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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Nelson_(Richter)" title="Samuel Nelson (Richter) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samuel Nelson (Richter)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samuel Nelson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Samuel Nelson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="סמואל נלסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמואל נלסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="صموئيل نيلسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صموئيل نيلسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Nelson" title="Samuel Nelson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samuel Nelson" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US Supreme Court justice from 1845 to 1872</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Northern Irish footballer, see <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Nelson" title="Sammy Nelson">Sammy Nelson</a>. For the Irish businessman, see <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Neilson" title="Samuel Neilson">Samuel Neilson</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Samuel Nelson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/220px-Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/440px-Samuel_Nelson_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2982" data-file-height="3783" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Samuel Nelson, by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1855-65</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 27, 1845 – November 28, 1872<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Smith Thompson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt" title="Ward Hunt">Ward Hunt</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1792-11-10</span>)</span>November 10, 1792<br /><a href="/wiki/Hebron,_New_York" title="Hebron, New York">Hebron</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">December 13, 1873<span style="display:none">(1873-12-13)</span> (aged 81)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York" title="Cooperstown, New York">Cooperstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Pamela Woods<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1819; died 1825)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Catherine Russell<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1825)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8, including <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Nelson" title="Rensselaer Nelson">Rensselaer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_(1792%E2%80%931873)_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Samuel Nelson's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_%281792%E2%80%931873%29_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png/128px-Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_%281792%E2%80%931873%29_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_%281792%E2%80%931873%29_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png/192px-Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_%281792%E2%80%931873%29_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_%281792%E2%80%931873%29_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png/256px-Signature_of_Samuel_Nelson_%281792%E2%80%931873%29_from_Encyclopedia_of_Biography_of_New_York.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="109" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samuel Nelson</b> (November 10, 1792 – December 13, 1873)<sup id="cite_ref-SNObit1873_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNObit1873-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">attorney</a> and appointed as judge of New York State courts. He was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court">Justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, serving from 1845 to 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-SNfjc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNfjc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concurred on the 1857 <i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott</a></i> decision, although for reasons different from Chief Justice Taney's. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nelson was born in <a href="/wiki/Hebron,_New_York" title="Hebron, New York">Hebron, New York</a> on November 10, 1792, the son of <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a> immigrants John Rodgers Nelson and his wife Jean McArthur.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nelson's family was upper middle class, with a prosperous family farm. Nelson was educated in the public schools of Hebron, with an additional three years in private schooling for college preparation. He entered <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. </p><p>His initial intention was to pursue a career as a minister.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon graduation in 1813, Nelson decided on a legal career. He <a href="/wiki/Read_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Read law">read law</a> as an apprentice at the firm of <a href="/wiki/John_Savage_(American_politician,_born_1779)" title="John Savage (American politician, born 1779)">John Savage</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Woods_(New_York_politician)" title="David Woods (New York politician)">David Woods</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salem,_New_York" title="Salem, New York">Salem, New York</a>. Two years later, Savage and Woods dissolved their practice. Nelson moved to <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_New_York" title="Madison County, New York">Madison County</a> to enter into partnership with Woods. Nelson received his license to practice law in 1817, and entered private practice in <a href="/wiki/Cortland,_New_York" title="Cortland, New York">Cortland</a>. He developed a very successful practice, specializing in real estate and commercial law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nelson was <a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_presidential_election" title="1820 United States presidential election">a presidential elector in 1820</a>, voting for <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a>. Nelson served as US Postmaster of Cortland from 1820 to 1823. </p><p>In 1821, Nelson served as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Constitution#Constitutional_Convention_of_1821" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Constitution">New York Constitutional Convention</a>, as one of the "<a href="/wiki/Bucktails" title="Bucktails">Bucktails</a>" faction led by <a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Buren" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin van Buren">Martin van Buren</a>. Nelson argued for expansion of suffrage and for restructuring the state judiciary. The revised constitution was adopted, and the state created eight new <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Circuit_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Circuit Courts">Circuit Courts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_State_judge">New York State judge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New York State judge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1823, Governor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._Yates" title="Joseph C. Yates">Joseph Yates</a> appointed Nelson as a justice of the new Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, beginning Nelson's judicial career. He became noted for his work in admiralty and maritime law, and his decisions were rarely appealed.