CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913416c56840604b',cH: 'GpuiXnPTuk4hrLFS6rnJdExekHTQ2YuqBNBWcdJizy0-1739777603-1.2.1.1-VeZhFr3Rv18oEcK58lPqmTJlKZTTmns95TxQyI4iiGDIuy1icjYVwd7TckhgCWYJ',cUPMDTk: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/20177\/9202?__cf_chl_tk=FozD16emLs82V3VGADupP65iKW4dv5HNgCPdE37KPAo-1739777603-1.0.1.1-7RFhaJrX6l32RydaStRSfQILSG_HMvc1gsNw6aDo8wQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777603',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/20177\/9202?__cf_chl_f_tk=FozD16emLs82V3VGADupP65iKW4dv5HNgCPdE37KPAo-1739777603-1.0.1.1-7RFhaJrX6l32RydaStRSfQILSG_HMvc1gsNw6aDo8wQ",md: "dXeN.2ToNjK8xeapS0Tezo2pkWXsCk5toN_HPXYMmE4-1739777603-1.2.1.1-rJZtrH5Ndm1iyYkycgn6BQnTrXs7N_71478YwO6dngtfK8nSiaR2d8DOqDDE8EBnuV45KQHl3ObMhxYdmjct9GVrZdlsjqrG6xTKs9fMP6aDLv5nu045i4KWi4i7XfWbzrDH0EUOkU6u2YPDEzUBjnD8blLYFqmnuoaa1HZQuwGeW1iXjGaXw0VVwS.MyqABLZC88RqqFF4j4XO2.De3xtF7vVsQLNML8V50K0cJVnjnT0IkwgkhLXTnxDcgfMY_eaek6rIzSm8RhiC9kqHpU7gkHIjweKsUw7MV6pWL_rUNVVRXv_fdXjtO6ER3rDFJZfQWROxIEJAtTaTwgdiPro7tbIxX52DabXFFs35.KTSpjTxwEPi4NJNjSqR.7zVUON9aLtb.AGdML2s5hOjvjumdSbN2KFcHMJA0xs_Wb0wRA5kowYd1sMBXFa9wzqVlOaQf2qoyXLM_UJFKtGadyyddPXjsv0yif6yPUZiJ8FG.jfLzBDJ9KZRQl0lvrYdx0H_0a_tcEAp.cHgvIzPdzczPw01WvBRtZZcog8SeBSbGGOMmq4TkUB6ZdsOVHyDDdVzIIAWL6exwUjQhZI5ki_A9hc5g7vrwSZnRw9AD1dmue8B6TeOqeRJ9OWnAjnc0dZ3m.N6UbPXRGtrLgCb26GJ.Di31FdlOcSrvNZy8g46ydyCBG7d0mMQBLV0xUmDhWGfkC1k5OjnV15Mrwfcgf7bWhwy0JkctLl2RpbZj.yPq9xam5MNuEkvkqs2Aa1J6y6llkgmMdLCmSZUplR7r_Coq5WtHTh2VM0tcfv3qZHalXCmn6v9Ln3HzoCbjWmn2CwIWFcDfrygrTwLTZVyVnhv4saGK.CFinXDJDqK2rUNw0SJgp_xk7w6HsZSoDGT8fua7PAeGWE10KZTZVQUcNHRtkbwGzXMCz1VTTOyjUydVlUZfBZAP1Guj8gVauz32x2haFHpWVbcM5gVzzQDL0uOA_RnK508fdoENk4xrw7MbcUWwSwWBaOE91Drty5qS_P8u3fJX8exHUzQWJV0tmhucLiOiNe_3KKz.eY.oVwwkRQOxqGg7cfpK8wmPOhbsdLsmZGQYRYMw8cPvx93xJfzjeiZjzSQh7GQfhj._km3XG.0Tvifsi4ogNfgQkS0RP8B5_HIh9OOQ9ia75OMEmXhaobQA.OKjgITNNP.vo4cQVs1eS__zlLKR9XvH9elmBjdthnisXAxmcL3ywsUA.OFuUZ6GfXqSC4W7uLvNRG6aNRQvpmmamsWtr.n0T7_kxnx1PfRZHMtTWF.GzwPQlIz5VoIQHcztsCjKjoR5QrG6x__allTQQYrgCXpFlI5dP4u4EKP8qa0_8mlifu0yFFOqggkxZo9WnQAYwOxM19k4y9Ck8fZn7Mq.6LNfyp.XUCWq454VF4oSPo6LaGSRSs5Q5eb_ZkdJO.CLsEJ.A2LTzAL8dCGwNsNJSbKH9jhbN01Z1Q6IbphCKI_qRlyNSXZ8V7O8atkHvihaTgXZhayyefIE2JdChYFNRj3r2jwV9zfXReMVDgilCiNNjikNK8EfcD8IKtEPCxr834VAkjxcfKegxOEQ.9UGETP5aOOzNpUNJFg2_Fy7rQP74MEQlDeZqfb2BSyBCntIJ2a_dnvO6h3IZcl7bjmOLeMSZPXvBueUz0Ud92I74byYrnZ.LJrAfleFGviK5CYqacuPVwwVIvsfHB6WDvEWdbk11aW9KxTkV2LJ4eOTdDyKK.DJf4EEKWjT10n_jnVsuQSJ11jI9NlJrpktcnnRsvQ0mwYb1UUjLQGii536A4CDjoUhOmvOcURoKbeXOIGSUzFx.rsOdO0Dkq2N.xtoKIXnUU0P6tt76kPnSQ7eLDO4Sw6jX.K4HGF4lTcm1dr7lobz6TbBSN2IQE8HIG8Dq1jFaSlesNnzlHSur6GBD218lgXKs_LIZZgCWZRNP2tqHUPpG.0",mdrd: "YmFJJe1p0xynK.ho4.AXvf4CmHX9FI8aws4mfmrshgQ-1739777603-1.2.1.1-b0leZtDx6zVbSoJGJHNL6noYMsfiPPEUJQ8aa_PUbY550EuGea4QLEJgqFs.J18_SgtBCfN7fNYGYg0UTiLKHmNJwfLW.4KLe_UE5Y.WzQpwI5.Wie_X70oHGAJ8nLmZQ7zkjMhKHupy6jyF3EMzrkUDcEnFO93umL3cU65KT2TWalOit7L5QefAyoX.rJmR.C6gT.IAgyo8TqDaeI3nzF0NYdlwGMpQIeG1T2eKno2qJ66_wBVppT.cs4Nt5V6San2GYc9D_h107N07ES.h5x4200LPTxzEkKDRN5b2ilEECM61.F_gWNPxUXg2ZtHHMdu6TJkESoLsdqlFOSt5XZvCvz3k49T4BaAWI52z608X15hNH.3fD_aybs172ir3fQ.djR7OLUYfkAcg6RklD8QTE1_2yp5.jjInGzVZ_cEQwyVcrbsl0Cm0y5_XXyd7vELuTQCu9Zp1VL1DUwoQORRR8ehOAIxsYmBbPFwEB26xhuDnpKOQhsGwv9_VnGPIzVt3MsXJtDp3pTtXjTTljU0vwkUa1FYfERHO6NNzdkhF3pTrDuQqHnNuaQzZkqROJNQSy_lKRPbay02FzmsdyYsxCOIuNyrHQq3620ua6G6w0WH08.rn3obkGgg9dZi1dE78kXkQq7JJHDtJFT12vBBs_BN3pfFKq2HQm8M2IJpRXaRbgoFXuloC9RyqyTxs7Bv9FcWROqRqyC9Z1VS113HINpUs61z3S42IzQPnJ4fJPtDM6czb7JsPtzcCv_w.1dH_wUho.ec7QAf3nkb5ynNWyyGyAp5tKLPTp3Cp_lOvTU5eO42pCtvL9CSaul3Ys1pDDRvLNUlHVVbWpdi8rr_ni3YLDXsVA3VyhdJWHsAkiT9r6iijRWUBhYF1j27PoucTEbGvyB3gM3V0nRh8m47eySrquOFdoftc8q8jb2jSM1ty6gx15FxC9XmCRa8pUJQLks6Qrd2dWJUBk3PXUfr2bTG447neGrpwk3Bm0qfD0_YV8ZG54N.QxSs5c3y.ysTxg8iECrwf_.E1qnKbaigT9qO2ZJbTa_jDi5m_tstnW28nlM7lbxMIX62rppIlklJ3zBJjYycJiNJ596VdEQq4e6wGap8aUcdPjHhJZB.lZT7eZe6Q4PQdU8VF1cd22GzGHnue750GDfAZcIkNt6jsKuTE2pTRt_HQo2HIso3.ACUuZzhhSRvQqShWHTSHQkroYxnP6fbsIi0qJshhM2XfPqUzz9KKyK8gLTZt4K_ZAf_yf3A9bluN9Y9BtVC9cHT8LKVyj09FFPnT6uzVT_cxtjmxRe73br_5XwgS9TQ39mmgCJnppNUwBSIC0nfpV5igaYNC6bGVIVdLatxuZXlSHLV5rscVINXZ1LViq0HYWgrhHdg7_uv2Dzoc53hyL3jPcpGOL9EDgObYAG06GMvqmy8A_xdOUJSe5LEClVItgmAPFxQDWisJu7IYxR89.dD5IBjhaETRzd4TILoFwxqyqOTDd2hhdJ41hPnld0YhrFpruo8x7JGXGDOa7BZa30nsh2OJ6NibF9tzsCbkbXuQ0MocoVPMY7ZByxriNSmNIbluTru5Stlyy8haXMrBVVaN0GwuZtTU9hUnZ.GX_DW79GGLhseagYLlgDQHhGFcu8yLtP3Ae3_a8cA87QEZb8ALFkuFeXh8zd1p8_dGGIV32mEeaoqAKLSicOy3ug4O1ehhGlzxipbw8L0jt2ab12SXrT4H6a5VZzrpd.SBu0HE8nu6Oad_Dmfti7T1rUuzFaGE8pBG3ArpquxKaAou8PviRCPgbFD0KEY9lL0p4yzqaWmLIuqDypDc0zo4rhXyiQ_0V2FQW6C_txdKU.S5TYPMMexpNlP4gY1oe4MrqTk5uBJqrhi4lEjJ5ytD1wko2BKpSJcpRie2cciJIrfje.HUJbAeX_tlirvhLyKUow"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913416c56840604b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/profile\/submissions\/papers\/create\/20177\/9202?__cf_chl_rt_tk=FozD16emLs82V3VGADupP65iKW4dv5HNgCPdE37KPAo-1739777603-1.0.1.1-7RFhaJrX6l32RydaStRSfQILSG_HMvc1gsNw6aDo8wQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>