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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landscape,_geology,_and_natural_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Metacomet_Ridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Metacomet_Ridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The Metacomet Ridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Metacomet_Ridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_upland_plateau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_upland_plateau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The upland plateau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_upland_plateau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiking_the_trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiking_the_trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hiking the trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiking_the_trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_and_maintenance_of_the_trail_corridor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_and_maintenance_of_the_trail_corridor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conservation and maintenance of the trail corridor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation_and_maintenance_of_the_trail_corridor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&params=42.55_N_72.45_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">72°27′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.55°N 72.45°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.55; -72.45</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hiking trail in United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Trail" title="Metacomet Trail">Metacomet Trail</a> in Connecticut.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lightgray">Metacomet-Monadnock Trail</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Tom_Massachusetts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Mount_Tom_Massachusetts.jpg/264px-Mount_Tom_Massachusetts.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Mount_Tom_Massachusetts.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="444" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Trap rock cliffs along the M&M Trail on the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_Range" title="Mount Tom Range">Mount Tom Range</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">110 mi (180 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Massachusetts and New Hampshire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designation</th><td class="infobox-data">Massachusetts section is part of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England National Scenic Trail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Use</th><td class="infobox-data">hiking, snowshoeing, other</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a>, 3,165 ft (965 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>, 89 ft (27 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Difficulty</th><td class="infobox-data">easy, with difficult sections</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Season</th><td class="infobox-data">easiest spring to fall</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hazards_of_outdoor_recreation" title="Hazards of outdoor recreation">Hazards</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ixodes_scapularis" title="Ixodes scapularis">deer ticks</a>, weather, <a href="/wiki/Poison_ivy" title="Poison ivy">poison ivy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Metacomet-Monadnock Trail</b> (M&M Trail) is a 114-mile-long (183 km) <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a> trail that traverses the <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Ridge" title="Metacomet Ridge">Metacomet Ridge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> and the central uplands of Massachusetts and southern <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. Although less than 70 miles (110 km) from <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and other large population centers, the trail is considered remarkably rural and scenic and includes many areas of unique ecologic, historic, and geologic interest. Notable features include waterfalls, dramatic cliff faces, exposed mountain summits, woodlands, swamps, lakes, river floodplain, farmland, significant historic sites, and the summits of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_(Massachusetts)" title="Mount Tom (Massachusetts)">Mount Tom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke" title="Mount Holyoke">Mount Holyoke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail is maintained largely through the efforts of the Western Massachusetts Chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC). Much of the trail (but not all) is a portion of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England National Scenic Trail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newenglandnst.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenglandnst.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trail_description">Trail description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Trail description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cragmountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Cragmountain.jpg/205px-Cragmountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Cragmountain.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Crag_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Crag Mountain (Massachusetts)">Crag Mountain</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a> peak on the M&M Trail in <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Massachusetts" title="Northfield, Massachusetts">Northfield, Massachusetts</a>. Northfield Reservoir visible in the background. As of the summer 2013 Crag Mountain is no longer part of the M&M trail that has been rerouted to the road. (see photograph below)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail extends from the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> border through <a href="/wiki/Hampden_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampden County, Massachusetts">Hampden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin County, Massachusetts">Franklin</a>, and northwestern <a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester</a> counties in Massachusetts, and <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Cheshire County, New Hampshire">Cheshire County</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. The southern terminus of the trail is located in southeast <a href="/wiki/Southwick,_Massachusetts" title="Southwick, Massachusetts">Southwick, Massachusetts</a>, at Rising Corner Road and is identified with a kiosk. Geographically it begins near the gap between West Suffield Mountain and Provin Mountain, southwest of the city of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>; the northern terminus is located on the summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a> in southern New Hampshire. The <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Trail" title="Metacomet Trail">Metacomet Trail</a> in Connecticut and the <a href="/wiki/Monadnock-Sunapee_Greenway" title="Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway">Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway Trail</a> in New Hampshire continue where the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail leaves off. These trails extend the overall hiking possibilities another 101 miles (163 km) to the south (along the Metacomet Trail and its logical extension, the <a href="/wiki/Mattabesett_Trail" title="Mattabesett