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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Benjamin Radford</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Benjamin Radford</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Radford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ben_Radford.jpg/220px-Ben_Radford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ben_Radford.jpg/330px-Ben_Radford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ben_Radford.jpg/440px-Ben_Radford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ben Radford lectures at <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">CFI</a> West on Paranormal Investigations, June 18, 2011</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1970-10-02</span>) </span>October 2, 1970<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 54)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Master%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Master's">Master's</a> in Public Health<br /><a href="/wiki/Master%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Master's">Master's</a> in Education<br /><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor's">Bachelor's</a> in <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Writer, investigator, podcaster, research fellow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Media and science literacy educator, scientific paranormal investigation, <a href="/wiki/MonsterTalk" title="MonsterTalk">MonsterTalk</a> podcast, Squaring the Strange podcast</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://BenjaminRadford.com">benjaminradford<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg/150px-Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg/225px-Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg/300px-Ben_Radford_Signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3551" data-file-height="2541" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamin Radford</b> (born October 2, 1970) is an American writer, investigator, and <a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">skeptic</a>. He has authored, coauthored or contributed to over twenty books and written over a thousand articles and columns on a wide variety of topics including urban legends, unexplained mysteries, the paranormal, <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a>, mass hysteria, and media literacy. His book, <i>Mysterious New Mexico: Miracles, Magic, and Monsters in the Land of Enchantment</i>, was published in the summer of 2014 and is a scientific investigation of famous legends and folklore in the state of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>. In 2016 Radford published <i>Bad Clowns</i>, a 2017 <a href="/wiki/Independent_Publisher_Book_Awards" title="Independent Publisher Book Awards">IPPY</a> bronze award winner,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he is regarded as an expert on the <a href="/wiki/Evil_clown" title="Evil clown">bad clowns</a> phenomenon.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford has appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_America" title="Good Morning America">Good Morning America</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">The History Channel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Learning_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Learning Channel">Learning Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, and many other outlets. </p><p>Radford characterizes himself as one of the world's few science-based <a href="/wiki/Ghost_hunting" title="Ghost hunting">paranormal investigators</a>, and has done first-hand research into psychics, ghosts,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcisms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">stigmata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_monster" title="Lake monster">lake monsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/UFO" class="mw-redirect" title="UFO">UFO</a> sightings, <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crop_circles" class="mw-redirect" title="Crop circles">crop circles</a>, and other topics. "I'm open-minded. I never said I don't believe ghosts exist. But I can say I've looked at the research that's been done, and I've done personal investigations. In each particular case there either is or isn't good, compelling evidence, and so far I haven't seen it."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He regularly speaks at universities and conferences across the country about his research, and about science and skepticism.<sup id="cite_ref-MCSSKEPTICAMP_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCSSKEPTICAMP-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radford's books and investigations have been incorporated into several college and university courses on critical thinking, including at <a href="/wiki/Western_Washington_University" title="Western Washington University">Western Washington University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford is also a contributor to the website <a href="/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a>, where he has researched and written articles debunking fakelore and a variety of popular myths including <a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror" title="The Amityville Horror">The Amityville Horror</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the claim that humans only use 10% of their brains.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radford became interested in "the mysterious and the unexplained" as a child from reading books about, "monsters and dragons, the Bermuda Triangle, psychics in Russia that could move automobiles with their mind", etc. He also became interested through television shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Incredible" class="mw-redirect" title="That's Incredible">That's Incredible</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ripley%27s_Believe_It_or_Not" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripley's Believe It or Not">Ripley's Believe It or Not</a></i>. He grew disenchanted with the lack of scientific rigor in the books and television shows because there seemed to be little or no investigation or proper references.