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paint</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: antifouling paint"> <meta name="keywords" content="antifouling paint"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="antifouling paint"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 124</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: antifouling paint</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Barriers for Sustainable Consumption of Antifouling Products in the Baltic Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bianca%20Koroschetz">Bianca Koroschetz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emma%20M%C3%A4enp%C3%A4%C3%A4"> Emma Mäenpää</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to study consumer practices and meanings of different antifouling methods in order to identify the main barriers for sustainable consumption of antifouling products in the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is considered to be an important tourism area. More than 3.5 million leisure boaters use the sea for recreational boating. Most leisure boat owners use toxic antifouling paint to keep barnacles from attaching to the hull. Attached barnacles limit maneuverability and add drag which in turn increases fuel costs. Antifouling paint used to combat barnacles causes particular problems, as the use of these products continuously adds to the distribution of biocides in the coastal ecosystem and leads to the death of marine organisms. To keep the Baltic Sea as an attractive tourism area measures need to be undertaken to stop the pollution coming from toxic antifouling paints. The antifouling market contains a wide range of environment-friendly alternative products such as a brush wash for boats, hand scrubbing devices, hull covers and boat lifts. Unfortunately, not a lot of boat owners use these environment-friendly alternatives and instead prefer the use of the traditional toxic copper paints. We ask “Why is the unsustainable consumption of toxic paints still predominant when there is a big range of environment-friendly alternatives available? What are the barriers for sustainable consumption?” Environmental psychology has concentrated on developing models of human behavior, including the main factors that influence pro-environmental behavior. The main focus of these models was directed to the individual’s attitudes, principals, and beliefs. However, social practice theory emphasizes the importance to study practices, as they have a stronger explanatory power than attitude-behavior to explain unsustainable consumer behavior. Thus, the study focuses on describing the material, meaning and competence of antifouling practice in order to understand the social and cultural embeddedness of the practice. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with boat owners using antifouling products such as paints and alternative methods. This data collection was supplemented with participant observations in marinas. Preliminary results indicate that different factors such as costs, traditions, advertising, frequency of use, marinas and application of method impact on the consumption of antifouling products. The findings have shown that marinas have a big influence on the consumption of antifouling goods. Some marinas are very active in supporting the sustainable consumption of antifouling products as for example in Stockholm area several marinas subsidize costs for using environmental friendly alternatives or even forbid toxic paints. Furthermore the study has revealed that environmental friendly methods are very effective and do not have to be more expensive than painting with toxic paints. This study contributes to a broader understanding why the unsustainable consumption of toxic paints is still predominant when a big range of environment-friendly alternatives exist. Answers to this phenomenon will be gained by studying practices instead of attitudes offering a new perspective on environmental issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20paint" title="antifouling paint">antifouling paint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baltic%20Sea" title=" Baltic Sea"> Baltic Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boat%20tourism" title=" boat tourism"> boat tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20consumption" title=" sustainable consumption"> sustainable consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46089/barriers-for-sustainable-consumption-of-antifouling-products-in-the-baltic-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Recovery and Εncapsulation of Μarine Derived Antifouling Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Stramarkou">Marina Stramarkou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Papadaki"> Sofia Papadaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Kaloupi"> Maria Kaloupi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Batzakas"> Ioannis Batzakas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biofouling is a complex problem of the aquaculture industry, as it reduces the efficiency of the equipment and causes significant losses of cultured organisms. Nowadays, the current antifouling methods are proved to be labor intensive, have limited lifetime and use toxic substances that result in fish mortality. Several species of marine algae produce a wide variety of biogenic compounds with antibacterial and antifouling properties, which are effective in the prevention and control of biofouling and can be incorporated in antifouling coatings. In the present work, Fucus spiralis, a species of macro algae, and Chlorella vulgaris, a well-known species of microalgae, were used for the isolation and recovery of bioactive compounds, belonging to groups of fatty acids, lipopeptides and amides. The recovery of the compounds was achieved through the application of the ultrasound- assisted extraction, an environmentally friendly method, using green, non-toxic solvents. Moreover, the coating of the antifouling agents was done by innovative encapsulation and coating methods, such as electro-hydrodynamic process. For the encapsulation of the bioactive compounds natural matrices were used, such as polysaccharides and proteins. Water extracts that were incorporated in protein matrices were considered the most efficient antifouling coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title="algae">algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound-assisted%20extraction" title=" ultrasound-assisted extraction"> ultrasound-assisted extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69052/recovery-and-encapsulation-of-marine-derived-antifouling-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> A Focused, High-Intensity Spread-Spectrum Ultrasound Solution to Prevent Biofouling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20T.%20Sassler">Alan T. Sassler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biofouling is a significant issue for ships, especially those based in warm water ports. Biofouling damages hull coatings, degrades platform hydrodynamics, blocks cooling water intakes, and returns, reduces platform range and speed, and increases fuel consumption. Although platforms are protected to some degree by antifouling paints, these paints are much less effective on stationary platforms, and problematic biofouling can occur on antifouling paint-protected stationary platforms in some environments in as little as a matter of weeks. Remediation hull cleaning operations are possible, but they are very expensive, sometimes result in damage to the vessel’s paint or hull and are generally not completely effective. Ultrasound with sufficient intensity focused on specific frequency ranges can be used to prevent the growth of biofouling organisms. The use of ultrasound to prevent biofouling isn't new, but systems to date have focused on protecting platforms by shaking the hull using internally mounted transducers similar to those used in ultrasonic cleaning machines. While potentially effective, this methodology doesn't scale well to large platforms, and there are significant costs associated with installing and maintaining these systems, which dwarf the initial purchase price. An alternative approach has been developed, which uses highly directional pier-mounted transducers to project high-intensity spread-spectrum ultrasonic energy into the water column focused near the surface. This focused energy has been shown to prevent biofouling at ranges of up to 50 meters from the source. Spreading the energy out over a multi-kilohertz band makes the system both more effective and more environmentally friendly. This system has been shown to be both effective and inexpensive in small-scale testing and is now being characterized on a larger scale in selected marinas. To date, test results have been collected in Florida marinas suggesting that this approach can be used to keep ensonified areas of thousands of square meters free from biofouling, although care must be taken to minimize shaded areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofouling" title="biofouling">biofouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally%20friendly%20antifoulant" title=" environmentally friendly antifoulant"> environmentally friendly antifoulant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20protection" title=" marine protection"> marine protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling" title=" antifouling"> antifouling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176749/a-focused-high-intensity-spread-spectrum-ultrasound-solution-to-prevent-biofouling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Influence of the Paint Coating Thickness in Digital Image Correlation Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jes%C3%BAs%20A.