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Waktu Musim Panas - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prosedur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosedur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prosedur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prosedur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unsur_politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unsur_politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unsur politik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unsur_politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_Pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_Pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Daftar Pustaka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_Pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Waktu Musim Panas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 113 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Somertyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horario_de_verano" title="Horario de verano – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Horario de verano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A" title="توقيت صيفي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توقيت صيفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="توقيت صيفى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توقيت صيفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="দিবালোক সংৰক্ষণ সময় – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দিবালোক সংৰক্ষণ সময়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horariu_de_branu" title="Horariu de branu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Horariu de branu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Риидалил заман – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Риидалил заман" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yay_vaxt%C4%B1" title="Yay vaxtı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yay vaxtı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="یای ساعاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یای ساعاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Йәйге ваҡыт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәйге ваҡыт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaras_%C4%8Diesos" title="Vasaras čiesos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vasaras čiesos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Летні час – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Летні час" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Летні час – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летні час" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Лятно часово време – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лятно часово време" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="দিবালোক সংরক্ষণ সময় – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দিবালোক সংরক্ষণ সময়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur_ha%C3%B1v" title="Eur hañv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eur hañv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" title="Ljetno računanje vremena – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ljetno računanje vremena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horari_d%27estiu" title="Horari d&#039;estiu – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Horari d&#039;estiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_%C4%8Das" title="Letní čas – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letní čas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D1%82" title="Çуллахи вăхăт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуллахи вăхăт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amser_haf" title="Amser haf – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amser haf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommertid" title="Sommertid – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sommertid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommerzeit" title="Sommerzeit – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sommerzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeta_amnani" title="Saeta amnani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saeta amnani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Θερινή ώρα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερινή ώρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_tempo" title="Somera tempo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somera tempo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horario_de_verano" title="Horario de verano – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Horario de verano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suveaeg" title="Suveaeg – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suveaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udako_ordutegi" title="Udako ordutegi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udako ordutegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ساعت تابستانی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت تابستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4aika" title="Kesäaika – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kesäaika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv%C3%B5aig" title="Suvõaig – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Suvõaig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summart%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Summartíð – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Summartíð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heure_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9" title="Heure d&#039;été – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Heure d&#039;été" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somertidj" title="Somertidj – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Somertidj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmertiid" title="Simmertiid – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Simmertiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_samhraidh" title="Am samhraidh – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Am samhraidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horario_de_ver%C3%A1n" title="Horario de verán – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Horario de verán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahaku_%C3%A1ra" title="Arahaku ára – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Arahaku ára" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traa_hashtee_hollys_y_laa" title="Traa hashtee hollys y laa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Traa hashtee hollys y laa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A5" title="שעון קיץ – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שעון קיץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="दिवालोक बचत समय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिवालोक बचत समय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" title="Ljetno računanje vremena – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ljetno računanje vremena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%A1ri_id%C5%91sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Nyári időszámítás – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyári időszámítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ամառային ժամանակ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամառային ժամանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oras_a_panagin-inut_ti_lawag" title="Oras a panagin-inut ti lawag – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Oras a panagin-inut ti lawag" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumart%C3%ADmi" title="Sumartími – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sumartími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_legale" title="Ora legale – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ora legale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="夏時間 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="夏時間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ზაფხულის დრო – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზაფხულის დრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/DST" title="DST – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="DST" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimez_n_unebdu" title="Azimez n unebdu – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azimez n unebdu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Жазғы уақыт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жазғы уақыт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aasaanerani_nalunaaqqutaq" title="Aasaanerani nalunaaqqutaq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Aasaanerani nalunaaqqutaq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B4%91_%EC%A0%88%EC%95%BD_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A0%9C" title="일광 절약 시간제 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일광 절약 시간제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джай заман – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джай заман" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommezick" title="Sommezick – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Sommezick" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demjim%C3%AAra_hav%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Demjimêra havînê – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Demjimêra havînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Жайкы убакыт – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жайкы убакыт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempus_aestivum" title="Tempus aestivum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tempus aestivum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerz%C3%A4it" title="Summerzäit – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Summerzäit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomertied" title="Zomertied – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zomertied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ເວລາປະຢັດແສງກາງເວັນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເວລາປະຢັດແສງກາງເວັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaros_laikas" title="Vasaros laikas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vasaros laikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaras_laiks" title="Vasaras laiks – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vasaras laiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кизонь пингсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кизонь пингсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Летно сметање на времето – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летно сметање на времето" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%82" title="ഡേ ലൈറ്റ് സേവിംഗ് ടൈം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡേ ലൈറ്റ് സേവിംഗ് ടൈം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B3" title="उन्हाळी प्रमाणवेळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उन्हाळी प्रमाणवेळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_musim_panas" title="Waktu musim panas – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Waktu musim panas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomertijd" title="Zomertijd – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zomertijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommartid" title="Sommartid – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sommartid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommertid" title="Sommertid – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sommertid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_d%27estiu" title="Ora d&#039;estiu – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ora d&#039;estiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਚਾਨਣ ਬਚਾਊ ਸਮਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਨਣ ਬਚਾਊ ਸਮਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czas_letni" title="Czas letni – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czas letni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="روشنی بچاؤ ویلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روشنی بچاؤ ویلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="د اوړي وخت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوړي وخت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor%C3%A1rio_de_ver%C3%A3o" title="Horário de verão – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Horário de verão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_de_var%C4%83" title="Ora de vară – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ora de vară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Летнее время – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Летнее время" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Сайыҥҥы кэм – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сайыҥҥы кэм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylicht_savin_time" title="Daylicht savin time – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daylicht savin time" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetno_vrijeme" title="Ljetno vrijeme – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljetno vrijeme" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Letný čas – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letný čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletni_%C4%8Das" title="Poletni čas – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poletni čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llogaritja_verore_e_koh%C3%ABs" title="Llogaritja verore e kohës – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Llogaritja verore e kohës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Летње рачунање времена – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летње рачунање времена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suumertied" title="Suumertied – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suumertied" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanci_Usum_Panas" title="Wanci Usum Panas – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wanci Usum Panas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommartid" title="Sommartid – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sommartid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%C5%84i_czas" title="Letńi czas – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Letńi czas" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="เวลาออมแสง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวลาออมแสง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz_saati_uygulamas%C4%B1" title="Yaz saati uygulaması – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaz saati uygulaması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Җәйге вакыт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәйге вакыт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Гужем дыр – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гужем дыр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Літній час – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літній час" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="گرمائی وقت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرمائی وقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/DST" title="DST – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="DST" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_gi%E1%BB%9D_m%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8" title="Quy ước giờ mùa hè – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quy ước giờ mùa hè" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6" title="夏令时 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="夏令时" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ზარხულიშ ბორჯი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზარხულიშ ბორჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זומער זייגער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זומער זייגער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="夏时制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81-s%C3%AE-kan" title="Hā-sî-kan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hā-sî-kan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="夏令時間 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="夏令時間" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/DST_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="DST (disambiguasi)">DST (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png/370px-DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png/555px-DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png/740px-DaylightSaving-World-Subdivisions.png 2x" data-file-width="4952" data-file-height="2197" /></a><figcaption>Walaupun tidak diterapkan oleh sebagian besar negara di dunia, waktu musim panas umum diterapkan di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Barat" title="Dunia Barat">Dunia Barat</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1a80e6; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;WMP diterapkan.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ef690a; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;WMP tidak lagi diterapkan.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c00000; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;WMP tidak pernah diterapkan.</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Waktu Musim Panas</b> (WMP) (<i>Daylight Saving Time</i> (DST) di Amerika Utara atau <i>summer time</i> di Inggris, Uni Eropa, dan tempat lainnya) adalah suatu praktik pemajuan jarum jam semasa musim panas sehingga malam hari datang pada pukul yang lebih lambat setiap harinya. Sistem ini dimaksudkan untuk "menyimpan cahaya siang hari" (<i>daylight saving</i>) di <a href="/wiki/Musim_panas" title="Musim panas">musim panas</a>. Karena itu di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a> sistem ini dikenal sebagai "Waktu Musim Panas". Penerapan WMP biasanya melibatkan pemajuan jarum jam satu jam lebih cepat dari <a href="/wiki/Waktu_standar" title="Waktu standar">waktu standar</a> pada musim semi dan pemunduran jarum jam satu jam lebih lambat pada musim gugur untuk kembali ke waktu standar.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dengan kata lain, terdapat satu hari yang ber-23 jam pada akhir musim dingin (atau awal musim semi) dan satu hari yang ber-25 jam pada musim gugur. Tujuannya adalah agar kegiatan kerja dan sekolah pada musim panas dimulai dan selesai lebih awal, sehingga ketika warga selesai berkegiatan, masih banyak waktu untuk menikmati siang hari yang terang. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Hudson_(entomologist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Hudson (entomologist) (halaman belum tersedia)">George Hudson</a> mengusulkan gagasan WMP pada tahun 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB-Hudson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungaria" title="Austria-Hungaria">Austria-Hungaria</a> mengorganisasi penerapan WMP yang pertama kali ke seluruh negeri mulai dari tanggal 30 April 1916. Banyak negara yang telah menerapkan WMP dalam sejarahnya, utamanya sejak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisis_energi_1970-an&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisis energi 1970-an (halaman belum tersedia)">krisis energi 1970-an</a>. WMP biasanya digunakan di wilayah yang <a href="/wiki/Iklim_sedang" title="Iklim sedang">beriklim sedang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Iklim_kutub" title="Iklim kutub">kutub</a>, karena perbedaan lamanya siang hari dan malam hari yang cukup besar dari musim ke musim sepanjang tahun di wilayah-wilayah tersebut. Di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">khatulistiwa</a>, seperti Indonesia, WMP tidak (lagi) diterapkan karena lamanya siang hari dan malam hari tidaklah berubah banyak sepanjang tahun. Beberapa negara menerapkan WMP hanya pada sebagian wilayahnya saja, misalnya di Australia yang menerapkan WMP hanya di negara bagian di wilayah tenggara Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hanya sebagian kecil populasi dunia yang menggunakan WMP; negara-negara Asia dan Afrika umumnya tidak menerapkan WMP. </p><p>Perubahan jarum jam WMP kadang kala memperumit pencatatan waktu dan dapat mengganggu kegiatan perjalanan, penagihan, pembukuan, dan pola tidur seseorang.<sup id="cite_ref-Lahti_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lahti-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perangkat lunak komputer biasanya akan menyesuaikan waktu secara otomatis, tetapi kadang kala perubahan kebijakan WMP di berbagai negara dapat membingungkan.<sup id="cite_ref-Tong_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tong-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alasan_penerapan_WMP">Alasan penerapan WMP</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Alasan penerapan WMP" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alasan penerapan WMP"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kegiatan-kegiatan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masyarakat_industri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masyarakat industri (halaman belum tersedia)">masyarakat industri</a> biasanya mengikut pada jadwal keseharian yang didasarkan pada pukul waktu tertentu yang tetap dan tidak berubah sepanjang tahun. Waktu seseorang mulai dan selesai bekerja atau bersekolah, maupun waktu jadwal <a href="/wiki/Transportasi_publik" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportasi publik">transportasi publik</a>, sebagai contohnya, biasanya tetap sepanjang tahun. Sebaliknya, rutinitas kegiatan keseharian dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masyarakat_agraris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Masyarakat agraris (halaman belum tersedia)">masyarakat agraris</a> cenderung ditentukan oleh panjangnya waktu siang hari<sup id="cite_ref-Minnesota_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minnesota-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RoSPA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoSPA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu matahari">waktu matahari</a>, yang berubah-ubah secara musiman disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">kemiringan sumbu</a> Bumi. Waktu siang hari di utara dan selatan <a href="/wiki/Tropika" title="Tropika">tropika</a> berlangsung lebih lama pada musim panas dan sebaliknya berlangsung lebih singkat pada musim dingin. Efek ini menjadi lebih drastis seiring menjauhnya seseorang dari wilayah tropis. </p><p>Dengan mengatur ulang jarum jam dalam wilayah waktu yang sama secara bersamaan, setiap warga dapat mengikuti jadwal keseharian mereka satu jam lebih awal daripada yang seharusnya; rutinitas kerja harian warga akan dimulai dan selesai satu jam lebih awal sehingga akan terdapat satu jam tambahan untuk menikmati siang hari yang terang.<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1895_p734_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson_1895_p734-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, setiap warga juga akan kehilangan satu jam hari terang di awal hari, sehingga penerapan WMP tidak praktis untuk musim dingin.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Handwerk_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handwerk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Para pendukung WMP berargumen bahwa kebanyakan warga lebih memilih tambahan jam siang yang terang setelah pekerjaan mereka selesai.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Willett100_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willett100-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selain itu, pendukung WMP juga berargumen bahwa WMP menghemat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsumsi_energi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsumsi energi (halaman belum tersedia)">konsumsi energi</a> dengan menurunkan permintaaan akan listrik dan panas, walaupun dampak aktualnya terhadap penggunaan energi secara keseluruhan dipertentangkan. </p><p>Manipulasi waktu seperti WMP di wilayah lintang tinggi (seperti <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>) hanya memiliki dampak yang kecil. Hal ini disebabkan perubahan lamanya siang hari dan malam hari yang ekstrem dari musim ke musim; waktu matahari terbit dan terbenam secara signifikan melenceng dari waktu kerja tak peduli bagaimanapun jarum jam dimajukan atau dimundurkan.