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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Cinema, television and radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema,_television_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Libraries and archives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_publishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Literature and publishing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations_to_venues_and_performances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations_to_venues_and_performances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Adaptations to venues and performances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adaptations_to_venues_and_performances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Impacts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impacts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impacts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Budgets_and_employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budgets_and_employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Budgets and employment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budgets_and_employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Financial aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Copyright </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_creative_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_creative_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 New creative works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_creative_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" > 10 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="أثر جائحة فيروس كورونا على الفنون والتراث الثقافي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أثر جائحة فيروس كورونا على الفنون والتراث الثقافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_COVID-19_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Επιπτώσεις της πανδημίας COVID-19 στις τέχνες και την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιπτώσεις της πανδημίας COVID-19 στις τέχνες και την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89%EC%9D%98_%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EA%B3%84_%EC%97%AC%ED%8C%8C" title="코로나19 범유행의 예술계 여파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코로나19 범유행의 예술계 여파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampak_pandemi_COVID-19_terhadap_seni_dan_warisan_budaya" title="Dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap seni dan warisan budaya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap seni dan warisan budaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesan_pandemik_COVID-19_terhadap_seni_dan_warisan_budaya" title="Kesan pandemik COVID-19 terhadap seni dan warisan budaya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesan pandemik COVID-19 terhadap seni dan warisan budaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5" title="ਕਰੋਨਾ ਮਹਾਂਮਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਕਲਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਉੱਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਰੋਨਾ ਮਹਾਂਮਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਕਲਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਉੱਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%97_COVID-19_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Вплив пандемії COVID-19 на мистецтво і культуру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вплив пандемії COVID-19 на мистецтво і культуру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A2nh_h%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_v%E1%BB%9Bi_ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt_v%C3%A0_di_s%E1%BA%A3n_v%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a" title="Ảnh hưởng của đại dịch COVID-19 đối với nghệ thuật và di sản văn hóa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ảnh hưởng của đại dịch COVID-19 đối với nghệ thuật và di sản văn hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipa_ajakaye_arun_COVID-19_lori_ona_ati_asa_adayeba" title="Ipa ajakaye arun COVID-19 lori ona ati asa adayeba – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ipa ajakaye arun COVID-19 lori ona ati asa adayeba" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E5%AF%B9%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情对艺术与文化遗产的影响 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2019冠状病毒病疫情对艺术与文化遗产的影响" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q89113106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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(October 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg/350px-Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg/525px-Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg/700px-Closed_library_-_Island_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Announcement posted in the door of a <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Island_Bay,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Bay, New Zealand">Island Bay, New Zealand</a> that it is closed due to the pandemic, and will waive all <a 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title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom."><img alt="Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/110px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/165px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/220px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 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href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>2021</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>2022</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">2023</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">By country and territory</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By conveyance</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">International response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_phase_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic phase of COVID-19">Endemic phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Origin of SARS-CoV-2">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_by_country" title="COVID-19 lockdowns by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">by governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake treatments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver" title="TRIPS Agreement waiver">WTO IP waiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting of deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">COVID-19 apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19" title="Chinese government response to COVID-19">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Irish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)">Medical response</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests" title="Development of COVID-19 tests">Development</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">VITT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Current vaccines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">Medigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variants of concern</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other variants</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">recession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arts and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis#Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 global supply chain crisis">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">sportscasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By country</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">By sport</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">Disc golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridiron football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EEF7F1; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0 5px 0 5px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" title="Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">Neurological and psychological symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-exertional_malaise" title="Post-exertional malaise">Post-exertional malaise</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Society</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease_and_COVID-19" title="Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19">Alzheimer's disease patients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Black_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Black people">Black people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic">Emergency evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration">Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">Notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Other health issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_suicide_rates" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates">Suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_telehealth_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the telehealth industry">Telehealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">US</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="virus icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/15px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/22px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/30px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="711" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">COVID-19 portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> had a sudden and substantial impact on <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a> sector. The global health crisis and the uncertainty resulting from it profoundly affected organisations' operations as well as individuals—both employed and independent—across the sector. Arts and culture sector organisations attempted to uphold their (often publicly funded) mission to provide access to cultural heritage to the community; maintain the safety of their employees, collections, and the public; while reacting to the unexpected change in their <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> with an unknown end. By March 2020, most cultural institutions across the world were indefinitely closed (or at least had radically curtailed their services), and in-person exhibitions, events, and performances were cancelled or postponed. In response, there were intensive efforts to provide alternative or additional services through digital platforms, to maintain essential activities with minimal resources, and to document the events themselves through new acquisitions, including new <a href="/wiki/Creative_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative works">creative works</a> inspired by the pandemic. Many individuals across the sector temporarily or permanently lost contracts or employment with varying degrees of warning. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> estimated ten million job losses in the sector. Governments and charities for artists provided greatly differing levels of financial assistance depending on the sector and the country. The public demand for in-person cultural activities was expected to return, but at an unknown time and with the assumption that different kinds of experiences would be popular. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Closures_and_cancellations">Closures and cancellations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Closures and cancellations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> COVID-19 [has] shaken the cultural sector. Across the world museums have been shuttered, music silenced, theatres gone dark, tourist sites abandoned and other cultural pursuits set aside as societies cope with death and disruption. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, Secretary-General, United Nations<a href="#cite_note-guterres-1">[1]</a></cite></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19,_resilience,_recovery_and_revival.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19%2C_resilience%2C_recovery_and_revival.pdf/page1-220px-Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19%2C_resilience%2C_recovery_and_revival.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19%2C_resilience%2C_recovery_and_revival.pdf/page1-330px-Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19%2C_resilience%2C_recovery_and_revival.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19%2C_resilience%2C_recovery_and_revival.pdf/page1-440px-Culture_in_times_of_COVID-19%2C_resilience%2C_recovery_and_revival.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>A 2022 <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> report on the "asymmetric impacts" of, "key trends" in response to, and "action areas" for recovery from the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></figcaption></figure> Through the first quarter of 2020, arts and culture sector organisations around the world progressively restricted their public activities and then closed completely due to the pandemic. Starting with China, East Asia, and then worldwide, by late March most cultural heritage organisations had closed, and arts events were postponed or cancelled, either voluntarily or by government mandate. This included galleries, libraries,<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a> archives,<a href="#cite_note-Accessible-4">[4]</a> and museums<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> (collectively known as <a href="/wiki/GLAM_(industry_sector)" class="mw-redirect" title="GLAM (industry sector)">GLAMs</a>), as well as film<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and television productions,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> theatre<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orchestras" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestras">orchestra</a> performances,<a href="#cite_note-N_Kenyon-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Concert_tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Concert tours">concert tours</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoos" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoos">zoos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and arts festivals.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Museums_that_have_closed-15">[15]</a> Following the rapidly evolving news of closures and cancellations across the world throughout February and March,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> the date for re-opening remained undetermined for most of the world for many months amid several 'false start' reopenings and further closures due to second and third-waves of infections. Equally, the long-term financial impacts upon them varied greatly, with existing disparities exacerbated, especially for institutions without an <a href="/wiki/Endowment_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Endowment fund">endowment fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Survey data from March 2020 indicated that, when museums were permitted to allow public entry again, the "intent to visit" metric for cultural activities should be unchanged overall from prior to the pandemic—but with a shifted preference for the kind of activity. Data indicated there would be a decreased willingness for attendance of activities in confined spaces, large immobile groups (such as cinemas), or tactile activities; with an increase in interest for activities outdoors or with large spaces (such as zoos and botanic gardens).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The most commonly cited reasons for the public to "feel safe" in returning would be: the availability of a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">vaccine</a>, governments lifting <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">travel restrictions</a>, knowing that other people had visited, whether the activity/institution was outdoors, and the provision of <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand sanitiser">hand sanitiser</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> By March 2021 surveys of the world's top-100 most visited art museums indicated 77% decrease in visitation numbers compared to the preceding year.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Of UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>, up to 90% were partially or totally closed during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-Ottone-22">[22]</a> Upon their reopening to the public, various techniques and strategies were employed by arts and cultural venues to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. These included: Reducing the allowed attendance numbers and restricting the number of simultaneous visitors (sometimes through a pre-booked timeslot); mandatory wearing of masks; the provision of hand sanitiser; one-way routes through exhibitions; perspex screens between staff and guests; installation of no-touch bathroom fixtures; and temperature-checks upon arrival.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-24">[24]</a> The following is a list of notable closures, announcements and policies affecting the cultural sector. For comprehensive lists: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Impact_on_culture_and_entertainment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic § Impact on culture and entertainment</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a>. From 23 March until 31 March 2020, all museums and archaeological sites in Egypt were closed to the public for sterilisation and disinfection. During this period a programme to raise the awareness of the sites and museums' employees on ways of prevention and protection against the virus took place.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a>. On 15 March the <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_of_Museums_of_Morocco" title="National Foundation of Museums of Morocco">National Museums Foundation</a> announced the closure of all museums from the following day "until further notice".<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The 2020 edition of <a href="/wiki/Mawazine" title="Mawazine">Mawazine</a>—the world's second-largest music festival—scheduled for mid-June, was cancelled on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Americas">edit</a>]</div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">Argentina</a>. All the museums, cultural activities and gatherings were cancelled in the city of Buenos Aires on 12 March.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> National libraries continue to offer means of contact through the main educational website of the Ministry of Education.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a>. Museums which have closed as of 14 March in Brazil include the Museum of Art of São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, the Pinacoteca, the Itaú Cultural, the Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of São Paulo, the Institute Tomie Ohtake, the Institute Moreira Salles, and the Museum of Tomorrow in Rio de Janeiro and the Instituto Inhotim contemporary art centre in Brumadinho.<a href="#cite_note-Museums_that_have_closed-15">[15]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United States">United States</a>. A "flurry" of museums in New York, Boston and Washington all announced their closure on 12 March, led by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> and coinciding with the New York Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> declaring a citywide emergency.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_League" title="The Broadway League">The Broadway League</a> announced on the same day that all <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatres" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway theatres">Broadway theatres</a> would cease performances for at least a month, even though New York State governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> had at the time allowed them to continue at 50% capacity.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> On 17 March, two days before the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">first State to declare a "stay at home" order</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a> "strongly recommended" that all academic, public, and school libraries close.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Major cinema chains, notably <a href="/wiki/AMC_Theatres" title="AMC Theatres">AMC Theatres</a>, declared they would remain closed even after various states lifted their "<a href="/wiki/Shelter_in_place_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelter in place order">shelter in place</a>" order, until the expected <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">summer blockbusters</a><a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mulan_(2020_film)" title="Mulan (2020 film)">Mulan</a> were released in late July.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Despite being permitted by state government "decree" to reopen on 1 May, many institutions in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> chose to remain closed to the public, citing health concerns.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia_and_Oceania">Asia and Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Asia and Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif/300px-Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif/450px-Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif/600px-Trading_Status_of_Australian_Businesses_during_COVID-19.gif 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>The area of each segment represents the number of businesses per sector of the Australian economy; the figure represents the percentage still operating. By April, the Arts and Recreation sector (shown in red) was the worst-hit.<a href="#cite_note-ABS-35">[35]</a></figcaption></figure><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>. Beginning from the second week of March Australian institutions began announcing reduced services, and then complete closures.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On the 13th, organisers of the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_International_Comedy_Festival" title="Melbourne International Comedy Festival">Melbourne International Comedy Festival</a> announced that the 2020 festival had been cancelled entirely.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Opera_Australia" title="Opera Australia">Opera Australia</a> announced it would close on 15 March.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> On 24 March the national closure of all cultural institutions was mandated, with subsequent restrictions on public gatherings. Consequently, many cultural events were also cancelled, including the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Writers%27_Festival" title="Sydney Writers' Festival">Sydney Writers' Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> by the beginning of April, "Arts and Recreation services" was the sector of the national economy with the smallest proportion of its business still in operation—at 47%.<a href="#cite_note-Nick_Miller_brink_collapse-40">[40]</a> Notably, the tattoo-display <a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">endurance art</a> Tim continued, even though the gallery itself (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Old_and_New_Art" title="Museum of Old and New Art">MONA</a>, in Tasmania) was closed to the public.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In August it was announced that, due to a second-wave lockdown of the city of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, the Australian premiere of the travelling <a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">digital art</a> exhibition Van Gogh alive would be moved to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Hall_of_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Hall of Industries (page does not exist)">Royal Hall of Industries</a> in Sydney.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a>. On 23 January 2020 all museums were closed throughout mainland China. As the first country for the virus to spread, China was also the first to close its GLAMs.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> By mid-March Chinese institutions had slowly and cautiously begun to allow various public activities to be restored with the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Museum" title="Shanghai Museum">Shanghai Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Power_Station_of_Art" title="Power Station of Art">Power Station of Art</a> (also in Shanghai) reopening to the public on 13 March. Both had restricted visitor numbers and the latter noted that, "We have also prepared a temporary quarantine area on every floor in case of any emergencies. All visitors must have their temperature taken, as well as present their ID card and registered health code, before entering."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Some other private galleries in China had begun to open, as had some institutions in South Korea and Japan with limited service (such as by private tour only). By the end of the month 40% of mainland China's tourism attractions had reopened yet most art venues remained closed.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <dl><dd><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Following the mainland, Hong Kong closed its museums five days later.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a></dd> <dd><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/45px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Macau">Macau</a>. On 2 March, many branches of the <a href="/wiki/Macao_Public_Library" title="Macao Public Library">Macao Public Library</a> reopened to the public (with certain areas such as the multimedia rooms and children's reading areas remaining closed), and with the buildings receiving twice-daily "Cleaning and Disinfection Periods".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></dd></dl> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kiran_Nadar_Museum_of_Art" title="Kiran Nadar Museum of Art">Kiran Nadar Museum of Art</a> in Delhi closed on 14 March, two days before <a href="/wiki/Shripad_Naik" title="Shripad Naik">Shripad Naik</a>, minister for culture and tourism, ordered the closure of all "monuments and museums protected by the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a> across the country, including the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> mausoleum in <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Museums_that_have_closed-15">[15]</a> In early July the closure of the Taj Mahal was extended for an undefined duration as Agra was one of the worst-affected cities in the country's most populous state.