%20P%C3%A9rez">Jesús A. Pérez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20Coppieters"> Sam Coppieters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitri%20Debruyne"> Dimitri Debruyne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past decade, the use of digital image correlation (DIC) techniques has increased significantly in the area of experimental mechanics, especially for materials behavior characterization. This non-contact tool enables full field displacement and strain measurements over a complete region of interest. The DIC algorithm requires a random contrast pattern on the surface of the specimen in order to perform properly. To create this pattern, the specimen is usually first coated using a white matt paint. Next, a black random speckle pattern is applied using any suitable method. If the applied paint coating is too thick, its top surface may not be able to exactly follow the deformation of the specimen, and consequently, the strain measurement might be underestimated. In the present article, a study of the influence of the paint thickness on the strain underestimation is performed for different strain levels. The results are then compared to typical paint coating thicknesses applied by experienced DIC users. A slight strain underestimation was observed for paint coatings thicker than about 30μm. On the other hand, this value was found to be uncommonly high compared to coating thicknesses applied by DIC users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20correlation" title="digital image correlation">digital image correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint%20coating%20thickness" title=" paint coating thickness"> paint coating thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26162/influence-of-the-paint-coating-thickness-in-digital-image-correlation-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Energy Saving of the Paint with Mineral Insulators: Simulation and Study on Different Climates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Azemati">A. A. Azemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hosseini"> H. Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Shirkavand%20Hadavand"> B. Shirkavand Hadavand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By using an adequate thermal barrier coating in buildings the energy saving will be happened. In this study, a range of wall paints with different absorption coefficient in different climates has been investigated. In order to study these effects, heating and cooling loads of a common building with different ordinary paints and paint with mineral coating have been calculated. The effect of building paint in different climatic condition was studied and comparison was done between ordinary paints and paint with mineral insulators in temperate climate to obtain optimized energy consumption. The results have been shown that coatings with inorganic micro particles as insulation reduce the energy consumption of buildings around 14%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic" title=" inorganic"> inorganic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20coating" title=" mineral coating"> mineral coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42325/energy-saving-of-the-paint-with-mineral-insulators-simulation-and-study-on-different-climates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Simulation and Study of the Effect of Paint Mineral Coating on Energy Saving </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Azemati">A. A. Azemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hosseini"> H. Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By using an adequate paint in buildings, energy consumption can be decreased. In this research, a range of wall paints in different climatic conditions has been investigated to observe its effect on energy consumption. In the current study, the researchers have investigated the effect of different parameters including climatic condition, absorption coefficient, and thermal loads on paint coating. In order to study these effects, heating and cooling loads of a typical building with different color paints have been calculated. The effect of building paint in different climatic condition was studied and a comparison was drawn between paints and painting coats with inorganic micro particles in temperate climate to obtain optimized energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title="climate">climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inorganic" title=" inorganic"> inorganic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=painting%20coats" title=" painting coats"> painting coats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34125/simulation-and-study-of-the-effect-of-paint-mineral-coating-on-energy-saving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Kinetic Evaluation of Biodegradability of Paint Shop Wastewater of a Bus Production Factory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didem%20G%C3%BCven">Didem Güven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oytun%20Hanhan"> Oytun Hanhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Ceren%20Aksoy"> Elif Ceren Aksoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Ubay%20%C3%87okg%C3%B6r"> Emine Ubay Çokgör</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a biological treatability study ofpaintshopwastewaterof a bus factory by an anoxic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor.A lab scale 14L SBR system was implementedto investigate carbon and nitrogen removal performance frompaint shop waste streams combined with domestic and process wastewater of a bus production factory in Istanbul (Turkey).The wastewater collected from decanters of the paint boots and pre-treatmentplant was usedforthefeeding of SBR. The reactor was operated with a total hydraulic retention time of 24 hrs, and a total sludge age of 18.7 days. Initially the efficiency and stability of the reactor were studied when fed with main wastewater stream to simulate the current wastewater treatment plant. Removal efficiency of 57% nitrogen and 90% COD were obtained. Once the paint shop wastewater was introduced to mainstream feeding with a ratio of 1:5, nitrification completely, carbon removal were partially inhibited. SBR system was successful to handle even at very high COD concentrations of paint shop wastewater after feeding of 2 months, with an average effluent COD of 100 mg/L. For the determination of kinetic parameters, respirometric analysis was also conducted with/without paint shop wastewater addition. Model simulation indicated lower maximum specific growth and hydrolysis rates when paint shop wastewater was mixed with the mainstream wastewater of the factory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatability" title="biological treatability">biological treatability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20removal" title=" nitrogen removal"> nitrogen removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint%20shop%20wastewater" title=" paint shop wastewater"> paint shop wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing%20batch%20reactor" title=" sequencing batch reactor"> sequencing batch reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44831/kinetic-evaluation-of-biodegradability-of-paint-shop-wastewater-of-a-bus-production-factory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Characterization, Replication and Testing of Designed Micro-Textures, Inspired by the Brill Fish, Scophthalmus rhombus, for the Development of Bioinspired Antifouling Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chloe%20Richards">Chloe Richards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Delgado%20Ollero"> Adrian Delgado Ollero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Delaure"> Yan Delaure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiona%20Regan"> Fiona Regan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Growing concern about the natural environment has accelerated the search for non-toxic, but at the same time, economically reasonable, antifouling materials. Bioinspired surfaces, due to their nano and micro topographical antifouling capabilities, provide a hopeful approach to the design of novel antifouling surfaces. Biological organisms are known to have highly evolved and complex topographies, demonstrating antifouling potential, i.e. shark skin. Previous studies have examined the antifouling ability of topographic patterns, textures and roughness scales found on natural organisms. One of the mechanisms used to explain the adhesion of cells to a substrate is called attachment point theory. Here, the fouling organism experiences increased attachment where there are multiple attachment points and reduced attachment, where the number of attachment points are decreased. In this study, an attempt to characterize the microtopography of the common brill fish, Scophthalmus rhombus, was undertaken. Scophthalmus rhombus is a small flatfish of the family Scophthalmidae, inhabiting regions from Norway to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. They reside in shallow sandy and muddy coastal areas at depths of around 70 – 80 meters. Six engineered surfaces (inspired by the Brill fish scale) produced by a 2-photon polymerization (2PP) process were evaluated for their potential as an antifouling solution for incorporation onto tidal energy blades. The micro-textures were analyzed for their AF potential under both static and dynamic laboratory conditions using two laboratory grown diatom species, Amphora coffeaeformis and Nitzschia ovalis. The incorporation of a surface topography was observed to cause a disruption in the growth of A. coffeaeformis and N. ovalis cells on the surface in comparison to control surfaces. This work has demonstrated the importance of understanding cell-surface interaction, in particular, topography for the design of novel antifouling technology. The study concluded that biofouling can be controlled by physical modification, and has contributed significant knowledge to the use of a successful novel bioinspired AF technology, based on Brill, for the first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attachment%20point%20theory" title="attachment point theory">attachment point theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofouling" title=" biofouling"> biofouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scophthalmus%20rhombus" title=" Scophthalmus rhombus"> Scophthalmus rhombus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154168/characterization-replication-and-testing-of-designed-micro-textures-inspired-by-the-brill-fish-scophthalmus-rhombus-for-the-development-of-bioinspired-antifouling-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Fabrication of Titanium Diboride-Based High Emissive Paint Coating Using Economical Dip Coating Method for High