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After eight years as a circuit court judge, Nelson was appointed in 1831 to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> (then called the New York Supreme Court of Judicature)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Governor <a href="/wiki/Enos_Throop" class="mw-redirect" title="Enos Throop">Enos Throop</a>. In 1837, Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Marcy" class="mw-redirect" title="William Marcy">William Marcy</a> promoted him to the position of chief justice, succeeding John Savage.<sup id="cite_ref-nelson_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nelson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a justice of the New York Supreme Court, Nelson made his most notable decisions about commercial issues. But his ruling in the case of <i>Jack v. Martin</i> (1834), which touched New York state law in relation to the federal <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1793" title="Fugitive Slave Act of 1793">Fugitive Slave Act of 1793</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Clause" title="Fugitive Slave Clause">Fugitive Slave Clause</a> of the Constitution, may have foreshadowed his concurring opinion in <i>Dred Scott</i>. Nelson said that only the federal government had the right to legislate on the issue of fugitive slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-jack_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jack-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1845, Nelson was <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections_in_New_York,_1845" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections in New York, 1845">an unsuccessful candidate for U.S. Senator</a> in a special <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> election to fill the seat of <a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Silas Wright</a>. At that time the New York state Democrats were split between factions known as <a href="/wiki/Barnburners_and_Hunkers" title="Barnburners and Hunkers">Barnburners and Hunkers</a>, and Nelson was identified with the Hunkers. His Barnburner opponent, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">John Adams Dix</a>, won the party's nomination and the Senate seat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court">Supreme Court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Supreme Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 4, 1845, Nelson was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> as an associate justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, to fill the vacant seat of <a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Smith Thompson</a>. The unpopular Tyler had failed repeatedly to fill the Thompson vacancy, with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Whig_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Whig Party">Whig</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> rejecting his earlier nominations of <a href="/wiki/John_C._Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Spencer">John C. Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Walworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuben Walworth">Reuben Walworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_King_(jurist)" title="Edward King (jurist)">Edward King</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_M._Read" title="John M. Read">John M. Read</a>. </p><p>Tyler's nomination of Nelson was a surprise, but proved to be a popular choice. Nelson was a highly respected chief justice on the New York Supreme Court, and had a reputation of staying out of partisan conflict. The Whigs found Nelson acceptable because, although he was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, he had a reputation as a careful and uncontroversial jurist. The Senate confirmed Nelson's appointment on February 14, 1845, after just ten days. Samuel Nelson was the only Supreme Court Justice to be appointed by President Tyler.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A diligent but politically neutral member of the Supreme Court, Nelson became an authority on international, admiralty, maritime, and patent law and often addressed himself primarily to the technical aspects of the cases before the court.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase,_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment,_in_the_Senate_Chamber,_Washington,_D.C.,_on_the_5th_March_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase%2C_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment%2C_in_the_Senate_Chamber%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_on_the_5th_March_%281%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase%2C_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment%2C_in_the_Senate_Chamber%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_on_the_5th_March_%281%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Judge_Nelson_Administering_the_Oath_to_Chief_Justice_Chase%2C_as_Presiding_Officer_of_the_Court_of_Impeachment%2C_in_the_Senate_Chamber%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_on_the_5th_March_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Nelson (left) administers oath to <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As associate justice, Nelson administered the oath to <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> took for presiding over the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson">impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nelson served as a Justice for 27 years, until his retirement on November 28, 1872. Justice Nelson was a constitutionally conservative Democrat. He could also be described as a judicial minimalist, meaning he frequently took a moderate stance in cases offering a small, case-specific interpretation of the law, and placed a strong emphasis on precedent. While Nelson was a strong supporter of the Union, he often criticized President Lincoln's policies and did not believe that the Union could be saved in any worthwhile state through the use of force. While Justice Nelson remained relatively non-partisan, he did side frequently with Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> and Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">John Archibald Campbell</a>. Nelson also rather frequently disagreed with Justice <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Benjamin Robbins Curtis</a>. Justice Nelson remained good friends with Chief Justice Taney throughout his lifetime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pennsylvania_v._Wheeling"><i>Pennsylvania v. Wheeling</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pennsylvania v. Wheeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Justice Nelson's most important opinions was in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_v._Wheeling_and_Belmont_Bridge_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania v. Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company">Pennsylvania v. Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company</a></i> in 1855. The Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> sued the builders of <a href="/wiki/Wheeling_Suspension_Bridge" title="Wheeling Suspension Bridge">a suspension bridge over the Ohio River at Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia)</a>, chartered by Virginia. It said that the bridge obstructed the passage of steamboats, interfering with interstate commerce, and was therefore a public nuisance.<sup id="cite_ref-PvW&BBC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PvW&BBC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The suit was litigated for six years and came before the Supreme Court three different times before Justice Nelson's opinion ended it. The Court found that the bridge did qualify as a public nuisance. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> enacted a law authorizing the bridge at its current height. In its final ruling, written by Nelson, the Court deferred to the legislative branch, overruling its previous decision. It declared that the bridge was not an obstruction to interstate commerce. Nelson drew this conclusion stating, "So far, therefore, as this bridge created an obstruction to the free navigation of the river, in view of the previous acts of Congress, they are to be regarded as modified by this subsequent legislation; and, although it still may be an obstruction in fact, is not so in the contemplation of law."<sup id="cite_ref-one_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hotchkiss_v._Greenwood"><i>Hotchkiss v. Greenwood</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hotchkiss v. Greenwood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nelson was also the author of the well-known <i><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_v._Greenwood" title="Hotchkiss v. Greenwood">Hotchkiss v. Greenwood</a></i> opinion in patent law. This opinion established the principle that <a href="/wiki/Inventive_step_and_non-obviousness" title="Inventive step and non-obviousness">obvious</a> inventions should not be patentable, which has been a core doctrine of U.S. and international patent law ever since. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slavery_and_states_rights">Slavery and states rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Slavery and states rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Justice Nelson was one of the most prolific opinion writers of the Taney era, but few of his opinions and decisions concerned the most important constitutional questions of the day: slavery and states rights. </p><p>In 1834 Mary Martin claimed that Jack "Martin", a black man in New York, was her slave in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. She filed suit for his return to Louisiana. Jack resisted, claiming that as both he and Mary Martin were currently residents of New York, he was free by New York law, which had abolished slavery. New York had separately passed a law related to procedure for the recovery of fugitive slaves. The Recorder of New York City had issued a certificate to recover Jack Martin, but also issued a writ of <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i> by his petition. The circuit court ruled for Ms. Martin, but the case was appealed to the New York Supreme Court. That court's ruling, written by Nelson, found that the power to legislate on the subject of the fugitive slave clause resided exclusively with Congress, and that the New York law was void. This position was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in <i><a href="/wiki/Prigg_v._Pennsylvania" title="Prigg v. Pennsylvania">Prigg v. Pennsylvania</a></i> (1842).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dred_Scott"><i>Dred Scott</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dred Scott"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>Dred Scott</i>, Nelson was originally assigned to write the majority opinion. That opinion upheld the decision of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> state court against Scott (in <i>Scott v. Emerson</i>), but on the narrow grounds of whether Scott was freed by his temporary residence in a free state. Nelson, avoiding controversy and partisanship as usual, did not address any of the other questions raised in the case, such as black citizenship and the constitutionality of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>. </p><p>While Justice Nelson was preparing this opinion, Justices McLean and Curtis decided to write vehement dissenting opinions. Learning this, Chief Justice Taney, supported by the other southern Justices, decided to write a majority opinion asserting the southern view on those issues: that blacks could not be citizens and the Compromise's restrictions on slavery were unconstitutional. </p><p>Despite this switch within the Court, Justice Nelson's views did not change. On March 6, 1857, the Court ruled 7–2 that Dred Scott and his family remained slaves. Justice Nelson concurred in the decision. He issued a separate concurring opinion explaining his different reasoning. He wrote that the question of slavery is one that each state is responsible in deciding for itself, "either by its Legislature or courts of justice, and hence, in respect to the case before us, to the State of Missouri – a question exclusively of Missouri law, and which, when determined by that State, it is the duty of the Federal courts to follow it. In other words, except in cases where the power is restrained by the Constitution of the United States, the law of the State is supreme over the subject of slavery within its jurisdiction."<sup id="cite_ref-two_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-two-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the Federal courts had no jurisdiction, and the appeal should be dismissed with no further discussion. While his reasoning was different from Taney's, he upheld the ruling that Dred Scott was still enslaved. Nelson was a northern Democrat and a Unionist, and was said to be inclined to anti-slavery views. </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, Nelson worked to reach a compromise to prevent a war. In the winter of 1861 Justice Nelson joined Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">John Campbell</a> as intermediaries between southern secessionists and President-elect Lincoln. Even after the fighting started, he tried to find a compromise. Nelson was distressed at this failure. Although staunchly opposed to war and critical of many of Lincoln's policies, he remained loyal to the Union. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prize_Cases"><i>Prize Cases</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prize Cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Justice Nelson's more noted opinions was his dissent issued in the <i><a href="/wiki/Prize_Cases" title="Prize Cases">Prize Cases</a></i>. President Lincoln had declared a blockade of ports in states that had declared secession, to be enforced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>. Navy ships captured blockade runners, which were seized as <a href="/wiki/Prize_(law)" title="Prize (law)">prizes</a> under admiralty law. The owners sued for return of their ships, claiming that the blockade was illegal because the President did not have the constitutional authority to declare it.