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> During the lockdown 41% of the creative sector closed, and 53% of the events and entertainment management sector experienced 90% of their business cancelled between March and July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-britishcouncil.in-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In July 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Indian_Chambers_of_Commerce_%26_Industry" title="Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry">Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry</a> (FICCI), the Art X Company, and <a href="/wiki/British_Council,_India" title="British Council, India">British Council</a> India launched a study assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the creative economy in India – reporting every four months and including case studies of the sectors' innovative actions, and recommended measures of support.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a>. On 28 February Japan announced all museums would be closed "until 17 March".<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> Consequently, the opening of the exhibition "Masterpieces from the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery, London">National Gallery</a>, London" due to open at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Western_Art" title="National Museum of Western Art">National Museum of Western Art</a> in Tokyo was delayed; many works (notably including Van Gogh's <a href="/wiki/Sunflowers_(Van_Gogh_series)" title="Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)">Sunflowers</a> [F454]) remained in the museum's own quarantine.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. New Zealand implemented a policy on 23 March that all institutions would be closed.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a> closed from 6 pm 20 March.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">Auckland War Memorial Museum</a> announced that it would close from 21 March.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 26 June the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra performed of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Strauss</a>' <a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier">Der Rosenkavalier</a> to what was believed to be "the first full concert hall since the pandemic began".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar">Qatar</a>. Qatar museums run by the state closed on 12 March. A forthcoming collaborative show on Picasso's Studio's due to be held by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_Station_(gallery)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fire Station (gallery) (page does not exist)">Fire Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a> has been indefinitely postponed.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a>. On 23 February, one month after mainland China, South Korea closed all museums "until further notice".<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> Commercial galleries began to reopen in late April, with <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> infrastructure in place for any guests.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. Annual art fair <a href="/wiki/Art_Dubai" title="Art Dubai">Art Dubai</a>, originally scheduled for late March, was cancelled a few weeks before the event.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The UAE government purchased many of the locally produced works with the intention of their being displayed in its embassies.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> Notwithstanding significant national and sector-specific variations in regulations, most cultural activities across the continent were closed throughout March and April. In the museum sector for example, when tentative re-opening dates did begin to be published in late April they ranged from 22 April (Germany) to 20 July (Ireland); with several countries still having no formal plans (from Latvia to Malta, and Greece to the UK); and with Sweden having remained open the entire time.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austria">Austria</a>. All federal public museums were closed by directors in response to government precautionary measures banning large events and arrivals from Italy. The Albertina Modern museum was supposed to open on 13 March but this opening was indefinitely postponed.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">Belgium</a>. All cultural activities regardless of size were banned by the government from 14 March, which involved the closure of the <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a> exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Ghent" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent">Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>. Weeks earlier than French government regulations required it, staff of <a href="/wiki/The_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Louvre">the Louvre</a> "almost unanimously" voted to force the closure of the museum on 1 March, due to concerns for their own health.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> It closed for three days, reopened,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> accepted only visitors with pre-booked tickets from the 9th,<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> then closed definitively on 13 March by government mandate.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame cathedral</a> following <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Paris fire">the 2019 fire</a> was also halted because of worker security.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christo_and_Jeanne-Claude" title="Christo and Jeanne-Claude">Christo and Jeanne-Claude</a>'s <a href="/wiki/L%27Arc_de_Triomphe,_Wrapped" title="L'Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped">L'Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped</a>, was to have "wrapped" Paris' <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a> in silvery blue <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> fabric and red rope in late 2020,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> but was postponed a year to September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a>. On 16 March 2020, the German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> announced in a press conference that the government and <a href="/wiki/Minister-president" title="Minister-president">minister-presidents</a> had together agreed upon guidelines to limit social contacts in public spaces, noting that theatres, opera houses, concert halls, museums, exhibition spaces, cinemas, amusement parks and zoos needed to close.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> After six weeks, in early May, cultural institutions cautiously reopened their buildings with various measures in place to reduce the likelihood of virus transmission (such as restricting the number of simultaneous visitors and mandatory face masks).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The director of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Barberini" title="Museum Barberini">Museum Barberini</a> noted that the one-way system implemented in the exhibition space was a positive because, "We will be able to ensure that people see it in the way we intended".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>. On 12 March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a> shut all schools, colleges, childcare facilities and cultural institutions, and advised the cancellation of all large gatherings. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">St Patrick's Day</a> festivities were consequently cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-St_Patrick_cancelled-71">[71]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>. As the worst-hit country in Europe during February and March, national closures were announced on 23 February with an initial physical reopening date of 1 March.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Museums outside the "red zone" of highly infected areas in the North were then permitted to re-open as long as visitors stayed 1 metre apart,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> this was later rescinded and all institution were closed nationally until at least 3 April,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> then until 18 May.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The closure forced the indefinite postponement of the forthcoming "mega-exhibition" of <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> to be held at the Scuderie del Quirinale in Rome. Originally timed to coincide with the 500th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a> painter's death, it was to be the largest number of the artist's works ever displayed together.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> On the same week in May that many cultural venues began to reopen, the 2020 editions of the <a href="/wiki/Palio_di_Siena" title="Palio di Siena">Palio di Siena</a>, held twice annually in July and August, were announced as cancelled for the first time since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Coinciding with the progressive removal of restrictions for travel inside Italy, cultural sites and museums cautiously reopened with new regulations by early June; the first of which was the ancient Greek archaeological site <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> near Naples, on 18 May.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <dl><dd><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City">Vatican City</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a> closed in accordance with the policies of Italy.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a></dd></dl> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. On 12 March, Amsterdam's <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum" title="Van Gogh Museum">Van Gogh Museum</a> announced they would close until at least the end of that month<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_National_Opera" title="Dutch National Opera">Dutch National Opera</a> was to have staged the world premiere of Ritratto by <a href="/wiki/Willem_Jeths" title="Willem Jeths">Willem Jeths</a>. It was cancelled and the official premiere occurred via the Opera's YouTube channel the following day.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Also on the 13th, having previously announced the reading room and exhibition would remain open, the <a href="/wiki/Nationaal_Archief" title="Nationaal Archief">National Archives</a> announced their complete closure until 6 April.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On 30 March, the painting <a href="/wiki/The_Parsonage_Garden_at_Nuenen" title="The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen">The Parsonage Garden at Nuenen</a> (1884) by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> was stolen from the <a href="/wiki/Singer_Laren" title="Singer Laren">Singer Laren</a> museum while the museum was closed.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In April it was announced that allo "cultural activities" (such as theatres and cinemas) would remain closed until 19 May, but that events like festivals would be banned until 1 September.<a href="#cite_note-rijksoverheid-81">[81]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Poland">Poland</a>. On 11 March, a regional government "recommendation" was made that all cultural venues in the <a href="/wiki/Tricity,_Poland" title="Tricity, Poland">tricity</a> area be closed for two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Museums, including the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz-Birkenau_State_Museum" title="Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum">Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum</a>, and other cultural venues such as theatres and cinemas were then closed by the national government with an initial re-opening date of 25 March.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">Portugal</a>. On 13 March, in light of recommendations from the national <a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_Health" title="Directorate-General of Health">Directorate-General of Health</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Portugal)" title="Ministry of Culture (Portugal)">Ministry of Culture</a> closed the national monuments of <a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_Tower" title="Belém Tower">Belém Tower</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeology_Museum,_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeology Museum, Portugal">National Archaeology Museum</a>. It recommended that <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Portugal" title="Administrative divisions of Portugal">regional administrations</a> do the same.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On 22 March the government mandated the closure of all arts and cultural activities as part of a national declaration of emergency powers.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Garage_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Garage Museum of Contemporary Art">Garage Museum of Contemporary Art</a> was one of the first to announce its closure starting 14 March. Many Moscow museums announced closures in response to the mayor's ban on gatherings of 50 people or more on 17 March, and late that day the Russian culture ministry ordered the suspension of all public activities by federal and regional institutions, which resulted in many more closures from 18 March.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a> reopened in September—the longest closure "since <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_invasion_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic invasion of Russia">the Napoleonic invasion</a> of the country"—then promptly re-closed following COVID-positive tests from several performers.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>. On 11 March, publicly owned museums in Madrid, including <a href="/wiki/The_Prado" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prado">the Prado</a>, were closed indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-List_of_major_cancellations-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Sagrada Família">Sagrada Família</a> indefinitely suspended construction works and closed the monument to visitors on 13 March and the <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao" title="Guggenheim Museum Bilbao">Guggenheim Museum Bilbao</a> closed on 14 March.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> On 1 July Madrid's <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Teatro Real</a> reopened, with a modified production of <a href="/wiki/La_traviata" title="La traviata">La traviata</a> to a half-capacity audience.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian-24">[24]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a>. On 18 March, the Swedish network and cooperation organisation for public museums of national interest, Centralmuseernas samarbetsråd, recommended all their 13 members to close their public venues if the risk for transmission of the virus was assessed as high in their respective regions. Only two of them stayed open.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The earliest closures of cultural institutions in the UK were announced from 13 March by <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Collection" title="Wellcome Collection">Wellcome Collection</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_London_Gallery" title="South London Gallery">South London Gallery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Photographers%27_Gallery" title="The Photographers' Gallery">The Photographers' Gallery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amgueddfa_Cymru_%E2%80%93_Museum_Wales" title="Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales">Amgueddfa Cymru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> Many other organisations announced closures on the 17 and 18 March.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tate,_V&A,_NHM-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a> closed all ticketed properties by 20 March but aimed to keep gardens and parklands open, free of charge so that people could access the open space whilst social distancing.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> It also initiated #<a href="/wiki/BlossomWatch" title="BlossomWatch">BlossomWatch</a>, an environmental campaign encouraging people to share the first blossom of Spring with one another.<a href="#cite_note-:0-89">[89]</a> Also on Friday 20 March, staff of the libraries in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="London Borough of Lambeth">London Borough of Lambeth</a> staged a <a href="/wiki/Walkout" title="Walkout">walkout</a> as they had not been provided with gloves or <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand sanitiser">hand sanitiser</a>, citing provisions in the <a href="/wiki/Employment_Rights_Act_1996" title="Employment Rights Act 1996">Employment Rights Act</a> giving them the "right to withdraw from unsafe workplaces". By the weekend many local libraries formally closed with local leaders criticising a lack of nationally consistent policy.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The planned major exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> in London of <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi" title="Artemisia Gentileschi">Artemisia Gentileschi</a>, set to open on 4 April, was postponed for an indeterminate time due not only to the gallery's closure but also the inability of artworks on loan from Italy and America being unable to fly during the global shutdown in air traffic.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In literature events, the <a href="/wiki/London_Book_Fair" title="London Book Fair">London Book Fair</a>,<a href="#cite_note-London_Book_Fair_Canceled-92">[92]</a> AyeWrite Festival in Glasgow,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Harrogate_International_Festivals" title="Harrogate International Festivals">Harrogate International Festivals</a>, were also cancelled<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Book_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Book Festival">Edinburgh International Book Festival</a> scheduled for August, was postponed.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_International" title="Glasgow International">Glasgow International</a> 2020 arts festival was also postponed until 2021.<a href="#cite_note-McGivern,_Kenney-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permanent_closure">Permanent closure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Permanent closure">edit</a>]</div> Many arts organisations, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_institution" title="Cultural institution">cultural institutions</a>, publishers, and <a href="/wiki/Production_company" title="Production company">production companies</a>, closed permanently because of the pandemic due to lost revenue. For example, by April the <a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">art dealer</a> sector expected that one third of commercial galleries worldwide would close—rising to 60% for those with fewer than 5 employees.<a href="#cite_note-theartnewspaper-96">[96]</a> Notable permanent closures included:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (April 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>UK-based classical music <a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">artist management</a> agency Hazard Chase announced in March that it was entering <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_liquidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary liquidation">voluntary liquidation</a> "in the wake of the COVID-19-induced collapse of worldwide music-making".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media New Zealand</a> announced to staff via <a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a> its immediate and permanent closure on 2 April. Management cited the financial strain due to lockdowns given that "non-daily print media were not permitted to publish through the level four lockdown". The NZ government argued that the company was closing of its own accord, as it had not sought access to financial assistance available to businesses during the crisis. Bauer was the publisher of magazines including <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Listener" title="New Zealand Listener">New Zealand Listener</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_%26_South_(New_Zealand_magazine)" title="North & South (New Zealand magazine)">North & South</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Woman%27s_Weekly" title="New Zealand Woman's Weekly">New Zealand Woman's Weekly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a>'s inflight magazine Kia Ora.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Cultural_institution" title="Cultural institution">cultural institution</a> to announce its permanent closure as a result of the pandemic was <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Contemporary" title="Indianapolis Contemporary">Indianapolis Contemporary</a>, a contemporary art museum founded in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> An announcement from its board on 3 April, stated that "We have concluded our operations are not sustainable. We are not alone as other arts institutions struggle in this crisis."<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>On West End, <a href="/wiki/Waitress_(musical)" title="Waitress (musical)">Waitress</a> was scheduled to end on 4 July, but it closed on 16 March, as West End theatres shut down; the producers later announced the show would not re-open,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> even though at the time of the announcement, the show would have been allowed to.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>On 4 May, the administration of <a href="/wiki/Carriageworks" title="Carriageworks">Carriageworks</a>—a major arts venue in Sydney, Australia—declared it would be entering <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary administration">voluntary administration</a> and closing, citing an "irreparable loss of income" due to government bans on events during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatres</a>, it was announced in May that it <a href="/wiki/Frozen_(musical)" title="Frozen (musical)">Frozen</a> would not reopen when Broadway theatres resume their performances.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Changes">Changes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Changes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/220px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/330px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/440px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="2877" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">facemask</a> placed on "Wee Annie" in <a href="/wiki/Gourock" title="Gourock">Gourock</a>, Scotland</figcaption></figure> Facing at least several weeks of closure of their buildings and publicly-accessible spaces, directors of <a href="/wiki/GLAM_(industry_sector)" class="mw-redirect" title="GLAM (industry sector)">GLAMs</a> noted several immediate trends emerging: A "concern for staff wellbeing" (ranging from <a href="/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics" class="mw-redirect" title="Human factors and ergonomics">ergonomics</a> to suicide), the expectation from many stakeholders to "move fast, but with drastically reduced resources and not a lot of strategy", "plunging revenue", probable <a href="/wiki/Layoffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Layoffs">layoffs</a> "starting with casual and part-time staff", and a "rush to get <a href="/wiki/Online_and_offline" title="Online and offline">online</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Where_we_are_and_how_do_we_plan-105">[105]</a> The simultaneous closure of the cultural sector, and home-isolation of much of the public, led to a heightened desire for people to obtain access to, and take comfort from, culture—right at the moment when it was least accessible to them.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> This accelerated the cultural sector's adoption of digital platforms, which came to dominate cultural consumption and production.<a href="#cite_note-Ottone-22">[22]</a> Many cultural sector organisations and individual artists turned to providing online activities—from social media to <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a>—as a way to continue fulfilling their organisational mission and obtain or retain an audience.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Individual artists of all kinds offered <a href="/wiki/Impromptu" title="Impromptu">impromptu</a> performances via their personal accounts from their homes—singing <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">covers</a>, performing live book or <a href="/wiki/Poetry_readings" class="mw-redirect" title="Poetry readings">poetry readings</a>, sharing their artistic process and drafts, or creatively live-streaming themselves doing both creative and everyday activities.<a href="#cite_note-deutschlandradio-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-112">[112]</a> Many publishers relaxed restrictions on the digital distribution of their in-copyright works.<a href="#cite_note-Vendor_Love-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Broadway-114">[114]</a> Major commercial <a href="/wiki/Art_exhibition" title="Art exhibition">art fairs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Arts_Festival" title="Hong Kong Arts Festival">Hong Kong Arts Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Basel" title="Art Basel">Art Basel</a> were cancelled, furthering a shift towards online purchases and the creation of VIP "online viewing rooms" rather than physical displaying at <a href="/wiki/Art_auctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Art auctions">art auctions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dw-115">[115]</a> The fact that the vast of newly digitally accessible arts and culture content was provided for free, and without <a href="/wiki/Geo-blocking" title="Geo-blocking">geo-blocking</a>, resulted in increased the public and artists' awareness of the global demand for online access to culture, the limits of <a href="/wiki/Copyright_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright law">copyright law</a>; and the expectations of access to <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">publicly funded</a> creative works.