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford's first encounter with formal <a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">skepticism</a> came as a result of a fruitless search for beer in a "dry" county in Utah. Winning a regional essay contest while at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>, he was flown to present his paper at a college town in Utah. He and his colleagues came across a tiny used bookstore where he acquired an old issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> featuring an article on the prophesies of <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus">Nostradamus</a> penned by none other than <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a>. He relates that this was the first article he'd read criticizing Nostradamus and offered "skeptical, logical, and reasonable explanations for the prophecies apparent accuracy".<sup id="cite_ref-Radford_2010_42–51_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford_2010_42–51-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford holds a bachelor's degree in psychology (graduating magna cum laude) with a minor in professional writing from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a> where he was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> honor society in 1993. He also has a master's degree in education from the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a> where his focus was on Science and the Public, and his masters thesis was titled <i>Misinformation in Eating Disorder Communications: Implications for Science Communication Policy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radford stated that he chose this topic because it "involved several of my longstanding interests such as myths and misinformation ... eating disorders (a subject I first became involved with when helping an ex-girlfriend struggle with bulimia); and the news media".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Geisel_School_of_Medicine" title="Geisel School of Medicine">Geisel School of Medicine</a> at Dartmouth in 2022, earning a master's degree in Public Health. He was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Delta_Omega" title="Delta Omega">Delta Omega</a> Honorary Society in Public Health, and was the recipient of a 2022 Social Justice Award from the <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth Institute">Dartmouth Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dartmouth_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dartmouth-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalism">Journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radford served as managing editor of the science magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> from 1997 until early 2011, when he was promoted to deputy editor. He is also a regular columnist at the magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until it suspended publication in 2009, he was editor-in-chief of the Spanish-language magazine <i>Pensar</i>, published in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radford is also a regular columnist for <i><a href="/wiki/Discovery_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery News">Discovery News</a></i>, <i>LiveScience.com</i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Briefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptical Briefs">Skeptical Briefs</a></i> newsletter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Radford is a co-founder and former co-host of <a href="/wiki/MonsterTalk" title="MonsterTalk">MonsterTalk</a>, a podcast, which critically examines the science and folklore behind <a href="/wiki/Cryptozoological" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptozoological">cryptozoological</a> (and legendary) creatures such as <a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness_Monster" title="Loch Ness Monster">Loch Ness Monster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Werewolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Werewolves">werewolves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MonsterTalk won the 2012 Parsec podcast award for the “Best Fact Behind the Fiction” category.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford is a Research Fellow with the non-profit educational organization <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and presented at the <a href="/wiki/American_Folklore_Society" title="American Folklore Society">American Folklore Society</a>'s 2011 annual conference on <i>Folklore of the <a href="/wiki/Chupacabra" title="Chupacabra">Chupacabra</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford's writings also focus on topics related to women and minorities, particularly in South America and Africa. Through his books, articles, blogs, and podcasts he has raised awareness of many social problems that disproportionately affect women, including modern witchcraft in India, Nepal, and Pakistan;<sup id="cite_ref-witchcraft_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-witchcraft-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping" title="Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping">Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping</a> in 2014;<sup id="cite_ref-Boko_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boko-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">acid attack</a> victims in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guy_P._Harrison" title="Guy P. Harrison">Guy P. Harrison</a> reviews Radford's 2016 book <i>Bad Clowns</i> saying, "Who knew naughty clowns could be so interesting?" Radford spends time on the "unfounded hype and hysteria" of stories of clowns in journalism including <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a> and the Aurora Colorado shooter <a href="/wiki/James_Holmes_(mass_murderer)" title="James Holmes (mass murderer)">James Holmes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_paranormal_investigator">Scientific paranormal investigator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scientific paranormal investigator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Described as a "professional skeptic", Radford works at the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> investigating all manner of unusual claims and events. His work includes investigation, reporting, journalism, science literacy education, and public speaking.