<sup id="cite_ref-casebriefs_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casebriefs-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1863, the Court, by vote of 5 to 4, found that the blockade was constitutional. Justice Nelson wrote the dissenting opinion, joined by Chief Justice Taney and Justices Catron and Clifford. He asserted that blockading ports and confiscating enemy property were war powers, and under international law could be exercised only after a formal declaration of war. Nelson wrote that "war cannot lawfully be commenced on the part of the United States without an act of Congress, such act is, of course, a formal notice to all the world, and equivalent to the most solemn declaration."<sup id="cite_ref-three_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-three-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the blockade of southern ports by President Lincoln was unconstitutional. Nelson was widely criticized for this opinion. </p><p>After the war Nelson urged the administration to reduce the penalties on the defeated South. Nelson's loyalty to the Union was questioned because of his positions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1871, President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> appointed Nelson to serve on the joint high commission to arbitrate the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Claims" title="Alabama Claims"><i>Alabama</i> Claims</a>. During this time he took a leave of absence from the bench. Soon thereafter, Nelson became ill. He resigned from the commission in 1872, shortly before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-1873Tributes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1873Tributes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1819 Nelson married Pamela Woods, the daughter of David Woods and his wife. They had two children before her death. </p><p>In 1825, the widower married again, to Catharine Ann Russell (1805–1875), a daughter of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(New_York_politician)" title="John Russell (New York politician)">John Russell</a>. He brought his two children to the marriage and had six children with Catharine. His fourth child with Catharine, son <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_Nelson" title="Rensselaer Nelson">Rensselaer Russell Nelson</a> (1826–1904), became an attorney. He was appointed as the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">United States District Court Judge for the District of Minnesota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SNObit1873_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNObit1873-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Samuel Nelson died in <a href="/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York" title="Cooperstown, New York">Cooperstown, New York</a>, on December 13, 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-SNObit1873_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNObit1873-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried at Cooperstown's Lakewood Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1873Tributes_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1873Tributes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nelson received the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degree</a> of <a href="/wiki/Legum_Doctor" title="Legum Doctor">LL.D.</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hobart_and_William_Smith_Colleges" title="Hobart and William Smith Colleges">Geneva College</a> in 1837 and Middlebury College in 1841. He received honorary LL.D. degrees from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_College_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton College (New York)">Hamilton College</a> in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-insidegov_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insidegov-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His law office was preserved as part of the <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Museum" title="Farmers' Museum">Farmers' Museum</a> in Cooperstown.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_judges_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of United States federal judges by longevity of service">List of United States federal judges by longevity of service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx">"Justices 1789 to Present"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Justices+1789+to+Present&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fabout%2Fmembers_text.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SNObit1873-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SNObit1873_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SNObit1873_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SNObit1873_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1873/12/14/79059516.pdf">"Obituary: Ex-Judge Samuel Nelson"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 14, 1873. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Ex-Judge+Samuel+Nelson&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1873-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1873%2F12%2F14%2F79059516.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SNfjc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SNfjc_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1385636">"Nelson, Samuel"</a>. <i>www.fjc.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716170052/https://www.fjc.gov/node/1385636">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fjc.gov&rft.atitle=Nelson%2C+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fnode%2F1385636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/justices/samuel_nelson">"Samuel Nelson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oyez_Project" title="Oyez Project">Oyez Project</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago-Kent_College_of_Law" title="Chicago-Kent College of Law">Chicago-Kent College of Law</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212051502/https://www.oyez.org/justices/samuel_nelson">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oyez+Project&rft.atitle=Samuel+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyez.org%2Fjustices%2Fsamuel_nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Nelson">"Samuel Nelson | United States jurist | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Samuel+Nelson+%7C+United+States+jurist+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSamuel-Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nelson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nelson_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-02/history-era-02-nelson.html">Important Figures: "Samuel Nelson"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025095734/http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-02/history-era-02-nelson.html">Archived</a> October 25, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York Legal History, 1777–1846, HISTORICAL SOCIETY of the NEW YORK COURTS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In New York State the Supreme Court, then and now, is a trial court of "supreme" jurisdiction. New York's top appellate court is the Court of Appeals.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jack-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jack_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-02/history-new-york-legal-eras-jack-martin.html"><i>Jack v. Martin</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163917/http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-02/history-new-york-legal-eras-jack-martin.html">Archived</a> December 8, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York Legal History, 1777–1846, HISTORICAL SOCIETY of the NEW YORK COURTS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelman1994" class="citation journal cs1">Finkelman, Paul (December 1994). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-5818.1994.tb00022.x">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Hooted Down the Page of History': Reconsidering The Greatness of Chief Justice Taney"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Supreme_Court_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Supreme Court History">Journal of Supreme Court History</a></i>. <b>19</b> (1). Wiley-Blackwell: 83–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-5818.1994.tb00022.x">10.1111/j.1540-5818.1994.tb00022.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143536949">143536949</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513185744/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-5818.1994.tb00022.x">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Supreme+Court+History&rft.atitle=%27Hooted+Down+the+Page+of+History%27%3A+Reconsidering+The+Greatness+of+Chief+Justice+Taney&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-102&rft.date=1994-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-5818.1994.tb00022.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143536949%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Finkelman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-5818.1994.tb00022.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGatell1969" class="citation book cs1">Gatell, Frank Otto (1969). "Samuel Nelson". In Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.). <i>The Justices of the United States Supreme Court, 1789-1969: Their Lives and Major Opinions</i>. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House">Chelsea House</a>. pp. 817–829.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samuel+Nelson&rft.btitle=The+Justices+of+the+United+States+Supreme+Court%2C+1789-1969%3A+Their+Lives+and+Major+Opinions&rft.pages=817-829&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gatell&rft.aufirst=Frank+Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Nelson">"Samuel Nelson | United States jurist | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Samuel+Nelson+%7C+United+States+jurist+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSamuel-Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.andrewjohnson.com/14RulesOfImpeachment/RulesOfImpeachOath.htm">"Oath to Rules of Impeachment"</a>. <i>www.andrewjohnson.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.andrewjohnson.com&rft.atitle=Oath+to+Rules+of+Impeachment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.andrewjohnson.com%2F14RulesOfImpeachment%2FRulesOfImpeachOath.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PvW&BBC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PvW&BBC_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/59/421/case.html">"Pennsylvania v. Wheeling & Belmont Bridge Company, 59 U.S. 421 (1855)"</a>. <i>supreme.justia.com</i>. Justia Law. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208094652/https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/59/421/case.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=supreme.justia.com&rft.atitle=Pennsylvania+v.+Wheeling+%26+Belmont+Bridge+Company%2C+59+U.S.+421+%281855%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupreme.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fus%2F59%2F421%2Fcase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-one-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-one_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company,</i> 59 U.S. 421, 435 (1852).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-two-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-two_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dred Scott v. Sandford</i>, 60 U.S. 393, 460 (1857).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-casebriefs-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-casebriefs_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/constitutional-law/constitutional-law-keyed-to-cohen/separation-of-powers/the-prize-cases/">"The Prize Cases"</a>. <i>www.casebriefs.com</i>. Casebriefs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151217225935/http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/constitutional-law/constitutional-law-keyed-to-cohen/separation-of-powers/the-prize-cases/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.casebriefs.com&rft.atitle=The+Prize+Cases&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.casebriefs.com%2Fblog%2Flaw%2Fconstitutional-law%2Fconstitutional-law-keyed-to-cohen%2Fseparation-of-powers%2Fthe-prize-cases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-three-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-three_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prize Cases, 67 of U.S. 635, 687 (1863).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kermit L. Hall/Timothy S. Huebner, <i>Major Problems in American Constitutional History: Documents and Essays</i> | 2nd Edition, Boston: Wadsworth, 1992; ABC-CLIO, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1873Tributes-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1873Tributes_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1873Tributes_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1873/12/16/79059683.pdf">"Judge Nelson's Death.; Tributes From Bench and Bar.; Meeting of the Bar of This Circuit a Delegation to Attend the Funeral Appointed.; The United States Courts. Court of Oyer and Terminer. The Civil Courts. Arrangements for the Funeral of Judge Nelson. A Singular Verdict. Close of the Britton Investigation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. December 16, 1873. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Judge+Nelson%27s+Death.%3B+Tributes+From+Bench+and+Bar.%3B+Meeting+of+the+Bar+of+This+Circuit+a+Delegation+to+Attend+the+Funeral+Appointed.%3B+The+United+States+Courts.+Court+of+Oyer+and+Terminer.+The+Civil+Courts.+Arrangements+for+the+Funeral+of+Judge+Nelson.+A+Singular+Verdict.+Close+of+the+Britton+Investigation.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1873-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1873%2F12%2F16%2F79059683.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parrish, "Samuel Nelson." New York: Garland, 1994. pp. 337–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insidegov-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-insidegov_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme-court-justices.insidegov.com/l/29/Samuel-Nelson">"Samuel Nelson"</a>. <i>supreme-court-justices.insidegov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706091758/http://supreme-court-justices.insidegov.com/l/29/Samuel-Nelson">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=supreme-court-justices.insidegov&rft.atitle=Samuel+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupreme-court-justices.insidegov.com%2Fl%2F29%2FSamuel-Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farmersmuseum.org/node/1157">"Historic Structures – Samuel Nelson Law Office | The Farmers' Museum"</a>. Farmersmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811222158/http://www.farmersmuseum.org/node/1157">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Structures+%E2%80%93+Samuel+Nelson+Law+Office+%26%23124%3B+The+Farmers%27+Museum&rft.pub=Farmersmuseum.