Temperature Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atasi%20Dan">Atasi Dan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamanio%20Chattopadhyay"> Kamanio Chattopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikramjit%20Basu"> Bikramjit Basu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cost-effective titanium diboride (TiB2) paint coating has been developed on stainless steel substrate using commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder by convenient dip-coating technique. The emittance of the coating has been explored by tailoring various process parameters to obtain highest thermal radiation. The optimized coating has achieved a high thermal emittance of 0.85. In addition, the coating exhibited an excellent thermal stability while heat-treated at 500 °C in air. Along with the emittance, the structural and physical properties of the As-deposited and heat-treated coatings have been investigated systematically. The high temperature annealing has not affected the emittance, chemical composition and morphology of the coating significantly. Hence, the fabricated paint coating is expected to open up new possibilities for using it as a low-cost, thermally stable emitter in high temperature applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20diboride" title="titanium diboride">titanium diboride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emittance" title=" emittance"> emittance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint%20coating" title=" paint coating"> paint coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20stability" title=" thermal stability"> thermal stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61044/fabrication-of-titanium-diboride-based-high-emissive-paint-coating-using-economical-dip-coating-method-for-high-temperature-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Novel Self-Healing Eco-Friendly Coatings with Antifouling and Anticorrosion Properties for Maritime Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20Kipreou">K. N. Kipreou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Efthmiadou"> E. Efthmiadou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kordas"> G. Kordas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biofouling represents one of the most crucial problems in the present maritime industries when its control still challenges the researchers all over the world. The present work is referred to the synthesis and characterization CeMo and Cu2O nanocontainers by using a wide range of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for marine applications. The above nanosystems will be loaded with active monomers and corrosion rendering healing ability to marine paints. The objective of this project is their ability for self-healing, self-polishing and finally for anti-corrosion activity. One of the driving forces for the exploration of CeMo, is the unique anticorrosive behavior, which will be confirmed by the electrochemistry methodology. It has be highlighted that the nanocontainers of Cu2O with the appropriate antibacterial inhibitor will improve the hydrophobicity and the morphology of the coating surfaces reducing the water friction. In summary, both novel nanoc will increase the lifetime of the paints releasing the antifouling agent in a control manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marinepaints" title="marinepaints">marinepaints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocontainer" title=" nanocontainer"> nanocontainer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling" title=" antifouling"> antifouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticorrosion" title=" anticorrosion"> anticorrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemistry" title=" electrochemistry"> electrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofouling" title=" biofouling"> biofouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitors" title=" inhibitors"> inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20oxide" title=" copper oxide"> copper oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38348/novel-self-healing-eco-friendly-coatings-with-antifouling-and-anticorrosion-properties-for-maritime-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Evaluation of an Organic Coating Applied on Algerian Oil Tanker in Sea water by EIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Hammouda">Nadia Hammouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Belmokre"> Kamel Belmokre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic coatings are widely employed in the corrosion protection of most metal surfaces, particularly steel. They provide a barrier against corrosive species present in the environment, due to their high resistance to oxygen, water and ions transport. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion protection performance of epoxy paint on the carbon steel surface in sea water by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behavior of painted surface was estimated by EIS parameters that contained paint film resistance, paint film capacitance and double layer capacitance. On the basis of calculation using EIS spectrums it was observed that pore resistance (Rpore) decreased with the appearance of doubled layer capacitance (Cdl) due to the electrolyte penetration through the film. This was further confirmed by the decrease of diffusion resistance (Rd) which was also the indicator of the deterioration of paint film protectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20paints" title="epoxy paints">epoxy paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title=" carbon steel"> carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20mechanisms" title=" corrosion mechanisms"> corrosion mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater" title=" seawater"> seawater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25115/evaluation-of-an-organic-coating-applied-on-algerian-oil-tanker-in-sea-water-by-eis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Study of the Behavior of an Organic Coating Applied on Algerian Oil Tanker in Sea Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Hammouda">Nadia Hammouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Belmokre"> K. Belmokre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic coatings are widely employed in the corrosion protection of most metal surfaces, particularly steel. They provide a barrier against corrosive species present in the environment, due to their high resistance to oxygen, water and ions transport. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion protection performance of epoxy paint on the carbon steel surface in sea water by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behavior of painted surface was estimated by EIS parameters that contained paint film resistance, paint film capacitance and double layer capacitance. On the basis of calculation using EIS spectrums it was observed that pore resistance (Rpore) decreased with the appearance of doubled layer capacitance (Cdl) due to the electrolyte penetration through the film. This was further confirmed by the decrease of diffusion resistance (Rd) which was also the indicator of the deterioration of paint film protectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20paints" title="epoxy paints">epoxy paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title=" carbon steel"> carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20mechanisms" title=" corrosion mechanisms"> corrosion mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20water" title=" sea water"> sea water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24263/study-of-the-behavior-of-an-organic-coating-applied-on-algerian-oil-tanker-in-sea-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> EIS Study of the Corrosion Behavior of an Organic Coating Applied on Algerian Oil Tanker in Sea Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Hammouda">Nadia Hammouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Belmokre"> Kamel Belmokre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic coatings are widely employed in the corrosion protection of most metal surfaces, particularly steel. They provide a barrier against corrosive species present in the environment, due to their high resistance to oxygen, water and ions transport. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion protection performance of epoxy paint on the carbon steel surface in sea water by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behavior of painted surface was estimated by EIS parameters that contained paint film resistance, paint film capacitance and double layer capacitance. On the basis of calculation using EIS spectrums it was observed that pore resistance (Rpore) decreased with the appearance of doubled layer capacitance (Cdl) due to the electrolyte penetration through the film. This was further confirmed by the decrease of diffusion resistance (Rd) which was also the indicator of the deterioration of paint film protectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20paints" title="epoxy paints">epoxy paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20steel" title=" carbon steel"> carbon steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20mechanisms" title=" corrosion mechanisms"> corrosion mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20water" title=" sea water"> sea water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24267/eis-study-of-the-corrosion-behavior-of-an-organic-coating-applied-on-algerian-oil-tanker-in-sea-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Synthesis of High-Antifouling Ultrafiltration Polysulfone Membranes Incorporating Low Concentrations of Graphene Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulqader%20Alkhouzaam">Abdulqader Alkhouzaam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazim%20Qiblawey"> Hazim Qiblawey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majeda%20Khraisheh"> Majeda Khraisheh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane treatment for desalination and wastewater treatment is one of the promising solutions to affordable clean water. It is a developing technology throughout the world and considered as the most effective and economical method available. However, the limitations of membranes’ mechanical and chemical properties restrict their industrial applications. Hence, developing novel membranes was the focus of most studies in the water treatment and desalination sector to find new materials that can improve the separation efficiency while reducing membrane fouling, which is the most important challenge in this field. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the materials that have been recently investigated in the membrane water treatment sector. In this work, ultrafiltration polysulfone (PSF) membranes with high antifouling properties were synthesized by incorporating different loadings of GO. High-oxidation degree GO had been synthesized using a modified Hummers' method. The synthesized GO was characterized using different analytical techniques including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - universal attenuated total reflectance sensor (FTIR-UATR), Raman spectroscopy, and CHNSO elemental analysis. CHNSO analysis showed a high oxidation degree of GO represented by its oxygen content (50 wt.%). Then, ultrafiltration PSF membranes incorporating GO were fabricated using the phase inversion technique. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and showed a clear effect of GO on PSF physical structure and morphology. The water contact angle of the membranes was measured and showed better hydrophilicity of GO membranes compared to pure PSF caused by the hydrophilic nature of GO. Separation properties of the prepared membranes were investigated using a cross-flow membrane system. Antifouling properties were studied using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA) as model foulants. It has been found that GO-based membranes exhibit higher antifouling properties compared to pure PSF. When using BSA, the flux recovery ratio (FRR %) increased from 65.4 ± 0.9 % for pure PSF to 84.0 ± 1.0 % with a loading of 0.05 wt.% GO in PSF. When using HA as model foulant, FRR increased from 87.8 ± 0.6 % to 93.1 ± 1.1 % with 0.02 wt.% of GO in PSF. The pure water permeability (PWP) decreased with loadings of GO from 181.7 L.m⁻².h⁻¹.bar⁻¹ of pure PSF to 181.1, and 157.6 L.m⁻².h⁻¹.bar⁻¹ with 0.02 and 0.05 wt.% GO respectively. It can be concluded from the obtained results that incorporating low loading of GO could enhance the antifouling properties of PSF hence improving its lifetime and reuse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20properties" title="antifouling properties">antifouling properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GO%20based%20membranes" title=" GO based membranes"> GO based membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilicity" title=" hydrophilicity"> hydrophilicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysulfone" title=" polysulfone"> polysulfone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafiltration" title=" ultrafiltration"> ultrafiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116407/synthesis-of-high-antifouling-ultrafiltration-polysulfone-membranes-incorporating-low-concentrations-of-graphene-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Improved Signal-To-Noise Ratio by the 3D-Functionalization of Fully Zwitterionic Surface Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Van%20Andel">Esther Van Andel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20C.%20Lange"> Stefanie C. Lange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maarten%20M.%20J.%20Smulders"> Maarten M. J. Smulders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Han%20Zuilhof"> Han Zuilhof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> False outcomes of diagnostic tests are a major concern in medical health care. To improve the reliability of surface-based diagnostic tests, it is of crucial importance to diminish background signals that arise from the non-specific binding of biomolecules, a process called fouling. The aim is to create surfaces that repel all biomolecules except the molecule of interest. This can be achieved by incorporating antifouling protein repellent coatings in between the sensor surface and it’s recognition elements (e.g. antibodies, sugars, aptamers). Zwitterionic polymer brushes are considered excellent antifouling materials, however, to be able to bind the molecule of interest, the polymer brushes have to be functionalized and so far this was only achieved at the expense of either antifouling or binding capacity. To overcome this limitation, we combined both features into one single monomer: a zwitterionic sulfobetaine, ensuring antifouling capabilities, equipped with a clickable azide moiety which allows for further functionalization. By copolymerizing this monomer together with a standard sulfobetaine, the number of azides (and with that the number of recognition elements) can be tuned depending on the application. First, the clickable azido-monomer was synthesized and characterized, followed by copolymerizing this monomer to yield functionalizable antifouling brushes. The brushes were fully characterized using surface characterization techniques like XPS, contact angle measurements, G-ATR-FTIR and XRR. As a proof of principle, the brushes were subsequently functionalized with biotin via strain-promoted alkyne azide click reactions, which yielded a fully zwitterionic biotin-containing 3D-functionalized coating. The sensing capacity was evaluated by reflectometry using avidin and fibrinogen containing protein solutions. The surfaces showed excellent antifouling properties as illustrated by the complete absence of non-specific fibrinogen binding, while at the same time clear responses were seen for the specific binding of avidin. A great increase in signal-to-noise ratio was observed, even when the amount of functional groups was lowered to 1%, compared to traditional modification of sulfobetaine brushes that rely on a 2D-approach in which only the top-layer can be functionalized. This study was performed on stoichiometric silicon nitride surfaces for future microring resonator based assays, however, this methodology can be transferred to other biosensor platforms which are currently being investigated. The approach presented herein enables a highly efficient strategy for selective binding with retained antifouling properties for improved signal-to-noise ratios in binding assays. The number of recognition units can be adjusted to a specific need, e.g. depending on the size of the analyte to be bound, widening the scope of these functionalizable surface coatings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling" title="antifouling">antifouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal-to-noise%20ratio" title=" signal-to-noise ratio"> signal-to-noise ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20functionalization" title=" surface functionalization"> surface functionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zwitterionic%20polymer%20brushes" title=" zwitterionic polymer brushes"> zwitterionic polymer brushes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62532/improved-signal-to-noise-ratio-by-the-3d-functionalization-of-fully-zwitterionic-surface-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Spent Paint Solvent Recoveries by Ionic Liquids: Potential for Industrial Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mbongeni%20Mabaso">Mbongeni Mabaso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kandasamy%20Moodley"> Kandasamy Moodley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gan%20Redhi"> Gan Redhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recovery of industrially valuable organic solvents from liquid waste, generated in chemical processes, is economically crucial to countries which need to import organic solvents. In view of this, the main objective of this study was to determine the ability of selected ionic liquids, namely, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate, [EMIM] [ESO4] and 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethylsulphate, [EMpy][ESO4] to recover aromatic components from spent paint solvents. Preliminary studies done on the liquid waste, received from a paint manufacturing company, showed that the aromatic components were present in the range 6 - 21 % by volume. The separation of the aromatic components was performed with the ionic liquids listed above. The phases, resulting from the separation of the mixtures, were analysed with a Gas Chromatograph (GC) coupled to a FID detector. Chromatograms illustrate that the chosen ZB-Wax-Plus column gave excellent separation of all components of interest from the mixtures, including the isomers of xylene. The concentrations of aromatics recovered from the spent solvents were found to be the % ranges 13-33 and 23-49 respectively for imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids. These results also show that there is a significant correlation between π-character of ionic liquids and the level of extraction. It is therefore concluded that ionic liquids have the potential for macro-scale recovery of re-useable solvents present in liquid waste emanating from paint manufacture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title="synthesis">synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidazolium" title=" imidazolium"> imidazolium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyridinium" title=" pyridinium"> pyridinium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatic%20solvents" title=" aromatic solvents"> aromatic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20paint%20organic%20solvents" title=" spent paint organic solvents"> spent paint organic solvents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39343/spent-paint-solvent-recoveries-by-ionic-liquids-potential-for-industrial-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39343.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Phospholipid Cationic and Zwitterionic Compounds as Potential Non-Toxic Antifouling Agents: A Study of Biofilm Formation Assessed by Micro-titer Assays with Marine Bacteria and Eco-toxicological Effect on Marine Microalgae</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Malouch">D. Malouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Berchel"> M. Berchel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Dreanno"> C. Dreanno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Stachowski-Haberkorn"> S. Stachowski-Haberkorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-A.