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</a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_mujaheddin_afghani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_mujaheddin_afghani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>I mujaheddin afghani</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-I_mujaheddin_afghani-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione I mujaheddin afghani</span> </button> <ul id="toc-I_mujaheddin_afghani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Storia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizzazione_militare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizzazione_militare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Organizzazione militare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizzazione_militare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_mujaheddin_iracheni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_mujaheddin_iracheni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>I mujaheddin iracheni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_mujaheddin_iracheni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_mujaheddin_iraniani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_mujaheddin_iraniani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>I mujaheddin iraniani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_mujaheddin_iraniani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_mujaheddin_bosniaci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_mujaheddin_bosniaci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>I mujaheddin bosniaci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_mujaheddin_bosniaci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mujaheddin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 54 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchahid" title="Muchahid - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Muchahid" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD)" title="مجاهد (مصطلح) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجاهد (مصطلح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCcahid" title="Mücahid - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mücahid" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B6%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Мөжәһид - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөжәһид" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Маджахед - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маджахед" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Муджахидини - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Муджахидини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="মুজাহিদীন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুজাহিদীন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidins" title="Mujahidins - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mujahidins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mujahideen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud%C5%BE%C3%A1hid" title="Mudžáhid - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mudžáhid" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahedin" title="Mujahedin - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mujahedin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudschahid" title="Mudschahid - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mudschahid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Μουτζαχεντίν - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουτζαχεντίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mujahideen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%9Dahidoj" title="Muĝahidoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muĝahidoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muyahid%C3%ADn" title="Muyahidín - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muyahidín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مجاهد - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجاهد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moudjahid" title="Moudjahid - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moudjahid" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxahidin" title="Muxahidin - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Muxahidin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מוג'אהדין - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוג'אהדין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="मुजाहिदीन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुजाहिदीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud%C5%BEahedin" title="Mudžahedin - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mudžahedin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudzs%C3%A1hid" title="Mudzsáhid - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mudzsáhid" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%92%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ムジャーヒディーン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムジャーヒディーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მოჯაჰიდი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოჯაჰიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Муджахидтер - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Муджахидтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%97%A4%EB%94%98" title="무자헤딘 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무자헤딘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C5%BEahedas" title="Modžahedas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Modžahedas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moedjahedien" title="Moedjahedien - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moedjahedien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahedin" title="Mujahedin - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mujahedin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੁਜਾਹਿਦੀਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਜਾਹਿਦੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud%C5%BCahedin" title="Mudżahedin - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mudżahedin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahedini" title="Mujahedini - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mujahedini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Моджахед - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моджахед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud%C5%BEahedin" title="Mudžahedin - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mudžahedin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mujahideen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxhahedin%C3%ABt" title="Muxhahedinët - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muxhahedinët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Муџахедин - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Муџахедин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahidin" title="Mujahidin - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mujahidin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaheddin" title="Mujaheddin - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mujaheddin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="முஜாஹிதீன் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முஜாஹிதீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCcahit" title="Mücahit - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mücahit" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghan_Muja_crossing_from_Saohol_Sar_pass_in_Durand_border_region_of_Pakistan,_August_1985.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Afghan_Muja_crossing_from_Saohol_Sar_pass_in_Durand_border_region_of_Pakistan%2C_August_1985.png/360px-Afghan_Muja_crossing_from_Saohol_Sar_pass_in_Durand_border_region_of_Pakistan%2C_August_1985.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Afghan_Muja_crossing_from_Saohol_Sar_pass_in_Durand_border_region_of_Pakistan%2C_August_1985.png/540px-Afghan_Muja_crossing_from_Saohol_Sar_pass_in_Durand_border_region_of_Pakistan%2C_August_1985.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Afghan_Muja_crossing_from_Saohol_Sar_pass_in_Durand_border_region_of_Pakistan%2C_August_1985.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Mujaheddin al confine del <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mujaheddin</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabo">مجاهدين</span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Arabo" title="Aiuto:Arabo">?</a></sup></span>), erronea traslitterazione giornalistica di <i><b>mujāhidīn</b></i>, pl. di <i>mujāhid</i> (مجاهد): indica "colui/lei che è impegnato/a nel <a href="/wiki/Jih%C4%81d" title="Jihād">jihād</a>" dalla radice semitica "jhd" che significa "forza" o anche, per estensione, "rinforzo". </p><p>A partire dalla seconda metà del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a> tale termine si diffonde nei Paesi occidentali per indicare i guerriglieri d'ispirazione islamica, specie quelli che negli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1980" title="Anni 1980">anni ottanta</a> si opponevano all'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a> nell'ambito della <a href="/wiki/Guerra_in_Afghanistan_(1979-1989)" title="Guerra in Afghanistan (1979-1989)">guerra in Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durante la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile_siriana" title="Guerra civile siriana">guerra civile siriana</a> l'<a href="/wiki/Esercito_dei_Mujaheddin" title="Esercito dei Mujaheddin">esercito dei Mujaheddin</a> è un insieme di gruppi di ribelli anti-governativi impegnati prevalentemente nella lotta all'<a href="/wiki/Stato_Islamico_(organizzazione)" title="Stato Islamico (organizzazione)">ISIS</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo">Islamismo</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Fondamentalismo_islamico" title="Fondamentalismo islamico">Fondamentalismo islamico</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Guerra_mahdista" title="Guerra mahdista">Guerra mahdista</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Alla fine del <a href="/wiki/XX_secolo" title="XX secolo">XX secolo</a>, il termine "mujaheddin" è divenuto popolare sui <a href="/wiki/Mezzo_di_comunicazione_di_massa" title="Mezzo di comunicazione di massa">mass-media</a> per descrivere diversi guerriglieri armati che si ispiravano più o meno appropriatamente alla cultura religiosa <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamica</a>. La parola non implica alcun significato legato ai concetti di "santo" o di "guerriero", dal momento che il vocabolo ha il solo significato di "combattere" per qualcosa di giusto e nobile, non solo per l'Islam quindi ma anche, ad esempio, per la propria patria, ed è quindi per questo che il vocabolo significa anche "patriota", nel senso più laico e nazionalista del termine (<i>al-Mujāhid al-Akbar</i>, "il combattente supremo" era l'espressione usualmente adoperata per il "laico" presidente <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">tunisino</a> <a href="/wiki/Habib_Bourguiba" title="Habib Bourguiba">Habib Bourguiba</a>, mentre l'organo più importante del laico <a href="/wiki/Fronte_di_Liberazione_Nazionale_(Algeria)" title="Fronte di Liberazione Nazionale (Algeria)">FLN algerino</a> era il quotidiano <i>al-Mujāhid</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le parole arabe hanno di solito una radice di tre lettere; la radice di <i>mujāhidīn</i> è J-H-D (<b><span style="font-size: 120%;">ج</span> - <span style="font-size: 120%;">ه</span> - <span style="font-size: 120%;">د</span></b>), che significa "sforzo", ed è la stessa radice di <i><a href="/wiki/Jih%C4%81d" title="Jihād">jihād</a></i> ("impegno doveroso", "sforzo obbligatorio"). Il <i>Mujāhid</i> è quindi in origine qualcuno che compie uno sforzo o che s'impegna in qualcosa. Col tempo il termine ha assunto un significato che è prettamente religioso o