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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation_(1984–1985)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_(1984–1985)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Creation (1984–1985) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_(1984–1985)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spread_beyond_the_Soviet_Union_(1985–1988)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spread_beyond_the_Soviet_Union_(1985–1988)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Spread beyond the Soviet Union (1985–1988) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spread_beyond_the_Soviet_Union_(1985–1988)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_battles_(1988–1989)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_battles_(1988–1989)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Legal battles (1988–1989) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_battles_(1988–1989)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_Boy_and_NES_(1989–1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_Boy_and_NES_(1989–1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Game Boy and NES (1989–1996) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_Boy_and_NES_(1989–1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Tetris_Company_and_Blue_Planet_Software_(1996–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Tetris_Company_and_Blue_Planet_Software_(1996–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 The Tetris Company and Blue Planet Software (1996–2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Tetris_Company_and_Blue_Planet_Software_(1996–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maya_Rogers'_succession_and_resurgence_of_popularity_(2014–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maya_Rogers'_succession_and_resurgence_of_popularity_(2014–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Maya Rogers' succession and resurgence of popularity (2014–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maya_Rogers'_succession_and_resurgence_of_popularity_(2014–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reception and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Sales </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Industry impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Cultural impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Research </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Research subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Psychological_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Psychological research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychological_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_science_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_science_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Computer science research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_science_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Video documentaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tetris</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" > 83 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%88%B5" title="ቴትሪስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቴትሪስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="تتريس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تتريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD_(%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2)" title="Թեթրիս (խաղ) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թեթրիս (խաղ)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9tris" title="Tétris – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tétris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Тэтрыс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэтрыс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Тэтрыс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэтрыс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetriso" title="Tetriso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tetriso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="تتریس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تتریس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B8_(%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A4)" title="ટેટ્રીસ (રમત) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ટેટ્રીસ (રમત)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="테트리스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테트리스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Տետրիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տետրիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="टेट्रिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टेट्रिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1" title="טטריס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טטריס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტეტრისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტეტრისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ടെട്രിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെട്രിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9" title="テトリス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テトリス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Тетрис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тетрис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="เตตริส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เตตริส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81" title="Тетріс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тетріс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D8%B4" title="تام تىزىش – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تام تىزىش" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tetris" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97" title="俄罗斯方块 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯方块" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1" title="טעטריס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעטריס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E5%A1%8A" title="俄羅斯方塊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯方塊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of puzzle video games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the video game series. For specific versions, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tetris_variants" title="List of Tetris variants">List of Tetris variants</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tetris (disambiguation)">Tetris (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video game series</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct" style="float: right; width: 22em; border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%;font-style:italic;">Tetris</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetris_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The word "Tetris", each letter a different color, engraved on a blue, T-shaped tetromino." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tetris_logo.png/250px-Tetris_logo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Tetris_logo.png/500px-Tetris_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="694" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genre(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1280115419">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlist,.mw-parser-output ul.andlistoxford{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li,.mw-parser-output .andlist li,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .andlist li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:" and "}.mw-parser-output .andlistoxford li:nth-last-child(2):after{content:", and "}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Creator(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Pajitnov" title="Alexey Pajitnov">Alexey Pajitnov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Platform(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tetris_variants" title="List of Tetris variants">Various</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">First release</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Spectrum_HoloByte)" title="Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)">Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)</a> January 27, 1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Latest release</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Forever" title="Tetris Forever">Tetris Forever</a> November 12, 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Spin-off_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin-off (media)">Spin-offs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tetris:_The_Grand_Master" title="Tetris: The Grand Master">Tetris: The Grand Master</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Tetris (Russian: Тетрис)<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a> is a series of <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">puzzle video games</a> created in 1985 by <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Pajitnov" title="Alexey Pajitnov">Alexey Pajitnov</a>, a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Software_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software engineer">software engineer</a>. In Tetris games, falling <a href="/wiki/Tetromino" title="Tetromino">tetromino</a> shapes must be neatly sorted into a pile; once a horizontal line of the game board is filled in, it disappears, granting points and preventing the pile from overflowing. Different versions of Tetris have introduced altered game mechanics, with some becoming standard over time. More than 200 versions of Tetris have been published by numerous companies on <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tetris_variants" title="List of Tetris variants">more than 65 platforms</a>. Tetris is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_game_franchises" title="List of best-selling video game franchises">second-best-selling video game franchise</a>, with over 520 million sales, mostly on mobile. In the 1980s, Pajitnov worked for the <a href="/wiki/Dorodnitsyn_Computing_Center_of_the_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorodnitsyn Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences">Dorodnitsyn Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences</a>, where he programmed Tetris on the <a href="/wiki/Electronika_60" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronika 60">Electronika 60</a> and adapted it to the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> with the help of Dmitry Pavlovsky and <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Gerasimov" title="Vadim Gerasimov">Vadim Gerasimov</a>. <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a> copies were distributed freely throughout Moscow, before spreading to Eastern Europe. Robert Stein of Andromeda Software licensed Tetris to <a href="/wiki/Mirrorsoft" title="Mirrorsoft">Mirrorsoft</a> in the UK and <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_HoloByte" title="Spectrum HoloByte">Spectrum HoloByte</a> in the US. <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Spectrum_HoloByte)" title="Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)">Both companies released the game</a> in 1988 to commercial success and sold licenses to other companies, including <a href="/wiki/Henk_Rogers" title="Henk Rogers">Henk Rogers</a>' <a href="/wiki/Bullet-Proof_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullet-Proof Software">Bullet-Proof Software</a>. Rogers negotiated with <a href="/wiki/Elektronorgtechnica" title="Elektronorgtechnica">Elektronorgtechnica</a>, the state-owned organization in charge of licensing Soviet software, to license Tetris to <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (NES); both versions were released in 1989. The <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Game_Boy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetris (Game Boy)">Game Boy version</a> became the best-selling version of Tetris and one of the <a href="/wiki/Best-selling_video_games_of_all_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Best-selling video games of all time">best-selling video games of all time</a>, with 35 million sales, which popularized the console. In 1996, after the rights reverted to Pajitnov, he and Rogers formed <a href="/wiki/The_Tetris_Company" title="The Tetris Company">the Tetris Company</a> to manage licensing. Tetris has been influential in the genre of puzzle video games and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>. It is an early example of a <a href="/wiki/Casual_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual games">casual game</a> and it is represented in a vast array of media such as architecture and art. It has been the subject of academic research, including studies of its potential for psychological intervention. A competitive culture has formed around Tetris, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetris (NES)">NES version</a>. Players, typically adolescents, have competed at the annual <a href="/wiki/Classic_Tetris_World_Championship" title="Classic Tetris World Championship">Classic Tetris World Championship</a> since 2010. It is often ranked among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">greatest video games</a> and was among the first games inducted into the <a href="/wiki/World_Video_Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Video Game Hall of Fame">World Video Game Hall of Fame</a> in 2015. A <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(film)" title="Tetris (film)">film dramatization</a> of the game's development was released in 2023. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gameplay">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_Tetris_Game.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Typical_Tetris_Game.svg/250px-Typical_Tetris_Game.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Typical_Tetris_Game.svg/330px-Typical_Tetris_Game.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Typical_Tetris_Game.svg/440px-Typical_Tetris_Game.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>A typical Tetris game screen</figcaption></figure> Tetris is a series of <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">puzzle video games</a> with a consistent general design across its numerous entries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022268-2">[1]</a> Gameplay consists of a rectangular field in which <a href="/wiki/Tetromino" title="Tetromino">tetromino</a> pieces,<a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a> geometric shapes consisting of four connected squares, descend from the top-center. During the descent, the player can move the piece horizontally and rotate them until they touch the bottom of the field or another piece.<a href="#cite_note-MarkWolf2012-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GameDesign-6">[4]</a> The player's goal is to stack the pieces in the field to create horizontal lines of blocks.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-tips-7">[5]</a> When a line is completed, it disappears, and the blocks placed above fall one row. As lines are cleared, the speed of the descending pieces increase. The game ends if the accumulated pieces in the field block other pieces from entering the field, a process known as "topping out".<a href="#cite_note-GameDesign-6">[4]</a> Common mechanics among Tetris variants include soft drop (the ability to increase the descent of the piece), hard drop (instantly placing the piece as far down as it can go), and holding (reserving a piece for later use).<a href="#cite_note-polygon-tips-7">[5]</a> The objective of Tetris is to collect as many points as possible during a gameplay session by clearing lines.<a href="#cite_note-MarkWolf2012-5">[3]</a> Tetris's scoring system has remained mostly consistent since <a href="/wiki/Tetris_DS" title="Tetris DS">Tetris DS</a> (2006) with some exceptions. Points gained during gameplay increase with the descent speed. The more lines cleared at once, the higher the score for a line clear; clearing four lines at once using an I-piece is referred to as a "Tetris". The player can also gain points by using hard drops or soft drops.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-tips-7">[5]</a> There are advanced techniques that can gain more points than a Tetris, including T-spins (spinning a T-piece into a blocked gap), perfect clears (emptying the field following a line clear), and combos (clearing lines with multiple pieces in a row).<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetris-VeryFirstVersion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/Tetris-VeryFirstVersion.png/250px-Tetris-VeryFirstVersion.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7c/Tetris-VeryFirstVersion.png/375px-Tetris-VeryFirstVersion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Tetris-VeryFirstVersion.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="245" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The first version of Tetris, completed in 1985, run on an emulator of the <a href="/wiki/Electronika_60" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronika 60">Electronika 60</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetris_DOS_1986.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Tetris_DOS_1986.png/250px-Tetris_DOS_1986.