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> WMP juga tidak berguna banyak di lokasi dekat khatulistiwa, karena lamanya siang hari di wilayah ini tidak bervariasi banyak sepanjang tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dampak WMP juga bervariasi tergantung setimur dan sebarat mana seseorang berlokasi dalam suatu zona waktu. Lokasi di sebelah timur akan mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih banyak dari WMP daripada lokasi yang berada di sebelah barat dalam zona waktu yang sama.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jam air. Sebuah patung manusia kecil yang memegang jarum penunjuk markah jam pada silinder. Silinder tersebut tersambung melalui roda gigi dengan roda air yang diputar oleh air." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg/170px-Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg/255px-Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg/340px-Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Diagram <a href="/wiki/Jam_air" title="Jam air">jam air</a> kuno yang mengijinkan lamanya 1 jam yang bervariasi sesuai musim.</figcaption></figure> <p>Masyarakat peradaban kuno menyesuaikan jadwal keseharian masyarakatnya dengan matahari dengan membagi waktu siang menjadi 12 pukul tak peduli berapa lamanya siang hari, sehingga lamanya setiap jam siang perlahan-lahan menjadi semakin panjang selama musim semi dan semakin pendek selama musim gugur.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebagai contohnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencatatan_waktu_Romawi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencatatan waktu Romawi (halaman belum tersedia)">bangsa Romawi mencatat waktu</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Jam_air" title="Jam air">jam air</a> yang berskala berbeda-beda setiap bulannya dalam setahun; di garis lintang Roma, pukul ke-3 sejak matahari terbit (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Terce&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Terce (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>hora tertia</i></a>) dimulai pada pukul 09:02 <a href="/wiki/Waktu_matahari" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu matahari">waktu matahari</a> dan berlangsung selama 44 menit pada <a href="/wiki/Titik_balik_matahari" title="Titik balik matahari">titik balik</a> musim dingin. Namun, pada titik balik musim panas, pukul ke-3 dimulai pada pukul 06:58 waktu matahari dan berlangsung selama 75 menit.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sejak abad ke-14 dan seterusnya, sistem waktu sipil yang berpanjang waktu sama rata setiap pukulnya menggantikan sistem yang berpanjang waktu tak sama rata, sehinga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_sipil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu sipil (halaman belum tersedia)">waktu sipil</a> tidak lagi bervariasi sesuai musim. Sistem jam yang tak sama rata masih digunakan dalam beberapa tradisi, seperti di beberapa biara <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Athos" title="Gunung Athos">Gunung Athos</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pada semua upacara tradisional Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> terkenal akan peribahasa Inggrisnya "<i>early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise</i>" (tidur lebih cepat dan bangun lebih awal membuat manusia sehat, kaya, dan bijaksana).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dia menerbitkan sebuah surat ke surat kabar <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_de_Paris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal de Paris (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal de Paris</a></i> sewaktu dia menjabat sebagai perwakilan Amerika untuk Prancis (1776–1785) dan menganjurkan para penduduk Paris untuk menghemat lilin dengan bangun lebih awal sehingga dapat memanfaatkan sinar matahari pagi.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Satir tahun 1784 ini mengusulkan pemajakan penutup jendela, penjatahan lilin, dan pembangunan warga publik dengan membunyikan lonceng gereja dan menembak meriam saat matahari terbit.<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Walaupun orang-orang mengira WMP pertama kali diusulkan Franklin, Franklin sebenarnya tidak mengusulkan WMP; Eropa abad ke-18 bahkan tidak memiliki jadwal waktu yang tepat. Namun, hal ini berubah seiring dengan berkembangnya transportasi rel dan jaringan komunikasi yang memerlukan standarisasi waktu.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1810, Majelis Nasional Spanyol <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortes_de_C%C3%A1diz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortes de Cádiz (halaman belum tersedia)">Cortes de Cádiz</a></i> mengumumkan aturan yang memindahkan waktu pertemuan satu jam lebih awal dari 1 Mei sampai dengan 30 September untuk menyesuaikan dengan perubahan musim. Namun, aturan ini tidak mengubah jarum jam waktu. Aturan ini juga mengakui bahwa bisnis swasta pada saat itu telah memraktikkan perubahan waktu buka sesuai dengan waktu siang hari dengan sendirinya.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fuzzy head-and-shoulders photo of a 40-year-old man with a mustache." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg/170px-George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg/255px-George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg/340px-George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1928" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Hudson_(ahli_entomologi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Hudson (ahli entomologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">George Hudson</a> memprakarsai WMP modern dan mengusulkannya pada tahun 1895.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ahli entomologi Selandia Baru <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Hudson_(entomologist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Hudson (entomologist) (halaman belum tersedia)">George Hudson</a> pertama kali mengusulkan penerapan WMP modern. Jam kerjanya mengizinkan adanya waktu senggang untuk mengoleksi serangga dan ini membuatnya menghargai terangnya hari setelah dia selesai bekerja.<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB-Hudson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1895, ia menyampaikan sebuah makalah ke <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society_of_New_Zealand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Society of New Zealand (halaman belum tersedia)">Wellington Philosophical Society</a></i> dan mengusulkan jam kerja lebih awal 2 jam.<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1895_p734_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson_1895_p734-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Usulan ini menarik perhatian yang banyak di <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>; ia kemudian mengembangkan lebih jauh usulannya di makalah tahun 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak publikasi yang mengalamatkan usulan WMP kepada <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Willett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Willett (halaman belum tersedia)">William Willett</a>, seorang ahli bangunan sekaligus penggemar kegiatan luar yang ternama dari Inggris.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia secara terpisah mengusulkan WMP pada tahun 1905 sewaktu ia berkuda sebelum sarapan dan mengamati bahwa penduduk London menghabiskan kebanyakan waktu terang pada musim panas dengan tidur.<sup id="cite_ref-Willett100_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willett100-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Willett jugalah seorang penggemar golf yang tidak suka bahwa ronde permainannya harus berakhir lebih awal pada senja hari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;20053_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;20053-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Solusinya adalah memajukan jarum jam selama musim panas dan ia mempublikasikan usulannya dua tahun kemudian.<sup id="cite_ref-Willett_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willett-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Anggota parlemen Inggris dari Partai Liberal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Pearce_(politikus_Britania)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Pearce (politikus Britania) (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Pearce</a> menerima usulan tersebut dan mengajukan rancangan undang-undang <i>Daylight Saving</i> ke Dewan Rakyat Britania pada tanggal 12 Februari 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebuah komite dibentuk untuk membahas hal tersebut, tetapi rancangan undang-undang Pearce tidak berhasil disahkan dan rancangan undang-undang yang sama pada tahun-tahun berikutnya juga gagal. Willett tetap melobi usulannya di Britania sampai kematiannya pada tahun 1915. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Arthur,_Ontario&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Port Arthur, Ontario (halaman belum tersedia)">Port Arthur, Ontario</a>, Kanada adalah kota pertama di dunia yang memberlakukan WMP pada tanggal 1 Juli 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ini kemudian diikuti oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orillia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orillia (halaman belum tersedia)">Orillia</a>, Ontario, yang diperkenalkan oleh William Sword Frost ketika ia menjabat sebagai walikota pada tahun 1911 sampai dengan 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Negara yang pertama kali memberlakukan WMP (bahasa Jerman: <i>Sommerzeit</i>) secara nasional adalah <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a> dan sekutu <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>-nya <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungaria" title="Austria-Hungaria">Austria-Hungaria</a>; WMP dimulai pada tanggal 30 April 1916 sebagai upaya untuk menghemat batu bara saat perang. Britania, kebanyakan negara sekutunya, dan negara-negara Eropa yang netral lainnya dengan segera mengikuti praktik tersebut. Rusia dan beberapa negara lainnya menerapkannya satu tahun kemudian. Amerika Serikat menerapkan WMP pada tahun 1918. Kebanyakan negara kemudian mencabut pemberlakuan WMP setelah perang usai pada tahun 1918, kecuali Kanada, Britania Raya, Prancis, Irlandia, dan Amerika Serikat. Praktik ini kemudian menjadi lebih umum semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> dan diberlakukan luas di Amerika dan Eropa sejak tahun 1970-an sebagai akibat dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krisis_energi_1970-an&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Krisis energi 1970-an (halaman belum tersedia)">krisis energi 1970-an</a>. Sejak saat itu, banyak negara yang telah memberlakukan, menyesuaikan, dan membatalkan WMP dari tahun ke tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–89_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–89-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prosedur">Prosedur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Prosedur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Prosedur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r15025838/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Begin_CEST.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of a clock showing a transition from 02:00 to 03:00" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Begin_CEST.svg/165px-Begin_CEST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Begin_CEST.svg/248px-Begin_CEST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Begin_CEST.svg/330px-Begin_CEST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Saat WMP mulai diberlakukan, jarum jam dimajukan satu jam ke depan (seolah-olah melompati satu jam) setelah tengah malam.