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Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Landoo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(carruaje)" title="Landó (carruaje) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Landó (carruaje)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_(hippomobile)" title="Landau (hippomobile) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Landau (hippomobile)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%C3%B2" title="Landò – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Landò" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer_(rijtuig)" title="Landauer (rijtuig) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landauer (rijtuig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer" title="Landauer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Landauer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lando" title="Lando – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lando" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau_(carruagem)" title="Landau (carruagem) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Landau (carruagem)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landou_(tr%C4%83sur%C4%83)" title="Landou (trăsură) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Landou (trăsură)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the landau car body style, see <a href="/wiki/Landau_(automobile)" title="Landau (automobile)">Landau (automobile)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landau_carriage,_1816.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Landau_carriage%2C_1816.jpg/220px-Landau_carriage%2C_1816.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Landau_carriage%2C_1816.jpg/330px-Landau_carriage%2C_1816.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Landau_carriage%2C_1816.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>1816 landau, wind-up side windows and forerunner<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the true <a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">convertible car</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachbuilding">coachbuilding</a>, a <b>landau</b> (pronounced <i>LAN-dow</i>) is a four-wheeled <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriage</a> with a roof that can be let down.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a luxury carriage. The low shell of the landau provides maximal visibility of the occupants and their clothing, a feature that makes a landau still a popular choice for <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Lord Mayors</a> in the United Kingdom on ceremonial occasions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_landau_carriages">History of landau carriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of landau carriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A landau is lightweight and suspended on <a href="/wiki/Elliptical_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliptical spring">elliptical springs</a>. It was invented in the 18th century; <i>landau</i> in this sense is first noted in English in 1743.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named after the German city of <a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatinate region">Rhenish Palatinate</a> where they were first produced. In the 1830s, Luke Hopkinson, a celebrated coach-maker in Holborn, introduced the Briska Landau, which led with subsequent improvements to the popular landau. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_CMS_272952(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Large_CMS_272952%281%29.jpg/220px-Large_CMS_272952%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Large_CMS_272952%281%29.jpg/330px-Large_CMS_272952%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Large_CMS_272952%281%29.jpg/440px-Large_CMS_272952%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_development">Description and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG/220px-Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG/330px-Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG/440px-Wien_Stefansdom_fiaker_DSC02643.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>In Vienna, landaus are called <i><a href="/wiki/Fiacre_(carriage)" title="Fiacre (carriage)">fiacres</a></i> because they can be rented.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landau_Carriage.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Landau_Carriage.JPG/220px-Landau_Carriage.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Landau_Carriage.JPG/330px-Landau_Carriage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Landau_Carriage.JPG/440px-Landau_Carriage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A five-glass landau carriage in <a href="/wiki/Geraz_do_Lima_Carriage_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Geraz do Lima Carriage museum">Geraz do Lima Carriage museum</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>A landau, drawn by a pair or <a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_(carriage)" title="Four-in-hand (carriage)">four-in-hand</a>, is one of several kinds of <a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">vis-à-vis</a>, a social carriage with facing seats over a dropped footwell (<i>illustration</i>), which was perfected by the mid-19th century in the form of a swept base that flowed in a single curve. The soft folding top is divided into two sections, front and rear, latched at the center. These usually lie perfectly flat, but the back section can be let down or thrown back while the front section can be removed or left stationary. When fully opened, the top can completely cover the passengers, with some loss of the graceful line.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The landau's centre section might contain a fixed full-height glazed door, or more usually a low half-door. There would usually be a separate raised open coachman's upholstered bench-seat, but a landau could be <a href="/wiki/Postilion" title="Postilion">postilion</a>-driven, and there was usually a separate groom's seat, sprung above and behind the rear axle, saving the groom from having to stand on a running board. </p><p>A five-glass landau was fitted with a front glass windscreen and two windows on each side (including retractable windows on the doors). </p><p>The landau reached its full development by the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was purely a city carriage of luxury type. The low shell of the landau made for maximum visibility of the occupants and their clothing, a feature that makes a landau still a popular choice for <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Lords Mayor</a> on ceremonial occasions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landaulet">Landaulet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landaulet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>landaulet</b> carriage, also <b>landaulette</b> or <b>demi-landau</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-smith_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 63">: 63 </span></sup> is a cut-down (<a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a>) version of a landau. The landaulette retains the rear half of the landau's two-part folding top.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 358">: 358 </span></sup> The earliest use of the word shown in the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> is in a patent of 1771, using the former spelling <b>landawlet</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Landaulet. A coupé version of the Landau, seating two passengers facing forward. A square type, the rear part protected by a falling hood or half hood. Drawn by either a single horse in shafts or a pair in pole gear. Hung on sideways elliptical and semi-elliptical springs.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>D. J. M. Smith in <i>A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles</i> <sup id="cite_ref-smith_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 103">: 103 </span></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The name landaulette was also used for the <a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)"> landaulet car body style</a>, where the passengers are covered by a removable top and the chauffeur is usually covered and separated from passengers by a division.