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e4/Tetris_DOS_1986.png/375px-Tetris_DOS_1986.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e4/Tetris_DOS_1986.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A screenshot of the 1986 IBM PC version developed by Dmitry Pavlovsky and <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Gerasimov" title="Vadim Gerasimov">Vadim Gerasimov</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetris_screenshot_(Amiga,_Infogrames).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/90/Tetris_screenshot_%28Amiga%2C_Infogrames%29.png/250px-Tetris_screenshot_%28Amiga%2C_Infogrames%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/90/Tetris_screenshot_%28Amiga%2C_Infogrames%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="256" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The version designed by Spectrum Holobyte contained Soviet-related images (Amiga version screenshot, 1988)</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_(1984–1985)">Creation (1984–1985)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Creation (1984–1985)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Alexey_Pajitnov_GDC_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption>Alexey Pajitnov (pictured in 2024), the creator of Tetris</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Pajitnov" title="Alexey Pajitnov">Alexey Pajitnov</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> researcher for the <a href="/wiki/Dorodnitsyn_Computing_Center_of_the_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorodnitsyn Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences">Dorodnitsyn Computing Center of the Academy of Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201630–31-9">[7]</a> Pajitnov developed several puzzle games on the institute's <a href="/wiki/Electronika_60" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronika 60">Electronika 60</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999298-10">[8]</a> an archaic Russian clone of the <a href="/wiki/PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a> computer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001377-11">[9]</a> In June 1984, he became inspired to convert <a href="/wiki/Pentomino" title="Pentomino">pentomino</a> tiling puzzles to the computer<a href="#cite_note-guardian2014-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> after he bought a pentomino puzzle set from a store and played with it in his office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201632-14">[12]</a> Pajitnov wrote Tetris using <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> for the <a href="/wiki/RT-11" title="RT-11">RT-11</a> operating system on the Electronika 60<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajitnovRogers20231:50-15">[13]</a> and experimented with different versions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999299-16">[14]</a> Because the Electronika 60 had no <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical interface</a>, Pajitnov modeled the field and pieces using spaces and brackets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999299-16">[14]</a> He felt that the game would be needlessly complicated with the twelve different shape variations of pentominoes, so he scaled the concept down to <a href="/wiki/Tetromino" title="Tetromino">tetrominoes</a>, of which there are seven variants.<a href="#cite_note-guardian2014-12">[10]</a> Afterward, he programmed the basic mechanics, including the ability to flip tetrominoes as they fell in a vertical screen and the clearing of lines.<a href="#cite_note-guardian2014-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201633–34-17">[15]</a> The name Tetris was a combination of "tetra" (meaning "four") and Pajitnov's favorite sport, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidice2009293-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajitnovRogers20231:20-19">[17]</a> Pajitnov completed the first version of Tetris <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1985.<a href="#cite_note-21">[c]</a> This version had no scoring system and no levels<a href="#cite_note-guardian020609-22">[19]</a> but Pajitnov's peers were captivated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple20046:32–7:02-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201635–36-24">[21]</a> Pajitnov sought to <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">port</a> Tetris to the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> (IBM PC), which had a higher-quality display than the Electronika 60. He recruited his colleague Dmitry Pavlovsky and the 16-year-old computer prodigy <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Gerasimov" title="Vadim Gerasimov">Vadim Gerasimov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999300-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201654–56-26">[23]</a> Using <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajitnovRogers20231:50-15">[13]</a> the three adapted Tetris to the IBM PC over two months, with Gerasimov incorporating color and Pavlovsky incorporating a scoreboard.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999300-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201663–65-27">[24]</a> Floppy disk copies of this version were distributed freely throughout the Dorodnitsyn Computing Center, before spreading quickly among Moscow computer circles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999300–301-28">[25]</a> Pajitnov kept note of second-hand accounts of Tetris's spread during this time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201670-29">[26]</a> Tetris reportedly won second place in a <a href="/wiki/Zelenodolsk,_Republic_of_Tatarstan" title="Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan">Zelenodolsk</a> computer game competition in November 1985,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999300-25">[22]</a> and by 1986, nearly everyone with an IBM computer in Moscow and similar cities had played Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201689-30">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spread_beyond_the_Soviet_Union_(1985–1988)">Spread beyond the Soviet Union (1985–1988)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spread beyond the Soviet Union (1985–1988)">edit</a>]</div> Under Soviet law, intellectual rights were not protected, and the state-run organization <a href="/wiki/Elektronorgtechnica" title="Elektronorgtechnica">Elektronorgtechnica</a> (Elorg) had a monopoly on the import and export of software.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> Pajitnov lacked knowledge of the business world so he asked his supervisor, Victor Brjabrin, who had knowledge of the world outside the Soviet Union, to help him publish Tetris. Pajitnov offered to transfer the rights to the Academy and was delighted to receive a non-compulsory remuneration from Brjabrin through this deal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200987–88-32">[29]</a> In 1986, Brjabrin sent a copy of Tetris to the Hungarian game publisher <a href="/wiki/Appaloosa_Interactive" title="Appaloosa Interactive">Novotrade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200988-33">[30]</a> and copies began circulating via <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disks</a> throughout Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200989-34">[31]</a> Robert Stein, an international software salesman for the London-based firm Andromeda Software, saw the commercial potential during a visit to Hungary in June 1986.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999302-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200411_min-36">[33]</a> After an indifferent response from the Academy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200412_min-37">[34]</a> Stein contacted Pajitnov and Brjabrin by fax to obtain the license rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200411_min-36">[33]</a> The Soviet researchers expressed interest in forming an agreement with Stein via fax, but were unaware that this fax communication could be considered a legal contract in the Western world;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200412_min.-38">[35]</a> Stein began to approach other companies to produce the game.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200989–90-39">[36]</a> Stein approached publishers at the 1987 <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> in Las Vegas, and signed two agreements: he sold the European rights to the publisher <a href="/wiki/Mirrorsoft" title="Mirrorsoft">Mirrorsoft</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200990-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001479-41">[38]</a> and the American rights to its sister company, <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_HoloByte" title="Spectrum HoloByte">Spectrum HoloByte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001294,479-42">[39]</a> Spectrum HoloByte obtained the rights after a visit to Mirrorsoft by the Spectrum HoloByte president, Phil Adam, when he played Tetris for two hours.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200990-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200415_min-43">[40]</a> At that time, Stein had not yet signed a contract with the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001479-41">[38]</a> Nevertheless, he sold the rights to the two companies for £3,000 and royalties of 7.5 – 15% of sales.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999304-44">[41]</a> Before releasing Tetris in the United States, the Spectrum HoloByte CEO, <a href="/wiki/Gilman_Louie" title="Gilman Louie">Gilman Louie</a>, asked for an overhaul of the graphics and music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200990-40">[37]</a> The Soviet spirit was preserved, with fields illustrating Russian parks and buildings as well as melodies anchored in Russian folklore of the time. The company's goal was to make people want to buy a Russian product. The game came complete with a red package and Cyrillic text, an unusual approach on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200416_min-45">[42]</a> Tetris was <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Mirrorsoft_and_Spectrum_HoloByte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetris (Mirrorsoft and Spectrum HoloByte)">first commercially released</a> in the West on the IBM PC, with other computer systems planned for release in the following weeks. The Mirrorsoft version was released in Europe on January 27, 1988,<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> and the Spectrum HoloByte version on January 29, 1988.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> Mirrorsoft versions for systems such as the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> rewrote the code of the original IBM version.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016126-48">[45]</a> Boosted by <a href="/wiki/Word_of_mouth" title="Word of mouth">word of mouth</a> and positive reviews,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016124-49">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999307–308-50">[47]</a> Mirrorsoft sold tens of thousands of copies in two months,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200991-51">[48]</a> and Spectrum HoloByte sold over 100,000 units in the space of a year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200418_min-52">[49]</a> According to Spectrum HoloByte, the average Tetris player was between 25 and 45 years old and was a manager or engineer. At the <a href="/wiki/Software_and_Information_Industry_Association" title="Software and Information Industry Association">Software Publishers Association</a>'s Excellence in Software Awards ceremony in March 1988, Tetris won Best Entertainment Software, Best Original Game, Best Strategy Program, and Best Consumer Software.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200991-51">[48]</a> The only document certifying a license fee was the fax from Pajitnov and Brjabrin, meaning that Stein had sold the license for a game he did not yet own. He contacted Pajitnov and asked for a contract for the rights. Stein began negotiations via fax, offering 75% of the revenue generated by Stein from the license.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999304-44">[41]</a> Elorg was unconvinced and requested 80%. Stein made several trips to Moscow and held long discussions with Elorg representatives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999305-53">[50]</a> He came to an agreement with Elorg on February 24, 1988.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999308-54">[51]</a> On May 10,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min-55">[52]</a> he signed a contract for a ten-year worldwide Tetris license for all current and future computer systems.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992-56">[53]</a> Pajitnov and Brjabrin were unaware that the game was already on sale and that Stein had claimed to own the rights prior to the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001479-41">[38]</a> Although Pajitnov did not receive a percentage of these sales,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992-56">[53]</a> he said that "the fact that so many people enjoy my game is enough for me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996-57">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_battles_(1988–1989)">Legal battles (1988–1989)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legal battles (1988–1989)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png/170px-Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png/255px-Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png/340px-Henk_Rogers_face_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>Henk Rogers (pictured in 2010), representing Nintendo, negotiated with Elorg for the rights to Tetris.</figcaption></figure> Following the commercial release of Tetris, Spectrum HoloByte and Mirrorsoft started licensing it to other companies. In 1988, Spectrum HoloByte sold the Japanese rights to its computer games to <a href="/wiki/Bullet-Proof_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullet-Proof Software">Bullet-Proof Software</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Henk_Rogers" title="Henk Rogers">Henk Rogers</a>, who was searching for games for the Japanese market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min-55">[52]</a> Mirrorsoft sold arcade rights to the <a href="/wiki/Atari_Games" title="Atari Games">Atari Games</a> subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Tengen_(company)" title="Tengen (company)">Tengen</a>, which sold the Japanese arcade rights to <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> and the console rights to BPS. BPS published versions for Japanese computers, including the <a href="/wiki/MSX2" class="mw-redirect" title="MSX2">MSX2</a>, <a href="/wiki/PC-88" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-88">PC-88</a> and <a href="/wiki/X68000" title="X68000">X68000</a>, along with a console port for the Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Family_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Computer">Family Computer</a> (Famicom).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009480-58">[55]</a> Tetris was commercially successful worldwide;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min-55">[52]</a> the Famicon version sold two million copies in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999312-59">[56]</a> Elorg was unaware of the deals Stein had negotiated and received no royalties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min-55">[52]</a> Nintendo was attracted to Tetris for its simplicity and its established success on the Famicom, and considered porting it to their first handheld console, the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992-56">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009480-58">[55]</a> Rogers, who was close to the Nintendo president, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Yamauchi" title="Hiroshi Yamauchi">Hiroshi Yamauchi</a>, sought the handheld rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992-56">[53]</a> After a failed negotiation with Atari,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993-60">[57]</a> Rogers contacted Stein in November 1988. Stein agreed to sign a contract, but explained that he had to consult Elorg before returning to negotiations with Rogers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200424_min-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999313-62">[59]</a> After contacting Stein several times, Rogers began to suspect a breach of contract on Stein's part.