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford explains his approach by saying "I am not paid to doubt things; I am paid to promote science and investigate unusual claims. Our approach is empirical, evidence- and science-based. Science has proven itself incredibly successful in explaining and finding out about the world. If we wish to know why a certain disease strikes one person and not another, we turn to medicine instead of a witch doctor. If we wish to know how to build a bridge that can span a river, we turn to physics instead of psychics. Paranormal or “unexplained” topics are testable by science: either a psychic's prediction comes true or it doesn't; either ghosts exist in the real world or they don't. My job is not to doubt, nor debunk; it is to investigate. I have no vested interest in proving or disproving any unexplained phenomena; I get paid the same either way. But the cardinal rule is that an investigator must eliminate all the natural explanations before accepting supernatural ones, and must use sound science."<sup id="cite_ref-Radford_2010_42–51_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford_2010_42–51-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When asked "Have you ever been stumped by a mysterious claim?" Radford responded, "No". He responded more fully that there are times with some claims there isn't enough information or the information given to him wasn't correct. Radford compares these investigations to a crime scene investigating where there exists "a positive correlation between the quality of the available evidence and solving the mystery". Radford states he has a "high bar for what I am willing to concede is 'unexplained' or truly mysterious".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paranormal researcher Brian D. Parsons in a review for <i>Investigating Ghosts</i>, praised the book, stating, "Radford is not saying ghosts do not exist. He's merely explaining and demonstrating that ghost researchers have been going about things wrong for a very long time".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2023 Radford has been a finalist or winner of eight book awards. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align;left;">Book Awards </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award</th> <th>From</th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>Finalist</td> <td>New Mexico-Arizona Book Awards</td> <td><i>Tracking the Chupacabra: The Vampire Beast in Fact, Fiction, and Folklore</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>Finalist</td> <td>Foreword Reviews Book of the Year award</td> <td><i>Tracking the Chupacabra: The Vampire Beast in Fact, Fiction, and Folklore</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>Finalist</td> <td>New Mexico-Arizona Book Awards</td> <td><i>Scientific Paranormal Investigation: How to Solve Unexplained Mysteries</i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>Winner</td> <td>Southwest Book Award</td> <td><i>Mysterious New Mexico: Miracles, Magic, and Monsters in the Land of Enchantment</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>Bronze</td> <td>Independent Publisher Book Awards</td> <td><i>Bad Clown</i>s <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>Winner, Science Category</td> <td>New Mexico-Arizona Book Awards</td> <td><i>Investigating Ghosts: The Scientific Search for Spirits</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>Finalist, Nonfiction General</td> <td>New Mexico-Arizona Book Awards</td> <td><i>Big-If True: Adventures in Oddity</i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>Winner, Politics/Current Events</td> <td>New Mexico-Arizona Book Awards</td> <td><i>America the Fearful: Media and the Marketing of National Panic</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="Strange"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squaring_the_Strange"><i>Squaring the Strange</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Squaring the Strange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2017 Radford and <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Romero" title="Pascual Romero">Pascual Romero</a> launched the <i>Squaring the Strange</i> podcast with evidence-based analysis and commentary on a variety of topics ranging from the paranormal to the political.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frequent contributor and content producer Celestia Ward was later added as a cohost.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The podcast features discussions on a wide variety of subjects including psychology, myths, hoaxes, folklore, and science.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has featured Radford's detailed analysis of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Whale_Challenge" title="Blue Whale Challenge">Blue Whale Challenge</a> scare and his passionate criticism of the <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV network)">History Channel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart:_The_Lost_Evidence" title="Amelia Earhart: The Lost Evidence">Amelia Earhart documentary</a> and its discredited photographic evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations">Investigations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radford has conducted numerous investigations into "unexplained" phenomena. These are some of his best-known cases: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pokémon_panic_(1997)"><span id="Pok.C3.A9mon_panic_.281997.29"></span>Pokémon panic (1997)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pokémon panic (1997)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, Radford investigated the mysterious 1997 incident in which thousands of Japanese children seemingly suffered seizures while watching "<a href="/wiki/Denn%C5%8D_Senshi_Porygon" title="Dennō Senshi Porygon">Dennō Senshi Porygon</a>", an episode of the <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_(anime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokémon (anime)"><i>Pokémon</i> anime</a>. Though many doctors advanced theories including photosensitive epilepsy, Radford proffered evidence that the incident was rooted in mass hysteria. The resulting article, co-authored by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartholomew_(sociologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bartholomew (sociologist)">Robert Bartholomew</a>, was published in the February 2001 <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Medical_Journal" title="Southern Medical Journal">Southern Medical Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SouthMedJournal_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SouthMedJournal-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"We studied a reported illness outbreak occurring on December 16, 1997, involving more than 12,000 Japanese children who had various signs and symptoms of illness after watching an episode of a popular animated cartoon, Pokémon. While photosensitive epilepsy was diagnosed in a minuscule fraction of those affected, this explanation cannot account for the breadth and pattern of the events. The characteristic features of the episode are consistent with the diagnosis of epidemic hysteria, triggered by sudden anxiety after dramatic mass media reports describing a relatively small number of genuine photosensitive-epilepsy seizures. The importance of the mass media in precipitating outbreaks of mass psychogenic illness is discussed."