Trail">Mattabesett Trail</a>), and 50 miles (80 km) farther north into central New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other long hiking trails that intersect the M&M Trail include the 47-mile (76 km) <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost_Trail_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Frost Trail (Massachusetts)">Robert Frost Trail (Massachusetts)</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a> region, and the 22-mile (35 km) <a href="/wiki/Tully_Trail" title="Tully Trail">Tully Trail</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Royalston,_Massachusetts" title="Royalston, Massachusetts">Royalston</a> area. Significant networks of shorter hiking trails intersect the M&M trail, most notably on the <a href="/wiki/Holyoke_Range" title="Holyoke Range">Holyoke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_Range" title="Mount Tom Range">Mount Tom</a> ranges, in <a href="/wiki/Wendell_State_Forest" title="Wendell State Forest">Wendell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erving_State_Forest" title="Erving State Forest">Erving State Forests</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Northfield_Mountain" title="Northfield Mountain">Northfield Mountain</a>, and on Mount Monadnock.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-T_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The M&M trail is primarily used for <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Backpacking_(wilderness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backpacking (wilderness)">backpacking</a>, and in the winter, <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">snowshoeing</a>. Portions of the trail are suitable for, and are used for, trail running, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain biking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a>. Site specific activities enjoyed along the route include <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horseback_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Horseback riding">horseback riding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boating" title="Boating">boating</a> (on the Connecticut River), <a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">bouldering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DCR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DPR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DPR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ryan1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_section">Southern section</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Southern section"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bare_mountain_talus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bare_mountain_talus.jpg/220px-Bare_mountain_talus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bare_mountain_talus.jpg/330px-Bare_mountain_talus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bare_mountain_talus.jpg/440px-Bare_mountain_talus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption> Talus slopes along the M&M Trail on <a href="/wiki/Bare_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Bare Mountain (Massachusetts)">Bare Mountain</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The southernmost 40 miles (64 km) of the M&M Trail traverse a northern section of the <a href="/wiki/Trap_rock" title="Trap rock">trap rock</a> <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Ridge" title="Metacomet Ridge">Metacomet Ridge</a> which extends from <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a> to the Massachusetts/ <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> border. This ridge, rising hundreds of feet above the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut River Valley">Connecticut River Valley</a> in Massachusetts, is a prominent landscape feature. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_(Massachusetts)" title="Mount Tom (Massachusetts)">Mount Tom</a>, at 1,202 feet (366 m) above sea level and with vertical cliff faces of several hundred feet, is the high point. From south to north, the M&M Trail uses the ridges of <a href="/wiki/Provin_Mountain" title="Provin Mountain">Provin Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Mountain_(Hampden_County,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Mountain (Hampden County, Massachusetts)">East Mountain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_Range" title="Mount Tom Range">Mount Tom Range</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Holyoke_Range" title="Holyoke Range">Holyoke Range</a>. Abrupt vertical cliffs with visible <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">talus</a> slopes and frequent viewpoints are common throughout. Views are generally to the west on Provin Mountain, East Mountain, and the Mount Tom ranges; and to the north on the Holyoke Range. The <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a> cuts through the ridgeline between the Mount Tom and Holyoke ranges in <a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke, Massachusetts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Westfield_River" title="Westfield River">Westfield River</a> separates Provin Mountain from East Mountain in <a href="/wiki/Westfield,_Massachusetts" title="Westfield, Massachusetts">Westfield</a>. Historic features along the trail include the Horse Caves on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Norwottuck" title="Mount Norwottuck">Mount Norwottuck</a>, the ruins of the 19th-century hotel Eyrie House on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Nonotuck" title="Mount Nonotuck">Mount Nonotuck</a>, and the refurbished Mount Holyoke Summit House on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke" title="Mount Holyoke">Mount Holyoke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mount Holyoke Summit House has been restored as a museum, open during weekends in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-DCR_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trap rock ridges and talus slopes are also home to several unique <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimate</a> ecosystems that support species of plants that are unusual or endangered in this part of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, and are a seasonal migration path for <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_prey" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of prey">raptors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Viewshed" title="Viewshed">Viewsheds</a> from the ledges include agrarian land, suburbs, small towns, river corridors, the eastern <a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">Berkshires</a> ridgeline, metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, and the skyline of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_section">Northern section</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Northern section"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Monadnock.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Grand_Monadnock.JPG/267px-Grand_Monadnock.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Grand_Monadnock.JPG/401px-Grand_Monadnock.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Grand_Monadnock.JPG/534px-Grand_Monadnock.