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:End_CEST.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of a clock showing a transition from 03:00 to 02:00" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/End_CEST.svg/165px-End_CEST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/End_CEST.svg/248px-End_CEST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/End_CEST.svg/330px-End_CEST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ketika pemberlakuan WMP berakhir dan waktu standar diberlakukan, jarum jam dimundurkan satu jam ke belakang (seolah-olah mengulangi satu jam) setelah tengah malam. Waktu pasti pemberlakuan berbeda-beda sesuai negara.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Pemerintah tiap-tiap negara atau daerah biasanya menjadwalkan perubahan jarum jam pada tengah malam (atau sesudahnya) di akhir pekan, sehingga mengurangi gangguan pada jadwal hari kerja.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di seluruh negara-negara yang memberlakukan WMP secara musiman (pada musim panas), jarum jam dimajukan dari waktu standar menjadi waktu musim panas pada musim semi dan jarum jam dimundurkan kembali dari waktu musim panas menjadi waktu standar pada musim gugur. Biasanya jarum jam dimajukan 1 jam ke depan, walaupun pemajuan sebesar 20 menit dan 2 jam pernah diberlakukan di beberapa tempat. Praktik seperti ini secara efektif mengurangkan jumlah jam dalam satu hari (menjadi 23 jam) pada hari pemberlakuan WMP di musim semi dan menambahkan jumlah jam dalam satu hari (25 jam) pada hari pemberlakukan kembali waktu standar di musim gugur. Sebagai contohnya, apabila pemberlakuan WMP terjadi pada tengah malam musim semi, maka tampilan jam waktu lokal akan meloncat dari pukul 23:59:59.9 menjadi pukul 01:00:00.0. Pada musim gugur, tampilan jam waktu lokal akan mengulang kembali pukul waktu sebelumnya dari pukul 23:59:59.9 menjadi pukul 23:00:00.0. </p><p>Di kebanyakan negara yang memberlakukan WMP secara musiman, waktu yang berlaku pada musim dingin secara resmi disebut sebagai "waktu standar".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Waktu standar ini sesuai dengan standarisasi zona waktu yang mengikut pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_rata-rata_lokal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu rata-rata lokal (halaman belum tersedia)">waktu rata-rata lokal</a> dekat pusat wilayah masing-masing.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hal ini terkecuali bagi Irlandia, yang waktu musim dinginnya (UTC ±00:00) secara resmi disebut <i><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a></i> (Waktu Rata-Rata Greenwich), mengikut pada penamaan di Britania, tetapi waktu musim panasnya (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a>) secara resmi disebut <i>Irish Standard Time</i> (Waktu Standar Irlandia),<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> berbeda dengan penamaan di Britania, yakni <i><a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a></i> (Waktu Musim Panas Britania).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manakala kebanyakan negara memberlakukan WMP pada musim panas dan waktu standar pada musim dingin, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> memberlakukan WMP (sejak 2019) setiap bulannya dalam setahun, kecuali pada bulan <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>. Pada bulan suci ini (yang ditentukan berdasarkan pada <a href="/wiki/Kalender_hijriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender hijriyah">kalender hijriyah</a>), Maroko memberlakukan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Greenwich" title="Waktu Greenwich">Waktu Greenwich</a> (UTC+00:00). Menjelang berakhirnya bulan ramadan, jarum jam dimajukan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Afrika_Barat" title="Waktu Afrika Barat">Waktu Afrika Barat</a> (UTC+01:00), yang tetap diberlakukan hingga bulan ramadan tahun hijriyah selanjutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sgg.gov_2018_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sgg.gov_2018-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Waktu perubahan jarum jam ini berbeda-beda menurut negara dan yurisdiksi. Negara-negara anggota <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> memberlakukannya dengan selaras, yakni perubahan zona waktu secara serentak pada pukul 01:00 <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi</a> (UTC). Ini berarti, perubahan jarum jam terjadi pada pukul 02:00 <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Eropa_Tengah" title="Waktu Eropa Tengah">Waktu Eropa Tengah</a> (CET) dan pada pukul 03:00 <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Eropa_Timur" title="Waktu Eropa Timur">Waktu Eropa Timur</a> (EET). Dengan demikian, selisih waktu antar tiap-tiap zona waktu di Eropa tetaplah konstan.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myers_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hal ini berbeda dengan di Amerika Utara, yang perubahan jarum jamnya dilakukan di tiap-tiap yuridiksi pada pukul 02:00 waktu lokal. Ini berarti bahwa akan terdapat perubahan selisih waktu (yang sementara) antar tiap-tiap zona waktu di Amerika Utara. Sebagai contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Standar_Pegunungan" title="Waktu Standar Pegunungan">Waktu Pegunungan</a>, alih-alih berselisih 1 jam dengan <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Standar_Pasifik" title="Waktu Standar Pasifik">Waktu Standar Pasifik</a> seperti biasanya, akan berselisih 0 jam selama 1 jam pada musim gugur dan berselisih 2 jam selama 1 jam pada musim semi. </p><p>Tanggal perubahan jarum jam juga berbeda-beda menurut lokasi dan tahun. Sebagai akibatnya, selisih waktu antar zona waktu juga bervariasi sepanjang tahun. Sebagai contohnya, Waktu Eropa Tengah biasanya berselisih 6 jam lebih awal daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Timur_Amerika_Utara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu Timur Amerika Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Waktu Timur Amerika Utara</a>, terkecuali pada beberapa minggu pada bulan Maret dan Oktober/November. Sejak tahun 1996, <a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Musim Panas Eropa">Waktu Musim Panas Eropa</a> diberlakukan dari hari Minggu terakhir bulan Maret sampai dengan hari Minggu terakhir bulan Oktober. Sebelumnya, tanggal pemberlakuan ini tidak seragam di seluruh negara anggota Uni Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, sejak tahun 2007, kebanyakan wilayah di Amerika Serikat dan Kanada memberlakukan WMP dari hari Minggu kedua bulan Maret sampai dengan hari Minggu pertama bulan November.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Oleh karena musim panas dan musim gugur di belahan Bumi Selatan datang pada waktu yang berlawanan dengan musim panas dan musim gugur di belahan Bumi Utara, pemberlakuan WMP di belahan Bumi Selatan juga berlawanan. Contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> memberlakukan WMP dari hari Sabtu kedua bulan Oktober sampai dengan hari Sabtu kedua bulan Maret.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di beberapa negara, misalnya Australia, Kanada, Meksiko, dan Amerika Serikat, zona waktu diatur oleh pemerintah/yuridiksi daerah. Hal ini berimbas pada ketidakseragaman pemberlakuan WMP di dalam negara tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005179–180_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005179–180-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Misalnya, pada tahun 2008, kebanyakan negara bagian Australia yang memberlakukan WMP mengubah jarum jam pada tanggal 5 Oktober, tetapi negara bagian <a href="/wiki/Australia_Barat" title="Australia Barat">Australia Barat</a> mengubah jarum jam pada tanggal 26 Oktober. </p><p>Dari tahun ke tahun, tanggal perubahan jarum jam juga dapat diubah atas alasan politik dan sosial. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Waktu_Seragam_1996&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Waktu Seragam 1996 (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Waktu Seragam 1996</a> Amerika Serikat secara resmi menentukan periode pemberlakuan WMP di Amerika Serikat berlangsung selama 6 bulan; periode ini diperpanjang menjadi 7 bulan pada tahun 1986, dan kemudian menjadi 8 bulan pada tahun 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Downing_2018_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downing_2018-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korch_2015_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korch_2015-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perpanjangan periode WMP pada tahun 2005 dimotivasi sebagian oleh para pelobi dari industri permen yang ingin meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan dengan cara memasukkan hari <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> (31 Oktober) ke dalam periode WMP.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unsur_politik">Unsur politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Unsur politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Unsur politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waktu musim panas telah mengundang banyak kontroversi sejak pemberlakuannya dimulai.<sup id="cite_ref-Downing-Prerau_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downing-Prerau-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> berargumen bahwa WMP memperluas "kesempatan bagi jutaan warga yang hidup di negara ini untuk meraih kesehatan dan kebahagian."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebaliknya, berbagai pakar politik memelesetkan "<i>Daylight Saving Time</i>" menjadi "<i>Daylight Slaving Time</i>" (Waktu Perbudakan Siang Hari).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005117_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005117-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perusahaan-perusahaan yang berkepentingan di bidang retail, olahraga, dan pariwisata secara historis mendukung pemberlakuan WMP, manakala yang berkepentingan di bidang pertanian dan hiburan malam menolak pemberlakuannya. Pemberlakuan WMP pada awalnya dicetus oleh krisis energi dan peperangan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005xi_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005xi-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gagalnya usulan WMP Willett pada tahun 1907 menunjukkan adanya unsur-unsur politik dalam pemberlakuan WMP. Usulan Willett mendapat dukungan dari berbagai pihak, di antaranya <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, Churchill, <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a> (yang pada saat itu memberlakukan WMP di kediamannya di <a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham</a>), direktur pelaksana <a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a>, dan manajer National Bank. Namun, penolakannya lebih keras, meliputi Perdana Menteri <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Christie_(astronom)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Christie (astronom) (halaman belum tersedia)">William Christie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Darwin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Darwin (halaman belum tersedia)">George Darwin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napier_Shaw&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Napier Shaw (halaman belum tersedia)">Napier Shaw</a> (direktur Kantor Meteorologis Britania), para pemilik bioskop, dan organisasi-organisasi pertanian. Setelah pembahasan yang berlarut-larut, usulan Willett ditolak dengan selisih suara yang tipis di komite Parlemen Britania pada tahun 1909. Para pendukung Willett mengusulkan rancangan undang-undang yang sama setiap tahunnya dari tahun 1911 sampai dengan 1914, tetapi tidak berhasil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200512–24_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200512–24-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Amerika Serikat, para politikusnya lebih skeptis terhadap WMP; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_James_Peters&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew James Peters (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrew Peters</a> mengajukan rancangan undang-undang WMP ke Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat pada Mei 1909, tetapi tidak dilanjutkan pembahasannya oleh komite Dewan Perwakilan AS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200572–73_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200572–73-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Poster titled &quot;VICTORY! CONGRESS PASSES DAYLIGHT SAVING BILL&quot; showing Uncle Sam turning a clock to daylight saving time as a clock-headed figure throws his hat in the air. The clock face of the figure reads &quot;ONE HOUR OF EXTRA DAYLIGHT&quot;. The bottom caption says &quot;Get Your Hoe Ready!