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landaulet carriage"><img alt="Landaulet carriage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg/188px-Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg/282px-Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg/375px-Verkehrsmuseum_Dresden_Kutsche_Landaulet_um_1900_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3866" data-file-height="2473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Landaulet carriage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Landaulette_carriage,_1816_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1816 Carriage design"><img alt="1816 Carriage design" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Landaulette_carriage%2C_1816_%281%29.jpg/166px-Landaulette_carriage%2C_1816_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Landaulette_carriage%2C_1816_%281%29.jpg/250px-Landaulette_carriage%2C_1816_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Landaulette_carriage%2C_1816_%281%29.jpg/333px-Landaulette_carriage%2C_1816_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1816 Carriage design</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_use_in_Britain">Royal use in Britain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Royal use in Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg/250px-State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg/375px-State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg/500px-State_Opening_of_Parliament_State_Landau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A State Landau conveys the <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Princess Royal</a> and other members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">British Royal Family</a> back to <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> after the 2008 <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a> contains several different types of landau: seven State Landaus are in regular use (dating from between 1838 & 1872), plus five Semi-state Landaus.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as being slightly plainer in ornamentation, the Semi-state Landaus are distinguished from the State Landaus in that they are <a href="/wiki/Postilion" title="Postilion">postilion</a>-driven, rather than driven from the <a href="/wiki/Coach_(carriage)" title="Coach (carriage)">box</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mayor%27s_Show,_London_2006_(295489240).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295489240%29.jpg/250px-Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295489240%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295489240%29.jpg/375px-Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295489240%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295489240%29.jpg/500px-Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295489240%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Semi-state Postilion Landau (on loan for the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show" title="Lord Mayor's Show">Lord Mayor's Show</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1902_State_Landau" title="1902 State Landau">1902 State Landau</a> was built for the coronation of Edward VII in 1902. Unlike the earlier State Landaus, it is postilion-driven. So too are the five Ascot Landaus, smaller and lighter carriages with basket-work sides, which are used each year (as their name suggests) at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ascot" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ascot">Royal Ascot</a>. The Royal Mews also retains a miniature landau made for the children of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> and designed to be pulled by ponies. </p><p>Landaus make for a striking display as long as the weather is fine, and they are used on occasions ranging from State Visits and the Opening of Parliament, to Royal Weddings, Jubilees and other celebrations. They also play a regular part in the welcoming of new ambassadors to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St_James%27s" title="Court of St James's">Court of St James's</a>: soon after arriving in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, foreign <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> have an audience with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">the Queen</a> in which they present their <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_Credence" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of Credence">Letters of Credence</a> or Letters of High Commission to Her Majesty. The ambassadors are collected from the embassy or residence by a State landau from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a> for this purpose, and escorted by the <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Diplomatic_Corps" title="Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps">Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps</a>, who is based at <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a>. The ambassador's suite follows in another State landau.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">monarch of Canada</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_viceroyal_transport_in_Canada#Carriage_and_automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and viceroyal transport in Canada">state landau</a> available in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> for ceremonial processions from <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a> to <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a>. The State Landau was given to Canada in 1911 and was formerly used by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Australia">Governor General of Australia</a>. </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Plate" title="King's Plate">King's Plate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, the monarch and the royal family have a private landau owned by the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Jockey_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Jockey Club">Ontario Jockey Club</a> and gift from <a href="/wiki/E.P._Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="E.P. Taylor">E.P. Taylor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japan">Japan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Five-glass landaus in Japan</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg/200px-Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg/300px-Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg/400px-Nobutake_Odano_and_Tim_Hitchens_20121221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4144" data-file-height="2931" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Accreditation of a new ambassador</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG/200px-Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG/300px-Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG/400px-Special_Parade_of_the_Ceremonial_Horse-Drawn_Carriages2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A similar carriage driven open</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A number of horse-drawn carriages, known in Japan as <i>zagyoshiki</i>, are maintained by the Imperial household and regularly used when new ambassadors present their credentials to the emperor as well as for royal weddings and coronations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barouche" title="Barouche">Barouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steering_undercarriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Steering undercarriage">Steering undercarriage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Merriam-Webster-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Merriam-Webster new book of word histories,</i> Merriam-Webster, Inc 1991 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IrcZEZ1bOJsC&q=landaulet&pg=PA359">Google preview</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metaglossary.com/meanings/366766">MetaGlossary.com: Landau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607165758/http://www.metaglossary.com/meanings/366766/">Archived</a> 2008-06-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a></i>, "landau".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandforvisitors.co.uk/horsecarriage.php">The Horse-drawn Carriage Pictures</a> Images of Scotland; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caaonline.com/caa_content.asp?PageType=Dept&Key=15&MCat=4">CAAOnline: Carriage Tour</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070806191808/http://caaonline.com/caa_content.asp?PageType=Dept&Key=15&MCat=4">Archived</a> 2007-08-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carriage_Association_of_America" title="Carriage Association of America">Carriage Association of America</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10420437&wwwflag=&imagepos=5">George A. Hooper design of a landau, 1856</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, D.J.M. (1988). <i>A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles</i>. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851314686" title="Special:BookSources/0851314686"><bdi>0851314686</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11597864M">11597864M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Horse+Drawn+Vehicles&rft.pub=J.