%20Jaffres"> P-A. Jaffres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biofouling is a complex natural phenomenon that involves biological, physical and chemical properties related to the environment, the submerged surface and the living organisms involved. Bio-colonization of artificial structures can cause various economic and environmental impacts. The increase in costs associated with the over-consumption of fuel from biocolonized vessels has been widely studied. Measurement drifts from submerged sensors, as well as obstructions in heat exchangers, and deterioration of offshore structures are major difficulties that industries are dealing with. Therefore, surfaces that inhibit biocolonization are required in different areas (water treatment, marine paints, etc.) and many efforts have been devoted to produce efficient and eco-compatible antifouling agents. The different steps of surface fouling are widely described in literature. Studying the biofilm and its stages provides a better understanding of how to elaborate more efficient antifouling strategies. Several approaches are currently applied, such as the use of biocide anti-fouling paint (mainly with copper derivatives) and super-hydrophobic coatings. While these two processes are proving to be the most effective, they are not entirely satisfactory, especially in a context of a changing legislation. Nowadays, the challenge is to prevent biofouling with non-biocide compounds, offering a cost effective solution, but with no toxic effects on marine organisms. Since the micro-fouling phase plays an important role in the regulation of the following steps of biofilm formation, it is desired to reduce or delate biofouling of a given surface by inhibiting the micro-fouling at its early stages. In our recent works, we reported that some amphiphilic compounds exhibited bacteriostatic or bactericidal properties at a concentration that did not affect mammalian eukaryotic cells. These remarkable properties invited us to assess this type of bio-inspired phospholipids to prevent the colonization of surfaces by marine bacteria. Of note, other studies reported that amphiphilic compounds interacted with bacteria leading to a reduction of their development. An amphiphilic compound is a molecule consisting of a hydrophobic domain and a polar head (ionic or non-ionic). These compounds appear to have interesting antifouling properties: some ionic compounds have shown antimicrobial activity, and zwitterions can reduce nonspecific adsorption of proteins. Herein, we investigate the potential of amphiphilic compounds as inhibitors of bacterial growth and marine biofilm formation. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of four synthetic phospholipids that features a cationic charge or a zwitterionic polar-head group to prevent microfouling with marine bacteria. Toxicity of these compounds was also studied in order to identify the most promising compounds that inhibit biofilm development and show low cytotoxicity on two links representative of coastal marine food webs: phytoplankton and oyster larvae. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphiphilic%20phospholipids" title="amphiphilic phospholipids">amphiphilic phospholipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title=" biofilm"> biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fouling" title=" marine fouling"> marine fouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-toxique%20assays" title=" non-toxique assays"> non-toxique assays</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144772/phospholipid-cationic-and-zwitterionic-compounds-as-potential-non-toxic-antifouling-agents-a-study-of-biofilm-formation-assessed-by-micro-titer-assays-with-marine-bacteria-and-eco-toxicological-effect-on-marine-microalgae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Electrospun TiO2/Nylon-6 Nanofiber Mat: Improved Hydrophilicity Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshank%20Haghighat">Roshank Haghighat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laleh%20Maleknia"> Laleh Maleknia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, electrospun TiO2/nylon-6 nanofiber mats were successfully prepared. The nanofiber mats were characterized by SEM, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, WCA, and EDX analyses. The results revealed that fibers in different distinct sizes (nano and subnano scale) were obtained with the electrospinning parameters. The presence of a small amount of TiO2 in nylon-6 solution was found to improve the hydrophilicity (antifouling effect), mechanical strength, antimicrobial and UV protecting ability of electrospun mats. The resultant nylon-6/TiO2 antimicrobial spider-net like composite mat with antifouling effect may be a potential candidate for future water filter applications, and its improved UV blocking ability will also make it a potential candidate for protective clothing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilicity" title=" hydrophilicity"> hydrophilicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nylon-6%2FTiO2" title=" nylon-6/TiO2"> nylon-6/TiO2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34568/electrospun-tio2nylon-6-nanofiber-mat-improved-hydrophilicity-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> The Impact of Initiators on Fast Drying Traffic Marking Paint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Taheri">Maryam Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Jahanfar"> Mehdi Jahanfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenji%20Ogino"> Kenji Ogino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast drying traffic marking paint comprising a solvent-borne resin, a filler, a pigment and a solvent that is especially suitable for colder ambient (temperatures near freezing) applications, where waterborne traffic paint cannot be used. Acrylic resins based on methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid, and styrene were synthesized in different solvents using organic peroxide initiators such as peroxyester, peroxyketal, dialkylperoxide and azo. After polymerization, the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index= PDI (Mw/Mn), viscosity, total residual monomer and APHA color were evaluated and results of organic peroxide initiators (t- butyl and t-amyl derivatives) were also compared with the azo initiator. The Mw, PDI, viscosity, mass conversation and APHA color of resins with t-amyl derivatives of organic peroxide initiators are very proper. The results of the traffic marking paints test such as non-volatile matter, no- pick- up time, hiding power, resistance to wear and water resistance study that produced with these resins also confirm this. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20drying%20traffic%20marking%20paint" title="fast drying traffic marking paint">fast drying traffic marking paint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acrylic%20resin" title=" acrylic resin"> acrylic resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20peroxide%20initiator" title=" organic peroxide initiator"> organic peroxide initiator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxyester" title=" peroxyester"> peroxyester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxyketal" title=" peroxyketal"> peroxyketal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialkylperoxide%20and%20azo%20initiator" title=" dialkylperoxide and azo initiator"> dialkylperoxide and azo initiator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82325/the-impact-of-initiators-on-fast-drying-traffic-marking-paint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Preparation of Novel Silicone/Graphene-based Nanostructured Surfaces as Fouling Release Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Selim">Mohamed S. Selim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreen%20A.%20Fatthallah"> Nesreen A. Fatthallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20A.%20Higazy"> Shimaa A. Higazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhifeng%20Hao"> Zhifeng Hao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Jing%20Mo"> Ping Jing Mo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As marine fouling-release (FR) surfaces, two new superhydrophobic nanocomposite series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) loaded with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene oxide/boehmite nanorods (GO-γ-AlOOH) nanofillers were created. The self-cleaning and antifouling capabilities were modified by controlling the nanofillers' shapes and distribution in the silicone matrix. With an average diameter of 10-20 nm and a length of 200 nm, γ-AlOOH nanorods showed a single crystallinity. RGO was made using a hydrothermal process, whereas GO-γ-AlOOH nanocomposites were made using a chemical deposition method for use as fouling-release coating materials. These nanofillers were disseminated in the silicone matrix using the solution casting method to explore the synergetic effects of graphene-based materials on the surface, mechanical, and FR characteristics. Water contact angle (WCA), scanning electron, and atomic force microscopes were used to investigate the surface's hydrophobicity and antifouling capabilities (SEM and AFM). The roughness, superhydrophobicity, and surface mechanical characteristics of coatings all increased the homogeneity of the nanocomposite dispersion. To examine the antifouling effects of the coating systems, laboratory tests were conducted for 30 days using specified bacteria.PDMS/GO-γ-AlOOH nanorod composite demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy against several bacterial strains than PDMS/RGO nanocomposite. The high surface area and stabilizing effects of the GO-γ-AlOOH hybrid nanofillers are to blame for this. The biodegradability percentage of the PDMS/GO-γ-AlOOH nanorod composite (3 wt.%) was the lowest (1.6%), while the microbial endurability percentages for gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungi were 86.42%, 97.94%, and 85.97%, respectively. The homogeneity of the GO-γ-AlOOH (3 wt.