&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg/170px-Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg/255px-Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg/340px-Victory-Cigar-Congress-Passes-DST.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>Perusahaan retail pada umumnya mendukung pemberlakuan WMP; Poster dari <i>United Cigar Stores</i> ini memuji pengesahan undang-undang WMP tahun 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Jerman memelopori pemberlakuan WMP (<i>Sommerzeit</i> dalam bahasa Jerman) semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a> pada tanggal 30 April 1916 bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Blok_sentral" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok sentral">sekutunya</a> untuk meringankan beban kelangkaan batu bara semasa perang dan pemadaman listrik pada saat serangan udara. Ini berimbas pada perubahan perhitungan politik di negara lain; Britania Raya memberlakukan WMP pertama kali pada tanggal 21 Mei 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–70_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–70-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Robert Garland, industriawan <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, yang mewakili kepentingan industri retail dan manufaktur AS dengan segera melobi pemberlakuan WMP di Amerika Serikat. Namun, hal ini ditentang oleh industri rel kereta api. Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam perang tersebut pada tahun 1917 mengalahkan penolakan tersebut dan WMP diberlakukan di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200580–101_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200580–101-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seusai perang, sentimen politik berbalik arah. Para petani tetap tidak menyukai WMP dan banyak negara kemudian membatalkannya setelah perang. Jerman sendiri membatalkan WMP dari tahun 1919 sampai dengan 1939 dan tahun 1950 sampai dengan 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengecualian ada pada Britania yang tetap memberlakukan WMP di seluruh negeri, walaupun tanggal perubahan jam disesuaikan dari tahun ke tahun atas berbagai alasan, Sekarang, waktu musim panas dimulai dari hari Minggu terakhir bulan Maret sesuai dengan pedoman Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Amerika Serikat, Kongres AS mengesahkan pembatalan WMP setelah tahun 1919, tetapi Presiden <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> yang juga seorang penggemar golf seperti Willet memveto pembatalan tersebut dua kali. Veto keduanya kemudian dikalahkan oleh Kongres AS. Sejak itu, hanya beberapa kota di Amerika Serikat yang masih memberlakukan WMP secara lokal,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> meliputi New York, yang mempertahankannya agar bursa keuangannya dapat mempertahankan perdagangan arbitrase selama satu jam dengan London, serta Chicago dan <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, yang mempertahankannya agar dapat mengimbangi New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Spring_Forward&#39;&#39;200547–48_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Spring_Forward&#39;&#39;200547–48-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penerus Wilson, <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>, menolak WMP dan menyebutnya sebagai "tipuan". Ia beralasan bahwa warga seharusnya bangun dan pergi bekerja lebih awal pada musim panas. Ia memerintahkan pegawai federal Distrik Kolumbia untuk memulai kerja mereka pada jam 8 pagi, alih-alih jam 9 pagi, selama musim panas pada tahun 1922. Beberapa perusahaan kemudian mengikuti kebijakan ini, walaupun banyak yang tidak; percobaan ini kemudian tidak diulangi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak penerapan WMP oleh Jerman pada tahun 1916, banyak negara yang telah memberlakukan, menyesuaikan, dan membatalkan WMP atas berbagai alasan politik.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Amerika Serikat memberlakukan WMP secara nasional di kedua perang dunia, tetapi tidak menstandarisasinya saat perang usai sampai dengan tahun 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005147–155,_175–180_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005147–155,_175–180-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Contohnya, kota <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Paul,_Minnesota&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Paul, Minnesota (halaman belum tersedia)">St. Paul</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a>, berada dalam zona waktu yang berbeda selama 2 minggu pada bulan Mei 1965 ketika kota St. Paul memutuskan untuk memberlakukan WMP lebih awal, mengikut dengan kota-kota lainnya di AS, ketimbang Minneapolis yang memberlakukan WMP dua minggu setelahnya mengikut pada ketentuan hukum negara bagain Minnesota.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada pertengahan tahun 1980-an, perusahaan <a href="/wiki/Clorox" title="Clorox">Clorox</a> dan <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a> membiayai Koalisi Waktu Musim Panas yang mendorong perpanjangan durasi WMP Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1987. Kedua senator <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Craig&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Larry Craig (halaman belum tersedia)">Larry Craig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a>, memberikan dukungan suara untuk pengesahan perpanjangan ini didasarkan pada anggapan bahwa restoran-restoran siap saji menjual lebih banyak kentang goreng, yang diproduksi dari kentang Idaho, semasa WMP.<sup id="cite_ref-Benfield_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benfield-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_Pustaka">Daftar Pustaka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar Pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar Pustaka"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prerau, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seizethedaylight.com"><i>Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time</i></a> (Thunder’s Mouth Press; <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1560256559" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-56025-655-9</a>)</li> <li>Prerau, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://savingthedaylight.com"><i> Saving the Daylight: Why We Put the Clocks Forward</i></a> (Granta Books; <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1862077967" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-86207-796-7</a>) — Kisah tentang Waktu Musim Panas khususnya di Britania Raya.</li> <li>Downing, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shoemakerhoard.com/catalog/spring.html"><i>Spring Forward: The Annual Madness of Daylight Saving Time</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070630231602/http://www.shoemakerhoard.com/catalog/spring.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-06-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Shoemaker &amp; Hoard; <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1593760531" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-59376-053-1</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/daylight-saving-time-fall-back-doesnt-equal-sleep-gain-201311016836">"Daylight Saving Time "fall back" doesn't equal sleep gain"</a>. <i>Harvard Health Publishing</i>. Harvard Health Publishing. November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Harvard+Health+Publishing&amp;rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Time+%22fall+back%22+doesn%27t+equal+sleep+gain&amp;rft.date=2013-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.harvard.edu%2Fblog%2Fdaylight-saving-time-fall-back-doesnt-equal-sleep-gain-201311016836&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalwesthospital.org/daylight-savings-time.php">"Adjusting to Daylight Savings Time"</a>. <i>www.medicalwesthospital.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.medicalwesthospital.org&amp;rft.atitle=Adjusting+to+Daylight+Savings+Time&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalwesthospital.org%2Fdaylight-savings-time.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNZB-Hudson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gibbs, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3H42">"Hudson, George Vernon"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (halaman belum tersedia)">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage (halaman belum tersedia)">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&amp;rft.atitle=Hudson%2C+George+Vernon&amp;rft.aulast=Gibbs&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F3H42&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">"Implementation dates of daylight saving time within Australia"</a>. Bureau of Meteorology. September 22, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Implementation+dates+of+daylight+saving+time+within+Australia&amp;rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&amp;rft.date=2009-09-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fdst_times.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lahti-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lahti_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Lahti</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Tong-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tong_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Tong</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Minnesota-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minnesota_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/1995-96/select/time.txt">"Daylight savings time"</a>. <i>Session Weekly</i>. Minnesota House Public Information Office. 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Session+Weekly&amp;rft.atitle=Daylight+savings+time&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.house.leg.state.mn.us%2Fhinfo%2Fswkly%2F1995-96%2Fselect%2Ftime.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoSPA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RoSPA_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913125519/http://www.rospa.com/RoadSafety/info/summertime_paper2006v2.pdf">"Single/Double Summer Time policy paper"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. October 2006. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rospa.com/roadsafety/info/summertime_paper2006v2.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal September 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Single%2FDouble+Summer+Time+policy+paper&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Accidents&amp;rft.date=2006-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rospa.com%2Froadsafety%2Finfo%2Fsummertime_paper2006v2.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudson_1895_p734-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson_1895_p734_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hudson_1895_p734_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">G. V. Hudson (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html">"On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°"</a>. <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute</i>. <b>28</b>: 734.