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Summit view of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Monadnock" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Monadnock">Grand Monadnock</a> on a July weekend. More than 125,000 people hike this peak each year, making it the most frequently climbed mountain in the United States. </figcaption></figure> <p>Where open to public access, the remaining 66 miles (106 km) of trail follows an elevated plateau of 400 million year old <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rock</a> punctuated by occasional <a href="/wiki/Monadnock" class="mw-redirect" title="Monadnock">monadnocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymo_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terrain is a rural and largely wooded, <a href="/wiki/Glaciated" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciated">post-glacial</a> landscape with sparse viewpoints, deep ravines, and a few bare mountain summits. The trail follows the western edge of this plateau in a northerly direction, then jogs east along the Massachusetts/New Hampshire border before turning north again to reach Mount Monadnock. Prominent features on or easily accessible from this part of the M&M Trail include, from south to north, <a href="/wiki/Rattlesnake_Gutter" title="Rattlesnake Gutter">Rattlesnake Gutter</a> (a boulder-filled chasm), Ruggles Pond in <a href="/wiki/Wendell_State_Forest" title="Wendell State Forest">Wendell State Forest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Millers_River" title="Millers River">Millers River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farley_Ledges" title="Farley Ledges">Farley Ledges</a>, Briggs Brook Falls, <a href="/wiki/Northfield_Mountain" title="Northfield Mountain">Northfield Mountain</a> and reservoir (a <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> reservoir carved out of a mountain top), the historic Hermit Cave, <a href="/wiki/Crag_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Crag Mountain (Massachusetts)">Crag Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Grace" title="Mount Grace">Mount Grace</a>, Highland Falls, and <a href="/wiki/Royalston_Falls" title="Royalston Falls">Royalston Falls</a>. In New Hampshire, the trail crosses the summits of <a href="/wiki/Little_Monadnock_Mountain" title="Little Monadnock Mountain">Little Monadnock Mountain</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron_State_Park" title="Rhododendron State Park">Rhododendron State Park</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gap_Mountain" title="Gap Mountain">Gap Mountain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a>. All three of these peaks have exposed summit ledges. Mount Monadnock is the most prominent peak of southeast New England. At 3,165 feet (965 m) high, it is 1,000 feet (300 m) higher than any mountain peak within 30 miles (48 km) and rises 2,000 feet (610 m) above the surrounding landscape. Its bare, rocky summit provides expansive views.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trail_communities">Trail communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trail communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The M&M Trail passes through land located within the following incorporated towns. In Massachusetts (from south to north): <a href="/wiki/Southwick,_Massachusetts" title="Southwick, Massachusetts">Southwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agawam,_Massachusetts" title="Agawam, Massachusetts">Agawam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westfield,_Massachusetts" title="Westfield, Massachusetts">Westfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="West Springfield, Massachusetts">West Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easthampton,_Massachusetts" title="Easthampton, Massachusetts">Easthampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadley,_Massachusetts" title="Hadley, Massachusetts">Hadley</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Hadley,_Massachusetts" title="South Hadley, Massachusetts">South Hadley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Massachusetts" title="Amherst, Massachusetts">Amherst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granby,_Massachusetts" title="Granby, Massachusetts">Granby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belchertown,_Massachusetts" title="Belchertown, Massachusetts">Belchertown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelham,_Massachusetts" title="Pelham, Massachusetts">Pelham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shutesbury,_Massachusetts" title="Shutesbury, Massachusetts">Shutesbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leverett,_Massachusetts" title="Leverett, Massachusetts">Leverett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell,_Massachusetts" title="Wendell, Massachusetts">Wendell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erving,_Massachusetts" title="Erving, Massachusetts">Erving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Massachusetts" title="Northfield, Massachusetts">Northfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwick,_Massachusetts" title="Warwick, Massachusetts">Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royalston,_Massachusetts" title="Royalston, Massachusetts">Royalston</a>; and in New Hampshire: <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_New_Hampshire" title="Richmond, New Hampshire">Richmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam,_New_Hampshire" title="Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire">Fitzwilliam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_Hampshire" title="Troy, New Hampshire">Troy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaffrey,_New_Hampshire" title="Jaffrey, New Hampshire">Jaffrey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyre_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyre_house.jpg/220px-Eyre_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyre_house.jpg/330px-Eyre_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyre_house.jpg/440px-Eyre_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Eyre House ruins on the summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Nonotuck" title="Mount Nonotuck">Mount Nonotuck</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_Range" title="Mount Tom Range">Mount Tom Range</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail receives its name from the <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Trail" title="Metacomet Trail">Metacomet Trail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, of which it is a logical extension, and from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. The name <i>Metacomet</i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/Metacom" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacom">Metacom</a>, the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> leader and son of <a href="/wiki/Massasoit" title="Massasoit">Massasoit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a> tribe of southern <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. The term <b><a href="/wiki/Monadnock" class="mw-redirect" title="Monadnock">Monadnock</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a>-derived word used to describe a mountain. It has come to be used by American geologists to describe any isolated mountain formed from the exposure of a harder rock as a result of the erosion of a softer rock that once surrounded it. </p><p>The M&M Trail was designed in the 1950s by the late Professor Walter M. Banfield of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a> as an extension of the 50-mile (80 km) <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Trail" title="Metacomet Trail">Metacomet Trail</a> in Connecticut. The route was constructed utilizing newly blazed paths, abandoned farm roads, and existing hiking trails (many of them several hundred years old) where available.