<a href="#cite_note-deutschlandradio-110">[110]</a> Large-scale examples of newly digital of the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> launched a "virtual festival of the arts" called Culture in quarantine;<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Biennale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Biennale">Sydney Biennale</a> became the first international <a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">arts festival</a> to go entirely digital<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> shortly followed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Arts_Festival" title="National Arts Festival">National Arts Festival</a>—the largest arts festival in Africa;<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> and an entirely new event, the Social Distancing Festival, was created as "...an online space for artists to showcase their work when a performance or exhibition has been impacted by COVID-19."<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/Internet_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet journalism">internet journalism</a> publications and <a href="/wiki/Industry_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry association">industry associations</a> published lists content for their country, including: Argentina,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Australia,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Italy,<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> and the UK.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> With the explicit encouragement of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> and the international governing bodies of archives, libraries, museums and documentary heritage—the <a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Council_of_Audiovisual_Archives_Associations" title="Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives Associations">CCAAA</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Museums" title="International Council of Museums">ICOM</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICCROM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICCROM">ICCROM</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World</a> regional committees<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-129">[129]</a>—many collecting institutions also began campaigns to obtain and preserve the physical and digital record of the period.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-130">[130]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:100%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "Several countries have already issued orders for meticulous preservation of official records related to the pandemic. This not only underlines the gravity of the current situation, but also highlights the importance of memory institutions in providing the records or information management resources necessary for understanding, contextualizing and overcoming such crises in the future. At the same time, records of humanity's artistic and creative expressions, which form a vital part of our documentary heritage, are a source of social connectivity and resilience for communities worldwide... ...it is essential that we ensure that a complete record of the COVID-19 pandemic exists, so that we can prevent another outbreak of this nature or better manage the impact of such global events on society in the future." </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">–<a href="/wiki/Moez_Chakchouk" title="Moez Chakchouk">Moez Chakchouk</a> et al.<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-129">[129]</a></cite></div> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aquaria_and_zoos">Aquaria and zoos</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aquaria and zoos">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg/220px-ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg/330px-ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg/440px-ZOO_Hannover_-_Reopening_During_the_COVID-19_Pandemic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sign announcing new <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a> regulations—notably a one-way-only walking path—at <a href="/wiki/Hanover_Zoo" title="Hanover Zoo">Hanover Zoo</a>, Germany upon its reopening to the public in May</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg/220px-NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg/330px-NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg/440px-NC_Zoo_COVID-19_Warning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="3034" /></a><figcaption>A sign at the <a href="/wiki/NC_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="NC Zoo">NC Zoo</a> for COVID guidelines</figcaption></figure> The impact of the pandemic has been a uniquely serious crisis for some <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoos</a>—with reduced revenues for the operators but also reduced opportunities for <a href="/wiki/Stimulation" title="Stimulation">stimulation</a> for "...the most intelligent and social animals—including gorillas, <a href="/wiki/Kea" title="Kea">kea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">meerkats</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Lonely_animals-131">[131]</a> To maintain physical distancing but also still care for the animals, some <a href="/wiki/Zookeeper" title="Zookeeper">zookeepers</a> (classed as "<a href="/wiki/Essential_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential worker">essential workers</a>") began living on-site at certain zoos.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Animals who would normally have a regular scheduled public feeding, petting, or performance for zoo visitors were reported to be still "keeping their appointments" and noticing that "something odd is up".<a href="#cite_note-Lonely_animals-131">[131]</a> In response to the absence of visitors, some institutions launched new <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a> of their animal habitats as well as feeding sessions,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> or took some animals (such as penguins,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> sloths,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> camels, sea lions, and flamingos<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a>) to visit other animal enclosures. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumida_aquarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumida aquarium (page does not exist)">Sumida aquarium</a> in Tokyo encouraged people to make video-calls to the <a href="/wiki/Garden_eel" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden eel">garden eels</a> so they would not "forget that humans exist".<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Many zoos and aquaria, due to their on-site <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary</a> facilities, were also able to donate <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_supplies" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical supplies">medical supplies</a> to hospitals (due to global <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">shortages of during the pandemic</a>).<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Due to the sudden collapse in international travel, the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_tourism" title="Wildlife tourism">wildlife tourism</a> sector risks the potential starvation of the animals. For example, as a consequence of the lack of tourists paying for food more than 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Elephants_in_Thailand" title="Elephants in Thailand">elephants in Thailand</a> risk starvation.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> A "brawl" of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_macaque" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-tailed macaque">long-tailed macaque</a> broke out in the streets of <a href="/wiki/Lopburi" title="Lopburi">Lopburi</a>, Thailand (known as "monkey city"), as the animals—normally sustained by scraps by tourists—fought for food.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In countries wildlife tourism represents a significant portion of employment (such as Tanzania and Namibia), there is concern that a loss of jobs related to conservation will see a rise in <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> while animals in <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife reserves">wildlife reserves</a> began roaming into areas recently vacated by tourists.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> A pair of <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant pandas</a> at Hong Kong amusement park <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Park_Hong_Kong" title="Ocean Park Hong Kong">Ocean Park</a> mated for the first time in 10 years, after the "privacy" of having two months without tourists.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> However, another pair at the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Zoo" title="Calgary Zoo">Calgary Zoo</a> Canada, on "loan" from China as part of the <a href="/wiki/Panda_diplomacy" title="Panda diplomacy">Panda diplomacy</a> programme, were returned due to the zoo's inability to ensure a sufficient supply of <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> food (which cannot be grown in Calgary's climate) due to <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">airline shutdowns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Malayan tiger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Zoo" title="Bronx Zoo">Bronx Zoo</a> in New York, tested positive for COVID-19 in the first week of April after developing a "dry cough" after having been infected via an asymptomatic zookeeper.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> This was the first known case of a wild animal having been infected via a human (two domestic dogs and a cat had previously been diagnosed).<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Several other <a href="/wiki/Big_cat" title="Big cat">big cats</a> in American zoos were later diagnosed, and in January 2021 the first known cases in captive primates were recorded – in several <a href="/wiki/Gorillas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorillas">gorillas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego zoo">San Diego zoo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema,_television_and_radio">Cinema, television and radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cinema, television and radio">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kino-Center,_Rendsburg_(P1100354).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kino-Center%2C_Rendsburg_%28P1100354%29.jpg/220px-Kino-Center%2C_Rendsburg_%28P1100354%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kino-Center%2C_Rendsburg_%28P1100354%29.jpg/330px-Kino-Center%2C_Rendsburg_%28P1100354%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kino-Center%2C_Rendsburg_%28P1100354%29.jpg/440px-Kino-Center%2C_Rendsburg_%28P1100354%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A closed cinema in Germany with the announcement: "We will serve you again soon! Stay healthy!"</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">on television</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports</a></div> The production and release schedule of many <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">films</a> was suspended or delayed, with some awards ceremonies and festivals being cancelled entirely. March 2020 estimates were of approximately $5b losses for the industry,<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> while April estimates were global losses of 40% (compared to 2019) of $20b.<a href="#cite_note-Best_Case_down_40%-151">[151]</a> Examples of adaptations included: early <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home media</a> release (<a href="/wiki/Frozen_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Frozen II">Frozen II</a>); <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_release" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical release">theatrical releases</a> being cancelled entirely (<a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Russia" title="Lost in Russia">Lost in Russia</a>); and online premieres (<a href="/wiki/Enter_the_Fat_Dragon_(2020_film)" title="Enter the Fat Dragon (2020 film)">Enter the Fat Dragon</a>). Film director <a href="/wiki/Taika_Waititi" title="Taika Waititi">Taika Waititi</a> also hosted a screening-party via his own <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> account.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Many film productions were suspended, including <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_Resurrections" title="The Matrix Resurrections">The Matrix Resurrections</a>, and a film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Heptam%C3%A9ron" title="Heptaméron">The Heptameron</a> in production in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy, based on the 14th-century <a href="/wiki/The_Decameron" title="The Decameron">Decameron</a> by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a>, set during the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> in Florence.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The traditional cinema <a href="/w/index.php?title=Release_schedule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Release schedule (page does not exist)">release schedule</a>—whereby movie theatres enjoy a two-to-three-month period of exclusivity before a <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a> release—was also interrupted by the closure of theatres. Innovations because of this included "high-priced rentals", with <a href="/wiki/The_Invisible_Man_(2020_film)" title="The Invisible Man (2020 film)">The Invisible Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(2020_film)" title="The Hunt (2020 film)">The Hunt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emma_(2020_film)" title="Emma (2020 film)">Emma</a> were almost immediately released on to digital streaming services, where viewers could rent—not buy—the film for $20.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> The financial success for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios,_Inc." title="Universal Studios, Inc.">Universal Studios</a> for <a href="/wiki/Trolls_World_Tour" title="Trolls World Tour">Trolls World Tour</a> through this distribution method (where the total digital rental revenue was lower than a traditional theatrical release, but the proportion of the profit retained by the studio was higher as the theatres were not receiving a percentage of Box office revenue) led to speculation this would permanently change the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_accounting" title="Hollywood accounting">business model</a> for film distribution.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> By September when some new big-budget Hollywood films began to shown in cinemas (notably <a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a>), their initial lacklustre box-office performance drove movie studios to further delay other releases (including <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_1984" title="Wonder Woman 1984">Wonder Woman 1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(2021_film)" title="Black Widow (2021 film)">Black Widow</a> and <a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die" title="No Time to Die">No Time To Die</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a>)—leaving a void in late 2020 of major film releases for cinemas to screen, even though they were permitted to reopen.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Consequently, a cinema re-release of the 1993 film <a href="/wiki/Hocus_Pocus_(1993_film)" title="Hocus Pocus (1993 film)">Hocus Pocus</a> in October, to coincide with Halloween, was briefly the <a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2020 box office number-one films in the United States">box office number-one film in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Film_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Film festivals">film festivals</a>, The <a href="/wiki/2020_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2020 Cannes Film Festival">2020 Cannes Film Festival</a>, originally scheduled to occur in mid-May, was postponed and later cancelled from "its original form",<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> and its venue converted to an emergency <a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">homeless shelter</a> for the period of the national lockdown in France.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> By contrast the <a href="/wiki/77th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="77th Venice International Film Festival">77th Venice International Film Festival</a>, scheduled for early September, declared in April that it would still take place as originally planned and would not be collaborating with Cannes.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Eligibility rules for the <a href="/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards" title="93rd Academy Awards">93rd Academy Awards</a> were changed due to the pandemic, with films that debuted on <a href="/wiki/Streaming_service_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming service provider">streaming services</a> being eligible for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/2020_Sundance_Film_Festival" title="2020 Sundance Film Festival">2020 Sundance Film Festival</a>, held as originally scheduled in January in Utah, US, many attendees fell ill with <a href="/wiki/Influenza-like_illness" title="Influenza-like illness">flu-like symptoms</a>. It was dubbed the "Sundance Plague" and later was presumed to be one of the first mass transmission events of COVID-19 in the United States, more than a month before the global pandemic was declared.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Television_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Television industry">television industry</a>, similarly to that of cinema, production halted on many <a href="/wiki/Scripted_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripted television">scripted</a> and unscripted shows<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> while some television and radio programmes continued production but without their normal live <a href="/wiki/Studio_audience" title="Studio audience">studio audience</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> or produced from the homes of the presenters themselves.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Complete cancellations included series which had been running uninterrupted for the proceeding several decades, including: <a href="/wiki/The_Bold_and_the_Beautiful" title="The Bold and the Beautiful">The Bold and the Beautiful</a> (season 34), <a href="/wiki/Casualty_(TV_series)" title="Casualty (TV series)">Casualty</a> (season 34), <a href="/wiki/Days_of_Our_Lives" title="Days of Our Lives">Days of Our Lives</a> (season 55), <a href="/wiki/Home_and_Away" title="Home and Away">Home and Away</a> (season 33), <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a> (season 45), and <a href="/wiki/The_Young_and_the_Restless" title="The Young and the Restless">The Young and the Restless</a> (season 47). It also forced the cancellation of the 2020 seasons of the reality TV franchise <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(franchise)" title="Big Brother (franchise)">Big Brother</a> in <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_Brasil_20" title="Big Brother Brasil 20">Brazilian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_Canada_(season_8)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother Canada (season 8)">Canadian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(German_season_13)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother (German season 13)">German</a> which had been underway since before the pandemic began—with contestants being "some of the last people in the world to find out about the rapid spread of Covid-19".<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> This led to the "ethical nightmare" of how and whether to: inform participants; publicly broadcast their reactions; and continue production.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> By late 2020 many productions resumed under new but inconsistent, and inconsistently applied, safety guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> In parallel to the suspension of entertainment content production, there was a marked increase in the use of <a href="/wiki/Video_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video streaming">video streaming</a> services due to the massive increase of people staying at home. As a result, many <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a> services, <a href="/wiki/Film_archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Film archives">film archives</a>, and cinema clubs provided many films for online streaming.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> However, the increased use of video streaming for entertainment (as well as <a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">videoconferencing</a> services such as <a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a> for work and education) caused unprecedented strain on global <a href="/wiki/Internet_infrastructure" title="Internet infrastructure">internet infrastructure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In response, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> and YouTube both decreased the default video quality to <a href="/wiki/Standard_definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard definition">standard definition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a> delayed its launch in France, and <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a> requested developers to schedule software updates at times of lower network congestion.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Various paid services also offered some of their content for free, including <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>,<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Netflix,<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">satellite radio</a> <a href="/wiki/SiriusXM" class="mw-redirect" title="SiriusXM">SiriusXM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Due to the global cancellation of professional sports, the loss of advertising revenue and broadcast rights derived from the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_of_sports_events" title="Broadcasting of sports events">broadcasting of sports events</a> is expected to threaten the financial viability of many competitions.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries_and_archives">Libraries and archives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Libraries and archives">edit</a>]</div> Libraries and archives faced different situations, from maintaining a full service with some restrictions, through providing minimal services, to complete closure.<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Accessible-4">[4]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">Institute of Museum and Library Services</a> noted that the risk of coronavirus transmission from paper was low, according to medical journal publications. Therefore, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Federation of Library Associations">International Federation of Library Associations</a> noted that some libraries had imposed a wait period before handling returned books, while others have made it clear that no-one is expected to return borrowed books until things return to normal.<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a> Librarians for whom providing continued services became even more important during the pandemic included those managing <a href="/wiki/Medical_library" title="Medical library">medical libraries</a>,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> in prisons, and in <a href="/wiki/Aged_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Aged care">aged care</a> facilities.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public libraries</a> cancelled programmes which would see people spend longer periods together. Others closed public reading rooms or only allowed people to collect requested books on appointment, with a <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a>, or providing delivery service to especially vulnerable community groups.<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a> Such "book taxi" delivery services were begun by municipal library services in such diverse places as in <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a>, Norway,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Godoy_Cruz,_Mendoza" title="Godoy Cruz, Mendoza">Godoy Cruz</a>, Argentina,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> and all across Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Al-Abbas_Holy_Shrine" title="Library of Al-Abbas Holy Shrine">Library of Al-Abbas Holy Shrine</a> in Iraq launched a remote lending service for researchers giving access to electronic resources.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Recognising the demand from people who had previously not registered for a <a href="/wiki/Library_card" title="Library card">library card</a> in person, many libraries—including the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Kingdom_of_Morocco" title="National Library of the Kingdom of Morocco">national libraries of Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Estonia" title="National Library of Estonia">of Estonia</a>—removed the requirement or created an eMembership system.