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+New+Zealand+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=On+seasonal+time-adjustment+in+countries+south+of+lat.+30%C2%B0&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.pages=734&amp;rft.date=1895&amp;rft.au=G.+V.+Hudson&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsnz.natlib.govt.nz%2Fvolume%2Frsnz_28%2Frsnz_28_00_006110.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005115–118_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;115–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRS_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report">Mark Gurevitz (March 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831225402/https://opencrs.com/document/RS22284/">Daylight saving time</a> (Laporan). Order Code RS22284. Congressional Research Service. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencrs.com/document/RS22284/">versi asli</a> tanggal August 31, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=Daylight+saving+time&amp;rft.series=Order+Code+RS22284&amp;rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&amp;rft.date=2007-03-07&amp;rft.au=Mark+Gurevitz&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopencrs.com%2Fdocument%2FRS22284%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handwerk-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handwerk_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine">Handwerk, Brian (November 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111104-daylight-saving-time-science-travel/">"Permanent Daylight Saving Time? Might Boost Tourism, Efficiency"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&amp;rft.atitle=Permanent+Daylight+Saving+Time%3F+Might+Boost+Tourism%2C+Efficiency&amp;rft.date=2011-11-06&amp;rft.aulast=Handwerk&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2Ftravelnews%2F2011%2F11%2F111104-daylight-saving-time-science-travel%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mikkelson, David (March 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/science/daylight.asp">"Daylight Saving Time"</a>. <i>Snopes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Snopes&amp;rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Time&amp;rft.date=2016-03-13&amp;rft.aulast=Mikkelson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fscience%2Fdaylight.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willett100-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willett100_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willett100_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228021630/http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/time-facts/british-summer-time">"100 years of British Summer Time"</a>. National Maritime Museum. 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/time-facts/british-summer-time/">versi asli</a> tanggal December 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=100+years+of+British+Summer+Time&amp;rft.pub=National+Maritime+Museum&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmm.ac.uk%2Fexplore%2Fastronomy-and-time%2Ftime-facts%2Fbritish-summer-time%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102172846/http://peninsulaclarion.com/stories/031702/leg_031702ala0060001.shtml">"Bill would do away with daylight savings time in Alaska"</a>. <i>Peninsula Clarion</i>. March 17, 2002. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peninsulaclarion.com/stories/031702/leg_031702ala0060001.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal November 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2013</span>. <q>Because of our high latitudinal location, the extremities in times for sunrise and sunset are more exaggerated for Alaska than anywhere else in the country," Lancaster said. "This makes Alaska less affected by savings from daylight-saving time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Peninsula+Clarion&amp;rft.atitle=Bill+would+do+away+with+daylight+savings+time+in+Alaska&amp;rft.date=2002-03-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeninsulaclarion.com%2Fstories%2F031702%2Fleg_031702ala0060001.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rosenberg, Matt (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121020859/http://geography.about.com/cs/daylightsavings/a/dst.htm">"Daylight Saving Time (Also Known as Daylight Savings Time)"</a>. About. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/cs/daylightsavings/a/dst.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Daylight+Saving+Time+%28Also+Known+as+Daylight+Savings+Time%29&amp;rft.pub=About&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.aulast=Rosenberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Fcs%2Fdaylightsavings%2Fa%2Fdst.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Swanson, Anna (March 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/11/why-daylight-saving-time-isnt-as-terrible-as-people-think/">"Why daylight saving time isn't as terrible as people think"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Why+daylight+saving+time+isn%27t+as+terrible+as+people+think&amp;rft.date=2016-03-11&amp;rft.aulast=Swanson&amp;rft.aufirst=Anna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2016%2F03%2F11%2Fwhy-daylight-saving-time-isnt-as-terrible-as-people-think%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Berthold (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-journal_1918-03_13_6/page/450">"Daylight saving in ancient Rome"</a>. <i>The Classical Journal</i>. <b>13</b> (6): 450–451.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Daylight+saving+in+ancient+Rome&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=450-451&amp;rft.date=1918&amp;rft.au=Berthold&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_classical-journal_1918-03_13_6%2Fpage%2F450&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Carcopino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jérôme Carcopino (halaman belum tersedia)">Jérôme Carcopino</a> (1968). "The days and hours of the Roman calendar". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00carc_0"><i>Daily Life in Ancient Rome: The People and the City at the Height of the Empire</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-300-00031-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-300-00031-3">978-0-300-00031-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+days+and+hours+of+the+Roman+calendar&amp;rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+Ancient+Rome%3A+The+People+and+the+City+at+the+Height+of+the+Empire&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-00031-3&amp;rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Carcopino&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinancie00carc_0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_D._Kaplan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert D. Kaplan (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Kaplan</a> (2003). "The holy mountain". <i>The Atlantic</i>. <b>292</b> (5): 138–141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=The+holy+mountain&amp;rft.volume=292&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=138-141&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.au=Robert+Kaplan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hertzel Hillel Yitzhak (2006). "When to recite the blessing". <i>Tzel HeHarim: Tzitzit</i>. Nanuet, NY: Feldheim. hlm.&#160;53–58. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58330-292-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58330-292-7">978-1-58330-292-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=When+to+recite+the+blessing&amp;rft.btitle=Tzel+HeHarim%3A+Tzitzit&amp;rft.place=Nanuet%2C+NY&amp;rft.pages=53-58&amp;rft.pub=Feldheim&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58330-292-7&amp;rft.au=Hertzel+Hillel+Yitzhak&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Manser, Martin H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fgaUQc8NbTYC&amp;pg=PA70"><i>The Facts on File dictionary of proverbs</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>. hlm.&#160;70. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780816066735" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780816066735">9780816066735</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Facts+on+File+dictionary+of+proverbs&amp;rft.pages=70&amp;rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9780816066735&amp;rft.aulast=Manser&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfgaUQc8NbTYC%26pg%3DPA70&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Benjamin Franklin; William Temple Franklin; William Duane (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EYiyAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA477"><i>Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin</i></a>. McCarty &amp; Davis. hlm.&#160;477<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Benjamin+Franklin&amp;rft.pages=477&amp;rft.pub=McCarty+%26+Davis&amp;rft.date=1834&amp;rft.au=Benjamin+Franklin&amp;rft.au=William+Temple+Franklin&amp;rft.au=William+Duane&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEYiyAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA477&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Seymour Stanton Block (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/benjamin-franklin-americas-inventor.htm">"Benjamin Franklin: America's inventor"</a>. <i>American History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+History&amp;rft.atitle=Benjamin+Franklin%3A+America%27s+inventor&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=Seymour+Stanton+Block&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fbenjamin-franklin-americas-inventor.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Benjamin Franklin, writing anonymously (April 26, 1784). "Aux auteurs du Journal". <i>Journal de Paris</i> (dalam bahasa French) (117): 511–513.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Paris&amp;rft.atitle=Aux+auteurs+du+Journal&amp;rft.issue=117&amp;rft.pages=511-513&amp;rft.date=1784-04-26&amp;rft.au=Benjamin+Franklin%2C+writing+anonymously&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span> Its first publication was in the journal's "Économie" section in a French translation. The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html">revised English version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115130303/http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2017-11-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. [cited February 13, 2009] is commonly called "An Economical Project", a title that is not Franklin's; see <cite class="citation journal">A.O. Aldridge (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-literature_1956-03_28_1/page/23">"Franklin's essay on daylight saving"</a>. <i>American Literature</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 23–29. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2922719">10.2307/2922719</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2922719">2922719</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Literature&amp;rft.atitle=Franklin%27s+essay+on+daylight+saving&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=23-29&amp;rft.date=1956&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2922719&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2922719&amp;rft.au=A.O.+Aldridge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-literature_1956-03_28_1%2Fpage%2F23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eviatar_Zerubavel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eviatar Zerubavel (halaman belum tersedia)">Eviatar Zerubavel</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-sociology_1982-07_88_1/page/1">"The standardization of time: a sociohistorical perspective"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Sociology</i>. <b>88</b> (1): 1–23. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F227631">10.1086/227631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Sociology&amp;rft.atitle=The+standardization+of+time%3A+a+sociohistorical+perspective&amp;rft.volume=88&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=1-23&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F227631&amp;rft.au=Eviatar+Zerubavel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-journal-of-sociology_1982-07_88_1%2Fpage%2F1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Luxan, Manuel (1810). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.es/docu/blog/reglamento_cortes_1810.pdf"><i>Reglamento para el gobierno interior de las Cortes</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Congreso_de_los_Diputados" class="mw-redirect" title="Congreso de los Diputados">Congreso de los Diputados</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reglamento+para+el+gobierno+interior+de+las+Cortes&amp;rft.date=1810&amp;rft.aulast=Luxan&amp;rft.aufirst=Manuel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congreso.es%2Fdocu%2Fblog%2Freglamento_cortes_1810.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Martín Olalla, José María (September 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/opinion/2018/09/03/5b8bd39046163f9c628b462e.html">"La gestión de la estacionalidad"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Mundo_(Spain)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="El Mundo (Spain) (halaman belum tersedia)">El Mundo</a></i> (dalam bahasa Spanyol). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unidad_Editorial&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Unidad Editorial (halaman belum tersedia)">Unidad Editorial</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&amp;rft.atitle=La+gesti%C3%B3n+de+la+estacionalidad&amp;rft.date=2018-09-03&amp;rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADn+Olalla&amp;rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fopinion%2F2018%2F09%2F03%2F5b8bd39046163f9c628b462e.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">G. V. Hudson (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_31/rsnz_31_00_008570.html">"On seasonal time"</a>. <i>Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute</i>. <b>31</b>: 577–588.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+New+Zealand+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=On+seasonal+time&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.pages=577-588&amp;rft.date=1898&amp;rft.au=G.+V.+Hudson&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsnz.natlib.govt.nz%2Fvolume%2Frsnz_31%2Frsnz_31_00_008570.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"New Zealand time". <i>New Zealand Geographer</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 104. 1948. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x">10.1111/j.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Geographer&amp;rft.atitle=New+Zealand+time&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=104&amp;rft.date=1948&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;20053-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;20053_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willett-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willett_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Willett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Willett (halaman belum tersedia)">William Willett</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330085246/http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html"><i>The waste of daylight</i></a> (edisi ke-1st). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 12, 1908. col.&#160;155–156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Bill&amp;rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&amp;rft.pages=col.-155-156&amp;rft.pub=House+of+Commons&amp;rft.date=1908-02-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhansard.millbanksystems.com%2Fcommons%2F1908%2Ffeb%2F12%2Fdaylight-saving-bill%23S4V0184P0_19080212_HOC_254&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northernontario.travel/thunder-bay/the-thunder-bay-connection-to-daylight-savings-time">"Time to change your clocks – but why?"</a>. <i>Northern Ontario Travel</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). March 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Northern+Ontario+Travel&amp;rft.atitle=Time+to+change+your+clocks+%E2%80%93+but+why%3F&amp;rft.date=2018-03-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernontario.travel%2Fthunder-bay%2Fthe-thunder-bay-connection-to-daylight-savings-time&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/"><i>Daylight Saving Time</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Daylight+Saving+Time&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fdst%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Moro, Teviah (July 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826093846/http://www.orilliapacket.com/2009/07/16/faded-memories-for-sale">"Faded Memories for Sale"</a>. <i>Orillia Packet and Times</i>. Orillia, Ontario. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orilliapacket.com/2009/07/16/faded-memories-for-sale">versi asli</a> tanggal August 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Orillia+Packet+and+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Faded+Memories+for+Sale&amp;rft.date=2009-07-16&amp;rft.aulast=Moro&amp;rft.aufirst=Teviah&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orilliapacket.com%2F2009%2F07%2F16%2Ffaded-memories-for-sale&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–89-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–89_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;51–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503074945/http://www.lordhoweisland.info/important-info.htm">"Information for visitors"</a>. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lordhoweisland.info/important-info.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal May 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sky and Telescope<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Time+in+the+Sky+and+the+Amateur+Astronomer&amp;rft.pub=Sky+and+Telescope&amp;rft.aulast=MacRobert&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskyandtelescope.org%2Fastronomy-resources%2Ftime-in-the-sky-and-the-amateur-astronomer%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/section/1/enacted/en/html">"Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971"</a>. <i>electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=electronic+Irish+Statute+Book+%28eISB%29&amp;rft.atitle=Standard+Time+%28Amendment%29+Act%2C+1971&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1971%2Fact%2F17%2Fsection%2F1%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fhtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/ireland">"Time Zones in Ireland"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>. Time and Date AS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&amp;rft.atitle=Time+Zones+in+Ireland&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fzone%2Fireland&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/uk">"Time Zones in the United Kingdom"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>. Time and Date AS<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf?ver=2018-10-27-101217-477">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2019-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Release+of+the+Moroccan+Official+Journal&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgg.gov.ma%2FPortals%2F1%2FBO%2F2018%2FBO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf%3Fver%3D2018-10-27-101217-477&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026141815/http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf?ver=2018-10-27-101217-477">"Salinan arsip"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf?ver=2018-10-27-101217-477">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2019-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Salinan+arsip&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgg.gov.ma%2FPortals%2F1%2FBO%2F2018%2FBO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf%3Fver%3D2018-10-27-101217-477&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/morocco">"Time Zones in Morocco"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>. Time and Date AS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&amp;rft.atitle=Time+Zones+in+Morocco&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fzone%2Fmorocco&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">National Physical Laboratory (March 31, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011093001/http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/at-what-time-should-clocks-go-forward-or-back-for-summer-time-faq-time">"At what time should clocks go forward or back for summer time (FAQ – Time)"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/at-what-time-should-clocks-go-forward-or-back-for-summer-time-faq-time">versi asli</a> tanggal October 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2016</span>. <q>The time at which summer time begins and ends is given in the relevant EU Directive and UK Statutory Instrument as 1&#160;am. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)... All time signals are based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which can be almost one second ahead of, or behind, GMT so there is a brief period in the UK when the directive is not being strictly followed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=At+what+time+should+clocks+go+forward+or+back+for+summer+time+%28FAQ+%E2%80%93+Time%29&amp;rft.date=2016-03-31&amp;rft.au=National+Physical+Laboratory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npl.co.uk%2Freference%2Ffaqs%2Fat-what-time-should-clocks-go-forward-or-back-for-summer-time-faq-time&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Joseph Myers (July 17, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jsm28.user.srcf.net/british-time/">"History of legal time in Britain"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+legal+time+in+Britain&amp;rft.date=2009-07-17&amp;rft.au=Joseph+Myers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjsm28.user.srcf.net%2Fbritish-time%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Tom Baldwin (March 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-gets-summertime-blues-as-the-clocks-go-forward-3-weeks-early-d5rjglj28bx">"US gets summertime blues as the clocks go forward 3 weeks early"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times&amp;rft.atitle=US+gets+summertime+blues+as+the+clocks+go+forward+3+weeks+early&amp;rft.date=2007-03-12&amp;rft.au=Tom+Baldwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fus-gets-summertime-blues-as-the-clocks-go-forward-3-weeks-early-d5rjglj28bx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042725/http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html">"Historia de la hora oficial de Chile"</a> (dalam bahasa Spanish). Chilean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service. October 1, 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+hora+oficial+de+Chile&amp;rft.pub=Chilean+Hydrographic+and+Oceanographic+Service&amp;rft.date=2008-10-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horaoficial.cl%2Fhistoria_hora.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005179–180-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005179–180_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;179–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/03/09/arizona-no-daylight-saving-time/98964644/">"Why Arizona doesn't observe daylight-saving time"</a>. <i>usatoday.