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999313-62">[59]</a> In February 1989, Rogers traveled to the Soviet Union and arrived at the Elorg offices uninvited to negotiate the rights. Discussions resulted the next day, when Stein and the Mirrorsoft manager <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Maxwell" title="Kevin Maxwell">Kevin Maxwell</a> made an appointment with Elorg without consulting each other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200429_min-63">[60]</a> Rogers befriended Pajitnov over a game of <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a>, and Pajitnov in turn supported Rogers throughout the discussions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993-60">[57]</a> Rogers explained that he wanted to obtain the rights to Tetris for the Game Boy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995-64">[61]</a> After quickly obtaining an agreement with the Elorg president, Nikolai Belikov,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999316-65">[62]</a> Rogers showed Belikov a Famicom Tetris <a href="/wiki/Game_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Game cartridge">cartridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994-66">[63]</a> Belikov believed that the rights to Tetris had only been signed for computer systems<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200431_min-67">[64]</a> so the Soviets accused Rogers of illegal publication. He explained that he had obtained the rights via Atari Games, which had itself signed an agreement with Stein.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994-66">[63]</a> Sympathetic to Rogers' plight, Belikov constructed a strategy to regain possession of the rights and obtain better commercial agreements. At that point, Elorg was faced with three different companies seeking to buy the rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200435_min-68">[65]</a> Belikov proposed canceling Stein's rights and granting them instead to Nintendo for both home and handheld consoles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994-66">[63]</a> Rogers flew to the US to convince Nintendo's American branch to sign up for the rights. The contract with Elorg was signed by <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Arakawa" title="Minoru Arakawa">Minoru Arakawa</a> of Nintendo for $500,000, plus 50 cents per cartridge sold.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200442_min-69">[66]</a> Elorg then sent an updated contract to Stein which he signed without carefully reading it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995-64">[61]</a> One of the clauses defined a computer as a machine with a screen and keyboard, and thus Stein's rights to console versions were withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200437_min-70">[67]</a> Stein later realized that all the contract's other clauses, notably on payments, were a "smokescreen" to deceive him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200437_min-70">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999319-71">[68]</a> In March 1989, Nintendo sent a <a href="/wiki/Cease_and_desist" title="Cease and desist">cease and desist</a> to Atari Games concerning their production of Tetris for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), the North American version of the Famicom.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200447_min-72">[69]</a> In response, the Mirrorsoft owner, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell" title="Robert Maxwell">Robert Maxwell</a>, pressured the Soviet Union leader, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, to cancel the contract between Elorg and Nintendo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999332–334-73">[70]</a> Despite the threats to Belikov, Elorg refused to concede, highlighting the financial advantages of their contract compared to those signed with Stein and Mirrorsoft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200445_min-74">[71]</a> On June 15, 1989, Nintendo and Atari Games began a legal battle in the courts of San Francisco. Atari Games sought to prove that the NES was a computer, which would make Atari Games's port authorized by their license. They argued that the NES's Japenese counterpart, the Famicom, could be converted into a computer with a <a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a> peripheral.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996-57">[54]</a> Judge <a href="/wiki/Fern_M._Smith" title="Fern M. Smith">Fern M. Smith</a> rejected this argument and declared that Mirrorsoft and Spectrum HoloByte had never received explicit authorization for marketing on consoles. On June 21, 1989, he ruled in Nintendo's favor, granting them a preliminary injunction against Atari Games.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996-57">[54]</a> The next day, Atari Games withdrew its NES version from sale, and thousands of cartridges remained unsold in its warehouses. Preference for this version over Nintendo's led to Atari Games cartridges selling for up to $300 on the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_collecting" title="Video game collecting">secondary market</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_Boy_and_NES_(1989–1996)">Game Boy and NES (1989–1996)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Game Boy and NES (1989–1996)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg/250px-Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg/330px-Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg/500px-Tetris_on_Game_Boy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="3173" /></a><figcaption>Tetris on a Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Game_Boy_video_game)" title="Tetris (Game Boy video game)">The Game Boy version of Tetris</a> was released in Japan on June 14, 1989<a href="#cite_note-GameBoyJP-76">[73]</a> and as a <a href="/wiki/Pack-in_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack-in game">pack-in game</a> in the United States on July 31, 1989.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016226-78">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES_video_game)" title="Tetris (NES video game)">The NES version</a> was released the same year. Both versions achieved commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001379–380-79">[76]</a> The Game Boy version was the primary game promoted for the Game Boy, becoming its <a href="/wiki/Killer_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer app">killer app</a>,<a href="#cite_note-polygon_gameboy-80">[77]</a> generating $80 million in revenue,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999343-81">[78]</a> and popularizing both the Game Boy and Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016226-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinneman201810:58–11:06-82">[79]</a> The Game Boy version is the most commercially successful and considered by many to be the best version of Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-history-83">[80]</a> The NES version appeared on Ninendo's most popular games list for over a year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999339-84">[81]</a> To date, the Game Boy version has sold 35 million copies,<a href="#cite_note-tetris-numbers-85">[82]</a> and the NES version has sold 8 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200451:23-86">[83]</a> Through the legal history of the license, Pajitnov gained a reputation in the West. He was regularly invited by journalists and publishers, through which he discovered that Tetris had sold millions of copies, from which he had not made any money. He took pride in the game, which he considered "an electronic ambassador of benevolence".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996-57">[54]</a> In January 1990, Pajitnov was invited by Spectrum HoloByte to the Consumer Electronics Show, and he was immersed in American life for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200997-87">[84]</a> After a period of adaptation, he explored American culture in several cities, including Las Vegas, San Francisco, New York City and Boston. He engaged in interviews with several hosts, including the directors of Nintendo of America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999347-88">[85]</a> He marveled at the freedom and the advantages of Western society, and, upon returning to the Soviet Union, he spoke often of his travels to his colleagues. He realized that there was no market in Russia for their programs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200997-87">[84]</a> In 1991, with Rogers' help, Pajitnov and his family emigrated to Seattle, United States, where he worked as a freelance game designer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016241-89">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-entertainmentweekly-90">[87]</a> During this time, Pajitnov worked on several sequels to Tetris. <a href="/wiki/Welltris" title="Welltris">Welltris</a> (1990) involved adjusting geometrical pieces descending down one of four walls of a three-dimensional well, and <a href="/wiki/Hatris" title="Hatris">Hatris</a> (1990) and <a href="/wiki/Faces...tris_III" title="Faces...tris III">Faces...tris III</a> (1991) replaced descending tetrominoes with hats and faces respectively.<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> Though they generally received positive reviews and commercial success,<a href="#cite_note-entertainmentweekly-90">[87]</a> with Faces...Tris III winning "Best Action/Arcade Program" in the 1991 Excellence in Software Awards,<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> none replicated Tetris's success.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Other early variants of Tetris developed without Pajitnov's involvement included Spectrum Holobyte's <a href="/wiki/Super_Tetris" title="Super Tetris">Super Tetris</a> (1991), Bullet-Proof Software's <a href="/wiki/Tetris_2_%2B_BomBliss" title="Tetris 2 + BomBliss">Tetris 2 + BomBliss</a> (1991) and <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Battle_Gaiden" title="Tetris Battle Gaiden">Tetris Battle Gaiden</a> (1993), and Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Tetris_2_(1993_video_game)" title="Tetris 2 (1993 video game)">Tetris 2</a> (1993).<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Tetris_Company_and_Blue_Planet_Software_(1996–2014)">The Tetris Company and Blue Planet Software (1996–2014)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Tetris Company and Blue Planet Software (1996–2014)">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tetris_on_an_iPod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tetris_on_an_iPod.jpg/250px-Tetris_on_an_iPod.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tetris_on_an_iPod.jpg/500px-Tetris_on_an_iPod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Tetris_on_an_iPod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/IPod_classic" class="mw-redirect" title="IPod classic">5th generation</a> <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> running Tetris (2006)</figcaption></figure> The Academy of Sciences' rights to Tetris expired at the end of 1995, reverting back to Pajitnov. Worried that Elorg, which had become a private company under Belikov following the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Collapse of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016241-89">[86]</a> would try to claim the rights, Pajitnov recruited Rogers to secure them. Rogers formed <a href="/wiki/The_Tetris_Company" title="The Tetris Company">The Tetris Company</a> as an equal partnership between Elorg and Rogers' new company, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Planet_Software" title="Blue Planet Software">Blue Planet Software</a>. Rogers acquired Elorg and renamed it <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetris Holding">Tetris Holding</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> Since formation, The Tetris Company has maintained guidelines for authorized versions of Tetris, and Blue Planet Software has served as an agent for the Tetris brand.<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> The Tetris Company has also enforced its copyright of Tetris against unauthorized clones,<a href="#cite_note-iphonePurge-97">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-androidPurge-98">[95]</a> such as the 2012 case, <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Holding,_LLC_v._Xio_Interactive,_Inc." title="Tetris Holding, LLC v. Xio Interactive, Inc.">Tetris Holding, LLC v. Xio Interactive, Inc.</a>, where a judge ruled that Mino violated Tetris's copyright based on <a href="/wiki/Look_and_feel" title="Look and feel">look and feel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Pajitnov and Rogers sought to keep Tetris fresh and innovated in new directions. <a href="/wiki/Tetrisphere" title="Tetrisphere">Tetrisphere</a>, developed by H2O Entertainment and released on August 11, 1997 was an example of this innovation.<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Gameplay involved rotating a three-dimensional sphere to place pieces on its surface. It was the first puzzle video game on the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> and garnered a <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> David Crookes of <a href="/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a> called Tetrisphere "proof that the concept could be modernised and tweaked, while still being faithful to the original".<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> Another game on the Nintendo 64, the Japan-exclusive <a href="/wiki/Tetris_64" title="Tetris 64">Tetris 64</a> (1998), allowed for four players and was the only game to utilize the Nintendo 64's Bio Sensor, which detected a player's pulse.<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> On other platforms around this time, <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Plus" title="Tetris Plus">Tetris Plus</a> (1996), <a href="/wiki/Tetris_DX" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetris DX">Tetris DX</a> (1998), and <a href="/wiki/The_Next_Tetris" title="The Next Tetris">The Next Tetris</a> added new game modes, and <a href="/wiki/Tetris:_The_Grand_Master" title="Tetris: The Grand Master">Tetris: The Grand Master</a> (1998) was an arcade game targeted toward experienced players.<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> According to Rogers, in order to appeal to beginner players, The Tetris Company started to standardize features that were not in the original game.<a href="#cite_note-tftt-104">[101]</a> These features included the hold feature in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Tetris" title="The New Tetris">The New Tetris</a> in 1999, the easy spin and the super rotation system in <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Worlds" title="Tetris Worlds">Tetris Worlds</a> in 2001, and the scoring system introduced in Tetris DS in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-tips-7">[5]</a> Critics panned Tetris Worlds for the easy spin mechanic, which allowed players to delay a piece's descent by continually rotating it. Despite the controversy and Pajitnov's reluctance, the mechanic was implemented into the Tetris guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-tftt-104">[101]</a> Alongside the easy spin, Tetris Worlds introduced the super rotation system which defines how pieces rotate,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinneman201837:42–38:07-106">[103]</a> which most versions have used since.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-tips-7">[5]</a> Tetris was first ported to mobile devices in 2001 by <a href="/wiki/G-Mode" title="G-Mode">G-Mode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> In 2002, Rogers formed Blue Lava Wireless to develop Tetris games for mobile platforms.<a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> JAMDAT acquired Blue Lava Wireless in April 2005, granting them a 15-year license of Tetris for mobile platforms.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> By December 2005 when <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> (EA) started its acquisition of JAMDAT, Tetris had been consistently selling well on American carrier phones.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> EA completed its acquisition in February 2006, granting it the mobile license for Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/EA_Mobile" title="EA Mobile">EA Mobile</a> released their first Tetris game as a launch title for the <a href="/wiki/ITunes_store" class="mw-redirect" title="ITunes store">iTunes store</a> on <a href="/wiki/IPod_5G" class="mw-redirect" title="IPod 5G">iPod 5G</a> on September 11, 2006,<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Electronic_Arts)" title="Tetris (Electronic Arts)">their version of Tetris</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Apple_App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple App Store">Apple App Store</a> on <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> on July 10, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> By January 2010, EA's mobile versions reached 100 million paid downloads, making Tetris the most popular mobile game of all time.<a href="#cite_note-wired-ea-114">[111]</a> EA's license expired on April 21, 2020, and the game became inoperable.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maya_Rogers'_succession_and_resurgence_of_popularity_(2014–present)">Maya Rogers' succession and resurgence of popularity (2014–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Maya Rogers' succession and resurgence of popularity (2014–present)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maya_Rogers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maya_Rogers.jpg/250px-Maya_Rogers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maya_Rogers.jpg/330px-Maya_Rogers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Maya_Rogers.jpg/500px-Maya_Rogers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3688" data-file-height="4914" /></a><figcaption>Maya Rogers (pictured in 2022) succeeded her father as CEO of Blue Planet Software in January 2014.