a href="/wiki/Eje_terrestre" title="Eje terrestre">eje terrestre</a>, al polo situado en el extremo norte se le llama <a href="/wiki/Polo_norte" title="Polo norte">polo norte</a>, boreal o ártico y al situado en el extremo sur <a href="/wiki/Polo_sur" title="Polo sur">polo sur</a>, meridional o antártico.<sup id="cite_ref-UNO_3-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-UNO-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Las <a href="/wiki/Latitudes_polares" class="mw-redirect" title="Latitudes polares">latitudes polares</a> son las situadas por encima (en términos de latitud) de los <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADrculos_polares" class="mw-redirect" title="Círculos polares">círculos polares</a>; donde se sitúan las <a href="/wiki/Regiones_polares" title="Regiones polares">regiones polares</a>, que coinciden a grandes rasgos con la denominada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_fr%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona fría (aún no redactado)">zona fría</a> o de <a href="/wiki/Clima_polar" title="Clima polar">clima frío</a> en <a href="/wiki/Climatolog%C3%ADa" title="Climatología">climatología</a>. </p><p>Es posible que los polos geográficos "se desplacen" un poco en forma relativa a la superficie del cuerpo a causas de perturbaciones en la rotación. Los polos norte y sur físicos reales de la Tierra varían cíclicamente de posición unos pocos metros a lo largo de un período de unos pocos años. Este fenómeno es distinto de la denominada <a href="/wiki/Precesi%C3%B3n_de_los_equinoccios" title="Precesión de los equinoccios">precesión de los equinoccios</a> de la Tierra, en el cual el ángulo del planeta (tanto el eje como su superficie, moviéndose al unísono) varía lentamente a lo largo de periodos del orden de decenas de miles de años.<sup id="cite_ref-UNO_3-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-UNO-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Debido a que la <a href="/wiki/Cartograf%C3%ADa" title="Cartografía">cartografía</a> precisa de coordenadas exactas e invariables, se definen <b>polos cartográficos</b> que son puntos fijos sobre la Tierra u otro cuerpo rotante en la ubicación aproximada de la zona en la que se desplazan y varían los polos geográficos. Estos polos cartográficos son los puntos donde se interceptan los <a href="/wiki/Gran_c%C3%ADrculo" title="Gran círculo">grandes círculos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Longitud_(cartograf%C3%ADa)" title="Longitud (cartografía)">longitud</a>. </p><p>No se deben confundir los polos geográficos y los polos cartográficos con los <a href="/wiki/Campo_magn%C3%A9tico_terrestre" title="Campo magnético terrestre">polos magnéticos</a>, que pudiera tener un planeta u otro cuerpo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polo_geogr%C3%A1fico&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFKotlyakovKomarova2006" class="citation libro">Kotlyakov, Vladimir; Komarova, Anna (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6DhWw_cYLicC&pg=PA557"><i>Elsevier's Dictionary of Geography: in English, Russian, French, Spanish and German</i></a>. p. 557<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 22 de junio de 2015</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APolo+geogr%C3%A1fico&rft.au=Komarova%2C+Anna&rft.au=Kotlyakov%2C+Vladimir&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.aulast=Kotlyakov&rft.btitle=Elsevier%27s+Dictionary+of+Geography%3A+in+English%2C+Russian%2C+French%2C+Spanish+and+German&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=557&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6DhWw_cYLicC%26pg%3DPA557&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astromia.com/fotostierra/polosgeograficos.htm">Los polos geográficos de la Tierra</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-UNO_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNO_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Earth: A Tenant's Manual. Frank H. T. Rhodes. 400 pag, Cornell University Press (2012). ISBN-10: 0801478235, ISBN-13: 978-0801478239</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polo_geogr%C3%A1fico&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> alberga una categoría multimedia sobre <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geographical_poles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Geographical poles">Polo geográfico</a></b>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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