<sup id="cite_ref-SouthMedJournal_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SouthMedJournal-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radford_BW_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Radford_BW_2.jpg/250px-Radford_BW_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Radford_BW_2.jpg/375px-Radford_BW_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Radford_BW_2.jpg/500px-Radford_BW_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4628" data-file-height="3085" /></a><figcaption>Ben Radford lectures at <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">CFI</a> West on Paranormal Investigations, June 18, 2011.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santa_Fe_courthouse_ghost_(2007)"><span id="Santa_Fe_courthouse_ghost_.282007.29"></span>Santa Fe courthouse ghost (2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Santa Fe courthouse ghost (2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, Radford solved the mystery of the "<a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_courthouse_ghost" title="Santa Fe courthouse ghost">Santa Fe Courthouse Ghost</a>", a mysterious, glowing, white blob that was captured on videotape June 15, by a security camera at a courthouse in Santa Fe, New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-SIV31#5_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIV31#5-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LiveScience_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiveScience-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the court personnel who first saw the image could not explain it, others soon offered their own explanations, and a ghost was among the most popular. Radford conducted several days of on-site field investigations at the courthouse, and after several experiments duplicated the "ghost" effect by placing insects on the video camera that recorded the original event.<sup id="cite_ref-SIV31#5_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIV31#5-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LiveScience_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiveScience-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Los_Angeles_UFO_/_mystery_missile_(2010)"><span id="The_Los_Angeles_UFO_.2F_mystery_missile_.282010.29"></span>The Los Angeles UFO / mystery missile (2010)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Los Angeles UFO / mystery missile (2010)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2010, a UFO was sighted and recorded in the sky over Los Angeles by a news helicopter cameraman.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a column for Discovery News, Radford was one of the first journalists to critically analyze the video and correctly identify the UFO or “mystery missile” as an airplane contrail.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_White_Witch_of_Rose_Hall_(2007)"><span id="The_White_Witch_of_Rose_Hall_.282007.29"></span>The White Witch of Rose Hall (2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The White Witch of Rose Hall (2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></i> magazine and his book <i>Scientific Paranormal Investigation</i>, Radford published his re-creations of the "ghost photos" taken at Rose Hall, a mansion near <a href="/wiki/Montego_Bay" title="Montego Bay">Montego Bay</a> in Jamaica, showing that alleged paranormal phenomena caught on film at that location were camera artifacts and reflected flashes, not ghosts.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg/300px-Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg/450px-Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg/600px-Ben_Radford_and_James_Randi_at_The_Amazing_Meeting_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Ben Radford with <a href="/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi">James Randi</a> in a panel discussion at The Amaz!ng Meeting 2012</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kansas_City_gym_ghost_video_(2008)"><span id="Kansas_City_gym_ghost_video_.282008.29"></span>Kansas City gym ghost video (2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kansas City gym ghost video (2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radford investigated and solved the mystery of an alleged "ghost video" taken at Anytime Fitness, an all-night fitness club in Overland Park, Kansas in 2008. Surveillance cameras caught the glowing, fuzzy light in a workout area, wandering over the weight benches and fitness machines. The video was circulated on YouTube, generating more than 100,000 views.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radford concluded the actual culprit to be merely an insect on the camera lens. His conclusions were based on the several facts: 1) the image only showed up on one of several cameras covering the area, 2) the fuzzy and out-of-focus image indicated that the object was closer rather than farther to the security camera which is designed to focus at longer distances, 3) the image appears to reflecting rather than emitting light, and 4) the image appeared to go over objects in the room rather than going around them.