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portions of the route on Mount Monadnock and the Holyoke and Mount Tom ranges date back as far as the 18th century. Early trail-building was supported by various summit resort hotels popular in the 19th century. Such resorts once stood on Mount Holyoke, Mount Nonotuck, Mount Tom, and Mount Monadnock (at the Halfway House site). Most of them had burned down or had become defunct by the early 20th century and never recovered. Encroaching development and modern transportation hastened the demise of these businesses by shifting tourism to more remote and exotic locations. Many of these properties were eventually bought, taken, or donated for inclusion in various state parks.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronos_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronos-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terminus of the trail, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Monadnock" title="Mount Monadnock">Mount Monadnock</a>, barren from 2,000 feet (610 m) to its 3,165 feet (965 m) summit and known for its fine views and rugged topography, was once mostly wooded. Fires deliberately set in the early 19th century by nearby farmers concerned with wolves denning in blowdown snags resulted in the denudation of the mountain. The fires burned so hot that the soil was destroyed and subsequently washed away. Since then, the summit has recovered to the degree that it appears natural and scenic, although it is still very barren and reminiscent of the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> peaks of the <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains (New Hampshire)">White Mountains</a> to the north. Vegetation has begun to slowly reclaim some of the ledges and ravines, but the process of soil generation on windy slopes will likely take many hundreds of years.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As described in <a href="#Conservation_and_maintenance_of_the_trail_corridor">#Conservation and maintenance of the trail corridor</a> below, the M&M Trail is part of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England National Scenic Trail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newenglandnst.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenglandnst.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landscape,_geology,_and_natural_environment"><span id="Landscape.2C_geology.2C_and_natural_environment"></span>Landscape, geology, and natural environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Landscape, geology, and natural environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glacier_erratic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Glacier_erratic.JPG/296px-Glacier_erratic.JPG" decoding="async" width="296" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Glacier_erratic.JPG/444px-Glacier_erratic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Glacier_erratic.JPG/592px-Glacier_erratic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Glacial_erratic" title="Glacial erratic">glacial erratic</a> is located on the M&M trail about one mile north of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_141" title="Massachusetts Route 141">Mass State Highway 141</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The geology and natural environment of the M&M trail can be divided into two distinct sections: the <b>Metacomet Ridge</b> of the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a> and the <b>upland plateau</b> of central Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire. One common denominator, evidence of recent <a href="/wiki/Glaciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glacial activity</a>, can be found throughout all parts of the M&M Trail. Such evidence includes <a href="/wiki/Glacial_erratic" title="Glacial erratic">glacial erratics</a>, glacial scouring, <a href="/wiki/Glacial_striations" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial striations">glacial striations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deranged_drainage" class="mw-redirect" title="Deranged drainage">deranged drainage</a>, mountain notches, <a href="/wiki/Valley#Glacial_valleys" title="Valley">U-shaped valleys</a>, highland swamps, and <a href="/wiki/Roche_moutonn%C3%A9e" title="Roche moutonnée">roches moutonnées</a>, so called "sheepback mountains" because they often resemble the shape of a sheep in profile. The extremely steep south and/or east faces of these hills were carved by the movement of glacial ice down lee slopes.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymo_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Metacomet_Ridge">The Metacomet Ridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Metacomet Ridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg/220px-Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg/330px-Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg/440px-Eastmountain_snakepond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Snake Pond, a <a href="/wiki/Kettle_pond" class="mw-redirect" title="Kettle pond">kettle pond</a> along the M&M Trail on trap rock <a href="/wiki/East_Mountain_(Hampden_County,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Mountain (Hampden County, Massachusetts)">East Mountain</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The ridge that forms the spine of the M&M Trail across Provin Mountain, East Mountain, and the Mount Tom and Holyoke ranges was formed 200 million years ago during the late <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> periods and is composed of trap rock, also known as <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Extrusive" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrusive">extrusive</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> rock. Basalt is a dark colored rock, but the iron within it weathers to a rusty brown when exposed to the air, lending the ledges a distinct reddish appearance. Basalt frequently breaks into octagonal and pentagonal columns, creating a unique "postpile" appearance. Huge slopes made of fractured basalt <a href="/wiki/Scree" title="Scree">talus</a> are visible beneath many of the ledges; they are particularly visible along the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail on <a href="/wiki/Bare_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Bare Mountain (Massachusetts)">Bare Mountain</a>. The basalt ridges are the product of several massive <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> flows hundreds of feet deep that welled up in faults created by the <a href="/wiki/Rifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifting">rifting</a> apart of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> from <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. These basalt floods of lava happened over a period of 20 million years. Erosion occurring between the eruptions deposited deep layers of sediment between the lava flows, which eventually lithified into <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rock</a>. The resulting "layer cake" of basalt and sedimentary sheets eventually <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faulted</a> and tilted upward. Subsequent <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> wore away the weaker sedimentary layers a faster rate than the basalt layers, leaving the abruptly tilted edges of the basalt sheets exposed, creating the distinct linear ridge and dramatic cliff faces visible today. One way to imagine this is to picture a layer cake tilted slightly up with some of the frosting (the sedimentary layer) removed in between. One of the best places to view this layer-cake structure is just beneath the summit of Mount Norwottuck. The summit of Norwottuck is made of basalt; directly beneath the summit are the Horse Caves, a deep overhang where the weaker sedimentary layer has worn away at a more rapid rate than the basalt layer above it. The Horse Caves are located a short distance off the M&M Trail via the Robert Frost Trail. The sedimentary rock of the Connecticut River Valley is also well known for its fossils, especially dinosaur tracks, which have been discovered in several locations near the ridges that the M&M Trail traverses.