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farmersmuseum.org%2Fnode%2F1157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamuel+Nelson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Nelson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1385636">Samuel Nelson</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5672">Samuel Nelson</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samuel_Nelson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Samuel Nelson">Samuel Nelson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Smith Thompson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice of the<br />Supreme Court of the United States</a> </b><br />1845–1872 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt" title="Ward Hunt">Ward Hunt</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Template:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Template talk:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUS_Justices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUS Justices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd flatlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Chief_justices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief justices</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jay_Court" title="Jay Court">1789–1795</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Jay_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Jay Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">John Rutledge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rutledge_Court" title="Rutledge Court">1795</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rutledge_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rutledge Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth" title="Oliver Ellsworth">Oliver Ellsworth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Court" title="Ellsworth Court">1796–1800</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Ellsworth_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Ellsworth Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marshall_Court" title="Marshall Court">1801–1835</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Marshall_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Marshall Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Roger B. Taney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">1836–1864</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taney_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chase_Court" title="Chase Court">1864–1873</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Chase_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Waite" title="Morrison Waite">Morrison Waite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Waite_Court" title="Waite Court">1874–1888</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Waite_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Waite Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Fuller" title="Melville Fuller">Melville Fuller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuller_Court" title="Fuller Court">1888–1910</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Fuller_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Fuller Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">Edward Douglass White</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Court_(justices)" title="White Court (justices)">1910–1921</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_White_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the White Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taft_Court" title="Taft Court">1921–1930</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taft_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hughes_Court" title="Hughes Court">1930–1941</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Hughes_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Hughes Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stone_Court" title="Stone Court">1941–1946</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Stone_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Stone Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Fred M. Vinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vinson_Court" title="Vinson Court">1946–1953</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Vinson_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Vinson Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Warren_Court" title="Warren Court">1953–1969</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Warren_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Warren E. Burger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burger_Court" title="Burger Court">1969–1986</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Burger_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rehnquist_Court" title="Rehnquist Court">1986–2005</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rehnquist_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court">cases</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roberts_Court" title="Roberts Court">2005–present</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Roberts_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court">cases</a></i>)</li></ol> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd flatlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Associate_justices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate justices</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ol><li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">J. Rutledge</a>* (1790–1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">Cushing</a> (1790–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">Wilson</a> (1789–1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blair_Jr." title="John Blair Jr.">Blair</a> (1790–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iredell" title="James Iredell">Iredell</a> (1790–1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(judge)" title="Thomas Johnson (judge)">T. Johnson</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paterson_(judge)" title="William Paterson (judge)">Paterson</a> (1793–1806)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">S. Chase</a> (1796–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Washington</a> (1798–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore" title="Alfred Moore">Moore</a> (1800–1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Johnson_(judge)" title="William Johnson (judge)">W. Johnson</a> (1804–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brockholst_Livingston" title="Henry Brockholst Livingston">Livingston</a> (1807–1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Todd" title="Thomas Todd">Todd</a> (1807–1826)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Duvall" title="Gabriel Duvall">Duvall</a> (1811–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a> (1812–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Thompson" title="Smith Thompson">Thompson</a> (1823–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trimble" title="Robert Trimble">Trimble</a> (1826–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">McLean</a> (1829–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Baldwin_(judge)" title="Henry Baldwin (judge)">Baldwin</a> (1830–1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="James Moore Wayne">Wayne</a> (1835–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catron" title="John Catron">Catron</a> (1837–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">McKinley</a> (1838–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_V._Daniel" title="Peter V. Daniel">Daniel</a> (1842–1860)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nelson</a> (1845–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a> (1845–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cooper_Grier" title="Robert Cooper Grier">Grier</a> (1846–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Curtis</a> (1851–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">Campbell</a> (1853–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a> (1858–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Haynes_Swayne" title="Noah Haynes Swayne">Swayne</a> (1862–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Freeman_Miller" title="Samuel Freeman Miller">Miller</a> (1862–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1862–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Field</a> (1863–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Strong_(Pennsylvania_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)">Strong</a> (1870–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Bradley" title="Joseph P. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1870–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt" title="Ward Hunt">Hunt</a> (1873–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan" title="John Marshall Harlan">J. M. Harlan</a> (1877–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burnham_Woods" title="William Burnham Woods">Woods</a> (1881–1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Matthews_(judge)" title="Stanley Matthews (judge)">Matthews</a> (1881–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Gray" title="Horace Gray">Gray</a> (1882–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blatchford" title="Samuel Blatchford">Blatchford</a> (1882–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar" title="Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar">L. Lamar</a> (1888–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Brewer" title="David J. Brewer">Brewer</a> (1890–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Billings_Brown" title="Henry Billings Brown">Brown</a> (1891–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shiras_Jr." title="George Shiras Jr.">Shiras</a> (1892–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_E._Jackson" title="Howell E. Jackson">H. Jackson</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Douglass_White" title="Edward Douglass White">E. White</a>* (1894–1910)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_W._Peckham" title="Rufus W. Peckham">Peckham</a> (1896–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">McKenna</a> (1898–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Holmes</a> (1902–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">Day</a> (1903–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a> (1906–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Harmon_Lurton" title="Horace Harmon Lurton">Lurton</a> (1910–1914)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a>* (1910–1916)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Van_Devanter" title="Willis Van Devanter">Van Devanter</a> (1911–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rucker_Lamar" title="Joseph Rucker Lamar">J. Lamar</a> (1911–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Pitney" title="Mahlon Pitney">Pitney</a> (1912–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_McReynolds" title="James Clark McReynolds">McReynolds</a> (1914–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a> (1916–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hessin_Clarke" title="John Hessin Clarke">Clarke</a> (1916–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a> (1922–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(judge)" title="Pierce Butler (judge)">Butler</a> (1923–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a> (1923–1930)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Stone</a>* (1925–1941)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Roberts" title="Owen Roberts">O. Roberts</a> (1930–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a> (1932–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Black</a> (1937–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Forman_Reed" title="Stanley Forman Reed">Reed</a> (1938–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter" title="Felix Frankfurter">Frankfurter</a> (1939–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas</a> (1939–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Murphy</a> (1940–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">R. Jackson</a> (1941–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley_Rutledge" title="Wiley Rutledge">W. Rutledge</a> (1943–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Burton" title="Harold H. Burton">Burton</a> (1945–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">Clark</a> (1949–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Minton</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">J. M. Harlan II</a> (1955–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">Brennan</a> (1956–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a> (1957–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Stewart</a> (1958–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">B. White</a> (1962–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Goldberg</a> (1962–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Fortas" title="Abe Fortas">Fortas</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">T. Marshall</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Blackmun</a> (1970–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr." title="Lewis F. Powell Jr.">Powell</a> (1972–1987)</li> <li><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a>* (1972–1986)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">Stevens</a> (1975–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a> (1981–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a> (1986–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1988–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">Souter</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a> (1991–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a> (1993–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Breyer</a> (1994–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">K. Jackson</a> (2022–present)</li></ol> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeff;color:black;">*<i>Also served as Chief Justice of the United States</i></span></div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taney_Court_(1836–1864)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taney_Court" title="Template:Taney Court"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taney_Court" title="Template talk:Taney Court"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taney_Court" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taney Court"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taney_Court_(1836–1864)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taney_Court" title="Taney Court">Taney Court</a> (1836–1864)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Justices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_P._Barbour" title="Philip P. Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Catron" title="John Catron">Catron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKinley" title="John McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vivian_Daniel" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Vivian Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Woodbury" title="Levi Woodbury">Woodbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cooper_Grier" title="Robert Cooper Grier">Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robbins_Curtis" title="Benjamin Robbins Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Campbell" title="John Archibald Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Haynes_Swayne" title="Noah Haynes Swayne">Swayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Freeman_Miller" title="Samuel Freeman Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Field</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/90px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/135px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/180px-Roger_B._Taney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4413" data-file-height="6402" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taney_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court">Decisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peters_(reporter)" title="Richard Peters (reporter)">Pet.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_35" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 35">35 (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_36" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 36">36 (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_37" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 37">37 (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_38" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 38">38 (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_39" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 39">39 (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_40" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 40">40 (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_41" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 41">41 (16)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew_Howard" title="Benjamin Chew Howard">How.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_42" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 42">42 (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_43" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 43">43 (2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_44" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 44">44 (3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_45" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 45">45 (4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_46" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 46">46 (5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_47" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 47">47 (6)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_48" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 48">48 (7)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_49" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 49">49 (8)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_50" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 50">50 (9)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_51" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 51">51 (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_52" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 52">52 (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_53" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 53">53 (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_54" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 54">54 (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_55" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 55">55 (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_56" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 56">56 (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_57" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 57">57 (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_58" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 58">58 (17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_59" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 59">59 (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_60" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 60">60 (19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_61" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 61">61 (20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_62" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 62">62 (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_63" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 63">63 (22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_64" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 64">64 (23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_65" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 65">65 (24)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Black</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_66" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 66">66 (1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_67" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 67">67 (2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Wallace" title="John William Wallace">Wall.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_68" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 68">68 (1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title_in_the_Taney_Court" title="Aboriginal title in the Taney Court">Aboriginal title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law_in_the_Taney_Court" title="Criminal law in the Taney Court">Criminal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">Landmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Bridge_v._Warren_Bridge" title="Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge">Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._The_Amistad" title="United States v. The Amistad">United States v. The Amistad</a></i> (1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luther_v._Borden" title="Luther v. Borden">Luther v. Borden</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooley_v._Board_of_Wardens" title="Cooley v. Board of Wardens">Cooley v. Board of Wardens</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ableman_v._Booth" title="Ableman v. Booth">Ableman v. Booth</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prize_Cases" title="Prize Cases">Prize Cases</a></i> (1863)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_and_Ninth_Circuits_Act_of_1837" title="Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837">Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Circuit_Act_of_1863" title="Tenth Circuit Act of 1863">Tenth Circuit Act of 1863</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1717971#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1717971#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1717971#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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