</figcaption></figure> In January 2014, after eight years of involvement, Henk Rogers' daughter <a href="/wiki/Maya_Rogers" title="Maya Rogers">Maya</a> succeeded him as the CEO of Blue Planet Software.<a href="#cite_note-118">[d]</a> She began by planning activities for Tetris's 30th anniversary. In an interview with <a href="/wiki/VentureBeat" title="VentureBeat">VentureBeat</a> in June 2014, Maya spoke of her desire to expand Tetris's brand, such as through merchandising, and keeping the game fresh.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> Her theme for the 30th anniversary was "We All Fit Together".<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> released <a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo_Tetris" title="Puyo Puyo Tetris">Puyo Puyo Tetris</a>, a crossover between Tetris and <a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo" title="Puyo Puyo">Puyo Puyo</a>, in Japan on February 6, 2014, for multiple platforms.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> Puyo Puyo Tetris sold over 60,000 copies within a week, with the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a> version being the second-highest-selling game of the week according to <a href="/wiki/4Gamer.net" title="4Gamer.net">4Gamer.net</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Ultimate" title="Tetris Ultimate">Tetris Ultimate</a> was released on the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a> in November 2014 and the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> in December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> A PC port was released on December 2015, although initial user reviews reported frequent crashes.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> Tetris Ultimate received mixed reviews but the online multiplayer was generally seen favorably.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> In the late 2010s, Tetris had a resurgence in popularity with the release of <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Effect" title="Tetris Effect">Tetris Effect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetris_99" title="Tetris 99">Tetris 99</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gamesindustry-35th-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcmag-renaissance-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/PCMag" title="PCMag">PCMag</a> credited the resurgence to the 2017 release of Puyo Puyo Tetris in the Western world where it received positive reviews and sold 1.4 copies worldwide by November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-pcmag-renaissance-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-siliconera-interview-130">[126]</a> Tetris Effect was developed by Monstars and Resonair and published by Enhance Games.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> Development began around 2012 following a discussion between Henk and Enhance CEO <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Mizuguchi" title="Tetsuya Mizuguchi">Tetsuya Mizuguchi</a> about creating a Tetris game set to music using <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> to reflect the feeling of being "in the zone" while playing Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> Tetris Effect was released on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> on November 9, 2018,<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> and on Windows on July 23, 2019,<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> receiving widespread critical acclaim for its visuals and emotional impact.<a href="#cite_note-gamesindustry-35th-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> Tetris 99 is a <a href="/wiki/Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">battle royale</a> variant of Tetris made available to subscribers of <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Online" title="Nintendo Switch Online">Nintendo Switch Online</a> on February 13, 2019, upon its surprise announcement during <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Direct" title="Nintendo Direct">Nintendo Direct</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> It received positive reviews and became Nintendo Switch Online's killer app;<a href="#cite_note-gamesindustry-35th-126">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcmag-renaissance-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> according to President of Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Furukawa" title="Shuntaro Furukawa">Shuntaro Furukawa</a>, 2.8 million Nintendo Switch Online users played Tetris 99 within a few months of release.<a href="#cite_note-nintendolife-tetris99-140">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Versions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tetris_variants" title="List of Tetris variants">List of Tetris variants</a></div> Tetris has been released on a multitude of platforms since the creation of the original version on the <a href="/wiki/Electronika_60" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronika 60">Electronika 60</a>. It is available on most game consoles and is playable on personal computers, smartphones and <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPods</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> recognized Tetris as the most ported video game in history, with over 200 variants having appeared on over 65 different platforms as of October 2010.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> By 2017, this number had increased to 220 official variants.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> Across its multiple versions, Tetris's core gameplay has remained consistent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022268-2">[1]</a> Since 1996, the Tetris Company maintains standard specifications for authorized versions of Tetris known as the Tetris Guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-guardian020609-22">[19]</a> The guidelines are updated annually,<a href="#cite_note-tftt-104">[101]</a> and Pajitnov considers the guidelines a baseline for different versions and not "set in stone".<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> Several game mechanics of Tetris have been changed over time. For example, the distribution of tetrominoes was completely randomized in early versions, while modern versions opt for a "bag system", in which each tetromino is guaranteed to appear in a set of seven.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022271–272-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajitnovRogers20236:19–6:48-145">[141]</a> Other mechanics that have become standardized in modern versions include the ability to hold tetrominoes to swap with later pieces, introduced in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Tetris" title="The New Tetris">The New Tetris</a> (1999),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinneman201831:24–31:34-146">[142]</a> and the super rotation system and infinite spin, introduced in <a href="/wiki/Tetris_Worlds" title="Tetris Worlds">Tetris Worlds</a> (2001).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinneman201837:42–38:07-106">[103]</a> The earliest versions of Tetris had no music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPajitnovRogers20233:10-147">[143]</a> Spectrum Holobyte's version of Tetris in the United States exoticized the Soviet origins through elements such as Russian music, including <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Trepak_(The_Nutcracker)" title="Trepak (The Nutcracker)">Trepak</a>" from <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Gli%C3%A8re" title="Reinhold Glière">Reinhold Glière</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Russian_Sailor_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Sailor Dance">Russian Sailor Dance</a>" from <a href="/wiki/The_Red_Poppy" title="The Red Poppy">The Red Poppy</a>. This approached differed from other versions of Tetris from other countries at the time: Mirrorsoft's Commodore 64 version in Europe used an atmospheric soundtrack, and Sega's arcade version in Japan used a synthesized pop-influenced soundtrack.<a href="#cite_note-soundtrack-148">[144]</a> Nintendo's versions for NES and Game Boy continued the pattern of using Russian music. The NES version uses Tchaikovsky's "<a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Sugar_Plum_Fairy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy">Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy</a>" from The Nutcracker as Music A, with the Russian-influenced Music B and the mellow Music C having unclear origins.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> The Game Boy version has the 1860s Russian folk tune "<a href="/wiki/Korobeiniki" title="Korobeiniki">Korobeiniki</a>" for Music A, an original composition by <a href="/wiki/Hirokazu_Tanaka" title="Hirokazu Tanaka">Hirokazu Tanaka</a> for Music B, and the Menuet of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a>'s <a href="/wiki/French_Suites_(Bach)" title="French Suites (Bach)">French Suite no. 3</a> for Music C.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022269-150">[146]</a> "Korobeiniki" has become primarily associated with Tetris as its main theme and would be used in most significant versions,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201697-151">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-soundtrack-148">[144]</a> as mandated by the Tetris Company guidelines.<a href="#cite_note-guardian020609-22">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_legacy">Reception and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reception and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales">Sales</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sales">edit</a>]</div> In January 2010, EA Mobile and Blue Planet Software announced that mobile versions of Tetris since 2005 had reached 100 million paid downloads, making it most-downloaded mobile game at the time.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-ea-114">[111]</a> In April 2014, Rogers announced in an interview with <a href="/wiki/VentureBeat" title="VentureBeat">VentureBeat</a> that Tetris totaled 425 million paid mobile downloads and 70 million physical copies.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygon-sales-154">[150]</a> To date, the Tetris franchise is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_game_franchises" title="List of best-selling video game franchises">second-best-selling video game franchise of all time</a>, totaling 520 million sales according to the Tetris Company.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-sales-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes-sales-156">[152]</a> The majority originate from paid mobile downloads, based on Rogers' figure from the 2014 interview.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-sales-154">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> As a result, some publications consider Tetris the <a href="/wiki/Best-selling_video_game_of_all_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Best-selling video game of all time">best-selling video game of all time</a>, despite variations among the different versions.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-sales-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-forbes-sales-156">[152]</a> The most successful version is the Game Boy version,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinneman201811:10–11:13-158">[154]</a> which at 35 million copies is one of the best-selling video games of all time.<a href="#cite_note-tetris-numbers-85">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders mw-collapsible"> <caption>Sales of selected versions of Tetris </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Game </th> <th scope="col">Platform(s) </th> <th scope="col">Sales </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;">1988 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Spectrum_HoloByte)" title="Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)">Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)</a> </th> <td>PC </td> <td>1 million<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tetris (Famicom) </th> <td>Famicom </td> <td>2 million<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999312-59">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;">1989 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Game_Boy_video_game)" title="Tetris (Game Boy video game)">Tetris (Game Boy)</a> </th> <td>Game Boy </td> <td>35 million<a href="#cite_note-tetris-numbers-85">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES_video_game)" title="Tetris (NES video game)">Tetris (NES)</a> </th> <td>NES </td> <td>8 million<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200451:23-86">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1996 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Plus" title="Tetris Plus">Tetris Plus</a> </th> <td>PlayStation </td> <td>1.53 million<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1997 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetrisphere" title="Tetrisphere">Tetrisphere</a> </th> <td>Nintendo 64 </td> <td>430,000<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2001 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Worlds" title="Tetris Worlds">Tetris Worlds</a> </th> <td>Multi-platform </td> <td>1.81 million<a href="#cite_note-165">[e]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2006 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_DS" title="Tetris DS">Tetris DS</a> </th> <td>Nintendo DS </td> <td>2.05 million<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2014 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo_Tetris" title="Puyo Puyo Tetris">Puyo Puyo Tetris</a> </th> <td>Multi-platform </td> <td>1.4 million<a href="#cite_note-siliconera-interview-130">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2018 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Effect" title="Tetris Effect">Tetris Effect</a> </th> <td>Multi-platform </td> <td>4,372<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2019 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tetris_99" title="Tetris 99">Tetris 99</a> </th> <td>Nintendo Switch </td> <td>8,221<a href="#cite_note-169">[f]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">2020 </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo_Tetris_2" title="Puyo Puyo Tetris 2">Puyo Puyo Tetris 2</a> </th> <td>Multi-platform </td> <td>293,000<a href="#cite_note-172">[g]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> Tetris quickly began winning awards once it was released in the West. The Spectrum HoloByte version won three <a href="/wiki/Software_Publishers_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Software Publishers Association">Software Publishers Association</a> Excellence in Software Awards in 1989, including Best Entertainment Program and the Critic's Choice Award for consumers.<a href="#cite_note-scisco198908-173">[166]</a> Macworld inducted Tetris into the 1988 <a href="/wiki/Macworld#Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="Macworld">Macworld Game Hall of Fame</a> in the Best Strategy Game category. Macworld praised "the addictive quality" and said its "simplicity is bewitching."<a href="#cite_note-174">[167]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a> gave Tetris the 1989 Compute! Choice Award for Arcade Game, describing it as "by far, the most addictive game ever".<a href="#cite_note-compute198901-175">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> named it the eighth-greatest game available in 1991, saying: "Thanks to Nintendo's endless promotion, Tetris has become one of the most popular video games."<a href="#cite_note-176">[169]</a> Tetris has been widely ranked as among the <a href="/wiki/Greatest_video_games_of_all_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest video games of all time">greatest video games of all time</a> by <a href="/wiki/Flux_(magazine)" title="Flux (magazine)">Flux</a> (1995),<a href="#cite_note-177">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a> (1996 and 1999),<a href="#cite_note-178">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a> (1997),<a href="#cite_note-180">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> (2000),<a href="#cite_note-181">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a> (2001 and 2009),<a href="#cite_note-182">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-gi_best-183">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a> (2007 and 2021),<a href="#cite_note-184">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> (2012 and 2016),<a href="#cite_note-186">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/GamesRadar%2B" title="GamesRadar+">GamesRadar+</a> (2015 and 2021),<a href="#cite_note-188">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a> (2017),<a href="#cite_note-190">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> (2022 and 2024),<a href="#cite_note-191">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> (2023),<a href="#cite_note-193">[186]</a> and <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a> (2023).