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymo_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Metacomet Ridge hosts a combination of <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimates</a> unusual in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. Dry, hot upper ridges support <a href="/wiki/Oak_savanna" title="Oak savanna">oak savannas</a>, often dominated by <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Chestnut oak">chestnut oak</a> and a variety of understory grasses and ferns. <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_virginiana" title="Juniperus virginiana">Eastern red cedar</a>, a dry-loving species, clings to the barren edges of cliffs. Backslope plant communities tend to be more similar to the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Berkshires" title="Berkshires">Berkshire</a> plateau containing species common to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_hardwood_forest" title="Northern hardwood forest">northern hardwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oak-hickory_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak-hickory forest">oak-hickory forest</a> forest types. <a href="/wiki/Tsuga_canadensis" title="Tsuga canadensis">Eastern hemlock</a> crowds narrow ravines, blocking sunlight and creating damp, cooler growing conditions with associated cooler climate plant species. Talus slopes are especially rich in nutrients and support a number of calcium-loving plants uncommon in Massachusetts. Many bogs, ponds, and reservoirs lie cupped between trap rock ridge shelves, demonstrating the value of these ridges as important <a href="/wiki/Aquifers" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifers">aquifers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> ecosystem habitats. Because the trap rock ridges generate such varied terrain, they are the home of several plant and animal species that are state-listed or globally rare.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other ecosystems on the southern sections of the M&M Trail include the <a href="/wiki/Northern_riverine_forest" title="Northern riverine forest">northern riverine</a> community which supports species such as <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willow</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_elm" class="mw-redirect" title="American elm">American elm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_sycamore" class="mw-redirect" title="American sycamore">sycamore</a>; this ecosystem can be found along the Westfield and Connecticut rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-P_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OM_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royalston_falls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Royalston_falls.jpg/220px-Royalston_falls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Royalston_falls.jpg/330px-Royalston_falls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Royalston_falls.jpg/440px-Royalston_falls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royalston_Falls" title="Royalston Falls">Royalston Falls</a>, on the M&M Trail near the New Hampshire border</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_upland_plateau">The upland plateau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The upland plateau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North of the Holyoke Range, the M&M Trail traverses an upland plateau composed of much older <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rock</a>, mostly <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a>. The plateau, averaging 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, is geologically related to the higher <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains (New Hampshire)">White Mountains</a> of New Hampshire, farther to the north. The terrain is rugged, with deep ravines and isolated mountain peaks called <a href="/wiki/Monadnock" class="mw-redirect" title="Monadnock">monadnocks</a>. Notable monadnocks along the M&M Trail include Mount Grace and Mount Monadnock. Other mountains on this section of the M&M Trail, including Mt. Lincoln, Mt. Orient, and Northfield Mountain, represent high points on the steeply ravined edges of a <a href="/wiki/Dissected_plateau" title="Dissected plateau">dissected plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raymo_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raymo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The upland plateau section of the M&M Trail supports transitional forests of species common to both the <a href="/wiki/Oak-hickory_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak-hickory forest">oak-hickory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_hardwood_forest" title="Northern hardwood forest">northern hardwood forest</a> types. Ravines support significant stands of <a href="/wiki/Tsuga_canadensis" title="Tsuga canadensis">eastern hemlock</a>, and stands of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_white_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern white pine">white pine</a> are common throughout. Tree and shrub species also include <a href="/wiki/Sugar_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar maple">sugar maple</a>; <a href="/wiki/Red_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Red maple">red maple</a>; gray, black, paper, and yellow <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus_americana" title="Fraxinus americana">white ash</a>; <a href="/wiki/Quercus_velutina" title="Quercus velutina">black oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quercus_rubra" title="Quercus rubra">red oak</a>; <a href="/wiki/Striped_maple" class="mw-redirect" title="Striped maple">striped maple</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kalmia_latifolia" title="Kalmia latifolia">mountain laurel</a>; and, on exposed dry ledges, <a href="/wiki/Pitch_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch pine">pitch pine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-P_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OM_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern boreal species, particularly <a href="/wiki/Red_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Red spruce">red spruce</a>, become apparent on peaks in the northern part of the M&M Trail. The high, exposed ledges of Mount Monadnock support several alpine and sub-alpine species of plants, including <a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">mountain ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton_grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton grass">cotton grass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep_laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep laurel">sheep laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arenaria_groenlandica" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenaria groenlandica">mountain sandwort</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lingonberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingonberry">mountain cranberry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Krummholz" title="Krummholz">Krummholz</a>, trees stunted by harsh weather, are found on Mount Monadnock, as are several <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">alpine bogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The northernmost stand of native <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendron</a> (growing naturally, not planted) in eastern North America is located just off the M&M Trail on <a href="/wiki/Little_Monadnock_Mountain" title="Little Monadnock Mountain">Little Monadnock Mountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron_State_Park" title="Rhododendron State Park">Rhododendron State Park</a>, New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-DPR_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DPR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hiking_the_trail">Hiking the trail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hiking the trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Holyoke_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mount_Holyoke_view.jpg/220px-Mount_Holyoke_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Mount_Holyoke_view.