%) dispersion, which had a WCA of 151° and a rough surface, was the most profound superhydrophobic antifouling nanostructured coating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superhydrophobic%20nanocomposite" title="superhydrophobic nanocomposite">superhydrophobic nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fouling%20release" title=" fouling release"> fouling release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofillers" title=" nanofillers"> nanofillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20coating" title=" surface coating"> surface coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142921/preparation-of-novel-siliconegraphene-based-nanostructured-surfaces-as-fouling-release-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Impact of Paint Occupational Exposure on Reproductive Markers: A Case Study in North East Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Merghad">Amina Merghad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherif%20Abdennour"> Cherif Abdennour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solvents are widely used in paint industry, where humans are highly exposed, especially from inhalation. A case report describes how paint affects reproductive markers and the health of workers. Sixty four subjects were chosen and divided into two groups; a control and an exposed group. A questionnaire was given to male workers from similar socio-economic status in order to know their ages, working conditions, clinical symptoms, working period, smoking history, shift, medical history and nutrition. Blood was withdrawn in the morning from volunteers. The measurement of blood testosterone and prolactin concentrations was then carried out. Results showed that the ages of the two groups were almost similar and were up to 47 and 43 years. The period of employment was 17 years and 14 years for the control and the exposed workers, respectively. Concerning clinical symptoms, the frequency of neuropsychological symptoms of the two groups are presented. It is clear that the symptom of memory loss, headaches are the highest among exposed workers followed by poor coordination, poor concentration and insomnia. On the other hand, the symptoms’ frequency in the control was less than that of the exposed group. Testosterone concentration has significantly decreased in group 2 (4.61±2,005 ng/ml) and group 3 (4.25±1.67 ng/ml) of exposed workers. On the other hand, prolactin concentration was higher in group 3 compared to other groups. To conclude, paint industry has disturbed reproductive markers and created high frequency of neuropsychological symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood" title="blood">blood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint" title=" paint"> paint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prolactin" title=" prolactin"> prolactin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20exposure" title=" occupational exposure"> occupational exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent" title=" organic solvent"> organic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20toxicity" title=" reproductive toxicity"> reproductive toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testosterone" title=" testosterone"> testosterone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25748/impact-of-paint-occupational-exposure-on-reproductive-markers-a-case-study-in-north-east-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Eco-Friendly Silicone/Graphene-Based Nanocomposites as Superhydrophobic Antifouling Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Selim">Mohamed S. Selim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreen%20A.%20Fatthallah"> Nesreen A. Fatthallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20A.%20Higazy"> Shimaa A. Higazy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hekmat%20R.%20Madian"> Hekmat R. Madian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20A.%20El-Safty"> Sherif A. El-Safty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Shenashen"> Mohamed A. Shenashen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the 2003 prohibition on employing TBT-based antifouling coatings, polysiloxane antifouling nano-coatings have gained in popularity as environmentally friendly and cost-effective replacements. A series of non-toxic polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites filled with nanosheets of graphene oxide (GO) decorated with magnetite nanospheres (GO-Fe₃O₄ nanospheres) were developed and cured via a catalytic hydrosilation method. Various GO-Fe₃O₄ hybrid concentrations were mixed with the silicone resin via solution casting technique to evaluate the structure–property connection. To generate GO nanosheets, a modified Hummers method was applied. A simple co-precipitation method was used to make spherical magnetite particles under inert nitrogen. Hybrid GO-Fe₃O₄ composite fillers were developed by a simple ultrasonication method. Superhydrophobic PDMS/GO-Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite surface with a micro/nano-roughness, reduced surface-free energy (SFE), high fouling release (FR) efficiency was achieved. The physical, mechanical, and anticorrosive features of the virgin and GO-Fe₃O₄ filled nanocomposites were investigated. The synergistic effects of GO-Fe₃O4 hybrid's well-dispersion on the water-repellency and surface topological roughness of the PDMS/GO-Fe₃O₄ nanopaints were extensively studied. The addition of the GO-Fe₃O₄ hybrid fillers till 1 wt.% could increase the coating's water contact angle (158°±2°), minimize its SFE to 12.06 mN/m, develop outstanding micro/nano-roughness, and improve its bulk mechanical and anticorrosion properties. Several microorganisms were employed for examining the fouling-resistance of the coated specimens for 1 month. Silicone coatings filled with 1 wt.% GO-Fe₃O₄ nanofiller showed the least biodegradability% among all the tested microorganisms. Whereas GO-Fe₃O4 with 5 wt.% nanofiller possessed the highest biodegradability% potency by all the microorganisms. We successfully developed non-toxic and low cost nanostructured FR composite coating with high antifouling-resistance, reproducible superhydrophobic character, and enhanced service-time for maritime navigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicone%20antifouling" title="silicone antifouling">silicone antifouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmentally%20friendly" title=" environmentally friendly"> environmentally friendly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofillers" title=" nanofillers"> nanofillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fouling%20repellency" title=" fouling repellency"> fouling repellency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159063/eco-friendly-siliconegraphene-based-nanocomposites-as-superhydrophobic-antifouling-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Study of the Behavior of an Organic Coating Applied on Algerian Oil Tanker in Seawater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hammouda">N. Hammouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Belmokre"> K. Belmokre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paints are used extensively today in the industry to protect the metallic structures of the aggressive environments. This work is devoted to the study of corrosion resistance and aging behavior of a paint coating providing external protection for oil tankers. To avoid problems related to corrosion of these vessels, two protection modes are provided: An electro chemical active protection (cathodic protection of the hull). A passive protection by external painting. Investigations are conducted using stationary and non-stationary electro chemical tools such as electro chemical impedance spectroscopy has allowed us to characterize the protective qualities of these films. The application of the EIS on our damaged in-situ painting shows the existence of several capacitive loops which is an indicator of the failure of our tested paint. Microscopic analysis (micrograph) helped bring essential elements in understanding the degradation of our paint condition and immersion training corrosion products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20paints" title="epoxy paints">epoxy paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrochemical impedance spectroscopy"> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20mechanisms" title=" corrosion mechanisms"> corrosion mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater" title=" seawater"> seawater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19432/study-of-the-behavior-of-an-organic-coating-applied-on-algerian-oil-tanker-in-seawater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Discriminant Shooting-Related Statistics between Winners and Losers 2023 FIBA U19 Basketball World Cup</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Ebrahmi%20Madiseh">Navid Ebrahmi Madiseh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Esfandiarpour-Broujeni"> Sina Esfandiarpour-Broujeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahil%20Razeghi"> Rahil Razeghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Quantitative analysis of game-related statistical parameters is widely used to evaluate basketball performance at both individual and team levels. Non-free throw shooting plays a crucial role as the primary scoring method, holding significant importance in the game's technical aspect. It has been explored the predictive value of game-related statistics in relation to various contextual and situational variables. Many similarities and differences also have been found between different age groups and levels of competition. For instance, in the World Basketball Championships after the 2010 rule change, 2-point field goals distinguished winners from losers in women's games but not in men's games, and the impact of successful 3-point field goals on women's games was minimal. The study aimed to identify and compare discriminant shooting-related statistics between winning and losing teams in men’s and women’s FIBA-U19-Basketball-World-Cup-2023 tournaments. Method: Data from 112 observations (2 per game) of 16 teams (for each gender) in the FIBA-U19-Basketball-World-Cup-2023 were selected as samples. The data were obtained from the official FIBA website using Python. Specific information was extracted, organized into a DataFrame, and consisted of twelve variables, including shooting percentages, attempts, and scoring ratio for 3-pointers, mid-range shots, paint shots, and free throws. Made% = scoring