<a href="#cite_note-194">[187]</a> Tetris has also been ranked as among the best computer games by <a href="/wiki/PC_Format" title="PC Format">PC Format</a> (1991)<a href="#cite_note-pcformat50-195">[188]</a> and Computer Gaming World (1996),<a href="#cite_note-cgw199611mostinnovative-196">[189]</a> among the best video game franchises by IGN (2006)<a href="#cite_note-197">[190]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Den_of_Geek" title="Den of Geek">Den of Geek</a> (2024),<a href="#cite_note-198">[191]</a> and among the most influential games of all time by <a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a> (2007),<a href="#cite_note-199">[192]</a> IGN (2007),<a href="#cite_note-ign-importance-200">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/1Up.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1Up.com">1Up.com</a> (2010),<a href="#cite_note-1up-importance-201">[194]</a> GamesRadar+ (2013),<a href="#cite_note-202">[195]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> (2017).<a href="#cite_note-203">[196]</a> Tetris has been inducted into the "Hall of Fame" of the following publications: Computer Gaming World (1999),<a href="#cite_note-204">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a> (2000),<a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a> GameSpot (2003),<a href="#cite_note-206">[199]</a> and IGN (2007).<a href="#cite_note-207">[200]</a> Tetris was listed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Game_canon" title="Game canon">game canon</a>, announced at the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Game_Developers_Conference" title="Game Developers Conference">Game Developers Conference</a> by Henry Lowood of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> as a list of ten games to be considered for preservation by the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, modeled after the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Preservation_Board" title="National Film Preservation Board">National Film Preservation Board</a> .<a href="#cite_note-208">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joystiq-209">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[203]</a> In November 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> acquired Tetris, along with thirteen other video games, to display.<a href="#cite_note-211">[204]</a> As part of the 2015 inaugural class, <a href="/wiki/The_Strong_National_Museum_of_Play" title="The Strong National Museum of Play">The Strong National Museum of Play</a> inducted Tetris into the <a href="/wiki/World_Video_Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Video Game Hall of Fame">World Video Game Hall of Fame</a> for its iconic nature.<a href="#cite_note-212">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_impact">Industry impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Industry impact">edit</a>]</div> Due to Rogers and Nintendo's belief in its potential for mass appeal, Tetris was the pack-in title and the primary game promoted for the Game Boy in the United States. The resulting public anticipation led Tetris to become the Game Boy's main draw,<a href="#cite_note-polygon_gameboy-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[206]</a> with many, including non-gamers, buying the Game Boy specifically to play Tetris. This release simultaneously contributed to both the popularity of Tetris and the Game Boy,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016226–228-214">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinneman201810:58–11:06-82">[79]</a> with the bundle selling out in its initial run of a million copies shortly after release.<a href="#cite_note-polygon_gameboy-80">[77]</a> This success established Nintendo's dominant position in the <a href="/wiki/Handheld_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Handheld gaming">handheld gaming</a> market, setting a standard that competitors struggled to replicate.<a href="#cite_note-1up-importance-201">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-venturebeat-125-216">[209]</a> Tetris is influential in the genre of <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Puzzle video games">puzzle video games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ign-importance-200">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-2013-217">[210]</a> Commentators have considered Tetris an early example of a <a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">casual game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[h]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> deemed Tetris unique for its time given its appeal to players regardless of gender and age,<a href="#cite_note-wired-addictive-219">[212]</a> and 1Up.com credits Tetris for establishing a market for puzzle video games with universal appeal.<a href="#cite_note-1up-importance-201">[194]</a> Various common elements of puzzle games, such as managing pieces over a fixed screen, originated from Tetris,<a href="#cite_note-ign-importance-200">[193]</a> and multiple clones have been created to replicate Tetris's popularity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009296-223">[215]</a> Video games influenced by Tetris include Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Dr._Mario" title="Dr. Mario">Dr. Mario</a> (1990), Sega's <a href="/wiki/Columns_(video_game)" title="Columns (video game)">Columns</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/Compile_(company)" title="Compile (company)">Compile</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo_(video_game)" title="Puyo Puyo (video game)">Puyo Puyo</a> (1991), <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Puzzle_Bobble" title="Puzzle Bobble">Puzzle Bobble</a> (1994), and <a href="/wiki/Capcom" title="Capcom">Capcom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Super_Puzzle_Fighter_II_Turbo" title="Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo">Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo</a> (1996).<a href="#cite_note-225">[i]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultural impact">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg/170px-Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg/255px-Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg/340px-Jonas_Neubauer_crop_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Jonas Neubauer (pictured in 2010) won the inaugural Classic Tetris World Championship.</figcaption></figure> Tetris's cultural impact and recognition is widespread with representation in a vast array of media such as architecture, art, and merchandise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016242–243-226">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian020609-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-91">[88]</a> Tetris has earned other Guinness records, such as the record for "largest architectural video game display", granted to a version hosted on the side of the 29-story <a href="/wiki/Cira_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Cira Center">Cira Center</a> in April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-227">[218]</a> "Korobeiniki", a Russian folk song, has become widely associated with Tetris following its inclusion in the Game Boy version.<a href="#cite_note-soundtrack-148">[144]</a> A 1992 <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Doctor_Spin_song)" title="Tetris (Doctor Spin song)">Eurodance cover of "Korobeiniki"</a> by Doctor Spin peaked at number six in the UK single charts.<a href="#cite_note-guardian020609-22">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[219]</a> Tetris is widely seen as a " simple but addictive" game,<a href="#cite_note-MarkWolf2012-5">[3]</a> and has been the subject of academic research in psychology and mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-229">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[222]</a> Writers such as <a href="/wiki/Dan_Ackerman" title="Dan Ackerman">Dan Ackerman</a> have attributed the enduring success of Tetris to its appeal to casual gamers.<a href="#cite_note-232">[223]</a> Tetris has a competitive scene, especially around the <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES_video_game)" title="Tetris (NES video game)">NES version</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[224]</a> Competitor <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Neubauer" title="Jonas Neubauer">Jonas Neubauer</a> and his victory in the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Classic_Tetris_World_Championship" title="Classic Tetris World Championship">Classic Tetris World Championship</a> (CTWC) in 2010 were the subject of the 2011 documentary <a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Order:_The_Tetris_Masters" title="Ecstasy of Order: The Tetris Masters">Ecstasy of Order: The Tetris Masters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[225]</a> which helped popularized competitive gameplay of Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-financialtimes-218">[211]</a> Competitors at the CTWC, typically adolescents, have used the CTWC to demonstrate advancements in the gameplay of the NES version. For example, gameplay techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES_video_game)#Speed_techniques" title="Tetris (NES video game)">"hypertapping" and "rolling"</a> have been used to help competitors to maximize their scores beyond level 29, which was previously deemed impossible to complete due to its speed.<a href="#cite_note-235">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2023-236">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Willis_Gibson" title="Willis Gibson">Willis Gibson</a> "beat" Tetris by playing NES Tetris <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES_video_game)#Technical_problems_at_very_high_levels" title="Tetris (NES video game)">until it crashed</a> in a 40-minute livestream in January 2024, receiving significant media coverage for his achievement.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-2024-237">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[229]</a> The <a href="/wiki/DIC_Entertainment" title="DIC Entertainment">DIC Entertainment</a> animated series <a href="/wiki/Captain_N:_The_Game_Master" title="Captain N: The Game Master">Captain N: The Game Master</a> incorporated elements of Tetris, depicting "planet Tetris" in two different episodes as a distant, square-shaped world composed of angular humanoids.<a href="#cite_note-239">[230]</a> In 2014, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Threshold_Entertainment" title="Threshold Entertainment">Threshold Entertainment</a> had worked with the Tetris Company to develop a film adaptation. Threshold Entertainment CEO <a href="/wiki/Larry_Kasanoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Kasanoff">Larry Kasanoff</a> called it an epic sci-fi adventure and the first part of a trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-240">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[232]</a> A different film, <a href="/wiki/Tetris_(film)" title="Tetris (film)">Tetris</a>, about the Tetris legal battles in the late 1980s, starring <a href="/wiki/Taron_Egerton" title="Taron Egerton">Taron Egerton</a> as Henk Rogers, premiered on <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a> on March 31, 2023,<a href="#cite_note-time-movie-242">[233]</a> to positive reviews according to <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> and a viewership of 88,000 people according to <a href="/wiki/Samba_TV" title="Samba TV">Samba TV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychological_research">Psychological research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Psychological research">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tetris_effect" title="Tetris effect">Tetris effect</a></div> The psychological and addictive effects of Tetris were first scientifically recognized by Soviet clinical psychologist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Pokhilko" title="Vladimir Pokhilko">Vladimir Pokhilko</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1985.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201673-245">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-MarkWolf2012-5">[3]</a> Pokhilko was a recipient of the IBM version of Tetris in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Interested in its potential psychological effects based on his experiences playing the game, Pokhilko distributed copies of Tetris to his colleagues at the Moscow Medical Center. Pokhilko regretted his decision after constant gameplay impaired medical research so he proceeded to destroy the distributed copies. After new copies were reintroduced to his facility, Pokhilko used Tetris while testing patients.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201669–70-246">[237]</a> Starting with the research of American psychologist <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Haier" title="Richard J. Haier">Richard J. Haier</a> in 1992,<a href="#cite_note-247">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201681–82-248">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[240]</a> Tetris has been frequently used as a form of cognitive assessment and neuroimaging.<a href="#cite_note-currentpsychology-2021-250">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[242]</a> Furthermore, Tetris has been studied as a potential form of psychological intervention such as for <a href="/wiki/PTSD" class="mw-redirect" title="PTSD">PTSD</a> and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/craving" class="extiw" title="wikt:craving">cravings</a> with promising results.<a href="#cite_note-currentpsychology-2021-250">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022271-3">[2]</a> The "<a href="/wiki/Tetris_effect" title="Tetris effect">Tetris effect</a>" refers to the phenomena of perceiving certain patterns in dreams and mental images following engagement in a repetitive activity such as playing Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201673-245">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-movie-242">[233]</a> The term was coined by Jeffrey Goldsmith in a 1994 article for <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>,<a href="#cite_note-wired/1994/05/tetris-252">[243]</a> in which he compared Tetris to an "electronic drug".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201677–78-253">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_science_research">Computer science research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Computer science research">edit</a>]</div> In 1992, John Brzustowski at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> wrote a thesis on the question of whether or not one could theoretically play Tetris forever.<a href="#cite_note-254">[245]</a> He reached the conclusion that Tetris is statistically doomed to end. If a player receives a sufficiently large sequence of alternating S and Z tetrominoes, the naïve gravity used by the standard game eventually forces the player to leave holes on the board. The holes will necessarily stack to the top and end the game. If the pieces are distributed randomly, this sequence will eventually occur. Thus, if a game with, for example, an ideal, uniform, uncorrelated <a href="/wiki/Random_number_generation" title="Random number generation">random number generator</a> is played long enough, any player will <a href="/wiki/Almost_surely" title="Almost surely">almost surely</a> top out.<a href="#cite_note-255">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[247]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, it is common to analyze the <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">computational complexity</a> of problems, including real-life problems and games. In 2001, a group of <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> researchers proved that for the "offline" version of Tetris (the player knows the complete sequence of pieces that will be dropped, i.e. there is no hidden information) the following objectives are <a href="/wiki/NP-complete" class="mw-redirect" title="NP-complete">NP-complete</a>: <ol><li>Maximizing the number of rows cleared while playing the given piece sequence.</li> <li>Maximizing the number of pieces placed before a loss occurs.</li> <li>Maximizing the number of simultaneous clearing of four rows.</li> <li>Minimizing the height of the highest filled grid square over the course of the sequence.</li></ol> Also, it is <a href="/wiki/Hardness_of_approximation" title="Hardness of approximation">difficult to even approximately solve</a> the first, second, and fourth problem. It is <a href="/wiki/NP-hard" class="mw-redirect" title="NP-hard">NP-hard</a>, given an initial field and a sequence of p pieces, to approximate the first two problems to within a factor of p1 − ε for any constant ε > 0. It is NP-hard to approximate the last problem within a factor of 2 − ε for any constant ε > 0. To prove NP-completeness, it was shown that there is a polynomial <a href="/wiki/Reduction_(complexity)" title="Reduction (complexity)">reduction</a> between the <a href="/wiki/3-partition_problem" title="3-partition problem">3-partition problem</a>, which is also NP-complete, and the Tetris problem.