<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a> In a repurposing of technical equipment, public libraries across Lithuania with <a href="/wiki/3D_printers" class="mw-redirect" title="3D printers">3D printers</a> created <a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">face shields</a> for medical personnel and "hands-free door handles" for local shops, while the <a href="/wiki/Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas_National_Library_of_Lithuania" title="Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania">national library</a> donated 3,000 new laptops (originally intended for local libraries) to schoolchildren without a computer at home.<a href="#cite_note-eifl-189">[189]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Library_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenya National Library Service">Kenya National Library Service</a>'s computer lab has been converted to become the <a href="/wiki/Taita_Taveta_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Taita Taveta County">Taita Taveta County</a> data-entry and analysis centre for COVID-19 tests.<a href="#cite_note-eifl-189">[189]</a> Libraries of different sizes and purposes around the world worked to provide access to collections and services remotely. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a> organised <a href="/wiki/Virtual_exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual exhibition">virtual exhibitions</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> the Granby library in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec</a> highlighted content focused on learning new skills,<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Library_Authority" title="Ghana Library Authority">Ghana Library Authority</a> provided childhood <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a> classes via Facebook,<a href="#cite_note-eifl-189">[189]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National library of Israel">National library of Israel</a> announced it would provide free audiobooks,<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> the library of the <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="National Congress of Argentina">National Congress of Argentina</a> announced it would record and share readings by prominent local authors,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibia_Library_and_Archives_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibia Library and Archives Service (page does not exist)">Namibia Library and Archives Service</a> (NLAS) reported that all 65 local libraries left their <a href="/wiki/Public_wifi" class="mw-redirect" title="Public wifi">public wifi</a> running overnight to provide ongoing access.<a href="#cite_note-eifl-189">[189]</a> Corresponding to a marked increase in demand for digital resources (as demonstrated by a "flash survey" conducted by the French ministry of culture<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a>) there were major efforts to boost access to <a href="/wiki/EBooks" class="mw-redirect" title="EBooks">eBooks</a>: by increasing the number of eBooks in the catalogue (the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Public_Library_of_America" title="Digital Public Library of America">Digital Public Library of America</a> announced its intention to double the collection to 12,000 titles),<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> increasing the number that people can borrow at any given time, or by reassigning budgets to pay for electronic content.<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> On 24 March the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> announced the creation of a "National Emergency Library" whereby it suspended the waitlists on 1.4m ebooks from their lending library—books that are not in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_in_the_United_States" title="Public domain in the United States">public domain in the US</a>—to ensure uninterrupted access to works books for educators and students.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> The project was strongly criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Publishing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Publishing industry">publishing industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alexandra_Alter_Archive-199">[199]</a> The shift to increased provision of home-delivery and digital services was met with a substantial increase in demand. Between March and mid-August across libraries in the UK, there was an increase 146% in checkouts of eBooks and up to 700% increase in online membership card registrations.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> Many archives (national, university, and local) initiated collection programmes specifically attempting to document the pandemic<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> and various training packages, resource kits, document templates, and best-practice guides were produced<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a>—notably from the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> In the US, archivists have collected objects including <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>'s coronavirus model and the first vials used to administer vaccine. At the same time that many staff were unable to work onsite at their institutions or directly access their collections, museums and archives requested that people set aside and save "objects of importance" such as gloves. masks and other pandemic artifacts. In addition, unprecedented numbers of individuals have documented their experiences of the pandemic through social media, journals and other creative works both physically and electronically.<a href="#cite_note-Emslie-204">[204]</a> In choosing what to document and what to ignore, curators grapple with the question of what objects or records will be historically relevant and meaningful in the future. They must also consider which items are likely to be ephemeral, and which will remain available for future collection. Processes of archiving and curation reflect the biases of those involved and will shape the questions that future researchers will be able to ask and answer.<a href="#cite_note-Emslie-204">[204]</a> In China, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Archives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Archives (page does not exist)">Shanghai Archives</a> began a specific collection in early April, with some of its first objects being examples of the colourful entry certificates "issued by local subdistricts of the city to permit travel".<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> In the Netherlands, the national digital heritage sector organisation <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netwerk_Digitaal_Erfgoed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netwerk Digitaal Erfgoed (page does not exist)">Netwerk Digitaal Erfgoed</a> launched a campaign to ensure born-digital collections related to the pandemic, notably by <a href="/wiki/Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">web archiving</a> but also including social media, and video, were archived.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Many campaigns were also mounted. These included: <a href="/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera">ephemera</a> [physical, digitised, and born-digital] collections by various libraries and archives around the world,<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> a "sound map" of recordings of empty cities,<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> an online oral history recording platform<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> as well as an <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a> project of the GLAM sector itself—which regularly interviewed directors of cultural sector organisations throughout the closure period.<a href="#cite_note-Where_we_are_and_how_do_we_plan-105">[105]</a> Once physical library services began to recommence—in May for many countries—it was with a "phased approach" to progressively resume services. The industry as a whole was "warned against any rush to re-open physical buildings" and that "it is possible that stricter rules will need to be implemented subsequently, and so the possibility of returning to lock-down".<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a> Methods employed to mitigate risks upon the restart of in-person services included: limiting the number of simultaneous patrons (which itself caused rapid over-subscription in some places, including Japan<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a>); distancing the services provided (for example in South Korea by providing book pickup via lockers<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a>); Limiting the concentration of patrons within buildings (for example, through the removal and re-arranging of some seating in Taiwan<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a>); instituting new hygiene protocols for staff and patrons (such as wearing gloves when collecting returned books in Australia<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a>). Many national library associations produced procedures and checklists to advise how—or even whether—to restart.<a href="#cite_note-IFLA-3">[3]</a> Some libraries were forced to issue a warning to patrons not to <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave</a> borrowed books in the hope of killing any virus, as this causes the <a href="/wiki/RFID" class="mw-redirect" title="RFID">RFID</a> chip to catch fire.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_publishing">Literature and publishing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literature and publishing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 100%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "I believe that books are essential. They make us kinder, more empathetic human beings. And they have the power to take us away—even momentarily—from feeling overwhelmed, anxious and scared." Author, <a href="/wiki/James_Patterson" title="James Patterson">James Patterson</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> </blockquote> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 100%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "It is only now, physically separated from friends and colleagues, that I realise how much sustenance and inspiration I receive from their insights, their conversation and their argument. <a href="/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own" title="A Room of One's Own">A Room of One's Own</a> is a necessity. It is not enough." Author, <a href="/wiki/Christos_Tsiolkas" title="Christos Tsiolkas">Christos Tsiolkas</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> </blockquote> </div> As a result of restrictions on gatherings of people, many <a href="/wiki/Literary_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary festival">literary festivals</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ominous_Future-219">[219]</a> commercial <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">book fairs</a><a href="#cite_note-London_Book_Fair_Canceled-92">[92]</a> and book launches were cancelled or postponed. In the UK,The Big Book Weekend was curated—a "three-day virtual book festival collating the efforts of literary festivals that have been cancelled in light of the pandemic".<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Such cancellations (as well as the closure of schools) had a significant impact on the ability of publishers to bring new works to the public as well as on opportunities for writers to perform at paid speaking events. Many bookshops were forced to close their doors; others including <a href="/wiki/Independent_bookstore" title="Independent bookstore">independent bookshops</a>, closed their business.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Booksellers adapted by providing free shipping and "curbside pickup" from closed shopfronts, giving book recommendations by video, and setting up partnerships with other businesses such as florists. While some bookshops continued to operate full phone, email, web order, mail order services and offered free delivery,<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> others, such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a>, de-prioritised book shipments.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Literature on the subject of epidemics and classics such as those published by <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a> experienced a boom in sales, some becoming bestsellers.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian2-224">[224]</a> Titles that sold strongly include <a href="/wiki/Decamerone" class="mw-redirect" title="Decamerone">Decamerone</a> by Giovanni Boccaccio, written about 1453;<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/A_Journal_of_the_Plague_Year" title="A Journal of the Plague Year">A Journal of the Plague Year</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> about 1722; <a href="/wiki/La_Peste" class="mw-redirect" title="La Peste">La Peste</a> by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a>, published in 1947; <a href="/wiki/The_Stand" title="The Stand">The Stand</a> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>, published in 1978; and <a href="/wiki/The_Eyes_of_Darkness" title="The Eyes of Darkness">The Eyes of Darkness</a> by <a href="/wiki/Dean_Koontz" title="Dean Koontz">Dean Koontz</a>, released in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian2-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodical">Periodical</a> publishers of news and magazines saw coronavirus-related content published in late March represented just 1% of articles published, but accounted for about 13% of all article views.<a href="#cite_note-Surge_Loyalty_Content-228">[228]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Paywalled" class="mw-redirect" title="Paywalled">paywalled</a> news services removed that restriction to generate <a href="/wiki/Brand_loyalty" title="Brand loyalty">brand loyalty</a> and greater public access to relevant information. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a> Italy made digital editions of all its magazines (such as <a href="/wiki/Vogue_Italia" title="Vogue Italia">Vogue Italia</a>) free for three months, similarly <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Communications" title="Hearst Communications">Hearst Spain</a> (publisher of <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)" title="Cosmopolitan (magazine)">Cosmopolitan</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Surge_Loyalty_Content-228">[228]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic publishers">academic publishers</a> made available "more than 32,000 articles, chapters and other resources" related to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> under various degrees of <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>, to provide "immediate access to accurate and validated articles and monographs that the public can trust."<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Many academic <a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">electronic publishers</a> (including <a href="/wiki/EBSCO_Information_Services" title="EBSCO Information Services">EBSCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Education" title="Pearson Education">Pearson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> among others) made temporary changes to their content <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">licensing</a> models to allow wider and/or cheaper access to their digital content.<a href="#cite_note-Vendor_Love-113">[113]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Hathi_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Hathi Trust">Hathi Trust</a> temporarily allowed libraries to lend out digitised copies of books that they own in hard copy.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In a surprise announcement, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a> removed the embargo that it had recently placed upon public libraries in the US—allowing only one eBook copy per library system for the first eight weeks after a title's release—in acknowledgement that the commercial publishing and public library sectors needed to collaborate during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> For professional authors, many revenue streams were curtailed.<a href="#cite_note-Alison_Flood-232">[232]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Booksellers_Association" title="American Booksellers Association">American Booksellers Association</a> lobbied publishers to provide discounts to independent retailers.<a href="#cite_note-Ominous_Future-219">[219]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Consciousness_Prize" title="Republic of Consciousness Prize">Republic of Consciousness Prize</a> for small publishers of fiction split its £10,000 award of among the five shortlisted nominees.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/Audible_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audible (store)">Audible</a> (owned by Amazon) announced it would make 300 <a href="/wiki/Audiobooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiobooks">audiobooks</a> free with login, for the duration of school closures.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Gallery_of_Art_(49656625722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/National_Gallery_of_Art_%2849656625722%29.jpg/220px-National_Gallery_of_Art_%2849656625722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/National_Gallery_of_Art_%2849656625722%29.jpg/330px-National_Gallery_of_Art_%2849656625722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/National_Gallery_of_Art_%2849656625722%29.jpg/440px-National_Gallery_of_Art_%2849656625722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7683" data-file-height="5127" /></a><figcaption>Visitors to the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, US wearing <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">face masks</a>, in March, the day before the museum was closed</figcaption></figure> In parallel to logistical challenges of when to close (and how to safely reopen) buildings to the public,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> and drastically decreased revenues and layoffs across the sector,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-ne-mo-238">[238]</a> many museum websites were rapidly updated to focus on their "virtual museum resources, e-learning, and online collections".<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Institutions' efforts to engage with the public during the lockdown took many forms—including the provision of: humour; <a href="/wiki/Escapism" title="Escapism">escapism</a>; opportunities to express artistic creativity; education opportunities; social connection and collaboration; and "a sense of calm".<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Online training workshops were organised for the museum sector—in digital strategy,<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> in copyright,<a href="#cite_note-Medium_GLAM-244">[244]</a> planning for "post-crisis",<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> and for the public.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> Furthermore, and in parallel to the work of archives, many museums began "rapid response collecting" programmes in an effort to document and acquire artefacts and ephemera associated with the period of time, and the many ways that society changed through of it.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Examples of objects collected by different museums included diaries, handicrafts, masks/faceshields, computer screenshots, photographs, and hand sanitiser.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> The vial which held the first clinically approved <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a> dose delivered in the world (by <a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a> in the United Kingdom), and the syringe used to administer it, were acquired by the <a href="/wiki/London_Science_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="London Science Museum">London Science Museum</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a>, vaccination card, and badge of the first vaccine recipient in the United States (a nurse) were acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Having been the first country to enforce quarantine upon its population, museums in China were also the first to provide new digital services (primarily for a domestic audience, but to a lesser extent also internationally). In January the <a href="/wiki/National_Cultural_Heritage_Administration" title="National Cultural Heritage Administration">National Cultural Heritage Administration</a> (NCHA) said they would "encourage cultural heritage museums and institutions around the country to utilise existing digital resources and launch online exhibitions as appropriate, providing the public with safe and convenient online services."<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 100%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "This year, the paint has more time to dry." Director of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_New_South_Wales" title="Art Gallery of New South Wales">Art Gallery of New South Wales</a> announcing a delay to the <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Prize" title="Archibald Prize">Archibald Prize</a> portraiture exhibition until after the health crisis, "when art will be needed more than ever".<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> </blockquote> </div> Many museums turned to their existing social media presences to engage their audience online. Quickly, the Twitter hashtag #MuseumFromHome became particularly popular for museums sharing their content in innovative ways.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> and Instagram accounts such as the Dutch Tussen Kunst & Quarantaine ("between art and quarantine") and Covid Classics, the <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">J. Paul Getty Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> sponsored the "Getty Museum Challenge," inviting people to use everyday objects to recreate works of art and share their creations on social media, prompting thousands of submissions.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Various institutions were singled out for particular praise by industry analysts for their successful social media content strategy during the shutdown. These included: the <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">Getty Museum</a> for incorporating its works into the popular video game <a href="/wiki/Animal_Crossing:_New_Horizons" title="Animal Crossing: New Horizons">Animal Crossing</a>;<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Shedd_Aquarium" title="Shedd Aquarium">Shedd Aquarium</a> in Chicago for filming their penguins visiting other animals;<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a> in London for asking its followers to draw their own artworks;<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Cowboy_%26_Western_Heritage_Museum" title="National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum">National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum</a> in Oklahoma for providing an authentic and unusual 'voice' to their social media—from their security guard.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Various institutions used the closure period to re-prioritise projects and highlight different aspects of their collections. For example: The <a href="/wiki/Partition_Museum" title="Partition Museum">Partition Museum</a> of Amritsar, India undertook the "scripting, recording, editing and translation work" of new audioguides remotely;<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art" title="Philbrook Museum of Art">Philbrook Museum of Art</a> in Oklahoma, US rapidly relaunched their website in late March and was described as a model example of how an institution could "Reorganise, Reuse and Rethink" its activities.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Temporary closures also provided institutions with the opportunity to undertake extensive <a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">conservation</a> projects, especially on works rarely off display.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Ticket sales at many museums have suffered greatly in many regions due to "state-mandated limitations and almost nonexistent tourism".<a href="#cite_note-Pogrebin-267">[267]</a> This has led to drastic measures to secure funding, including the <a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning" title="Deaccessioning">deaccessioning</a> of collections. Though selling art to cover operating costs has long been frowned upon, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Art_Museum_Directors" title="Association of Art Museum Directors">Association of Art Museum Directors</a> has relaxed its prohibitions due to the pandemic in April 2020, permitting some degree of deaccession through 2022 in order to "support the direct care of the museum's collection".<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a> is among the first to make use of this window, putting 12 <a href="/wiki/Old_Master" title="Old Master">Old Masters</a> up for auction in October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Pogrebin-267">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 100%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "It is very hard financially and if you have lost the momentum you have built up over time," ... But this is also an ideal time for artists to do what it is they are supposed to be doing: create art." Musician and performer, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Minchin" title="Tim Minchin">Tim Minchin</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> </blockquote> </div> Many musicians delayed the releases of albums due to the pandemic (including <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>),<a href="#cite_note-rstone1-270">[270]</a> some moved up the release dates of their upcoming albums (including <a href="/wiki/Dua_Lipa" title="Dua Lipa">Dua Lipa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufjan_Stevens" title="Sufjan Stevens">Sufjan Stevens</a>),<a href="#cite_note-sgum1-271">[271]</a> some (including <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phish" title="Phish">Phish</a>) released new albums with little or no notice,<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> and some published videos of archival footage and of past concerts (including <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>).