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>View from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke" title="Mount Holyoke">Mount Holyoke</a> ledges</figcaption></figure> <p>The trail is blazed with white rectangles. It is regularly maintained, and is considered easy hiking, with sections of rugged and moderately difficult hiking along the Holyoke and Mount Tom ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-AMC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mount Monadnock is regarded as a challenging hike for novice hikers during favorable weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guidebooks recommend hikers take a map and compass.<sup id="cite_ref-AMC_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hikers should contact the Berkshire Section of the AMC or review on-line updates for the latest trail relocations.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the crow flies, the M&M Trail route is never more than a mile or two from a public road; however, cliffs and steep terrain on the Metacomet Ridge and on Mount Monadnock and other peaks make access much more difficult in some areas. There are several primitive <a href="/wiki/Lean-to" title="Lean-to">lean-tos</a> and campsites, and a few state park campsites with facilities along the trail. However, camping is discouraged in many areas. <a href="/wiki/Campfire" title="Campfire">Campfires</a> are generally prohibited, except in established fire rings in state park campgrounds. Trail descriptions are available from a number of commercial and non-commercial sources, and a complete guidebook with <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographic maps</a> is published by the Appalachian Mountain Club.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weather along the route is typical of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, with slightly warmer temperatures in the Connecticut River Valley versus the upland plateau to the east. Conditions on exposed hill tops and summits may be harsher during cold or stormy weather.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather atop the exposed and isolated 3,100-foot (940 m) summit of Mount Monadnock can be much more severe than conditions below; high winds are common year round and winter storms on the summit can be life-threatening. <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">Lightning</a> is a hazard on exposed peaks and ledges during thunderstorms.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High flooding is common during rainy periods on the portions of trail that dip into the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Westfield_River" title="Westfield River">Westfield River Valley</a>, sometimes obliterating the trail. The Westfield River can be forded only during dry periods, and even then not without risk. The Connecticut River is not fordable; the trail terminates where it meets it (one must walk or drive to the <a href="/wiki/Northampton,_Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts">Northampton</a> Route 9 bridge or arrange for boat passage to the opposite bank).<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snow is common in the winter and may necessitate the use of cross country skis or snowshoes. Ice can form on exposed ledges and summits, making hiking dangerous without special equipment. Snow and ice tend to linger on Mount Monadnock well into the spring.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biting insects can be bothersome during warm weather. Parasitic <a href="/wiki/Ixodes_scapularis" title="Ixodes scapularis">deer ticks</a> (which are known to carry <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a>) are a hazard. The trail passes through <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bear</a> habitat (especially the northern portions), although problems with bears are rare. More likely are problematic encounters with feral and domestic dogs. <a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">Skunks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupines</a> are common and active after dark. <a href="/wiki/Venomous_snakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Venomous snakes">Venomous snakes</a> are considered extinct along most of the route, with the possible exception of the warm, dry microclimates on the Metacomet Ridge. <a href="/wiki/Poison_ivy" title="Poison ivy">Poison ivy</a> is native to the M&M Trail ecosystems, but it occurs with less frequency north of the Holyoke Range, and does not thrive on Mount Monadnock at all.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMC_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many water sources along the trail flow through inhabited areas or swamps and may be contaminated. Except during the winter, trap rock ridges tend to be dry, leaving long stretches of trail with no dependable water source.<sup id="cite_ref-AMC_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various portions along the trail are road walks due to private ownership; contacting the AMC will provide the latest updates.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hikers seeking 'on the ground', current information regarding the status of the M&M trail should read hiker journals available on the Internet, such as Trail Journals.com<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_and_maintenance_of_the_trail_corridor">Conservation and maintenance of the trail corridor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conservation and maintenance of the trail corridor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg/200px-M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg/300px-M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg/400px-M_%26_M_trailhead_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2194" data-file-height="3474" /></a><figcaption>Trail closure sign with alternate route shown. A significant portion of the M&M Trail relies on the good will of owners of privately held land.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg/200px-Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg/300px-Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg/400px-Round_Mountain_Quarry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>Obliteration of <a href="/wiki/Round_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Round Mountain (Massachusetts)">Round Mountain</a> by quarrying. 1989 photo; significantly more rock has been removed since then.</figcaption></figure> <p>The M&M Trail passes through public land (state parks, forests, and wildlife management areas), land managed by conservation non-profit organizations, private land under conservation easement, and unprotected private land via permission of individual land owners.