<a href="#cite_note-257">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/40px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/60px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Video Games">Video Games portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/40px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/60px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Soviet_Union" title="Portal:Soviet Union">Soviet Union portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_Wall" title="Brain Wall">Brain Wall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blokken" title="Blokken">Blokken</a>, game shows based on Tetris</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Order:_The_Tetris_Masters" title="Ecstasy of Order: The Tetris Masters">Ecstasy of Order: The Tetris Masters</a>, a 2011 documentary about the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Classic_Tetris_World_Championship" title="Classic Tetris World Championship">Classic Tetris World Championship</a>, featuring interviews with Pajitnov and Richard Haier as well as Tetris players <a href="/wiki/Thor_Aackerlund" title="Thor Aackerlund">Thor Aackerlund</a> and future seven-time Classic Tetris World Championship champion <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Neubauer" title="Jonas Neubauer">Jonas Neubauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Over_(Sheff_book)" title="Game Over (Sheff book)">Game Over (Sheff book)</a>, a 1993 book covering Nintendo history, including interviews with Pajitnov and others regarding Tetris licensing</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈtʲetrʲɪs]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈtetrʲɪs]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> The standard spelling in mathematics is tetrominoes, while <a href="/wiki/The_Tetris_Company" title="The Tetris Company">The Tetris Company</a>'s trademarked spelling is tetriminoes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022271-3">[2]</a> This article uses the standard spelling for consistency. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Tetris_Company" title="The Tetris Company">The Tetris Company</a> celebrates Tetris's anniversary based on its apparent creation date on June 6, 1984, though various sources, including copyright records, indicate that the original version was completed in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-timeextension-20">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> An October 2020 press release announced that Blue Planet Software was renamed to Tetris.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> To date, Henk is officially the president of the Tetris Company, while Maya is the president and CEO of Tetris, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Tetris Worlds sold 960,000 copies for Game Boy Advance<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> and 850,000 for PlayStation 2.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Sales figure for physical copies.<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> According to President of Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Shuntaro_Furukawa" title="Shuntaro Furukawa">Shuntaro Furukawa</a>, within two months, 2.8 million <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Online" title="Nintendo Switch Online">Nintendo Switch Online</a> accounts played the online version of Tetris 99.<a href="#cite_note-nintendolife-tetris99-140">[136]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Puyo Puyo Tetris 2 sold 93,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-170">[164]</a> Puyo Puyo Tetris 2: Special Price sold 200,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Attributed to multiple sources:<a href="#cite_note-ign-importance-200">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-financialtimes-218">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-addictive-219">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009291-221">[214]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> Attributed to multiple sources:<a href="#cite_note-ign-importance-200">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-1up-importance-201">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-retrogamer-2013-217">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009296–297-224">[216]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022268-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlank2022268_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlank2022268_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlank2022">Plank 2022</a>, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlank2022271-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlank2022271_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlank2022271_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlank2022">Plank 2022</a>, p. 271. </li> <li id="cite_note-MarkWolf2012-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MarkWolf2012_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarkWolf2012_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarkWolf2012_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarkWolf2012_5-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWolf2012" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Mark J. P. (August 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313379369_2/page/640/mode/2up">"Tetris"</a>. Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming. Santa Barbara, CA: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. pp. 640–642. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37936-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37936-9"><bdi>978-0-313-37936-9</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tetris&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Video+Games%3A+The+Culture%2C+Technology%2C+and+Art+of+Gaming&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E640-%3C%2Fspan%3E642&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37936-9&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Mark+J.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780313379369_2%2Fpage%2F640%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameDesign-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GameDesign_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameDesign_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalenZimmerman2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Salen" title="Katie Salen">Salen, Katie</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Zimmerman" title="Eric Zimmerman">Zimmerman, Eric</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rulesofplaygamed0000sale/page/143/mode/2up">Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals</a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. pp. 143–144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-24045-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-24045-1"><bdi>978-0-262-24045-1</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rules+of+Play%3A+Game+Design+Fundamentals&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-262-24045-1&rft.aulast=Salen&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frulesofplaygamed0000sale%2Fpage%2F143%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-polygon-tips-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-tips_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-tips_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-tips_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-tips_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-tips_7-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamos2019" class="citation web cs1">Ramos, Jeff (February 22, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/guides/2019/2/22/18225349/tetris-strategy-tips-how-to-jonas-neubauer">"Tetris Tips from a Seven-Time World Champion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250114154632/https://www.polygon.com/guides/2019/2/22/18225349/tetris-strategy-tips-how-to-jonas-neubauer">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2025. Retrieved February 6, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Tetris+Tips+from+a+Seven-Time+World+Champion&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.aulast=Ramos&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2Fguides%2F2019%2F2%2F22%2F18225349%2Ftetris-strategy-tips-how-to-jonas-neubauer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamos2019" class="citation web cs1">Ramos, Jeff (March 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306212036/https://www.polygon.com/guides/2019/3/6/18244590/tetris-t-spin-perfect-clear-combo-guide">"Tetris Advanced Guide: T-spins, Perfect Clears, and Combos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/guides/2019/3/6/18244590/tetris-t-spin-perfect-clear-combo-guide">the original</a> on March 6, 2019. 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200991-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200991_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200991_51-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIchibian2009">Ichibian 2009</a>, p. 91. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchibian2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200418_min-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200418_min_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTemple2004">Temple 2004</a>, 18 min. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999305-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999305_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheffEddy1999">Sheff & Eddy 1999</a>, p. 305. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999308-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999308_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheffEddy1999">Sheff & Eddy 1999</a>, p. 308. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200422_min_55-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFTemple2004">Temple 2004</a>, 22 min. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992_56-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992_56-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200992_56-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFIchibian2009">Ichibian 2009</a>, p. 92. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchibian2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200996_57-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFIchibian2009">Ichibian 2009</a>, p. 96. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchibian2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009480-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009480_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoguidiceBarton2009480_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLoguidiceBarton2009">Loguidice & Barton 2009</a>, p. 480. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999312-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999312_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999312_59-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheffEddy1999">Sheff & Eddy 1999</a>, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200993_60-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIchibian2009">Ichibian 2009</a>, p. 93. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchibian2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200424_min-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200424_min_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTemple2004">Temple 2004</a>, 24 min. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999313-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999313_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999313_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheffEddy1999">Sheff & Eddy 1999</a>, p. 313. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200429_min-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200429_min_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTemple2004">Temple 2004</a>, 29 min. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200995_64-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFIchibian2009">Ichibian 2009</a>, p. 95. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchibian2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999316-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheffEddy1999316_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheffEddy1999">Sheff & Eddy 1999</a>, p. 316. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIchibian200994_66-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIchibian2009">Ichibian 2009</a>, p. 94. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIchibian2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200431_min-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETemple200431_min_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTemple2004">Temple 2004</a>, 31 min. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETemple200435_min-68"><a 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Retrieved November 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=IGN+Presents+the+History+of+Game+Boy&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft.aulast=Fahs&rft.aufirst=Travis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F07%2F27%2Fign-presents-the-history-of-game-boy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016226-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016226_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman2016226_78-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAckerman2016">Ackerman 2016</a>, p. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKent2001379–380-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKent2001379–380_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKent2001">Kent 2001</a>, p. 379–380. </li> <li id="cite_note-polygon_gameboy-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polygon_gameboy_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon_gameboy_80-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon_gameboy_80-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoss2019" class="citation web cs1">Moss, Richard (April 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2019/4/19/18295061/game-boy-history-timeline-tetris-pokemon-nintendo">"How Nintendo introduced the Game Boy, Tetris, and Pokémon to the West"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419200933/https://www.polygon.com/2019/4/19/18295061/game-boy-history-timeline-tetris-pokemon-nintendo">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2019. 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Retrieved February 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Jamdat+Acquires+Blue+Lava+Wireless&rft.date=2005-04-22&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fjamdat-acquires-blue-lava-wirelesshttps%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20240525145218%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fjamdat-acquires-blue-lava-wireless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: Check <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2005" class="citation news cs1">Buchanan, Levi (December 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/12/08/ea-buys-jamdat">"EA Buys JAMDAT"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201043628/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/12/08/ea-buys-jamdat">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=EA+Buys+JAMDAT&rft.date=2005-12-08&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2005%2F12%2F08%2Fea-buys-jamdat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarless2006" class="citation news cs1">Carless, Simon (February 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/ea-officially-completes-jamdat-acquisition">"EA Officially Completes Jamdat Acquisition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Game_Developer_(website)" title="Game Developer (website)">Game Developer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240926062612/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/game-platforms/ea-officially-completes-jamdat-acquisition">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Game+Developer&rft.atitle=EA+Officially+Completes+Jamdat+Acquisition&rft.date=2006-02-14&rft.aulast=Carless&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamedeveloper.com%2Fgame-platforms%2Fea-officially-completes-jamdat-acquisition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2006" class="citation news cs1">Buchanan, Levi (September 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/16/ipod-game-review-central">"iPod Game Review Central"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923064816/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/09/16/ipod-game-review-central">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2024. Retrieved September 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=iPod+Game+Review+Central&rft.date=2006-09-15&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Levi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F09%2F16%2Fipod-game-review-central&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohen2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Cohen, Peter (May 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/185577/ea-2.html">"EA Has Four New iPod Games in the Pipeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MacWorld" class="mw-redirect" title="MacWorld">MacWorld</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610075859/https://www.macworld.com/article/185577/ea-2.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2023. 