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"Champ"_photo_(1977)"><span id="The_.22Champ.22_photo_.281977.29"></span>The "Champ" photo (1977)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The "Champ" photo (1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The photo, taken by Sandra Mansi in 1977, sparked investigations and national interest into the <a href="/wiki/Champ_(cryptozoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ (cryptozoology)">creature</a> allegedly living in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a>. John Kirk, in his book <i>In the Domain of the Lake Monsters</i>, writes that "The monster of Lake Champlain... has the distinction of being the only lake monster of whom there is a reasonably clear photograph. It... is extremely good evidence of an unidentified lake-dwelling animal". After investigating claims of a monster in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> that has been nicknamed "Champ", Radford, along with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a> concluded that the object in the famous photo was almost certainly a floating log or tree-trunk.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joe Zarzynski, author of <i>Champ: Beyond the Legend</i> (1984), calls the photo "the best single piece of evidence on Champ." </p><p>The results of the <a href="/wiki/Champ_(cryptozoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ (cryptozoology)">Champ</a> and Mansi photo investigation were published in the book <i>Lake Monster Mysteries</i>, as well as in <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> magazine and <i><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></i> magazine. Radford and Nickell re-enacted their experiments and investigation for the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chupacabra_(2010)"><span id="Chupacabra_.282010.29"></span>Chupacabra (2010)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chupacabra (2010)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tracking_the_Chupacabra" title="Tracking the Chupacabra">Tracking the Chupacabra</a></div> <p>Radford spent five years investigating the mysterious monster el <a href="/wiki/Chupacabra" title="Chupacabra">chupacabra</a>, and came to the conclusion that the monster sightings were inspired by the 1995 film <i><a href="/wiki/Species_(film)" title="Species (film)">Species</a></i>, and were aided and abetted by faulty eyewitness accounts, lack of forensic knowledge, and mass hysteria. His account of the investigation is detailed in his 2011 book <i><a href="/wiki/Tracking_the_Chupacabra" title="Tracking the Chupacabra">Tracking the Chupacabra</a>: The Vampire Beast in Fact, Fiction, and Folklore</i>. The investigation included eyewitness interviews, forensic and folkloric research, and "a field expedition to the jungles of Nicaragua" in search of the legendary monster.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar media-inspired monster sightings have been offered to explain for <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness_Monster" title="Loch Ness Monster">Loch Ness Monster</a> (inspired by scenes depicting a <a href="/wiki/Plesiosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Plesiosauria">Plesiosaur</a>-like monster in the 1933 <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong movie</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the fictional bogey-man <a href="/wiki/Slender_Man" title="Slender Man">Slender Man</a> reported on the talk-radio show <i><a href="/wiki/Coast_to_Coast_AM" title="Coast to Coast AM">Coast to Coast</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Tracking the Chupacabra</i> was a Finalist for two books awards including Book of the Year.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Outside_(magazine)" title="Outside (magazine)">Outside Magazine</a></i>, Radford came to the conclusion that the chupacabra "was nothing but a cinematic fever dream."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dyatlov_Pass_Deaths_(2014)"><span id="Dyatlov_Pass_Deaths_.282014.29"></span>Dyatlov Pass Deaths (2014)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dyatlov Pass Deaths (2014)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2014 <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a> special <i>Russian Yeti: The Killer Lives</i> explored claims that the Dyatlov group was killed by an enraged Russian yeti. Radford wrote an in-depth review of the show for the Doubtful News website on June 1. He noted that "<i>Russian Yeti: The Killer Lives</i> begins with the premise that the injuries sustained by the skiers were so grave and extraordinary that could only have been inflicted by an inhumanly strong creature." Radford pointed out that the evidence believers in the idea point to is present in many other types of pseudoscientific claims, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chupacabra" title="Chupacabra">chupacabra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cattle_mutilation" title="Cattle mutilation">cattle mutilations</a>, and can be accounted for by the predation of convention animals, or in the case of the Dyatlov group, by avalanche.<sup id="cite_ref-Radford_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radford points out that producers of the program, and host Mike Libecki, despite encountering such a creature, never mentioned anything else about that being, and never mentioned it in their journals.<sup id="cite_ref-Radford_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films">Films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clicker_Clatter_poster.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Clicker_Clatter_poster.png/220px-Clicker_Clatter_poster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Clicker_Clatter_poster.png/330px-Clicker_Clatter_poster.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Clicker_Clatter_poster.png/440px-Clicker_Clatter_poster.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption><i>Clicker Clatter</i> poster</figcaption></figure> <p>Radford has appeared in films that address his investigatory work. In <i>Wrinkles the Clown</i> he discussed the historical roots of deviant clowns,<sup id="cite_ref-Wrinkles_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wrinkles-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <i>Science Friction</i> he was interviewed about his experience with documentaries which misrepresent the interviews with experts in their field.<sup id="cite_ref-Friction_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friction-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to his <a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">scientific skepticism</a> work, Radford has written and directed several animated short films. In <i>Sirens</i> (2009), "A young boy in a small-town library avoids his math homework and is instead drawn into the world of the mythological Sirens, beautiful women who lured sailors to their doom."