<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In the middle of March, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> released a single 17-minute new song called "<a href="/wiki/Murder_Most_Foul_(song)" title="Murder Most Foul (song)">Murder Most Foul</a>", his first piece of published original material in eight years.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">2020 Eurovision Song Contest</a>, set to take place in May in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, was cancelled—marking the first time the annual contest would not take place since its inauguration in 1956<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a>—and the intended venue <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Ahoy" title="Rotterdam Ahoy">Rotterdam Ahoy</a> was instead converted into a temporary COVID-19 hospital.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Several special remote-participation <a href="/wiki/Concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="Concerts">concerts</a> were organised to provide entertainment to the public, <a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">raise funds</a>, and to raise awareness of methods to combat the virus, notably <a href="/wiki/Physical_distancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical distancing">physical distancing</a>. The <a href="/wiki/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America" title="IHeart Living Room Concert for America">iHeart Living Room Concert for America</a> concert (hosted by <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>) was broadcast on American TV and radio on 29 March, while <a href="/wiki/Together_at_Home" title="Together at Home">Together at Home</a> was a "virtual concert series". It was then followed by the <a href="/wiki/One_World:_Together_at_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="One World: Together at Home">One World: Together at Home</a> concert on 18 April, organised by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Benefit_concert" title="Benefit concert">benefit concert</a> for the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a>, which was broadcast on radio, TV, and many digital platforms simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> The quickly organised "Instagram Live Music Festival" Isol Aid (a reference to <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a>) a weekly series of concerts by Australian bands was broadcast from late March. Each artist performed from wherever they were <a href="/wiki/Isolation_(health_care)" title="Isolation (health care)">self isolating</a> and "... play a 20-minute set streamed live on their Instagram accounts, and then tag-team the next artist to play".<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> 2020, which fell during the peak of the <a href="/wiki/Flatten_the_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatten the curve">infection curve</a> in many countries, Italian opera singer <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Bocelli" title="Andrea Bocelli">Andrea Bocelli</a> performed in the empty <a href="/wiki/Milan_Cathedral" title="Milan Cathedral">cathedral of Milan</a>—capital of the worst-hit region of Italy—accompanied only by the <a href="/wiki/Milan_Cathedral" title="Milan Cathedral">Cathedral</a> organist and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streamed live</a> via YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> By way of thanks, acts including <a href="/wiki/Liam_Gallagher" title="Liam Gallagher">Liam Gallagher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rick_Astley" title="Rick Astley">Rick Astley</a> announced they would perform free concerts exclusively for healthcare workers later in the year.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Individually and collectively, musicians organised online performances, dubbed "virtual concerts", both of contemporary<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> and of classical music.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Often these included musical sections referencing the fact of social isolation or home-quarantine, via their own social media platforms. Some were especially planned and prepared; some were impromptu.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> For example: Brazilian guitarist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain%C3%A3_Cavalcante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cainã Cavalcante (page does not exist)">Cainã Cavalcante</a> broadcast "Quarentena Sessions" duets with other home-isolated musicians;<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> cellist <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">YoYo Ma</a> performed "Going Home" by <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a>; the <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Symphony_Orchestra" title="West Australian Symphony Orchestra">West Australian Symphony Orchestra</a> renamed themselves the "West Australian Social Distancing Orchestra" and played a re-arranged version of <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%A9ro" title="Boléro">Boléro</a> by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>; and an amateur choir gathered the contributions of more than 1,000 people from 18 countries to create a video performance of "Close To You" by <a href="/wiki/The_Carpenters" title="The Carpenters">The Carpenters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Many musicians, singers and songwriters adapted to the crisis by turning to teaching online as there was both a sudden increase in people wanting to learn instruments, and a drop in paid public performance opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> However, due to the proliferation of free musical content—through concerts for charity fundraisers, streaming on social media, and corporate events for low fees—some artists and industry bodies warned of diminished incomes both in the short and asking artists to perform for free becomes increasingly the norm.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> Adapting to the pandemic and the need for music patrons to wear a mask, the conductor of the <a href="/wiki/Budapest_Festival_Orchestra" title="Budapest Festival Orchestra">Budapest Festival Orchestra</a> <a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Fischer" title="Iván Fischer">Iván Fischer</a> invented an acoustic "music-enhancing" face-mask, which has two life-sized hands made out of transparent plastic that cup around the ears. Audience members reported that the mask improved the sound.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant,_MI_(49730008467).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant%2C_MI_%2849730008467%29.jpg/220px-No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant%2C_MI_%2849730008467%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant%2C_MI_%2849730008467%29.jpg/330px-No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant%2C_MI_%2849730008467%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant%2C_MI_%2849730008467%29.jpg/440px-No_Close_Encounters_of_Any_Kind_on_marquee_of_Broadway_Theatre_-_Mt._Pleasant%2C_MI_%2849730008467%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>A theater marquee in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Michigan" title="Mount Pleasant, Michigan">Mount Pleasant, Michigan</a> promotes social distancing</figcaption></figure> Due to <a href="/wiki/Physical_distancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical distancing">physical distancing</a> requirements many performing arts venues were closed, curtailing not only public performances but also rehearsals and performing arts schools.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian3-291">[291]</a> In some cases, such as for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Edinburgh_festivals" title="List of Edinburgh festivals">Edinburgh Festival</a>, launched after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> as an effort to reconcile people through the performing arts, it was the first cancellation in more than sixty years.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Many performing arts institutions attempted to adapt by offering new (or newly expanded) digital services to their audiences during lockdown. In particular this resulted in the free <a href="/wiki/Online_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Online streaming">online streaming</a> of previously recorded performances of many companies—especially <a href="/wiki/Orchestral" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestral">Orchestral</a> performances and plays—lists of which were collated by crowdsourcing<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> and by journalists.<a href="#cite_note-N_Kenyon-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> For example: the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> of New York broadcast a new opera each evening, including an entire <a href="/wiki/Ring_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Cycle">Ring Cycle</a> performed during the 2010–12 seasons;<a href="#cite_note-Week_of_Wagner-297">[297]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Ballet" title="Bolshoi Ballet">Bolshoi Ballet</a> company of Moscow made available six of their performances;<a href="#cite_note-Bolshoi-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> published 40 of its filmed stage productions;<a href="#cite_note-Shakespeare_Globe-300">[300]</a> producer <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> published a filmed production of one of his stage musicals each week.<a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Lloyd_Webber-301">[301]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">filmed version</a> of the stage musical <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a>, though originally scheduled for a 15 October 2021 theatrical release, but was later moved up to 3 July 2020 exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>, as announced by the show's creator <a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> on 12 May 2020.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> The 2020 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Variety_Performance" title="Royal Variety Performance">Royal Variety Performance</a> was pre-recorded with a virtual audience represented by screens on the empty auditorium seats.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> Meanwhile, due to the closure of productions and the simultaneous shortage of <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> (PPE) several theatre costume departments—notably that of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_State_Opera" title="Berlin State Opera">Berlin State Opera</a>—converted to creating <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">facemasks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> Individual actors, such as <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Neill" title="Sam Neill">Sam Neill</a>, entertained from isolation to "...be in this together and that this has to take the form of being apart", as Neill described his contribution of <a href="/wiki/Comedic_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedic relief">comedic relief</a>.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> Stewart, a trained Shakespearian actor, broadcast himself reading one <a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_sonnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespearean sonnet">sonnet</a> each day via social media,<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> readings described as "more than light entertainment, they're moments of connection".<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Theatre_Company" title="Sydney Theatre Company">Sydney Theatre Company</a> commissioned actors to film themselves at home discussing, then performing, a monologue from one of the characters they had previously played on stage.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> Many ballet companies ran classes via <a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a> to their dancers which were also broadcast.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> Ballet dancers, including <a href="/wiki/Principal_dancer" title="Principal dancer">principal dancer</a> with the <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_B._Whiteside" title="James B. Whiteside">James B. Whiteside</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Boylston" title="Isabella Boylston">Isabella Boylston</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Artistic_director" title="Artistic director">artistic director</a> and a lead <a href="/wiki/Principal_dancer" title="Principal dancer">principal dancer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_National_Ballet" title="English National Ballet">English National Ballet</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Rojo" title="Tamara Rojo">Tamara Rojo</a>, offered live classes on social media.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Performing arts schools ran classes and student productions online: "'Taking training that is fundamentally embodied into an online space is difficult,'...What the students lost in a staged production, they have gained in new skills stated David Berthold, [a director of Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Dramatic_Art" title="National Institute of Dramatic Art">National Institute of Dramatic Art</a>], 'They quickly worked out they were building a new toolkit for the future of storytelling.'"<a href="#cite_note-theguardian3-291">[291]</a> Live theater performances experienced a drop in season ticket holders that persisted into 2023.<a href="#cite_note-:1-311">[311]</a> The loss of subscribers to season tickets affected donations overall.<a href="#cite_note-:1-311">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adaptations_to_venues_and_performances">Adaptations to venues and performances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Adaptations to venues and performances">edit</a>]</div> Upon reopening, many modifications needed to be made to both the venue and the performances in order to diminish the risk of disease transmission. For example, in dance: the first post-shutdown performance by the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Ballet" title="Stuttgart Ballet">Stuttgart Ballet</a> featured "a spaced-out trio" and a <a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">pas de deux</a> performed by a pair who also live together, and an audience capacity reduced from 1,400 seats to 249. Equally the 32nd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanec_Praha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanec Praha (page does not exist)">Tanec Praha</a> [Dance Prague] a normally international festival of contemporary dance held annually in June, only featured locally resident artists.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian4-312">[312]</a> In September a performance at the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Real" title="Teatro Real">Teatro Real</a> in Madrid was abandoned following protests from within the audience that they had been seated too close together.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In Spain, conceptual artist Eugenio Ampudia created an audience of 2,292 <a href="/wiki/Houseplant" title="Houseplant">potted plants</a> - one for each seat in Barcelona's <a href="/wiki/Liceu" title="Liceu">Gran Teatre del Liceu</a> - as an audience for the UceLi <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">String Quartet</a>. The musicians played <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crisantemi" title="Crisantemi">Crisantemi</a> on 23 June 2020, the day after Spain's three month <a href="/wiki/Lockdown" title="Lockdown">lockdown</a> ended.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> In Japan, a creative modification to a venue was made by designer <a href="/wiki/Eisuke_Tachikawa" title="Eisuke Tachikawa">Eisuke Tachikawa</a> as part of a series of design initiatives intended to at make COVID-19 safety precautions "more fun". Tachikawa stuck a piece of <a href="/wiki/Erik_Satie" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a>'s score for his <a href="/wiki/Gymnop%C3%A9die_No._1" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnopédie No. 1">Gymnopédie No. 1</a> to the floor at the entrance of the Minatomirai Hall in Yokohama. Each note is spaced 1.5 metres from the next. The idea of the "Social Harmony installation" is to help people practise social distancing, and since standing on a note causes it to play, it encourages those queuing to work together to play the complete melody.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impacts">Impacts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Impacts">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budgets_and_employment">Budgets and employment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Budgets and employment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div> Due to the closures, revenues for cultural organisations reliant on ticket sales were expected to cause devastating effects upon revenues, For example, during closure, the average reported weekly revenue loss in the European museum sector was 80%.<a href="#cite_note-ne-mo-238">[238]</a> This consequently directly affected organisational staffing, and on independent artists and professionals, due to the fact that the arts and culture is a sector of national economies characterised by particularly a high proportion of temporary contracts and self-employment.<a href="#cite_note-England_Emergency-318">[318]</a> For example, by 20 March the <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a> had <a href="/wiki/Laid_off" class="mw-redirect" title="Laid off">laid off</a> 95% of its workforce and closed <a href="/wiki/Traveling_circus" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveling circus">traveling circus</a> performances operating in seven countries.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> A <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> report estimated ten million job losses worldwide in the culture and creative industries.<a href="#cite_note-Ottone-22">[22]</a> The world commercial art market declined 5% in 2019 compared to the previous year, and is expected to decline further in 2020—with six of the world's 10 largest auction houses operating exclusively in China.<a href="#cite_note-dw-115">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_dealers" class="mw-redirect" title="Art dealers">Art dealers</a> worldwide expected annual decreased revenues of more than 70% and, in countries where a government emergency wage-subsidy system was in place, two-thirds of gallery employees had been <a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">furloughed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theartnewspaper-96">[96]</a> UNESCO estimated the 2020 drop in the cultural and creative industries' <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">gross value added</a> at 750 billion US dollars: more than the total <a href="/wiki/Gross_Domestic_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Domestic Product">Gross Domestic Product</a> of Poland or Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> Arts and culture sector budgetary and employment reports from individual countries included: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>. According to government figures, "cultural and creative activity contributed to A$112 billion (6.4% of GDP) to Australia's economy in 2016–17".<a href="#cite_note-docaapr9-321">[321]</a> By late March 2020, 255,000 cultural events had been cancelled with an estimated revenue loss of $A280 million, self reported through the crowdsourced website ILostMyGig.net.au.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Opera_Australia" title="Opera Australia">Opera Australia</a>—the nation's largest performing arts company—temporarily stood down nearly all its staff<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> amid speculation it would also need to sell major assets to avoid bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> In mid-April, the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Melbourne Symphony Orchestra">Melbourne Symphony Orchestra</a> fired all of its musicians "rather than honouring an agreement that would have kept them on the books on half pay".<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a>. 61% of organisations established between 4–10 years have stopped during lockdown.<a href="#cite_note-britishcouncil.in-47">[47]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>. In March, when many institutions closed for the first time since <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a>, the state-funded museum sector had been valued at €27 billion or 1.6% of national GDP—slightly smaller than the agriculture sector.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Beyond the general financial stimulus measures announced for the country—for which the cultural sector would be eligible—on 15 April the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a> announced an extra package of €300 million for the cultural sector.<a href="#cite_note-rijksoverheid-81">[81]</a> National arts funding body the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonds_Podiumkunsten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonds Podiumkunsten (page does not exist)">Fonds Podiumkunsten</a> announced it would accept "postponement, relocation or changes" to plans for which arts organisations had received grants, without needing to seek specific approval; and encouraged institutions to continue paying any freelance contractors.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. In April the parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Digital,_Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee</a> convened an inquiry into the impact of the pandemic. It would "...consider both the immediate and long-term impact that Covid-19 and the related social and financial measures are having on the wide range of industries and organisations under the Committee's remit."<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> The <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">treasury department</a> also informed the DCMS that heritage organisations which receive some government funding (such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>) could not use any extra funding they receive to "top up" salaries of any <a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">furloughed</a> staff—staff who would be being paid 80% of their salaries directly by Treasury under the national "<a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Job_Retention_Scheme" title="Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme">Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme</a>". The announcement was criticised by the union and contrasted with the approach taken towards other similar bodies such as <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_London" title="Transport for London">Transport for London</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Museums_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museums of Scotland">National Museums of Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> The Artists' Union England (AUE) noted that its members, as well as most self-employed workers of the cultural sector, saw many of their projects and fees cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Yet, the government's "Self-Employment Income Support Scheme" should only reach the accounts of those able to claim it in June.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Consequently <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a> requested all its funded organisations to honour their contracts despite projects being cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> The support provided by the government was criticised by AUE as insufficient as it exempted freelancers who also had a separate job.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> In September the <a href="/wiki/V%26A" class="mw-redirect" title="V&A">V&A</a> museum announced 10% of staff would be made redundant—the entire retail and visitor experience departments.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United States">United States</a>. As the pandemic spread and closures became the standard not the exception, institutions started publishing expected revenue shortfall calculations.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> For example, by the end of March: the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan opera">Metropolitan opera</a> expects to lose $60m in revenue;<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Museum">Metropolitan Museum</a> expects to lose $100m<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> and <a href="/wiki/SFMOMA" class="mw-redirect" title="SFMOMA">SFMOMA</a> predicted a 40% decrease in revenue.<a href="#cite_note-KQED_Hotchkiss-338">[338]</a> Matching this prediction, the American movie industry predicted a "best case" decreased of 40% (compared to 2019 figures) if cinemas were shut for only three months, the lowest figure since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Best_Case_down_40%-151">[151]</a> By the end of March, many museums were announcing the <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(employment)" title="Dismissal (employment)">dismissal</a> of large portions of their staff with short notice.