type successful attempts/scoring type total attempts¬ (1)Free-throw-pts% (free throw score ratio) = (free throw score/total score) ×100 (2)Mid-pts% (mid-range score ratio) = (mid-range score/total score) ×100 (3) Paint-pts% (paint score ratio) = (Paint score/total score) ×100 (4) 3p_pts% (three-point score ratio) = (three-point score/total score) ×100 (5) Independent t-tests were used to examine significant differences in shooting-related statistical parameters between winning and losing teams for both genders. Statistical significance was p < 0.05. All statistical analyses were completed with SPSS, Version 18. Results: The results showed that 3p-made%, mid-pts%, paint-made%, paint-pts%, mid-attempts, and paint-attempts were significantly different between winners and losers in men (t=-3.465, P<0.05; t=3.681, P<0.05; t=-5.884, P<0.05; t=-3.007, P<0.05; t=2.549, p<0.05; t=-3.921, P<0.05). For women, significant differences between winners and losers were found for 3p-made%, 3p-pts%, paint-made%, and paint-attempt (t=-6.429, P<0.05; t=-1.993, P<0.05; t=-1.993, P<0.05; t=-4.115, P<0.05; t=02.451, P<0.05). Discussion: The research aimed to compare shooting-related statistics between winners and losers in men's and women's teams at the FIBA-U19-Basketball-World-Cup-2023. Results indicated that men's winners excelled in 3p-made%, paint-made%, paint-pts%, paint-attempts, and mid-attempt, consistent with previous studies. This study found that losers in men’s teams had higher mid-pts% than winners, which was inconsistent with previous findings. It has been indicated that winners tend to prioritize statistically efficient shots while forcing the opponent to take mid-range shots. In women's games, significant differences in 3p-made%, 3p-pts%, paint-made%, and paint-attempts were observed, indicating that winners relied on riskier outside scoring strategies. Overall, winners exhibited higher accuracy in paint and 3P shooting than losers, but they also relied more on outside offensive strategies. Additionally, winners acquired a higher ratio of their points from 3P shots, which demonstrates their confidence in their skills and willingness to take risks at this competitive level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=losers" title=" losers"> losers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoot-statistic" title=" shoot-statistic"> shoot-statistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U19" title=" U19"> U19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winners" title=" winners"> winners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170847/discriminant-shooting-related-statistics-between-winners-and-losers-2023-fiba-u19-basketball-world-cup" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Evaluation of Heterogeneity of Paint Coating on Metal Substrate Using Laser Infrared Thermography and Eddy Current</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mezghani">S. Mezghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Perrin"> E. Perrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Bodnar"> J. L. Bodnar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Marthe"> J. Marthe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Cauwe"> B. Cauwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Vrabie"> V. Vrabie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non contact evaluation of the thickness of paint coatings can be attempted by different destructive and nondestructive methods such as cross-section microscopy, gravimetric mass measurement, magnetic gauges, Eddy current, ultrasound or terahertz. Infrared thermography is a nondestructive and non-invasive method that can be envisaged as a useful tool to measure the surface thickness variations by analyzing the temperature response. In this paper, the thermal quadrupole method for two layered samples heated up with a pulsed excitation is firstly used. By analyzing the thermal responses as a function of thermal properties and thicknesses of both layers, optimal parameters for the excitation source can be identified. Simulations show that a pulsed excitation with duration of ten milliseconds allows to obtain a substrate-independent thermal response. Based on this result, an experimental setup consisting of a near-infrared laser diode and an Infrared camera was next used to evaluate the variation of paint coating thickness between 60 µm and 130 µm on two samples. Results show that the parameters extracted for thermal images are correlated with the estimated thicknesses by the Eddy current methods. The laser pulsed thermography is thus an interesting alternative nondestructive method that can be moreover used for non conductive substrates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20destructive" title="non destructive">non destructive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint%20coating" title=" paint coating"> paint coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thickness" title=" thickness"> thickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20thermography" title=" infrared thermography"> infrared thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title=" heterogeneity"> heterogeneity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20665/evaluation-of-heterogeneity-of-paint-coating-on-metal-substrate-using-laser-infrared-thermography-and-eddy-current" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">639</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Performance Evaluation and Kinetics of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seed for the Purification of Paint Industrial Wastewater by Coagulation-Flocculation Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeoma%20Maryjane%20Iloamaeke">Ifeoma Maryjane Iloamaeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelvin%20Obazie"> Kelvin Obazie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mmesoma%20Offornze"> Mmesoma Offornze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiamaka%20Marysilvia%20Ifeaghalu"> Chiamaka Marysilvia Ifeaghalu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cecilia%20Aduaka"> Cecilia Aduaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugomma%20Chibuzo%20Onyeije"> Ugomma Chibuzo Onyeije</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudine%20Ifunanaya%20Ogu"> Claudine Ifunanaya Ogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Anastesia%20Okonkwo"> Ngozi Anastesia Okonkwo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigated the effects of pH, settling time, and coagulant dosages on the removal of color, turbidity, and heavy metals from paint industrial wastewater using the seed of Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH) by the coagulation-flocculation process. The paint effluent was physicochemically characterized, while AH coagulant was instrumentally characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A Jar test experiment was used for the coagulation-flocculation process. The result showed that paint effluent was polluted with color, turbidity (36000 NTU), mercury (1.392 mg/L), lead (0.252 mg/L), arsenic (1.236 mg/L), TSS (63.40mg/L), and COD (121.70 mg/L). The maximum color removal efficiency was 94.33% at the dosage of 0.2 g/L, pH 2 at a constant time of 50 mins, and 74.67% at constant pH 2, coagulant dosage of 0.2 g/L and 50 mins. The highest turbidity removal efficiency was 99.94% at 0.2 g/L and 50 mins at constant pH 2 and 96.66% at pH 2 and 0.2 g/L at constant time of 50 mins. The mercury removal efficiency of 99.29% was achieved at the optimal condition of 0.8 g/L coagulant dosage, pH 8, and constant time of 50 mins and 99.57% at coagulant dosage of 0.8 g/L, time of 50 mins constant pH 8. The highest lead removal efficiency was 99.76% at a coagulant dosage of 10 g/L, time of 40 mins at constant pH 10, and 96.53% at pH 10, coagulant dosage of 10 g/L and constant time of 40 mins. For arsenic, the removal efficiency is 75.24 % at 0.8 g/L coagulant dosage, time of 40 mins, and constant pH of 8. XRD imaging before treatment showed that Artocarpus heterophyllus coagulant was crystalline and changed to amorphous after treatment. The SEM and FTIR results of the AH coagulant and sludge suggested there were changes in the surface morphology and functional groups before and after treatment. The reaction kinetics were modeled best in the second order. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artocarpus%20heterophyllus" title="Artocarpus heterophyllus">Artocarpus heterophyllus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation-flocculation" title=" coagulation-flocculation"> coagulation-flocculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulant%20dosages" title=" coagulant dosages"> coagulant dosages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=setting%20time" title=" setting time"> setting time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paint%20effluent" title=" paint effluent"> paint effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156420/performance-evaluation-and-kinetics-of-artocarpus-heterophyllus-seed-for-the-purification-of-paint-industrial-wastewater-by-coagulation-flocculation-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> The Development of Micro Patterns Using Benchtop Lithography for Marine Antifouling Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicia%20Wong%20Yen%20Myan">Felicia Wong Yen Myan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Walker"> James Walker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of micro topographies usually begins with the fabrication of a master stamp. Fabrication of such small structures can be technically challenging and expensive. These techniques are often used for applications where patterns only cover a small surface area (e.g. semiconductors, microfluidic channels). This research investigated the use of benchtop lithography to fabricate patterns with average widths of 50 and 100 microns on silicon wafer substrates. Further development of this method will attempt to layer patterns to create hierarchical structures. Photomasks consisted of patterns printed onto transparency films with a high resolution printer and a fully patterned 10cm by 10cm area has been successfully developed. UV exposure was carried out with a self-made array of ultraviolet LEDs that was positioned a distance above a glass diffuser. Observations under a light