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both films screened at film festivals around the world, and <i>Clicker Clatter</i> won the “Best Traditional Animation” award at the 2007 California International Animation Festival. <i>Clicker Clatter</i> has an online distributor and can be seen at SnagFilms.com.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Board_games">Board games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Board games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_Gods"><i>Playing Gods</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Playing Gods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008 Radford released <i><a href="/wiki/Playing_Gods" title="Playing Gods">Playing Gods</a>: The Board Game of Divine Domination</i>, a satirical board game he created based on theme of gods warring over the control of believers. The game is described as a "theological version of <i><a href="/wiki/Risk_(game)" title="Risk (game)">Risk</a></i>" and contains figures based on Jesus, Moses, Buddha and many other religions including satirical religions like the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster" title="Flying Spaghetti Monster">Flying Spaghetti Monster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dobbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Dobbs">J. R. Bob Dobbs</a>. The game made its world premiere at the New York Toy Fair in March 2009 and debuted at <a href="/wiki/Dragoncon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoncon">Dragon*Con</a> in Atlanta, Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-PlayingGodsWebsite_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PlayingGodsWebsite-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Playing Gods</i> is produced through Radford's company, Balls Out Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-PlayingGodsWebsite_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PlayingGodsWebsite-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australia's <i>Synergy Magazine</i> reported <i>Playing Gods</i> has "some of the nicest pawns I have ever seen in a board game... has great game play and comes with a smart, cynical and satirical tone. <i>Playing Gods</i> is blasphemy with style and offers a great board game with a good dose of insight and a great load of fun!”.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other players have praised the game as "one of the coolest and most important things to happen to parlor games",<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "awesome, and damned funny.. it's <i><a href="/wiki/Candyland" class="mw-redirect" title="Candyland">Candyland</a></i> for people who want the express train to hell".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Raschke" title="Carl Raschke">Carl Raschke</a>, professor of religious studies at University of Denver, criticized Radford's board game telling <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> that the game "sounds too stupid to go far".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Undead_Apocalypse"><i>Undead Apocalypse</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Undead Apocalypse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, Radford released plans for a followup to the <i>Playing Gods</i> board game, entitled <i>Undead Apocalypse: War of the Damned</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-undeadboardgame_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undeadboardgame-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would have integrated genuine lore concerning <a href="/wiki/Werewolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Werewolves">werewolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vampires" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampires">vampires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zombies" class="mw-redirect" title="Zombies">zombies</a> into the board game.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> campaign to fund the game was launched in June 2013, but was cancelled when it became clear it would not fully fund.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBartholomewRadford2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartholomew_(sociologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bartholomew (sociologist)">Bartholomew, Robert</a>; Radford, Benjamin (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/hoaxes-myths-and-manias/"><i>Hoaxes, Myths, and Manias: Why We Need Critical Thinking</i></a>, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, p. 229, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591020486" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591020486"><bdi>978-1591020486</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoaxes%2C+Myths%2C+and+Manias%3A+Why+We+Need+Critical+Thinking&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1591020486&rft.aulast=Bartholomew&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Radford%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbooks-by-ben-radford%2Fhoaxes-myths-and-manias%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2003" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/media-mythmakers/"><i>Media Mythmakers : How Journalists, Activists, and Advertisers Mislead Us</i></a>, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, p. 324, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591020721" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591020721"><bdi>978-1591020721</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Media+Mythmakers+%3A+How+Journalists%2C+Activists%2C+and+Advertisers+Mislead+Us&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1591020721&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbooks-by-ben-radford%2Fmedia-mythmakers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadfordNickell2006" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin; <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Nickell, Joe</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/lake-monster-mysteries/"><i>Lake Monster Mysteries : Investigating the World's Most Elusive Creatures</i></a>, Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, p. 208, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813123943" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813123943"><bdi>978-0813123943</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lake+Monster+Mysteries+%3A+Investigating+the+World%27s+Most+Elusive+Creatures&rft.place=Lexington%2C+KY&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0813123943&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Nickell%2C+Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbooks-by-ben-radford%2Flake-monster-mysteries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2010" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/scientific-paranormal-investigation/"><i>Scientific Paranormal Investigation: How to Solve Unexplained Mysteries</i></a>, Rhombus Publishing Company, p. 312, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0936455112" title="Special:BookSources/978-0936455112"><bdi>978-0936455112</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientific+Paranormal+Investigation%3A+How+to+Solve+Unexplained+Mysteries&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=Rhombus+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0936455112&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbooks-by-ben-radford%2Fscientific-paranormal-investigation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2011" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518141532/http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/buy-tracking-the-chupacabra/"><i>Tracking the Chupacabra: The Vampire Beast in Fact, Fiction, and Folklore</i></a>, University of New Mexico Press, p. 288, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826350152" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826350152"><bdi>978-0826350152</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/buy-tracking-the-chupacabra/">the original</a> on May 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracking+the+Chupacabra%3A+The+Vampire+Beast+in+Fact%2C+Fiction%2C+and+Folklore&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0826350152&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbooks-by-ben-radford%2Fbuy-tracking-the-chupacabra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartholomewRadford2011" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartholomew_(sociologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bartholomew (sociologist)">Bartholomew, Robert</a>; Radford, Benjamin (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benjaminradford.com/books-by-ben-radford/the-martians-have-landed/"><i>The Martians Have Landed! A History of Media-Driven Panics and Hoaxes</i></a>, McFarland and Co., p. 254, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786464982" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786464982"><bdi>978-0786464982</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martians+Have+Landed%21+A+History+of+Media-Driven+Panics+and+Hoaxes&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=McFarland+and+Co.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0786464982&rft.aulast=Bartholomew&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Radford%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbooks-by-ben-radford%2Fthe-martians-have-landed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2014" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2014), <i>Mysterious New Mexico: Miracles, Magic, and Monsters in the Land of Enchantment</i>, University of New Mexico Press, p. 304, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826354501" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826354501"><bdi>978-0826354501</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysterious+New+Mexico%3A+Miracles%2C+Magic%2C+and+Monsters+in+the+Land+of+Enchantment&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0826354501&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2016" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smile.amazon.com/Bad-Clowns-Benjamin-Radford-ebook/dp/B01BJ90AHS/ref=dp_kinw_strp_1"><i>Bad Clowns</i></a>, University of New Mexico Press, p. 188, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-5666-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-5666-6"><bdi>978-0-8263-5666-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+Clowns&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-5666-6&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmile.amazon.com%2FBad-Clowns-Benjamin-Radford-ebook%2Fdp%2FB01BJ90AHS%2Fref%3Ddp_kinw_strp_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2017" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/INVESTIGATING-GHOSTS-Scientific-Search-Spirits-ebook/dp/B0788YCFHP/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1513998767&sr=8-3&keywords=investigating%20ghost"><i>Investigating Ghosts: The Scientific Search for Spirits</i></a>, Rhombus Publishing Company, pp. 396 (Kindle edition), <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0788YCFHP">B0788YCFHP</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investigating+Ghosts%3A+The+Scientific+Search+for+Spirits&rft.pages=396+%28Kindle+edition%29&rft.pub=Rhombus+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0788YCFHP%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FINVESTIGATING-GHOSTS-Scientific-Search-Spirits-ebook%2Fdp%2FB0788YCFHP%2Fref%3Dsr_1_3%3Fie%3DUTF8%26qid%3D1513998767%26sr%3D8-3%26keywords%3Dinvestigating%2520ghost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2020" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benjaminradford.com/big-if-true"><i>Big-If True: Adventures in Oddity (Paranormal)</i></a>, Rhombus Publishing Company, p. 280, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0936455174" title="Special:BookSources/978-0936455174"><bdi>978-0936455174</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Big-If+True%3A+Adventures+in+Oddity+%28Paranormal%29&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Rhombus+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0936455174&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Fbig-if-true&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2022" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benjaminradford.com/america-the-fearful/"><i>America the Fearful: Media and the Marketing of National Panics</i></a>, Mcfarland & Company, Inc., p. 225, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-8772-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-8772-8"><bdi>978-1-4766-8772-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+the+Fearful%3A+Media+and+the+Marketing+of+National+Panics&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Mcfarland+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-8772-8&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbenjaminradford.com%2Famerica-the-fearful%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Radford&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://independentpublisher.com/article.php?page=2172&urltitle=2017%20Independent%20Publisher%20Book%20Awards%20National%20Medalists">"2017 