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Retrieved February 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacWorld&rft.atitle=EA+announces+iPhone+game+lineup&rft.date=2008-07-10&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F191429%2Feagames-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wired-ea-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wired-ea_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired-ea_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Meyer, John (January 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/01/tetris-100-million-sold/">"With 100M Downloads, Tetris is World's Hottest Mobile Game"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250121003903/https://www.wired.com/2010/01/tetris-100-million-sold/">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2025. 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October 21, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230826205845/https://tetris.com/article/241/call-us-tetris-blue-planet-software-the-sole-agent-for-the-tetris-brand-gets-new-name">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2023. 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Retrieved January 31, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Tetris+Turns+30%2C+Creator+Says+He+Still+Plays+Every+Week&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft.aulast=Makuch&rft.aufirst=Eddie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Ftetris-turns-30-creator-says-he-still-plays-every-week%2F1100-6420154%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214180013/https://puyo.sega.jp/topics/2014/0206_02/index.html">"『ぷよぷよテトリス』ダウンロードコンテンツ配信開始！"</a> [Puyo Puyo Tetris Downloadable Content Now Available!]. <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> (in Japanese). February 6, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://puyo.sega.jp/topics/2014/0206_02/index.html">the original</a> on February 14, 2014. 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February 12, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241206040547/https://www.4gamer.net/games/117/G011794/20140212058/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=4Gamer.net&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA2+%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%8D%E6%80%9D%E8%AD%B0%E3%81%AA%E3%81%B5%E3%81%97%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E9%8D%B5%E3%80%8D%E3%81%8C%E5%88%9D%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%B444%E4%B8%873000%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E9%80%B1%E9%96%93%E8%B2%A9%E5%A3%B2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%EF%BC%8B%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.4gamer.net%2Fgames%2F117%2FG011794%2F20140212058%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerez2014" class="citation news cs1">Perez, Daniel (December 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shacknews.com/article/87463/tetris-ultimate-stacks-onto-playstation-4-and-xbox-one-next-week">"Tetris Ultimate Stacks onto PlayStation 4 and Xbox One Next Week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shacknews" title="Shacknews">Shacknews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225044044/http://www.shacknews.com/article/87463/tetris-ultimate-stacks-onto-playstation-4-and-xbox-one-next-week">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2014. 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Tetris Ultimate Spins Onto PC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_Paper_Shotgun" title="Rock Paper Shotgun">Rock Paper Shotgun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529080716/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/tetris-ultimate-pc">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rock+Paper+Shotgun&rft.atitle=Tetrominos+To+The+Max%21+Tetris+Ultimate+Spins+Onto+PC&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft.aulast=O%27Conner&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockpapershotgun.com%2Ftetris-ultimate-pc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241216030828/https://www.metacritic.com/game/tetris-ultimate/">"Tetris Ultimate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/game/3ds/tetris-ultimate">the original</a> on December 16, 2024. 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October 1, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-3000/most-ported-computer-game/">the original</a> on December 2, 2013. 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Some Uses of Classical Music on the Nintendo Entertainment System"</a>. Music and the Moving Image. 2 (1): 40–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Fmusimoviimag.2.1.0040">10.5406/musimoviimag.2.1.0040</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/musimoviimag.2.1.0040">10.5406/musimoviimag.2.1.0040</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107053446/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/musimoviimag.2.1.0040">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2024. 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Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavior+Research+Methods&rft.atitle=Meta-T%3A+Tetris%E2%93%87+as+an+experimental+paradigm+for+cognitive+skills+research&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E945-%3C%2Fspan%3E965&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3758%2Fs13428-014-0547-y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25761389&rft.aulast=Lindstedt&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft.au=Gray%2C+Wayne+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.3758%2Fs13428-014-0547-y%23Fn3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wired/1994/05/tetris-252"><a href="#cite_ref-wired/1994/05/tetris_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldsmith1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Goldsmith, Jeffrey (May 1, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/1994/05/tetris-2/">"This Is Your Brain on Tetris"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122022558/https://www.wired.com/1994/05/tetris-2/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=This+Is+Your+Brain+on+Tetris&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.aulast=Goldsmith&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F1994%2F05%2Ftetris-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAckerman201677–78-253"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAckerman201677–78_253-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAckerman2016">Ackerman 2016</a>, p. 77–78. </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrzustowski1992" class="citation thesis cs1">Brzustowski, John (March 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/831/1.0079748">Can you win at Tetris?</a> (PDF) (Master of Science thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318064558/https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/stream/pdf/831/1.0079748">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Can+you+win+at+Tetris%3F&rft.degree=Master+of+Science&rft.inst=University+of+British+Columbia&rft.date=1992-03&rft.aulast=Brzustowski&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.library.ubc.ca%2Fmedia%2Fstream%2Fpdf%2F831%2F1.0079748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/20220318_20220318_0433">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBurgiel1996" class="citation web cs1">Burgiel, Heidi (January 7, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209110731/http://www.math.uic.edu/~burgiel/Tetris/explanation.html">"Discussion of the Tetris Applet"</a>. Tetris Research Page. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.uic.edu/~burgiel/Tetris/explanation.html">the original</a> on December 9, 2006. Retrieved February 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tetris+Research+Page&rft.atitle=Discussion+of+the+Tetris+Applet&rft.date=1996-01-07&rft.aulast=Burgiel&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.uic.edu%2F~burgiel%2FTetris%2Fexplanation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> Heidi Burgiel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geom.umn.edu/%7Eburgiel/Tetris/tetris.PS">How to Lose at Tetris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030513033006/http://www.geom.umn.edu/~burgiel/Tetris/tetris.PS">Archived</a> May 13, 2003, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mathematical Gazette, vol. 81, pp. 194–200 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDemaineHohenbergerLiben-Nowell2003" class="citation conference cs1">Demaine, Erik D.; Hohenberger, Susan; Liben-Nowell, David (July 25–28, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erikdemaine.org/papers/Tetris_COCOON2003/paper.pdf">Tetris is Hard, Even to Approximate</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105042734/http://www.cs.montana.edu/bhz/cocoon03.html">Proceedings of the 9th International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON 2003)</a>. Big Sky, Montana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100613201613/http://erikdemaine.org/papers/Tetris_COCOON2003/paper.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 13, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Tetris+is+Hard%2C+Even+to+Approximate&rft.place=Big+Sky%2C+Montana&rft.date=2003-07-25%2F2003-07-28&rft.aulast=Demaine&rft.aufirst=Erik+D.&rft.au=Hohenberger%2C+Susan&rft.au=Liben-Nowell%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ferikdemaine.org%2Fpapers%2FTetris_COCOON2003%2Fpaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLane2017" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Matthew (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powerupunlocking0000lane/">Power-up: Unlocking the Hidden Mathematics in Video Games</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. pp. 165–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691161518" title="Special:BookSources/9780691161518"><bdi>9780691161518</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power-up%3A+Unlocking+the+Hidden+Mathematics+in+Video+Games&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E165-%3C%2Fspan%3E166&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780691161518&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpowerupunlocking0000lane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?414688-1/the-tetris-effect">Presentation by Dan Ackerman on The Tetris Effect, September 12, 2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Ackerman" title="Dan Ackerman">Ackerman, Dan</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tetriseffectgame0000acke">The Tetris Effect: The Game that Hypnotized the World</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61039-611-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61039-611-0"><bdi>978-1-61039-611-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/943694339">943694339</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tetris+Effect%3A+The+Game+that+Hypnotized+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F943694339&rft.isbn=978-1-61039-611-0&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftetriseffectgame0000acke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIchbiah2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ichbiah, Daniel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lasagadesjeuxvid0000ichb/page/71">"IV: Tetris"</a>. La saga des jeux vidéo (in French) (Nouvelle ed.). Triel-sur-Seine: Pix'n love éd. pp. 71–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-918272-02-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-918272-02-1"><bdi>978-2-918272-02-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1194432922">1194432922</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IV%3A+Tetris&rft.btitle=La+saga+des+jeux+vid%C3%A9o&rft.place=Triel-sur-Seine&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.edition=Nouvelle&rft.pub=Pix%27n+love+%C3%A9d&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1194432922&rft.isbn=978-2-918272-02-1&rft.aulast=Ichbiah&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flasagadesjeuxvid0000ichb%2Fpage%2F71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Kent, Steven L.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ultimatehistoryo0000kent/page/377">"Tetris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_History_of_Video_Games:_From_Pong_to_Pok%C3%A9mon_and_Beyond%E2%80%94The_Story_Behind_the_Craze_That_Touched_Our_Lives_and_Changed_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond—The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World">The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon and Beyond—The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers_Press" title="Three Rivers Press">Three Rivers Press</a>. pp. 377–381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7615-3643-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7615-3643-7"><bdi>978-0-7615-3643-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47254175">47254175</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tetris&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games%3A+From+Pong+to+Pok%C3%A9mon+and+Beyond%E2%80%94The+Story+Behind+the+Craze+That+Touched+Our+Lives+and+Changed+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E381&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47254175&rft.isbn=978-0-7615-3643-7&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fultimatehistoryo0000kent%2Fpage%2F377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoguidiceBarton2009" class="citation book cs1">Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vintagegamesinsi0000logu/page/290">"Tetris (1985): Casual Gaming Falls Into Place"</a>. Vintage Games: An Insider Look at the History of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the Most Influential Games of All Time. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Focal_Press" title="Focal Press">Focal Press</a>. pp. 291–301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81146-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-240-81146-8"><bdi>978-0-240-81146-8</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tetris+%281985%29%3A+Casual+Gaming+Falls+Into+Place&rft.btitle=Vintage+Games%3A+An+Insider+Look+at+the+History+of+Grand+Theft+Auto%2C+Super+Mario%2C+and+the+Most+Influential+Games+of+All+Time&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E301&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-240-81146-8&rft.aulast=Loguidice&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Barton%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvintagegamesinsi0000logu%2Fpage%2F290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlank2022" class="citation book cs1">Plank, Dana (July 25, 2022). "Tetris". In Perron, Bernard; Boudreau, Kelly; Wolf, Mark J.P.; Arsenault, Dominic (eds.). Fifty Key Video Games (First ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 268–274. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003199205">10.4324/9781003199205</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-19920-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-19920-5"><bdi>978-1-003-19920-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tetris&rft.btitle=Fifty+Key+Video+Games&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E268-%3C%2Fspan%3E274&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003199205&rft.isbn=978-1-003-19920-5&rft.aulast=Plank&rft.aufirst=Dana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheffEddy1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Sheff" title="David Sheff">Sheff, David</a>; Eddy, Andy (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/0966961706/page/295">"From Russia With Love"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Game_Over:_Press_Start_to_Continue" class="mw-redirect" title="Game Over: Press Start to Continue">Game Over: Press Start to Continue</a>. Wilton, CT: GamePress. pp. 295–348. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-966-96170-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-966-96170-6"><bdi>978-0-966-96170-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1190934258">1190934258</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Russia+With+Love&rft.btitle=Game+Over%3A+Press+Start+to+Continue&rft.place=Wilton%2C+CT&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E295-%3C%2Fspan%3E348&rft.pub=GamePress&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1190934258&rft.isbn=978-0-966-96170-6&rft.aulast=Sheff&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Eddy%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F0966961706%2Fpage%2F295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_documentaries">Video documentaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Video documentaries">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinneman2018" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Linneman, John (November 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeaanfiXmo&t=0">DF Retro: Tetris!