<sup id="cite_ref-DCR_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OM_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant threats to the trail, its ecosystems, and its viewshed included <a href="/wiki/Quarrying" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarrying">quarrying</a> (especially on the trap rock ridges) and <a href="/wiki/Suburban_sprawl" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburban sprawl">suburban sprawl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EF_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EF-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail is maintained by volunteer efforts largely facilitated by the Berkshire Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain_Club" title="Appalachian Mountain Club">Appalachian Mountain Club</a>. Many groups are invested in preserving the pathway and viewshed of the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, including <a href="/wiki/The_Trustees_of_Reservations" title="The Trustees of Reservations">The Trustees of Reservations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Grace_Land_Conservation_Trust" title="Mount Grace Land Conservation Trust">Mount Grace Land Conservation Trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_Mt._Holyoke_Range" title="Friends of the Mt. Holyoke Range">Friends of the Mt. Holyoke Range</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Protection_of_New_Hampshire_Forests" title="Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests">Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests</a>, the Amherst Conservation Commission, the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">State of New Hampshire</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-T_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail was included in a study by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> for inclusion in a new <a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trail</a>. This study, completed in 2006, is available on-line at the New England Scenic Trail website.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designated in 2009 as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England National Scenic Trail</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Mattabesett_Trail" title="Mattabesett Trail">Mattabesett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Trail" title="Metacomet Trail">Metacomet</a> trails in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newenglandnst.org_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newenglandnst.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sections of the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail are also designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trail</a> (not the same as a National Scenic Trail).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Ridge" title="Metacomet Ridge">Metacomet Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacomet_Trail" title="Metacomet Trail">Metacomet Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monadnock-Sunapee_Greenway" title="Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway">Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost_Trail_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Frost Trail (Massachusetts)">Robert Frost Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tully_Trail" title="Tully Trail">Tully Trail</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MM_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail Guide,</i> 10th edition. (2005). Amherst, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain_Club" title="Appalachian Mountain Club">Appalachian Mountain Club</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newenglandnst.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newenglandnst.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenglandnst.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newenglandnst.org_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612193506/http://www.newenglandnst.org/">"New England National Scenic Trail"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newenglandnst.org/">the original</a> on 2009-06-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+England+National+Scenic+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewenglandnst.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacomet-Monadnock+Trail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-T_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetrustees.org/pages/37_tully_trail.cfm">"Tully Trail."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420014310/http://www.thetrustees.org/pages/37_tully_trail.cfm">Archived</a> 2009-04-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Trustees_of_Reservations" title="The Trustees of Reservations">The Trustees of Reservations</a>. Retrieved November 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DCR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DCR_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCR_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCR_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/dcr/">Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation</a>. Retrieved November 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DPR-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DPR_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DPR_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhparks.state.nh.us/">New Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation</a>. Retrieved November 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ryan1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ryan1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan, Christopher J. (1996) "Holyoke Range State Park: Eastern Section," 4th edition. Map. Amherst, Massachusetts: Hamilton I. Newell Printing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EF-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EF_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EF_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EF_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Farnsworth, Elizabeth J. (2004).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmmtrail.org/NaturalResourcesAssessmentFinal.pdf">"Metacomet-Mattabesett Trail Natural Resource Assessment."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070807215610/http://mmmtrail.org/NaturalResourcesAssessmentFinal.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-08-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved November 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raymo-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raymo_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raymo_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raymo_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raymo_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Raymo,_Chet" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymo, Chet">Raymo, Chet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raymo,_Maureen_E." class="mw-redirect" title="Raymo, Maureen E.">Raymo, Maureen E.</a> (1989). <i>Written in Stone: A Geologic History of the Northeastern United States</i>. Chester, Connecticut: Globe Pequot.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronos-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chronos_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chronos-historical.org/mtholyoke/"><i>Mt. Holyoke Range Historical Timeline.