Independent Publisher Book Awards National Medalists"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Independent+Publisher+Book+Awards+National+Medalists&rft.pub=Independent+Publisher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findependentpublisher.com%2Farticle.php%3Fpage%3D2172%26urltitle%3D2017%2520Independent%2520Publisher%2520Book%2520Awards%2520National%2520Medalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShone" class="citation web cs1">Shone, Colton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018190315/http://www.kob.com/albuquerque-news/recent-scary-clown-trend-nothing-new-expert-benjamin-radford-bad-clowns-author-book-creepy/4291893/?cat=500">"Recent scary clown trend nothing new, expert said"</a>. <i>KOB 4</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kob.com/albuquerque-news/recent-scary-clown-trend-nothing-new-expert-benjamin-radford-bad-clowns-author-book-creepy/4291893/?cat=500">the original</a> on October 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOB+4&rft.atitle=Recent+scary+clown+trend+nothing+new%2C+expert+said&rft.aulast=Shone&rft.aufirst=Colton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kob.com%2Falbuquerque-news%2Frecent-scary-clown-trend-nothing-new-expert-benjamin-radford-bad-clowns-author-book-creepy%2F4291893%2F%3Fcat%3D500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2004" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (January 29, 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghostvillage.com/resources/2004/resources_01292004.shtml"><i>Investigating a Haunted House – Amherst, New York</i></a>, GhostVillage.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090810220807/http://www.ghostvillage.com/resources/2004/resources_01292004.shtml">archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investigating+a+Haunted+House+%E2%80%93+Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pub=GhostVillage.com&rft.date=2004-01-29&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghostvillage.com%2Fresources%2F2004%2Fresources_01292004.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNott2014" class="citation journal cs1">Nott, Robert (October 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santafenewmexican.com/pasatiempo/books/new-mexico-s-portal-to-the-otherworldly-skeptic-benjamin-radford/article_1950396e-3ab5-5a2c-9637-3eeb1d3d5975.html">"Things that go bump in the night"</a>. <i>Santa Fe New Mexican</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Santa+Fe+New+Mexican&rft.atitle=Things+that+go+bump+in+the+night&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.aulast=Nott&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafenewmexican.com%2Fpasatiempo%2Fbooks%2Fnew-mexico-s-portal-to-the-otherworldly-skeptic-benjamin-radford%2Farticle_1950396e-3ab5-5a2c-9637-3eeb1d3d5975.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MCSSKEPTICAMP-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MCSSKEPTICAMP_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerbic2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Gerbic" title="Susan Gerbic">Gerbic, Susan</a> (February 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916183314/https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/mcs_skepticamp">"Local Skeptical Outreach & Activism: Monterey County Skepticamp"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/mcs_skepticamp">the original</a> on September 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Skeptical+Outreach+%26+Activism%3A+Monterey+County+Skepticamp&rft.date=2017-02-03&rft.aulast=Gerbic&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fspecialarticles%2Fshow%2Fmcs_skepticamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2010" class="citation book cs1">Radford, Benjamin (2010). <i>Scientific Paranormal Investigation</i>. Rhombus Publishing. p. 192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scientific+Paranormal+Investigation&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Rhombus+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2005" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (April 15, 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/horrors/ghosts/amityville.asp"><i>The Amityville Horror</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amityville+Horror&rft.pub=Snopes.com&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fhorrors%2Fghosts%2Famityville.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2007" class="citation cs2">Radford, Benjamin (July 21, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/science/stats/10percent.asp"><i>The Ten Percent Myth</i></a>, Snopes.com<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Percent+Myth&rft.pub=Snopes.com&rft.date=2007-07-21&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fscience%2Fstats%2F10percent.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140304173749/http://meettheskeptics.libsyn.com/mts-meet-ben-radford">"Meet the Skeptics!: Meet Ben Radford"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meettheskeptics.libsyn.com/mts-meet-ben-radford">the original</a> on March 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Skeptics%21%3A+Meet+Ben+Radford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeettheskeptics.libsyn.com%2Fmts-meet-ben-radford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radford_2010_42–51-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Radford_2010_42–51_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Radford_2010_42–51_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2010" class="citation book cs1">Radford, Benjamin (2010). <i>Scientific Paranormal Investigation</i>. 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Roots of Reality – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2327+Science-Based+Paranormal+Investigations+with+Ben+Radford&rft.pub=Roots+of+Reality&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.au=Baumann%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtwR-0aj42oA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Radford" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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