</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_Foundry" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Foundry">Digital Foundry</a>. Retrieved December 7, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DF+Retro%3A+Tetris%21&rft.pub=Digital+Foundry&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft.aulast=Linneman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcUeaanfiXmo%26t%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPajitnovRogers2023" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Pajitnov" title="Alexey Pajitnov">Pajitnov, Alexey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henk_Rogers" title="Henk Rogers">Rogers, Henk</a> (April 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YhkkyXydNI&t=0">Unsolved Tetris Mysteries With Creator Alexy Pajitnov & Designer Henk Rogers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. Retrieved December 7, 2024 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unsolved+Tetris+Mysteries+With+Creator+Alexy+Pajitnov+%26+Designer+Henk+Rogers&rft.pub=Ars+Technica&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft.aulast=Pajitnov&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Henk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6YhkkyXydNI%26t%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTemple2004" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Temple, Magnus (2004). Tetris: From Russia with Love. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tetris%3A+From+Russia+with+Love&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGerasimov" class="citation web cs1">Gerasimov, Vadim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vadim.oversigma.com/Tetris.htm">"Tetris Story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Gerasimov" title="Vadim Gerasimov">OverSigma</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OverSigma&rft.atitle=Tetris+Story&rft.aulast=Gerasimov&rft.aufirst=Vadim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvadim.oversigma.com%2FTetris.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham2002" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Sarah (October 29, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematicians-prove-tetr/">"Mathematicians Prove Tetris Is Tough"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Mathematicians+Prove+Tetris+Is+Tough&rft.date=2002-10-29&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fmathematicians-prove-tetr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00mdqf8">The creation of Tetris</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. December 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+creation+of+Tetris&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp00mdqf8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATetris" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetris&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tetris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tetris">Tetris</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tetris.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71910#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tetris_1987">The MS-DOS version of Tetris</a> can be played for free in the browser at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tetris" title="Template:Tetris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tetris" title="Template talk:Tetris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tetris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tetris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tetris199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tetris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tetris_variants" title="List of Tetris variants">Versions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Spectrum_HoloByte)" title="Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)">Tetris (Spectrum HoloByte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Atari_Games)" title="Tetris (Atari Games)">Tetris (Atari Games)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(NES_video_game)" title="Tetris (NES video game)">Tetris (NES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_2_%2B_BomBliss" title="Tetris 2 + BomBliss">Tetris 2 + BomBliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Classic" title="Tetris Classic">Tetris Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Battle_Gaiden" title="Tetris Battle Gaiden">Tetris Battle Gaiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_%26_Dr._Mario" title="Tetris & Dr. Mario">Tetris & Dr. Mario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Plus" title="Tetris Plus">Tetris Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris:_The_Grand_Master" title="Tetris: The Grand Master">The Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_Tetris_Challenge" title="Magical Tetris Challenge">Magical Tetris Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_64" title="Tetris 64">Tetris 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Tetris" title="The New Tetris">The New Tetris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Next_Tetris" title="The Next Tetris">The Next Tetris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Worlds" title="Tetris Worlds">Tetris Worlds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Evolution" title="Tetris Evolution">Tetris Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Splash" title="Tetris Splash">Tetris Splash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Friends" title="Tetris Friends">Tetris Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Party" title="Tetris Party">Tetris Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Ultimate" title="Tetris Ultimate">Tetris Ultimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo_Tetris" title="Puyo Puyo Tetris">Puyo Puyo Tetris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Effect" title="Tetris Effect">Tetris Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_99" title="Tetris 99">Tetris 99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyo_Puyo_Tetris_2" title="Puyo Puyo Tetris 2">Puyo Puyo Tetris 2</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Handheld8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Game_Boy_video_game)" title="Tetris (Game Boy video game)">Tetris (Game Boy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Tetris" title="V-Tetris">V-Tetris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_Tetris" title="3D Tetris">3D Tetris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_DS" title="Tetris DS">Tetris DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(Electronic_Arts)" title="Tetris (Electronic Arts)">Tetris (EA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris:_Axis" title="Tetris: Axis">Tetris: Axis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs and sequels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welltris" title="Welltris">Welltris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatris" title="Hatris">Hatris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faces...tris_III" title="Faces...tris III">Faces...tris III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordtris" title="Wordtris">Wordtris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_2_(1993_video_game)" title="Tetris 2 (1993 video game)">Tetris 2 (Nintendo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Attack" title="Tetris Attack">Tetris Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TetriNET" title="TetriNET">TetriNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrisphere" title="Tetrisphere">Tetrisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BreakThru!" title="BreakThru!">BreakThru!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Tetris" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokémon Tetris">Pokémon Tetris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Giant" title="Tetris Giant">Tetris Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Forever" title="Tetris Forever">Tetris Forever</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Pajitnov" title="Alexey Pajitnov">Alexey Pajitnov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoru_Arakawa" title="Minoru Arakawa">Minoru Arakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadim_Gerasimov" title="Vadim Gerasimov">Vadim Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Pokhilko" title="Vladimir Pokhilko">Vladimir Pokhilko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henk_Rogers" title="Henk Rogers">Henk Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Rogers" title="Maya Rogers">Maya Rogers</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Aackerlund" title="Thor Aackerlund">Thor Aackerlund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Artiaga" title="Andrew Artiaga">Andrew Artiaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Artiaga" title="Michael Artiaga">Michael Artiaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Gibson" title="Willis Gibson">Willis Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Neubauer" title="Jonas Neubauer">Jonas Neubauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Thach" title="Alex Thach">Alex Thach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Yu" title="Justin Yu">Justin Yu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Tetris_World_Championship" title="Classic Tetris World Championship">Classic Tetris World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Order:_The_Tetris_Masters" title="Ecstasy of Order: The Tetris Masters">Ecstasy of Order: The Tetris Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronorgtechnica" title="Elektronorgtechnica">ELORG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Korobeiniki" title="Korobeiniki">Korobeiniki</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Championships" title="Nintendo World Championships">Nintendo World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrum_HoloByte" title="Spectrum HoloByte">Spectrum HoloByte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(film)" title="Tetris (film)">Tetris (film)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_(soundtrack)" title="Tetris (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tetris_Company" title="The Tetris Company">The Tetris Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Planet_Software" title="Blue Planet Software">Blue Planet Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_effect" title="Tetris effect">Tetris effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Holding,_LLC_v._Xio_Interactive,_Inc." title="Tetris Holding, LLC v. Xio Interactive, Inc.">Tetris Holding, LLC v. Xio Interactive, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris_Online,_Inc." title="Tetris Online, Inc.">Tetris Online, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetris:_The_Games_People_Play" title="Tetris: The Games People Play">Tetris: The Games People Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetromino" title="Tetromino">Tetromino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tetris" title="Category:Tetris">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polyforms372" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polyforms" title="Template:Polyforms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polyforms" title="Template talk:Polyforms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polyforms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polyforms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polyforms372" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polyform" title="Polyform">Polyforms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyomino" title="Polyomino">Polyominoes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domino_(mathematics)" title="Domino (mathematics)">Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromino" title="Tromino">Tromino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetromino" title="Tetromino">Tetromino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentomino" title="Pentomino">Pentomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexomino" title="Hexomino">Hexomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptomino" title="Heptomino">Heptomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octomino" title="Octomino">Octomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonomino" title="Nonomino">Nonomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decomino" title="Decomino">Decomino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyominoid" title="Polyominoid">Polyominoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycube" title="Polycube">Polycube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polyabolo" title="Polyabolo">Polyabolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydrafter" title="Polydrafter">Polydrafter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhex_(mathematics)" title="Polyhex (mathematics)">Polyhex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyiamond" title="Polyiamond">Polyiamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-polyomino" title="Pseudo-polyomino">Pseudo-polyomino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polystick" title="Polystick">Polystick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_game" title="Mathematical game">Games</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_puzzle" title="Mathematical puzzle">puzzles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blokus" title="Blokus">Blokus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soma_cube" title="Soma cube">Soma cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_cube" title="Snake cube">Snake cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangram" title="Tangram">Tangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexastix" title="Hexastix">Hexastix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantrix" title="Tantrix">Tantrix</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tetris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/20px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/40px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics">WikiProject</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata675" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata675" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71910#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167037852">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb167037852">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811244656205606">Poland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elmcip.net/node/15106">ELMCIP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetris&oldid=1284207406">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetris&oldid=1284207406</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tetris" title="Category:Tetris">Tetris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alexey_Pajitnov_games" title="Category:Alexey Pajitnov games">Alexey Pajitnov games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:DOS_games" title="Category:DOS games">DOS games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Falling_block_puzzle_games" title="Category:Falling block puzzle games">Falling block puzzle games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mirrorsoft_games" title="Category:Mirrorsoft games">Mirrorsoft games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NP-complete_problems" title="Category:NP-complete problems">NP-complete problems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puzzle_video_games" title="Category:Puzzle video games">Puzzle video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_inventions" title="Category:Russian inventions">Russian inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_brands" title="Category:Soviet brands">Soviet brands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_games" title="Category:Soviet games">Soviet games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soviet_inventions" title="Category:Soviet inventions">Soviet inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spectrum_HoloByte_games" title="Category:Spectrum HoloByte games">Spectrum HoloByte games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_franchises_introduced_in_1985" title="Category:Video game franchises introduced in 1985">Video game franchises introduced in 1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_games_developed_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Video games developed in the Soviet Union">Video games developed in the Soviet 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Japanese-language script (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: URL">CS1 errors: URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">CS1 maint: url-status</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2024">Use mdy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_December_2024" title="Category:Use 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class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-878c86b85-zmfng","wgBackendResponseTime":290,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.147","walltime":"2.410","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19490,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":411612,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14652,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":713543,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2101.934 1 -total"," 45.47% 955.795 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.84% 374.989 126 Template:Sfn"," 14.31% 300.884 71 Template:Cite_web"," 8.15% 171.257 37 Template:Cite_magazine"," 6.80% 142.918 34 Template:Cite_news"," 5.93% 124.665 12 Template:Cite_book"," 4.97% 104.474 1 Template:Langx"," 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