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> Examples included: the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a> put all part-time staff on unpaid leave, "temporarily" <a href="/wiki/Layoff" title="Layoff">laid off</a> unionised workers, and reduced the salaries of remaining staff;<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/SFMOMA" class="mw-redirect" title="SFMOMA">SFMOMA</a> put 300 employees on unpaid leave;<a href="#cite_note-KQED_Hotchkiss-338">[338]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art">Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art</a> fired 73% of its staff;<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Museums_of_Pittsburgh" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh</a> <a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">furloughed</a> 550 of its 1,003 staff (75% of which were part-time);<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_of_Minnesota" title="Science Museum of Minnesota">Science Museum of Minnesota</a> "temporarily" laid off most of its staff in an announcement via a <a href="/wiki/Google_Hangouts" title="Google Hangouts">Google Hangouts</a>;<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art">Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art</a>—which had recently received a gift of $10m from board president Carolyn Powers—fired all <a href="/wiki/Part-time_job" title="Part-time job">part-time</a> staff;<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">MOMA</a>—an institution with a billion-dollar <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">endowment</a>—cancelled all educator contracts. Noting as it did so that when it reopens the building to the public, "...it will be months, if not years, before we anticipate returning to budget and operations levels to require educator services".<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> In parallel to museum sector layoffs, staff began to <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">unionise</a>, even though "<a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a> orders prevent the in-person meetings required to sign the cards required to file for union elections.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> In Seattle, employees of the <a href="/wiki/Frye_Art_Museum" title="Frye Art Museum">Frye Art Museum</a> organised a "socially distant <a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">picket</a>" in protest of layoffs that they argued used the pandemic to unfairly targeted union leaders during contract negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> Meanwhile, on 18 March and in response to the rapid rise of online performances during the closures of performance spaces, the <a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a>—the union announced a new "streaming media agreement" available to productions in areas with physical distancing regulations in force, for "select producers to capture and make a performance available online for one-time viewing to ticket buyers.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> A planned performance of <a href="/wiki/%27Tis_Pity_She%27s_a_Whore" title="'Tis Pity She's a Whore">'Tis Pity She's a Whore</a> via <a href="/wiki/Videoconferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Videoconferencing">videoconferencing</a> software was cancelled at the last minute due to a dispute between the theatre producers and the union. The AEA argued that during a time when almost everyone in the arts is going without a regular pay cheque and is worried about their health care, "it's deeply sad to see that some employers will still ask Equity actors to work without the protections of a contract."<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> The theatre producers argued that "cyberspace" is not within the AEA's jurisdiction nor "...should free online-only experience, in which actors participate from the safety and comfort of their own home on teleconference, without rehearsal or admission price," be subject to the Off-Broadway agreement.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_aid">Financial aid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Financial aid">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 100%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "The trick now ... is saving the existing platforms, pathways and infrastructure, from venues to funding, that will be essential to whatever is born out of these times, so that venues ... aren't turned into flats by the end of this, because there'll be some 16-year-old who is going to do something amazing and that will be harder without these structures." Fergus Linehan, Director <a href="/wiki/List_of_Edinburgh_festivals" title="List of Edinburgh festivals">Edinburgh International Festival</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> </blockquote> </div> With the extensive financial disruption across all areas of the economy, many governments announced <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">fiscal stimulus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bailout" title="Bailout">economic bailout</a> packages which included specific resources for the arts and cultural sectors.<a href="#cite_note-keanet-353">[353]</a> Equally, various charities and industry bodies raised funds to support their sector while companies in the creative industry announced their own donations. For example, author <a href="/wiki/James_Patterson" title="James Patterson">James Patterson</a> donated $500,000 to independent bookstores<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sony_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony International">Sony</a> announced a fund which would help support <a href="/wiki/Creative_professional" title="Creative professional">creative professionals</a> "impacted by the cancellation or postponement of concerts and live events, or the shutting down of film and television productions".<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> Music streaming services <a href="/wiki/SoundCloud" title="SoundCloud">SoundCloud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bandcamp" title="Bandcamp">Bandcamp</a> all made financial pledges or waived fees to support artists.<a href="#cite_note-keanet-353">[353]</a> Via the Instagram campaign "#ArtistSupportPledge", visual artists also created a <a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomy</a> to support each other—offering works for sale and pledging to purchase others' works if their own raised enough.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (April 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Arts and culture sector financial stimulus packages from individual countries included: <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria">Algeria</a>. in April, Minister of Culture <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malika_Bendouda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malika Bendouda (page does not exist)">Malika Bendouda</a> announced on her Facebook page that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_national_des_droits_d%27auteur_et_des_droits_voisins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office national des droits d'auteur et des droits voisins (page does not exist)">ONDA</a>, the national <a href="/wiki/Copyright_collective" title="Copyright collective">copyright collective</a>, had been placed in charge with administering a financial aid package for artists whose work had been interrupted by the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>. In March, a petition of over 50 arts and culture organisations (including peak bodies from the music, dance, visual arts, museums, writers' and Indigenous arts groups) requested a financial aid package "...to a value of 2% of the A$111.7 billion [cultural and creative] industry". Furthermore, it requested that the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> "...issue a public statement recognising the value of our industry to all Australians" and noting that the industry had not yet recovered from the impact of the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Australian_bushfire_season" title="2019–20 Australian bushfire season">2019–20 Australian bushfire season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> Separately, Live Performance Australia had requested A$850 million for its sector, while the think tank <a href="/wiki/The_Australia_Institute" title="The Australia Institute">The Australia Institute</a> requested a package of A$750 million for the performing arts in general.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> Instead of the A$2.2 billion requested in the petition, in early April the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">federal government</a> announced a package of A$27 million in specific arts funding—A$7 million for the Indigenous Visual Arts Industry Support programme, A$10 million for <a href="/wiki/Regional_Arts_Australia" title="Regional Arts Australia">Regional Arts Australia</a>'s regional arts fund, and A$10 million for Support Act, a charity providing financial support and counselling to people in the music industry in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> It also expanded unemployment assistance in response to the pandemic—dubbed <a href="/wiki/JobKeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="JobKeeper">JobKeeper</a>. However, the programme specifically excluded "freelancers and casuals on short-term contracts, or who have worked for a series of employers in the last year" and, given arts sector's high reliance on short-term contracts, a large proportion of arts and cultural sector professionals were ineligible for the scheme—even though the arts sector had been demonstrated as the most adversely affected sector of the economy.<a href="#cite_note-Nick_Miller_brink_collapse-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian5-361">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> In late June the federal government announced a further, larger, subsidy package of A$250 million, including "$90m in government-backed concessional loans to fund new productions" and "a $75m grant program that will provide capital to help Australian production and events businesses put on new festivals, concerts, tours and other events".<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> The financial package was seen as marking "a new high-water mark in the often-rocky recent relationship between the arts and the federal government"<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> however, six months later it had not yet even begun being paid.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> The federal government removed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectrum_tax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectrum tax (page does not exist)">spectrum tax</a> paid by broadcasters for 12 months, and also removed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Content_quota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Content quota (page does not exist)">local content quotas</a> requiring commercial TV networks to make Australian drama, documentary and children's television for all of 2020 on the basis that the content production was not possible during the pandemic anyway.<a href="#cite_note-Nankervis-367">[367]</a> The latter, however, further concerned arts organisations who feared the local production industry would never recover.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian5-361">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nankervis-367">[367]</a> In April, the state <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Victoria">government of Victoria</a> announced a A$16.8 million package for the arts, including a "Strategic Investment Fund" shared among approximately 100 non-government arts and cultural organisations (notably including the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Fringe_Festival" title="Melbourne Fringe Festival">Melbourne Fringe Festival</a>);<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Sydney" title="City of Sydney">City of Sydney</a> announced A$1 million for artists;<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> and the library professional association <a href="/wiki/Australian_Library_and_Information_Association" title="Australian Library and Information Association">ALIA</a> announced a "relief fund" of payments up to A$500 to cover the cost of essential expenses for its members experiencing loss in income.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>. The national <a href="/wiki/Copyright_collective" title="Copyright collective">copyright collective</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_Burkinab%C3%A8_du_Droit_d%27Auteur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau Burkinabè du Droit d'Auteur (page does not exist)">Bureau Burkinabè du Droit d'Auteur</a> (BBDA) created a "solidarity fund" for artists.<a href="#cite_note-IFRRO-371">[371]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Canada_Council" title="Canada Council">Canada Council</a> announced it would be providing $60 million in "advance funding" to its 1,100 "core funded organizations" by 4 May, to support outstanding payments to artists and workers.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>. Aside from the various government support programmes associated with the pandemic, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Culture,_Heritage_and_the_Gaeltacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht">Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht</a> reported various programmes to aid the cultural sector specifically, including those operated by the <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_(Ireland)" title="Arts Council (Ireland)">Arts Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Screen_Ireland" title="Screen Ireland">Screen Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> in early 2022 the government announced it would create a "<a href="/wiki/Basic_income_pilots" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income pilots">basic income</a>" program covering 2,000 people in "the arts, culture, audio-visual and live performance, and events sectors" for 3 years.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>. On the first of April, the national copyright collective Bureau ivoirien du droit d'auteur (Burida) announced a fund to support its members who fall ill with the coronavirus. Applicants must apply, with a medical certificate proving their illness, by the 10th of that month.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>. The minister for culture <a href="/wiki/Franck_Riester" title="Franck Riester">Franck Riester</a> announced that employees of cultural institutions currently receiving unemployment benefits calculated over 12 months will see the confinement period withdrawn from the calculation.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> The national copyright collectives for authors and for visual arts (respectively, the Société française des intérêts des auteurs de l'écrit [Sofia] and Société des auteurs dans les arts graphiques et plastiques [ADAGP]) announced they would not ask for grants they given for subsequently cancelled cultural festivals and events to be reimbursed, and requested that those grant recipients pay their originally contracted artists in full.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a>. The minister for culture <a href="/wiki/Monika_Gr%C3%BCtters" title="Monika Grütters">Monika Grütters</a> declared that "artists are not only indispensable, but also vital, especially now." The statement was made while announcing a €50 billion stimulus package for small business and freelancers—explicitly including the creative sectors.<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>. In late March, the national copyright collective <a href="/wiki/SIAE" title="SIAE">SIAE</a> announced three measures: a €60 million "extraordinary support fund" for its members through 2020–21, a €50 million fund to offer loans to members at zero interest, and 2,500 food packages for members in special immediate need.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a>. In May, the government announced it had allocated <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_dirham" title="Moroccan dirham">MAD</a>6 million for an independent committee to purchase local art "from the artists most affected by COVID-19 and display them in museums across the country".<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. On 24 March, <a href="/wiki/Creative_New_Zealand" title="Creative New Zealand">Creative New Zealand</a> announced a NZD$16 million "Emergency Response Package" for the first half of the year, noting the probability of a second tranche of funding for the latter half of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> In late May, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> announced two funding packages. The first was a series of budget packages for specific cultural institutions (including <a href="/wiki/Creative_New_Zealand" title="Creative New Zealand">Creative New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Taonga_Sound_%26_Vision" title="Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision">Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand_Pouhere_Taonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga">Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga</a>)<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> and the second a "$175m arts and music recovery package" made of four sector funds (innovation, employment, cultural capability, and music) as well as $60 million specifically for libraries.<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a>. The Swedish Minister of Culture <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Lind" title="Amanda Lind">Amanda Lind</a> presented a one-billion-<a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">krona</a> support package for sports and culture, where 500 million SEK was earmarked for culture (not including government agencies like the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Royal Dramatic Theatre">Royal Dramatic Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Opera" title="Royal Swedish Opera">Royal Swedish Opera</a>).<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> The national copyright collective for visual arts <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildupphovsr%C3%A4tt_i_Sverige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildupphovsrätt i Sverige (page does not exist)">Bildupphovsrätt i Sverige</a> (BUS) proposed a 25 million SEK "crisis package" of funds distributed to artists in their database whose works are already publicly displayed.<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Telethon" title="Telethon">telethon</a> called <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Night_In" title="The Big Night In">The Big Night In</a> was broadcast on the BBC on 23 April, with the government pledging to match all public donations<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> and various action houses, notably <a href="/wiki/Bonhams" title="Bonhams">Bonhams</a>,<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> also ran <a href="/wiki/Charity_auction" title="Charity auction">charity auctions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Museums_Association" title="Museums Association">Museums Association</a> called upon the <a href="/wiki/UK_government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK government">UK government</a> to divert £120m that was intended for the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a> 2022 to bail out museums in financial distress.<a href="#cite_note-Tate,_V&A,_NHM-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> In early July, to many people's surprise, the government pledged a £1.57b package for the arts and cultural heritage sectors including: £270m in loans and £880m in grants for cultural organisations in England; £100m for England's national cultural institutions and <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>; £120m of capital investment in heritage construction projects; and £97m for Scotland, £59m for Wales and £33m for Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Film_and_TV_Charity" class="mw-redirect" title="The Film and TV Charity">The Film and TV Charity</a> created an emergency relief fund to "provide emergency short-term relief to active workers and freelancers who have been directly affected by the closure of productions across the UK", with an initial donation of £1m from <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> and by £500,000 from the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a> announced £160 million would be made available for arts organisations, including £50 million for organisations it does not usually fund and £20 million for individual and freelance artists.<a href="#cite_note-England_Emergency-318">[318]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamlyn_Foundation" title="Paul Hamlyn Foundation">Paul Hamlyn Foundation</a> announced that the usual competitive selection process for their "Award for Artists" programme would be removed, and that instead of ten awards of £60,000, each of the more than 100 previously nominated eligible applicants would automatically receive £10,000.<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Authors" title="Society of Authors">Society of Authors</a> created an <a href="/wiki/Emergency_fund" title="Emergency fund">emergency fund</a> for professional authors resident in the UK or British subjects, granting amounts up to £2,000, "designed to meet urgent need". Started initially with £330,000 from the SoA,<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_England" title="Arts Council England">Arts Council England</a> later added £400,000 and other donors included the <a href="/wiki/Authors%27_Licensing_and_Collecting_Society" title="Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society">Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Literary_Fund" title="Royal Literary Fund">Royal Literary Fund</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=TS_Eliot_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TS Eliot Foundation (page does not exist)">TS Eliot Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_PEN" title="English PEN">English PEN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon UK">Amazon UK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> Separately, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> donated £40,000 to <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Theatrical_Guild&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Theatrical Guild (page does not exist)">The Theatrical Guild</a> to form an emergency fund to support non-performing theatre workers such as Ushers, stage hands, and costumers.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> To the surprise of the many in the industry (due to their <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon#Effects_on_small_businesses" title="Criticism of Amazon">longstanding "strained" relationship</a>) Amazon also made a "low key" donation of £250,000 to a fund supporting <a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">bookshops</a> which had been forced to close during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United States">United States</a>. A petition was begun by the <a href="/wiki/American_Alliance_of_Museums" title="American Alliance of Museums">American Alliance of Museums</a> (AAM) to request that the museum sector was included in any future <a href="/wiki/Economic_stimulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic stimulus">economic stimulus</a> from the United States government,<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> while the Metropolitan museum was more specific—requesting $4 billion for at-risk museums.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> This request was met with resistance: A common argument raised the US against the cultural sector receiving parts of the stimulus funding was that "Arts groups may be 'nice,' but they're far from 'necessary.'"<a href="#cite_note-Julia_Jacobs-401">[401]</a> In late March the United States federal government announced a $2 trillion economic stimulus package in the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Aid,_Relief,_and_Economic_Security_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act">Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act</a>. It included: "$75 million for the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> and $75 million for the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a>, which can pass on the money to institutions that need it. Another $50 million was designated to the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">Institute of Museum and Library Services</a>, which distributes funds to museums and libraries.<a href="#cite_note-Julia_Jacobs-401">[401]</a> Initial analysis of the bill by the AAM indicated several ways that aid could be applicable to the arts and culture sectors. These included: Emergency Small Business Loans, Economic Injury Disaster Loans, a Charitable Giving Incentive, and an Employee Retention Payroll Tax Credit. It was "expected, but unclear" whether charitable nonprofits qualified for the Industry Stabilisation Fund.<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> By April, various philanthropic trusts announced large donations to relief funds—notably including multi-million-dollar seed-funding announcements from the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Getty_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="The Getty Trust">The Getty Trust</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Helen_Frankenthaler_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Frankenthaler Foundation">Helen Frankenthaler Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Warhol Foundation">Andy Warhol Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Photographers_Association" title="National Press Photographers Association">National Press Photographers Association</a> announced it was seeking donations to create a relief fund to support <a href="/wiki/Photojournalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Photojournalists">photojournalists</a> who had lost work due to the economic impact of the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Archivists" title="Society of American Archivists">Society of American Archivists</a> launched their own "Archival Workers Emergency Fund" which would provide grants of up to $1,000 and one year's complimentary membership to the association.<a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright">Copyright</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Copyright">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_Biblioth%C3%A8ques_Europ%C3%A9ennes_de_Recherche" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de Recherche">LIBER</a> (the Association of European Research Libraries) called on the European Commission and national governments to allow libraries to provide remote access for the duration of their enforced closure and to ensure they can provide this service without fear of litigation; and called on publishers and authors to pledge to allow online delivery of normally 'onsite only' content (e.g. eBooks) and the use of copyrighted works in online educational activities (e.g. livestreamed reading of children's stories).