microscope and SEM showed that developed patterns exhibit an adequate degree of fidelity with patterns from the master stamp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithography" title="lithography">lithography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling" title=" antifouling"> antifouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine" title=" marine"> marine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtopography" title=" microtopography "> microtopography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4376/the-development-of-micro-patterns-using-benchtop-lithography-for-marine-antifouling-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> CT-Scan Transition of Pulmonary Edema Due to Water-Soluble Paint Inhalation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Kanazawa">Masashi Kanazawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takaaki%20Nakano"> Takaaki Nakano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masaaki%20Takemoto"> Masaaki Takemoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomonori%20Imamura"> Tomonori Imamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamiko%20Sugimura"> Mamiko Sugimura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshitaka%20Ito"> Toshitaka Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: We experienced a massive disaster due to inhalation of water-soluble paint. Sixteen patients were brought to our emergency room, and pulmonary edema was revealed on the CT images of 12 cases. Purpose: Transition of chest CT-scan findings in cases with pulmonary edema was examined. Method: CT-scans were performed on the 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 19th days after the inhalation event. Patients whose pulmonary edema showed amelioration or exacerbation were classified into the improvement or the exacerbation group, respectively. Those with lung edema findings appearing at different sites after the second day were classified into the changing group. Results: Eight, one and three patients were in the improvement, exacerbation and changing groups, respectively. In all cases, the pulmonary edema had disappeared from CT images on the 19th day after the inhalation event. Conclusion: Inhalation of water-soluble paints is considered to be relatively safe. However, our observations in these emergency cases suggest that, even if pulmonary edema is not severe immediately after the exposure, new lesions may appear later and existing lesions may worsen. Follow-up imaging is thus necessary for about two weeks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20scan" title="CT scan">CT scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intoxication" title=" intoxication"> intoxication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20edema" title=" pulmonary edema"> pulmonary edema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-soluble%20paint" title=" water-soluble paint"> water-soluble paint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74622/ct-scan-transition-of-pulmonary-edema-due-to-water-soluble-paint-inhalation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Development of Water-Based Thermal Insulation Paints Using Silica Aerogel </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Yanru">Lu Yanru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handojo%20Djati%20Utomo"> Handojo Djati Utomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin%20Xi%20Jiang"> Yin Xi Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Xiaodong"> Li Xiaodong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insulation plays a key role in the sustainable building due to the contribution of energy consumption reduction. Without sufficient insulation, a great amount of the energy used to heat or cool a building will be lost to the outdoors. In this study, we developed a highly efficient thermal insulation paint with the incorporation of silica aerogel. Silica aerogel, with a low thermal conductivity of 0.01 W/mK, has been successfully prepared from the solid waste from the incineration plants. It has been added into water-based paints to increase its thermal insulation properties. To investigate the thermal insulation performance of silica aerogel additive, the paint samples were mixed with silica aerogel at different sizes and with various portions. The thermal conductivity, water resistance, thermal stability and adhesion strength of the samples were tested and evaluated. The thermal diffusivity measurements proved that adding silica aerogel additive could improve the thermal insulation properties of the paint significantly. Up to 5 ˚C reductions were observed after applying paints with silica aerogel additive compare to the one without it. The results showed that the developed thermal insulation paints have great potential for an application in green and sustainable building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20aerogel" title="silica aerogel">silica aerogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20insulation" title=" thermal insulation"> thermal insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-based%20paints" title=" water-based paints"> water-based paints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resistant" title=" water resistant"> water resistant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118598/development-of-water-based-thermal-insulation-paints-using-silica-aerogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Construction and Cross-Linking of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Based on Polysaccharides as Antifouling Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenfa%20Yu">Wenfa Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thuva%20Gnanasampanthan"> Thuva Gnanasampanthan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Finlay"> John Finlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Clarke"> Jessica Clarke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlotte%20Anderson"> Charlotte Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Clare"> Tony Clare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Rosenhahn"> Axel Rosenhahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem at vast economic and ecological costs. Historically it was combated with toxic coatings such as tributyltin. As those coatings being banned nowadays, finding environmental friendly antifouling solution has become an urgent topic. In this study antifouling coatings consisted of natural occurring polysaccharides hyaluronic acid (HA), alginic acid (AA), chitosan (Ch) and polyelectrolyte polyethylenimine (PEI) are constructed into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) in a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method. LbL PEM construction is a straightforward way to assemble biomacromolecular coatings on surfaces. Advantages about PEM include ease of handling, highly diverse PEM composition, precise control over the thickness and so on. PEMs have been widely employed in medical application and there are numerous studies regarding their protein adsorption, elasticity and cell adhesive properties. With the adjustment of coating composition, termination layer charge, coating morphology and cross-linking method, it is possible to prepare low marine biofouling coatings with PEMs. In this study, using spin coating technology, PEM construction was achieved at smooth multilayers with roughness as low as 2nm rms and highly reproducible thickness around 50nm. To obtain stability in sea water, the multilayers were covalently cross-linked either thermally or chemically. The cross-linking method affected surface energy, which was reflected in water contact angle, thermal cross-linking led to hydrophobic surfaces and chemical cross-linking generated hydrophilic surfaces. The coatings were then evaluated regarding its protein resistance and biological species resistance. While the hydrophobic thermally cross-linked PEM had low resistance towards proteins, the resistance of chemically cross-linked PEM strongly depended on the PEM termination layer and the charge of the protein, opposite charge caused high adsorption and same charge low adsorption, indicating electrostatic interaction plays a crucial role in the protein adsorption processes. Ulva linza was chosen as the biological species for antifouling performance evaluation. Despite of the poor resistance towards protein adsorption, thermally cross-linked PEM showed good resistance against Ulva spores settlement, the chemically cross-linked multilayers showed poor resistance regardless of the termination layer. Marine species adhesion is a complex process, although it involves proteins as bioadhesives, protein resistance its own is not a fully indicator for its antifouling performance. The species will pre select the surface, responding to cues like surface energy, chemistry, or charge and so on. Thus making it difficult for one single factors to determine its antifouling performance. Preparing PEM coating is a comprehensive work involving choosing polyelectrolyte combination, determining termination layer and the method for cross-linking. These decisions will affect PEM properties such as surface energy, charge, which is crucial, since biofouling is a process responding to surface properties in a highly sensitive and dynamic way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyaluronic%20acid" title="hyaluronic acid">hyaluronic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyelectrolyte%20multilayers" title=" polyelectrolyte multilayers"> polyelectrolyte multilayers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20resistance" title=" protein resistance"> protein resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulva%20linza%20zoospores" title=" Ulva linza zoospores"> Ulva linza zoospores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105303/construction-and-cross-linking-of-polyelectrolyte-multilayers-based-on-polysaccharides-as-antifouling-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20paint&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20paint&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20paint&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20paint&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifouling%20paint&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a 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