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=usatoday.com&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Arizona+doesn%27t+observe+daylight-saving+time&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation-now%2F2017%2F03%2F09%2Farizona-no-daylight-saving-time%2F98964644%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Downing_2018-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Downing_2018_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Downing, Michael (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/100-years-later-the-madness-of-daylight-saving-time-endures-93048">"One Hundred Years Later, the Madness of Daylight Saving Time Endures"</a>. The Conversation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=One+Hundred+Years+Later%2C+the+Madness+of+Daylight+Saving+Time+Endures&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.aulast=Downing&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2F100-years-later-the-madness-of-daylight-saving-time-endures-93048&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korch_2015-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Korch_2015_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Korch, Travers (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bankrate.com/finance/personal-finance/financial-history-daylight-saving-1.aspx">"The Financial History of Daylight Saving"</a>. Bankrate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Financial+History+of+Daylight+Saving&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.aulast=Korch&amp;rft.aufirst=Travers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankrate.com%2Ffinance%2Fpersonal-finance%2Ffinancial-history-daylight-saving-1.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&amp;docid=f:publ058.109">"Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58 §&#160;110"</a>. August 8, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Energy+Policy+Act+of+2005%2C+Public+Law+109-58+%C2%A7+110&amp;rft.date=2005-08-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D109_cong_public_laws%26docid%3Df%3Apubl058.109&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Morgan_2017" class="citation news">Morgan, Thad (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/the-sweet-relationship-between-daylight-saving-time-and-halloween">"The Sweet Relationship Between Daylight Saving Time and Halloween"</a>. History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Sweet+Relationship+Between+Daylight+Saving+Time+and+Halloween&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.aulast=Morgan&amp;rft.aufirst=Thad&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-sweet-relationship-between-daylight-saving-time-and-halloween&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Downing-Prerau-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Downing-Prerau_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DST practices and controversies: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFSpring_Forward2005"><i>Spring Forward</i> (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Winston S. Churchill (April 28, 1934). "A silent toast to William Willett". <i>Pictorial Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pictorial+Weekly&amp;rft.atitle=A+silent+toast+to+William+Willett&amp;rft.date=1934-04-28&amp;rft.au=Winston+S.+Churchill&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005117-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005117_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005xi-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005xi_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200512–24-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200512–24_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;12–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200572–73-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200572–73_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–70-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200551–70_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;51–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200580–101-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;200580–101_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;80–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/germany/berlin">"Time Changes in Berlin Over the Years"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&amp;rft.atitle=Time+Changes+in+Berlin+Over+the+Years&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fzone%2Fgermany%2Fberlin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robert Garland (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928063039/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html"><i>Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint</i></a>. Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/30022847">30022847</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">versi asli</a> tanggal September 28, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ten+years+of+daylight+saving+from+the+Pittsburgh+standpoint&amp;rft.pub=Carnegie+Library+of+Pittsburgh&amp;rft.date=1927&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30022847&amp;rft.au=Robert+Garland&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clpgh.org%2Fexhibit%2Fdst.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Spring_Forward&#39;&#39;200547–48-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Spring_Forward&#39;&#39;200547–48_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpring_Forward2005"><i>Spring Forward</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David P. Baron (2005). "The politics of the extension of daylight saving time". <i>Business and its Environment</i> (edisi ke-5th). Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-13-187355-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-13-187355-1">978-0-13-187355-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+politics+of+the+extension+of+daylight+saving+time&amp;rft.btitle=Business+and+its+Environment&amp;rft.edition=5th&amp;rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-13-187355-1&amp;rft.au=David+P.+Baron&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005147–155,_175–180-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE&#39;&#39;Seize_the_Daylight&#39;&#39;2005147–155,_175–180_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeize_the_Daylight2005"><i>Seize the Daylight</i> (2005)</a>, hlm.&#160;147–155, 175–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ian R. Bartky; Elizabeth Harrison (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_1979-05_240_5/page/46">"Standard and daylight-saving time"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>240</b> (5): 46–53. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979SciAm.240e..46B">1979SciAm.240e..46B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0579-46">10.1038/scientificamerican0579-46</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8733">0036-8733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&amp;rft.atitle=Standard+and+daylight-saving+time&amp;rft.volume=240&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=46-53&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.issn=0036-8733&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0579-46&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1979SciAm.240e..46B&amp;rft.au=Ian+R.+Bartky&amp;rft.au=Elizabeth+Harrison&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_scientific-american_1979-05_240_5%2Fpage%2F46&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">May 1965, Minnesota Mayhem.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benfield-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benfield_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James C. Benfield (May 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/science/hsy73325.000/hsy73325_0.HTM">"Statement to the U.S. House, Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Energy"</a>. <i>Energy Conservation Potential of Extended and Double Daylight Saving Time</i>. Serial 107-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Statement+to+the+U.S.+House%2C+Committee+on+Science%2C+Subcommittee+on+Energy&amp;rft.btitle=Energy+Conservation+Potential+of+Extended+and+Double+Daylight+Saving+Time&amp;rft.series=Serial+107-30&amp;rft.date=2001-05-24&amp;rft.au=James+C.+Benfield&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommdocs.house.gov%2Fcommittees%2Fscience%2Fhsy73325.000%2Fhsy73325_0.HTM&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AWaktu+Musim+Panas" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Musim_Panas&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seizethedaylight.com/dst/">Sejarah singkat tentang WMP</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">Pembahasan singkat tentang WMP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070918002338/http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-09-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/b.html">Ketika Kita Mengganti Waktu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221106070924/http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/b.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-11-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/l_031/l_03120010202en00210022.pdf">Arahan Uni Eropa 2000/84/EC</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title="&#160;pranala nonaktif sejak Januari 2022">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/boundaries/a_savingtime.html">Saving Time, Saving Energy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060118025745/http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/boundaries/a_savingtime.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-01-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - Jadwal WMP AS (termasuk peraturan baru berlaku mulai 2007, penjelasan, sejarah)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/time/aboutdst.html">Perubahan WMP di seluruh dunia</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm">Informasi tentang data Waktu Musim Panas, termasuk sejarah dan prediksinya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623013511/http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-06-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/uksumtim.htm">Summer Time</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430000139/http://www.merlyn.demon.co.uk/uksumtim.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-04-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. oleh JR Stockton. Dengan tanggal-tanggal perubahan di Uni Eropa (terakhir tahun 2007, selebihnya harus diperhitungkan)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/inabis98/occupational/coren0164/two.html">Kurang tidur dan kecelakaan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nast.tk">National Association of Standard Time</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/">Greenwich Mean Time: World Time</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050323124320/http://photosydney.blogspot.com/2004/12/daylight-saving.html">PhotoSydney: Daylight Saving</a> mengkaji waktu musim panas di Australia.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/tzedit.zip">Editor Wilayah Waktu untuk Windows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507121354/http://pcdsh01.on.br/tzedit.zip">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-05-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (download .zip)</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Standardtime.com">Situs yang menentang WMP</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐hchr7 Cached time: 20241123135105 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.477 seconds Real time usage: 0.657 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3275/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 110275/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 778/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 84382/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.229/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3901244/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 454.260 1 -total 68.59% 311.589 1 Templat:Reflist 21.07% 95.695 21 Templat:Cite_web 7.89% 35.841 11 Templat:Cite_journal 7.64% 34.720 10 Templat:Cite_book 7.49% 34.023 1 Templat:Kegunaanlain 7.13% 32.388 11 Templat:Cite_news 4.42% 20.091 13 Templat:Sfnp 3.86% 17.539 1 Templat:Multiple_image 3.39% 15.410 1 Templat:DNZB --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key idwiki:pcache:idhash:40679-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123135105 and revision id 26254356. 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