<a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> Both the Association of University Library Directors of France (ADBU), and the libraries of universities and of the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">National Research Council</a> in Italy, petitioned <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic publishers">academic publishers</a> to provide temporary <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> to publications to allow access for medical staff, scientific researchers, and the general public.<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> In early April letter signed by <a href="/wiki/Communia" title="Communia">Communia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Council_on_Archives" title="International Council on Archives">International Council on Archives</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions</a> (IFLA), several <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikimedia_chapters" title="List of Wikimedia chapters">Wikimedia affiliate organisations</a> among many others—sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/Francis_Gurry" title="Francis Gurry">Francis Gurry</a>—Director General of the <a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a>—encouraging "WIPO member states to take advantage of flexibilities in the international system...", calling on "rights holders to remove licensing restrictions that inhibit remote education, research...", supporting a call by <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> for a "global pool of rights in COVID-19 related technology and data" to be created by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, and supporting the right of nations to use exceptions to intellectual property laws "to achieve universal and equitable access to COVID-19 medicines and medical technologies as soon as reasonably possible."<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Federation_of_Reproduction_Rights_Organsisations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organsisations (page does not exist)">International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organsisations</a> (IFRRO) pointed to the various ways in which national rights management organisations had loosened licensing restrictions for online access due to the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-IFRRO-371">[371]</a> These included: in Canada, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Canadian_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Canadian Publishers (page does not exist)">Association of Canadian Publishers</a> permitting "online story time" reading of children's books by certain publishers for free;<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> in the Czech Republic, university staff and students can obtain free online access to the digital collections of the National Library;<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> in Germany, churches were allowed to perform songs and lyrics to be displayed during the live streaming of church services;<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> and in Norway, students can access for free digitised books in the National Library's online catalogue.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Licensing" title="Broadway Licensing">Broadway Licensing</a>, an agency which controls the performance rights to many theatre productions and musicals in the US, announced in March that it would provide a <a href="/wiki/Livestreamed" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestreamed">livestreaming</a> license to over 400 plays in its catalogue.<a href="#cite_note-Broadway-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a> In the education sector, with most teaching taking place online, resources on how libraries can legally provide students and faculty with equivalent services were compiled—with an emphasis on digitisation, <a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">open education resources</a> (OER), and a "risk management approach" to the use of copyright exceptions (notably <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fair_dealing" title="Fair dealing">fair dealing</a>)—depending on the legal jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> Many "Licensed Content Vendors" (notably academic journal <a href="/wiki/Digital_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital libraries">digital libraries</a> including <a href="/wiki/EBSCO_Information_Services" title="EBSCO Information Services">EBSCO</a>, <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> among others) temporarily relaxed license conditions to their databases, to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">online learning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vendor_Love-113">[113]</a> Academic librarians in the United States made public statements on the applicability and importance of the role of the fair use copyright exception for "Emergency Remote Teaching & Research".<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Library" title="Cornell University Library">Cornell University Library</a> made the advice explicit, noting in a new official library policy recommending, "...that faculty may scan course material in amounts that may exceed customary fair use limits under normal circumstances. Fair use provides flexibility to permit faculty scan broader amounts of course material than normal during these exigent circumstances." and noted that library staff were no longer allowed to work on-site and therefore not able to scan materials on behalf of teaching staff.<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> The National Emergency Library of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>—which suspended waitlists for access to digitised in-copyright books citing the justification of Fair Use during the pandemic—was criticised as "piracy masquerading as public service" and copyright infringement, especially by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Publishers" title="Association of American Publishers">Association of American Publishers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authors_Guild" title="Authors Guild">Authors Guild</a><a href="#cite_note-Alexandra_Alter_Archive-199">[199]</a> as well as drawing public critique from several noted authors.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> The Internet Archive defended its programme by emphasising that: the collection consisted primarily of older in-copyright works without digital surrogates; it is a temporary programme; authors can choose to opt-out; and the works are chosen for the educational not commercial value.<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a><a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> Online training workshops were organised for cultural heritage professionals to learn about relevant risks and <a href="/wiki/Copyright_exceptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright exceptions">exceptions to copyright</a> when providing online services.<a href="#cite_note-Medium_GLAM-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> Other organisations organised fact sheets to provide libraries and archives with basic guidance on how to deal with copyright challenges.<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_creative_works">New creative works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New creative works">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Corona_Graffiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a pigeon eats and defecates giant coronavirus spores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corona_Graffiti.jpg/250px-Corona_Graffiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corona_Graffiti.jpg/375px-Corona_Graffiti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Corona_Graffiti.jpg/500px-Corona_Graffiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2469" data-file-height="1771" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a couple kiss while pulling aside their protective facemasks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg/250px-Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg/375px-Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg/500px-Glasgow._Bank_Street._Graffiti._jpg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4386" data-file-height="2974" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Pandemic graffiti in Belgium and Scotland</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For lists of works, see <a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">Category:COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture</a>.</div> As with any significant event, the COVID-19 pandemic inspired the creation of many cultural works across all genres. Even during the crisis, there was an expectation that many and diverse new cultural works would be created that would directly reference, or be inspired by, the pandemic and its effects.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">memes</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a> (notably in the form of art-recreations<a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a>), songs,<a href="#cite_note-Pandemic_pop-428">[428]</a> and videos<a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> were created by, and shared among, the large numbers of amateur content creators from in their homes during the isolation period itself. Several art competitions were launched with Coronavirus as the theme (including by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_for_Cultural_Relations" title="Indian Council for Cultural Relations">Indian Council for Cultural Relations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>,<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a>, which called for collaborations between artists and archivists).<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> Aside from the vast amounts of scientific research was published about the coronavirus (notably about <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">COVID-19 drug development</a> including researching <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">a vaccine</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">drug repurposing</a>), professionally produced <a href="/wiki/Creative_work" title="Creative work">creative works</a> which were created, adapted, inspired by, or published as a direct result of the pandemic, and/or feature it explicitly. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic_in_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:COVID-19 pandemic in art">COVID-19 pandemic in art</a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402102212/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/02/new-zealand-zoos-strive-to-entertain-lonely-inhabitants-amid-lockdown">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2020. 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Los Angeles Times. 2 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200324220154/https://www.latimes.com/travel/story/2020-03-20/virtual-touring">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2020. 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Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200401212218/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/phish-new-album-sigma-oasis-976437/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2020. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411135958/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/arts/music/eurovision-canceled-coronavirus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418092909/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/apr/10/liam-gallagher-leads-wave-of-free-concerts-for-nhs-staff-coronavirus">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2020. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 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Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Spend+an+Evening+at+the+Bolshoi&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F27%2Fspend-an-evening-at-the-bolshoi-a69775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+on+the+arts+and+cultural+heritage" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-bolshoi-idUSKBN21E35D">"Russia's Bolshoi Theater goes online as coronavirus curbs public life"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Bolshoi+Theater+goes+online+as+coronavirus+curbs+public+life&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-health-coronavirus-russia-bolshoi-idUSKBN21E35D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+on+the+arts+and+cultural+heritage" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shakespeare_Globe-300"><a href="#cite_ref-Shakespeare_Globe_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/shakespeares-globe-free-stream-hamlet_51295.html">"Shakespeare's Globe to release 40 free productions as part of new digital content offering"</a>. www.whatsonstage.com. 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Retrieved 9 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whatsonstage.com&rft.atitle=Shakespeare%27s+Globe+to+release+40+free+productions+as+part+of+new+digital+content+offering&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatsonstage.com%2Flondon-theatre%2Fnews%2Fshakespeares-globe-free-stream-hamlet_51295.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+on+the+arts+and+cultural+heritage" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew_Lloyd_Webber-301"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_Lloyd_Webber_301-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/theatre/andrew-lloyd-webber-musicals-stream-free-online-joseph-jesus-a4404846.html">"Andrew Lloyd Webber's musicals will be streamed for free online"</a>. 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Retrieved 7 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Andrew+Lloyd+Webber%27s+musicals+will+be+streamed+for+free+online&rft.date=2020-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fgo%2Flondon%2Ftheatre%2Fandrew-lloyd-webber-musicals-stream-free-online-joseph-jesus-a4404846.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+on+the+arts+and+cultural+heritage" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/may/12/disney-fast-tracks-hamilton-film-for-july-lin-manuel-miranda">"The living room where it happens: Hamilton film to premiere on Disney+"</a>. 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Australian Government. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Communications_and_the_Arts" title="Department of Communications and the Arts">Department of Communications and the Arts</a>. 9 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411120448/https://www.arts.gov.au/covid-19-update">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020. 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The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327151212/http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-what-the-latest-stimulus-measures-mean-for-australian-artists-and-arts-organisations-134233">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2020. 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Retrieved 1 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Historic+England+launches+lockdown+photography+project&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Bakare&rft.aufirst=Lanre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2020%2Fmay%2F01%2Fhistoric-england-launches-coronavirus-lockdown-photography-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+on+the+arts+and+cultural+heritage" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/cahr/news/2020/callforarctivists/">"Art + Activism against repression during the COVID-19 crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a>. 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Retrieved 19 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+York&rft.atitle=Art+%2B+Activism+against+repression+during+the+COVID-19+crisis&rft.date=2020-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.york.ac.uk%2Fcahr%2Fnews%2F2020%2Fcallforarctivists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpact+of+the+COVID-19+pandemic+on+the+arts+and+cultural+heritage" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/160px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifla.org/covid-19-and-libraries">text</a> by <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a> available under the <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> license. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>-collated list of response to COVID-19 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/covid19/initiatives">Explore initiatives & stories from UNESCO networks</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381524.locale=en">Culture in times of COVID-19: resilience, recovery and revival</a> (2022) <a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY-SA_icon_80x15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/CC_BY-SA_icon_80x15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></li></ul></li> <li>Collated resources for professionals: <ul><li>archivists – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZVUfmCdVEsTbA93kdlQBxi7LGyjLKiG2swAVpICa5ew/edit#heading=h.p3u14obh888y">What to do during COVID-19?</a></li> <li>librarians – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifla.org/covid-19-and-libraries">COVID-19 and the Global Library Field</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions</a> (2020) <a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon-80x15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/CC_BY_icon-80x15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></li> <li>museum professionals – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aamd.org/our-members/from-the-field/museums-and-covid-19">Museums and COVID-19</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Art_Museum_Directors" title="Association of Art Museum Directors">Association of Art Museum Directors</a> (2021)</li> <li>academic publishers – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/document/u/2/d/e/2PACX-1vT3pF6oX93Ok0GqSvQuqOhQRTVF7lgxzq5GS3alUZsWyz2Q6SS3fl3wyMc1-XBhcjMQFoOXGhRZzGRT/pub">Vendor Love in the Time of COVID-19</a>, by University Information Policy Officers <a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon-80x15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/CC_BY_icon-80x15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a>2020)</li> <li>zookeepers – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zahp.aza.org/covid-19-information-for-zoos-and-aquariums/">Information and Resources for Zoos and Aquariums</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614101726/https://zahp.aza.org/covid-19-information-for-zoos-and-aquariums/">Archived</a> 14 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by The Zoo and Aquarium All Hazards Preparedness, Response, and Recovery (ZAHP) Fusion Center (2022)</li></ul></li> <li>Collated online content: <ul><li>Online museum materials – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcn.edu/a-guide-to-virtual-museum-resources/">The Ultimate Guide to Virtual Museum Resources, E-Learning, and Online Collections</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Computer_Network" title="Museum Computer Network">Museum Computer Network</a></li> <li>Theatrical performances – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410170739/https://streams.culturaldigital.com/">Cultural Digital: Streams</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic131143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> (disease)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Timeline6181" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">Severe acute respiratory syndrome</a> (SARS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERS" title="MERS">Middle East respiratory syndrome</a> (MERS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations49269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa">timeline</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">national responses</a>)</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland">Puntland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">list of deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana">Ghana</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(March%E2%80%93July_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)">March–July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(August%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)">August–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">education</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central/North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo">Tokyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics">2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">respirator diplomacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">Mainland China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China">detail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics">2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak" title="2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak">2022 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">migrant workers' crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">statistics</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(January%E2%80%93May_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)">January–May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(June%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)">June–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">union government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state government responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri" title="Vaccine Maitri">Vaccine Maitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">Kerala</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions" title="Indonesia large-scale social restrictions">social restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement" title="Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement">Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures" title="2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures">circuit breaker response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Aid and relief efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order" title="Malaysian movement control order">movement control order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia">Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor">Selangor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">community quarantines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon" title="Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon">Luzon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#COVID-19_testing_controversy" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">testing controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga">Caraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region">Davao Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic">Overseas Filipinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(country)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">history</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)">January–June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)">July–December 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)">January–June 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)">July–December 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom">contracts</a></li></ul></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">education</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">England</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England" title="COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England">local lockdown regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England" title="First COVID-19 tier regulations in England">first tier regulations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">Wales</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">Belarus</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political impact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Balkans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy">lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gloria" title="Operation Gloria">Operation Gloria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EFTA countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norway">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microstates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino" title="COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">federal aid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province">by province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laser" title="Operation Laser">military response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble" title="Atlantic Bubble">Atlantic Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">Alberta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Ontario</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York">York Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Provincial government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec">Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal">Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic">boroughs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saba">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French West Indies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">2021 hospital crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state and local governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New York government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Texas government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">S.F. Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)">2020</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand">Alert levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework" title="COVID-19 Protection Framework">Traffic light system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand">managed isolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">human rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco">Cusco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess">Diamond Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess">Grand Princess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact18755" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arts and cultural heritage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona-chan" title="Corona-chan">Corona-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">U.S. sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">Homeschooling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy" title="2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble" title="Bio-secure bubble">Bio-secure bubble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">NBA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">Disc golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pox_party#COVID-19_party" title="Pox party">COVID-19 parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_baking" title="Pandemic baking">Pandemic baking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">Indian migrant workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong#Protests" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea#History" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan#0" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">Abortion in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">African communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supply and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage" title="2020–2023 global chip shortage">Chip supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 inflation surge">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Political impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest" title="2021 Abkhazia unrest">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17A" title="17A">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 protests in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra" title="Convoy to Canberra">Convoy to Canberra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests" title="2022 Brussels protests">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests" title="2020 Brazilian protests">2020 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests" title="2021 Brazilian protests">2021 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests" title="2020–2021 Bulgarian protests">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 protests in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests" title="2019–2022 Chilean protests">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest" title="2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest">Beijing Sitong Bridge protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests" title="2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests">healthcare reform protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Colombia" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests" title="2021 Colombian protests">2021 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests" title="2022 Colombian protests">2022 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests" title="2021 Cuban protests">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests">Yellow vests protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" title="2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies">French West Indies social unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_convoy_protest" title="France convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 protests in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Greek_protests" title="2021 Greek protests">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 protests in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">protests against Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests" title="2021 Mongolian protests">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">curfew riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest" title="2022 Wellington protest">Wellington protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests" title="2021 Paraguayan protests">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests" title="2020–2022 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests" title="2021 Tunisian protests">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 protests in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan–Romanian collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6104900" class="extiw" title="d:Q6104900">Nicaragua–Taiwan relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy" title="Vaccine diplomacy">Vaccine diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">Green recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twindemic" title="Twindemic">Twindemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women">Pregnant women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health_issues19233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19" title="Endemic COVID-19">Endemic COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19–related health issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona-Warn-App" title="Corona-Warn-App">Corona-Warn-App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application" title="COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application">COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Code">Health Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_Together" title="Healthy Together">Healthy Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immuni" title="Immuni">Immuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronavilkku" title="Koronavilkku">Koronavilkku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe" title="LeaveHomeSafe">LeaveHomeSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier" title="NZ Pass Verifier">NZ Pass Verifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PathCheck" title="PathCheck">PathCheck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeduliLindungi" title="PeduliLindungi">PeduliLindungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeEntry" title="SafeEntry">SafeEntry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafePass" title="SafePass">SafePass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StaySafe.ph" title="StaySafe.ph">StaySafe.ph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chana" title="Thai Chana">Thai Chana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TousAntiCovid" title="TousAntiCovid">TousAntiCovid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtrace" title="Valtrace">Valtrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study" title="Zoe Health Study">Zoe Health Study</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box" title="Corsi–Rosenthal Box">Corsi–Rosenthal Box</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-mask sentiment">Anti-mask sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate" title="EU Digital COVID Certificate">EU Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19" title="Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19">Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm WIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkovac" title="Turkovac">Turkovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndoVac" title="IndoVac">IndoVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">Razi Cov Pars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm CNBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">AG0302-COVID‑19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">GX-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KD-414" title="KD-414">KD-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">ARCT-021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">ARCT-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">HGC019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRNA-1283" title="MRNA-1283">mRNA-1283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine">Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">202-CoV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKS-452" title="AKS-452">AKS-452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">IVX-411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReCOV" title="ReCOV">ReCOV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-268019" title="S-268019">S-268019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">SCB-2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCTV01C" title="SCTV01C">SCTV01C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">UB-612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">V-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COH04S1" title="COH04S1">COH04S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">GRAd-COV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INCOVACC" title="INCOVACC">iNCOVACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INNA-051" title="INNA-051">INNA-051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine">Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABNCoV2" title="ABNCoV2">ABNCoV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LYB001" title="LYB001">LYB001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MigVax-101" title="MigVax-101">MigVax-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">VBI-2902</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial" title="PANORAMIC trial">PANORAMIC trial</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li> <li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebtelovimab" title="Bebtelovimab">Bebtelovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab" title="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab">Tixagevimab/cilgavimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensitrelvir" title="Ensitrelvir">Ensitrelvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li></ul></li> <li>Co-packaged <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir" title="Nirmatrelvir">Nirmatrelvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir" title="Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir">ritonavir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants1351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#B.1.640.2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Lineage B.1.640.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions5420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals and medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre" title="Garran Surge Centre">Garran Surge Centre</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pandemic institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relief funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People7149" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical professionals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> (Thailand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">Graça Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez">Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">Alma Möller</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">Nguyễn Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">Þórólfur Guðnason</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">Víðir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Data_(templates)20636" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision</a></li> <li>WHO situation reports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">January 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">February 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">March 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">April 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">August 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">September 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">October 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">November 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">February 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">April 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">July 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2021">August 2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Algeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Algeria medical cases chart">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Angola_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Angola medical cases chart">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Benin_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Benin medical cases chart">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Botswana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Botswana medical cases chart">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burkina Faso medical cases chart">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burundi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burundi medical cases chart">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cameroon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cameroon medical cases chart">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Comoros_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Comoros medical cases chart">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Eswatini_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Eswatini medical cases chart">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ethiopia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ethiopia medical cases chart">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases">Ghana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ivory Coast medical cases chart">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kenya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kenya medical cases chart">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Libya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Libya medical cases chart">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malawi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malawi medical cases chart">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mali_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mali medical cases chart">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritania medical cases chart">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritius_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritius medical cases chart">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Morocco_(including_occupied_Western_Sahara)_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara) medical cases chart">Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mozambique_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mozambique medical cases chart">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases">Nigera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/São Tomé and Príncipe medical cases chart">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Senegal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Senegal medical cases chart">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Seychelles_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Seychelles medical cases chart">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sierra Leone medical cases chart">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Sudan medical cases chart">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sudan medical cases chart">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tanzania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tanzania medical cases chart">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Togo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Togo medical cases chart">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tunisia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tunisia medical cases chart">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uganda_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uganda medical cases chart">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zambia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zambia medical cases chart">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bolivia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bolivia medical cases">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brazil_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brazil medical cases">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases by province">by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province">vaccinations by province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases_by_commune" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases by commune">by commune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Colombia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Colombia medical cases chart">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases">Costa Rica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cuba_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cuba medical cases chart">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Dominican Republic medical cases chart">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ecuador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ecuador medical cases chart">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/El_Salvador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/El Salvador medical cases chart">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Guatemala_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases chart">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Haiti_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Haiti medical cases chart">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Honduras_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Honduras medical cases chart">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nicaragua_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nicaragua medical cases chart">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Panama_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Panama medical cases chart">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Paraguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Paraguay medical cases chart">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Peru_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Peru medical cases chart">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uruguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uruguay medical cases chart">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Venezuela_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Venezuela medical cases chart">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart">Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division">by division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases">Bhutan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases">Cambodia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_(dots)" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)">confirmed per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China">lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province">by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/East_Timor_medical_cases_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/East Timor medical cases chart">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart">Kuwait cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">charts</a></li></ul></li> <li>Myanmar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases">Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases">Oman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">areas of quarantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart">Qatar</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts" title="Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts">vaccinations charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts" title="Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts">vaccination charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart">Thailand cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases">Uzbekistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts">statistics charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Europe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Europe medical cases chart">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Albania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Albania medical cases chart">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belarus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belarus medical cases chart">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases chart">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Croatia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Croatia medical cases chart">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Czech_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Czech Republic medical cases chart">Czech Republic</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Denmark_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Denmark medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Faroe_Islands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Faroe Islands medical cases chart">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Estonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Estonia medical cases chart">Estonia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Finland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Finland medical cases chart">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Germany_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Germany medical cases chart">Germany cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Greece_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Greece medical cases chart">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hungary_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hungary medical cases chart">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_statistics_charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy statistics charts">statistics charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kosovo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kosovo medical cases chart">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Latvia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Latvia medical cases chart">Latvia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lithuania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lithuania medical cases chart">Lithuania cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luxembourg_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luxembourg medical cases chart">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malta_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malta medical cases chart">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Moldova_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Moldova medical cases chart">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Monaco_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Monaco medical cases chart">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Montenegro_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Montenegro medical cases chart">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Netherlands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Netherlands medical cases chart">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Macedonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Macedonia medical cases chart">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_by_voivodeship" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases by voivodeship">by voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases">Portugal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/San_Marino_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/San Marino medical cases chart">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Serbia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Serbia medical cases chart">Serbia</a></li> <li>Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_by_region" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases by region">by region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovenia medical cases chart">Slovenia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Spain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Spain medical cases chart">Spain cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Switzerland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Switzerland medical cases chart">Switzerland cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ukraine_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ukraine medical cases chart">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom medical cases">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Gibraltar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Gibraltar medical cases chart">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_daily_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations daily chart">daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_weekly_by_nation_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations weekly by nation chart">by nation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vatican_City_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vatican City medical cases chart">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_cases_by_state/territory" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory">Australia by state/territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Fiji_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases chart">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/French_Polynesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/French Polynesia medical cases chart">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Caledonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Caledonia medical cases chart">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Zealand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Zealand medical cases chart">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Papua New Guinea medical cases chart">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Solomon_Islands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Solomon Islands medical cases chart">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Antarctica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Antarctica medical cases chart">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a 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