militare (o entrambi), per cui lo si può tradurre come "combattente del <i>jihād</i>" oppure, semplicemente, come <i>patriota</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_mujaheddin_afghani">I mujaheddin afghani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione I mujaheddin afghani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: I mujaheddin afghani"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile_in_Afghanistan" title="Guerra civile in Afghanistan">Guerra civile in Afghanistan</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storia_2">Storia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I più noti e temuti tra i mujaheddin furono quelli appartenenti a diversi gruppi d'opposizione, non strettamente legati tra loro, che combatterono contro l'<a href="/wiki/Guerra_in_Afghanistan_(1979-1989)" title="Guerra in Afghanistan (1979-1989)">invasione sovietica dell'Afghanistan</a> tra il 1979 e il 1989, e che si combatterono l'un l'altro nella successiva guerra civile. Questi mujaheddin furono finanziati, armati e addestrati in modo significativo da <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> (durante le presidenze di <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita">Arabia Saudita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reagan fece riferimento a questi mujaheddin come a "combattenti per la libertà [...] che difendono i principi di indipendenza e libertà che formano le basi della sicurezza e della stabilità globali".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, all'epoca facoltoso saudita e terrorista poi, fu un importante organizzatore e finanziatore dei mujaheddin; il suo <a href="/wiki/Maktab_al-Khidamat" title="Maktab al-Khidamat">Maktab al-Khidamat</a> (MAK) <i>(Ufficio dei Servizi)</i> convogliò soldi, armi, e combattenti musulmani provenienti da tutto il mondo in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, con l'assistenza e il supporto dei governi statunitense, pakistano e saudita. Nel <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>, bin Laden lasciò il MAK assieme ad alcuni dei suoi membri più militanti per formare <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaida" title="Al Qaida">al Qaida</a>, allo scopo di espandere la resistenza anti-sovietica in un movimento <a href="/wiki/Fondamentalismo_islamico" title="Fondamentalismo islamico">fondamentalista islamico</a>. </p><p>I mujaheddin "vinsero" quando l'<a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a> ritirò le truppe dall'Afghanistan nel 1989, seguite dalla caduta del regime di <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah" title="Mohammad Najibullah">Mohammad Najibullah</a> nel 1992. I mujaheddin fondarono Lo Stato Islamico dell'Afghanistan nel 1992. Hekmatyar non fece parte del governo a causa delle sue simpatie pakistane e cominciò ad attaccare le altre fazioni. Ciò indebolì i mujahidin che si trovarono a fronteggiare il nuovo movimento dei <a href="/wiki/Talebani" title="Talebani">talebani</a>, fondato nel 1994 da Mohammed Omar che aveva combattuto i sovietici dal 1983 al 1991. Dopo la caduta dello Stato Islamico dell'Afghanistan nel 1996, e l'instaurazione dell'Emirato Islamico dei talebani, i mujahidin si allearono per contrastare la minaccia talebana. I mujahideen formarono l'<a href="/wiki/Fronte_islamico_unito_per_la_salvezza_dell%27Afghanistan" title="Fronte islamico unito per la salvezza dell'Afghanistan">Alleanza del Nord</a> e si scontrarono contro i <a href="/wiki/Talebani" title="Talebani">Talebani</a> per il controllo del paese afghano e iniziò una terribile <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile_in_Afghanistan_(1992-1996)" title="Guerra civile in Afghanistan (1992-1996)">guerra civile</a>. Nonostante i combattenti talebani fossero reclute inesperte, perlopiù provenienti dai campi profughi e dalle scuole religiose del Pakistan, la superiorità numerica verso i mujahidin portò il movimento a controllare il 90% del paese alla vigilia dell'11 settembre. I mujaheddin riguadagnarono il potere dai <a href="/wiki/Talebani" title="Talebani">Talebani</a> nel 2001 con il supporto della NATO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizzazione_militare">Organizzazione militare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Organizzazione militare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Organizzazione militare"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il movimento di resistenza afghana nacque nel caos, si diffuse e trionfò caoticamente, e non trovò un modo per governare differentemente. Praticamente tutte le sue guerre vennero dichiarate localmente da signori della guerra regionali. Con il sofisticarsi della guerra, crebbero l'appoggio esterno e la coordinazione regionale. Anche così, le unità di base delle organizzazioni di mujaheddin e le loro azioni, continuarono a riflettere la natura altamente frammentata della società afghana. </p><p>Nel corso della guerriglia, la leadership venne associata in maniera distintiva con il titolo di "comandante". Questo si applicava a capi indipendenti che evitavano l'identificazione tramite un'elaborata <a href="/wiki/Burocrazia" title="Burocrazia">burocrazia</a> militare associata a gradi come quello di generale. Quando la guerra produsse dei capi che godevano di una certa reputazione, il titolo di "comandante" veniva conferito a capi di unità combattenti di tutte le dimensioni, indicando orgoglio per l'autonomia, auto-sufficienza, e legami distinti con la comunità locale. Il titolo incarnava l'orgoglio afghano nella sua lotta contro un nemico dalla potenza schiacciante. La frammentazione del potere e della leadership religiosa erano i due valori evocati dalla nomenclatura creata dalla guerra. Nessuno dei due era stato favorito dall'ideologia dell'ex stato afghano. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Roy" title="Olivier Roy">Olivier Roy</a> stima che dopo quattro anni di guerra, esistevano almeno 4.000 basi dalle quali operavano le unità di mujaheddin. La maggior parte di queste erano affiliate ai sette partiti espatriati con base in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, che servivano come fonte di rifornimenti e fornivano vari gradi di supervisione. I comandanti più importanti guidavano tipicamente unità di 300 uomini o più, controllavano diverse basi e dominavano un distretto o una suddivisione di una provincia. Si tentò di creare organizzazioni gerarchiche sopra il livello delle basi. Le loro operazioni variavano molto negli obiettivi, i più ambiziosi vennero ottenuti da <a href="/wiki/A%E1%B8%A5mad_Sh%C4%81h_Mas%CA%BF%C5%ABd" title="Aḥmad Shāh Masʿūd">Aḥmad Shāh Masʿūd</a> della Valle del <a href="/wiki/Panjshir" title="Panjshir">Panjshir</a>, a nord di <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>. Egli guidò almeno 10.000 uomini addestrati alla fine della guerra contro i sovietici, e aveva espanso il suo controllo politico delle aree dominate dai <a href="/wiki/Tagiki" title="Tagiki">Tagiki</a> sulle province nordorientali dell'Afghanistan, sotto la supervisione del Consiglio del Nord. </p><p>Roy descrive anche le differenze regionali, etniche e settarie nelle organizzazioni dei mujaheddin. Nelle zone <a href="/wiki/Pashtun" title="Pashtun">Pashtun</a>, ad est, sud e sud-ovest, la struttura tribale, con le sue molte suddivisioni rivali, fornì le basi per l'organizzazione militare e la leadership. La mobilitazione poteva essere facilmente collegata alle tradizionali alleanze delle <i>lashkar</i> (forze combattenti) tribali. In condizioni favorevoli tali formazioni potevano raggiungere rapidamente più di 10.000 uomini, come avvenne quando grossi attacchi sovietici vennero lanciati nelle province orientali, o quando i mujaheddin assediavano le città, come <a href="/wiki/Khowst" title="Khowst">Khowst</a> nella provincia di <a href="/wiki/Paktia" title="Paktia">Paktia</a>. Ma in campagne di quest'ultimo tipo le tradizionali esplosioni di forza lavoro - tradizionalmente comuni subito dopo la fine della mietitura - si rivelarono obsolete quando venivano affrontate da difensori ben asserragliati e con armamenti moderni. La durata dei lashkar era notoriamente breve; pochi assedi ebbero successo. </p><p>La mobilitazione dei mujaheddin nella regione non-Pashtun affrontò ostacoli molto diversi. Prima dell'invasione, pochi non-Pashtun possedevano armi da fuoco. All'inizio della guerra queste erano facilmente disponibili da parte di truppe dell'esercito o della gendarmeria che disertavano o che cadevano in imboscate. Il mercato internazionale delle armi e il supporto militare straniero tesero a raggiungere per ultime queste aree. Nelle regioni settentrionali era sopravvissuta una piccola tradizione militare sulla quale costruire la resistenza armata. La mobilitazione venne principalmente da parte di una leadership politica strettamente legata all'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. </p><p>Roy mette a confronto in modo convincente la leadership sociale delle figure religiose nelle regioni dell'Afghanistan di lingua persiana o turca con quelle dei Pashtun. Mancando di una forte rappresentanza politica in uno stato dominato dai Pashtun, le comunità di minoranza guardavano ai pii dotti e ai carismaticamente riveriti <i>pir</i> (santi) in cerca di leadership. Estese reti <a href="/wiki/Marabutto" title="Marabutto">marabuttiche</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Sufismo" title="Sufismo">sufi</a> si diffusero nelle comunità delle minoranze, prontamente disponibili come basi per il comando, l'organizzazione, la comunicazione e l'indottrinamento. Queste reti fornirono anche la mobilitazione politica, che portò ad alcune delle più efficaci operazioni di resistenza della guerra. </p><p>Molti musulmani da altre nazioni si offrirono volontari per aiutare i vari gruppi di mujaheddin in Afghanistan, e ottennero una significativa esperienza nella guerriglia. Alcuni gruppi di questi veterani sono stati un fattore importante nei più recenti conflitti svoltisi nel mondo musulmano e attorno ad esso. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_mujaheddin_iracheni">I mujaheddin iracheni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione I mujaheddin iracheni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: I mujaheddin iracheni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Più recentemente, il termine viene usato dai guerriglieri che combattono l'occupazione statunitense in Iraq, combattenti che appartengono sia ai <a href="/wiki/Sunnismo" title="Sunnismo">sunniti</a> che agli <a href="/wiki/Sciismo" title="Sciismo">sciiti</a>. Il termine è stato usato in particolare per descrivere i combattenti che hanno resistito all'assedio di <a href="/wiki/Falluja" title="Falluja">Falluja</a> da parte dei <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a> nell'aprile del 2004. Successivamente alla fine dell'assedio, i mujaheddin pattugliarono e fecero rispettare la <a href="/wiki/Shari%27a" title="Shari'a">shari'a</a> in tutta la città ad eccezione del centro dove la Brigata Falluja ha la sua base. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_mujaheddin_iraniani">I mujaheddin iraniani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione I mujaheddin iraniani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: I mujaheddin iraniani"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Mujaheddin_del_popolo_iraniano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujaheddin del popolo iraniano">Mujaheddin del popolo iraniano</a>, nonostante il nome, sono un gruppo laico di opposizione al regime teocratico. L'<a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_dei_Mojahedin_della_Rivoluzione_Islamica" title="Organizzazione dei Mojahedin della Rivoluzione Islamica">Organizzazione dei Mojahedin della Rivoluzione Islamica</a>, invece, sono un gruppo schierato e parte del suddetto regime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_mujaheddin_bosniaci">I mujaheddin bosniaci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione I mujaheddin bosniaci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: I mujaheddin bosniaci"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Mujaheddin bosniaci (bosniaco: Bosanski mudžahedini), detti anche El Mudžahid (dall'arabo: مجاهد, mujāhid), erano volontari musulmani stranieri che hanno combattuto sul lato <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" title="Bosnia">bosniaco</a> (bosniaco musulmano) durante la Guerra Bosniaca del 1992-95. Questi primi arrivati nella Bosnia centrale nella seconda metà del 1992 con l'obiettivo di combattere per l'Islam (come mujaheddin), aiutando i loro correligionari musulmani bosniaci a difendersi dalle forze serbe e croate. Per lo più venivano dal Nord Africa, dal Vicino Oriente e dal Medio Oriente. Le stime dei loro numeri variano da 500-5.000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_mugiahidin/" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/mugiahidin/"><span style="font-style:italic;">mugiāhidīn</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – <a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a> on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2004/6/10/ghost_wars_how_reagan_armed_the"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ghost Wars: How Reagan Armed the Mujahadeen in Afghanistan</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">democracynow.org</span>, 10 giugno 2004. <small>URL consultato il 16 novembre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101116103312/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/32183e.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Message on the Observance of Afghanistan Day</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">reagan.utexas.edu</span>, 21 marzo 1983. <small>URL consultato il 16 novembre 2015</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/32183e.htm">url originale</abbr> il 16 novembre 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/aftoc.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Biblioteca del Congresso: Afghanistan</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lcweb2.loc.gov</span>.</cite></li> <li>Olivier Roy, <i>Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="colonne"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_islamica_egiziana" title="Jihad islamica egiziana">Jihad islamica egiziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fratelli_Musulmani" title="Fratelli Musulmani">Fratelli Musulmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Banna" title="Hasan al-Banna">Hasan al-Banna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">Yusuf al-Qaradawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corano" title="Corano">Corano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shari%27a" title="Shari'a">Shari'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth" title="Ḥadīth">ḥadīth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaat-e-Islami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaat-e-Islami (la pagina non esiste)">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-A%27la_Maududi" title="Abu l-A'la Maududi">Abu l-A'la Maududi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAbd_All%C4%81h_al-%CA%BFAzz%C4%81m" title="ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAzzām">ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAzzām</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khurshid_Ahmad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khurshid Ahmad (la pagina non esiste)">Khurshid Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dottrina_Reagan" title="Dottrina Reagan">Dottrina Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaida" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qaida">Al-Qaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movimento_per_il_Jihad_Islamico_in_Palestina" title="Movimento per il Jihad Islamico in Palestina">Movimento per il Jihad Islamico in Palestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam" title="Ansar al-Islam">Ansar al-Islam</a>, poi <i>Ansar al sunna</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Activities_Center" title="Special Activities Center">Special Activities Center</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mujaheddin" class="extiw" title="q:Mujaheddin">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Mujahideen"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mujahideen?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mujaheddin" class="extiw" title="q:Mujaheddin">mujaheddin</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mujahideen?uselang=it">mujaheddin</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mujahidin_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">mujahidin</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42759#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/mujahideen-Islam"><span style="font-style:italic;">mujahideen</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/mujahideen-Afghani-rebels"><span style="font-style:italic;">mujahideen (altra versione)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42759#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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<div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&oldid=141980734">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mujaheddin&oldid=141980734</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Jih%C4%81d" title="Categoria:Jihād">Jihād</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Espressioni_comuni_della_lingua_araba" title="Categoria:Espressioni comuni della lingua araba">Espressioni comuni della lingua araba</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P6404_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P6404 letta da Wikidata">P6404 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta 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