</i></a> Retrieved November 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baldwin-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldwin, Henry I. <i>Monadnock Guide</i> 4th ed. (1989). Concord, New Hampshire: <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Protection_of_New_Hampshire_Forests" title="Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests">Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-P_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kricher, John (1998). <i>A Field Guide to Eastern Forests.</i> Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OM-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OM_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OM_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OM_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/mgis/mapping.htm">Massachusetts Online Mapping</a>. Shapefiles retrieved November 19, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMC_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Massachusetts and Rhode Island Trail Guide.</i> (1989). Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amcberkshire.org/mmguide">"NET (Former M-M) Trail Guide | AMC Berkshire Chapter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NET+%28Former+M-M%29+Trail+Guide+%26%23124%3B+AMC+Berkshire+Chapter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famcberkshire.org%2Fmmguide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacomet-Monadnock+Trail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/">NOAA</a>. Retrieved December 20, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/dph/cdc/epii/lyme/lymehp.htm">Massachusetts Department of Public Health</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929122853/http://www.mass.gov/dph/cdc/epii/lyme/lymehp.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved December 6, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amcberkshire.org/taxonomy/term/29">"New England Scenic Trail (NET) | AMC Berkshire Chapter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+England+Scenic+Trail+%28NET%29+%26%23124%3B+AMC+Berkshire+Chapter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famcberkshire.org%2Ftaxonomy%2Fterm%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacomet-Monadnock+Trail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trailjournals.com/journals.cfm?sort=&year=2013&trail=other#Metacomet-Monadnock%20Trail">"Journals : Trail Journals, Backpacking and Hiking Journals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Journals+%3A+Trail+Journals%2C+Backpacking+and+Hiking+Journals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trailjournals.com%2Fjournals.cfm%3Fsort%3D%26year%3D2013%26trail%3Dother%23Metacomet-Monadnock%2520Trail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacomet-Monadnock+Trail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newenglandtrail.org/about-trail">"About the Trail | New England Trail"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Trail+%26%23124%3B+New+England+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewenglandtrail.org%2Fabout-trail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetacomet-Monadnock+Trail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amcberkshire.org/mm-trail">Appalachian Mountain Club Berkshire Chapter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070112083201/http://amcberkshire.org/mm-trail/">Archived</a> 2007-01-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved December 20, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110:H.R.1528:">U.S. Congress <i>New England National Scenic Trail Designation Act.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160704225141/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110:H.R.1528:">Archived</a> 2016-07-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518054031/http://amcberkshire.org/trails/mmtrail/">Berkshire Chapter of the Appalachian Mountain Club</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/dcr/">Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhstateparks.org/">New Hampshire Department of Parks and Recreation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportslandtrust.org/">Sportsman's Land Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kestreltrust.org/">The Kestrel Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010719110049/http://www.valleylandfund.org/">The Valley Land Fund</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pctland.org/">Pascommuck Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spnhf.org/">Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountgrace.org/">Mount Grace Land Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetrustees.org/">The Trustees of Reservations</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&params=42.55_N_72.45_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">72°27′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.55°N 72.45°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.55; -72.45</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="Canalside Rail Trail">Canalside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Connections" title="Commonwealth Connections">Commonwealth Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Greenway" title="East Coast Greenway">East Coast Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Continental_Trail" title="Eastern Continental Trail">Eastern Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Necklace" title="Emerald Necklace">Emerald Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Esker_Park" title="Great Esker Park">Great Esker Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahican-Mohawk_Trail" title="Mahican-Mohawk Trail">Mahican-Mohawk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metacomet-Monadnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midstate_Trail_(Massachusetts)" title="Midstate Trail (Massachusetts)">Midstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwottuck_Rail_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwottuck Rail Trail">Norwottuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocumtuck_Ridge_Trail" title="Pocumtuck Ridge Trail">Pocumtuck Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost_Trail_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Frost Trail (Massachusetts)">Robert Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconic_Trails" title="Taconic Trails">Taconic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Taconic_Trail" title="South Taconic Trail">South Taconic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconic_Crest_Trail" title="Taconic Crest Trail">Taconic Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconic_Skyline_Trail" title="Taconic Skyline Trail">Taconic Skyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tully_Trail" title="Tully Trail">Tully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapack_Trail" title="Wapack Trail">Wapack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Trail" title="Warner Trail">Warner</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&oldid=1243976565">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail&oldid=1243976565</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hiking_trails_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Hiking trails in Massachusetts">Hiking trails in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hiking_trails_in_New_Hampshire" title="Category:Hiking trails in New Hampshire">Hiking trails in New Hampshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Long-distance_trails_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Long-distance trails in the United States">Long-distance trails in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metacomet_Ridge,_Massachusetts" title="Category:Metacomet Ridge, Massachusetts">Metacomet Ridge, 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