+A.+Allen+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11597864M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0851314686&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D.J.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandau+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Landaulet,_n." class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Landaulet%2C+n.">"Landaulet, n."</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Landaulet%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DLandaulet%252C%2Bn.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandau+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClough1913" class="citation book cs1">Clough, Albert L. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/dictionaryofauto00clourich"><i>A dictionary of automobile terms</i></a>. New York, The Horseless age company. p. 185<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+automobile+terms&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=New+York%2C+The+Horseless+age+company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Clough&rft.aufirst=Albert+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofauto00clourich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandau+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'The Royal Mews', Pitkin, 1973 & 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/Audiences/Ambassadorscredentials.aspx">Ambassador's credentials</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309035640/http://www.royal.gov.uk/RoyalEventsandCeremonies/Audiences/Ambassadorscredentials.aspx">Archived</a> 2009-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Official Website of The British Monarchy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/kyuchu/shinninjo/basha.html">"Imperial Household Agency website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+Household+Agency+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fe-about%2Fkyuchu%2Fshinninjo%2Fbasha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandau+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1985" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Clive (1985). <i>Driving : The Development and Use of Horse-Drawn Vehicles</i>. <a href="/wiki/B.T._Batsford" class="mw-redirect" title="B.T. Batsford">B.T. Batsford</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780713439922" title="Special:BookSources/9780713439922"><bdi>9780713439922</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driving+%3A+The+Development+and+Use+of+Horse-Drawn+Vehicles&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780713439922&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandau+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerkebile1978" class="citation book cs1">Berkebile, Donald H. (1978). <i>Carriage Terminology: A Historical Dictionary</i>. Smithsonian Institution Press publication. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3650993">3650993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Carriage+Terminology%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary&rft.place=Washington&rft.series=Smithsonian+Institution+Press+publication&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3650993&rft.aulast=Berkebile&rft.aufirst=Donald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALandau+%28carriage%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Araba_(carriage)" title="Araba (carriage)">Araba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barouche" title="Barouche">Barouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)" title="Berlin (carriage)">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brake_(carriage)" title="Brake (carriage)">Brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britzka" title="Britzka">Britzka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(carriage)" title="Brougham (carriage)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckboard" title="Buckboard">Buckboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buggy_(carriage)" title="Buggy (carriage)">Buggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calash" class="mw-redirect" title="Calash">Calash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariole" title="Cariole">Cariole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carryall" title="Carryall">Carryall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaise" title="Chaise">Chaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_(carriage)" title="Clarence (carriage)">Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_(carriage)" title="Coach (carriage)">Coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_coach" title="Concord coach">Concord coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_(carriage)" title="Coupé (carriage)">Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diligence_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diligence (vehicle)">Diligence</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dos-%C3%A0-dos_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dos-à-dos (carriage)">Dos-à-dos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag (carriage)">Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droshky" title="Droshky">Droshky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacre_(carriage)" title="Fiacre (carriage)">Fiacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_(carriage)" title="Fly (carriage)">Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_(carriage)" title="Four-in-hand (carriage)">Four-in-hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearse#History" title="Hearse">Hearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herdic" title="Herdic">Herdic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsebus" title="Horsebus">Horsebus/Omnibus</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_(carriage)" title="Jingle (carriage)">Jingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karozzin" title="Karozzin">Karozzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibitka" title="Kibitka">Kibitka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_coach" title="Mail coach">Mail coach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_carriage" title="Marathon carriage">Marathon carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Drag">Park Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(carriage)" title="Phaeton (carriage)">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_chaise" title="Post chaise">Post chaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Coach">Road Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockaway_(carriage)" title="Rockaway (carriage)">Rockaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(carriage)" title="Runabout (carriage)">Runabout (carriage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable_(carriage)" title="Sociable (carriage)">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_phaeton" class="mw-redirect" title="Spider phaeton">Spider phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">Stagecoach</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_wagon" title="Stage wagon">Stage wagon</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_coach" title="State coach">State coach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_coach" title="Gold coach">Gilded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_(carriage)" title="Surrey (carriage)">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarantass" title="Tarantass">Tarantass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triga_(chariot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triga (chariot)">Triga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(carriage)" title="Victoria (carriage)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vozok" title="Vozok">Vozok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagonette" title="Wagonette">Wagonette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two-wheeled<br />carriages and carts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandy_(carriage)" title="Bandy (carriage)">Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabriolet_(carriage)" title="Cabriolet (carriage)">Cabriolet</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_cart" title="Cape cart">Cape cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">Cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariot_(carriage)" title="Chariot (carriage)">Chariot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biga_(chariot)" title="Biga (chariot)">Biga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triga_(chariot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triga (chariot)">Triga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga">Quadriga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e_(cart)" title="Chasse-marée (cart)">Chasse-marée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidomo" title="Cidomo">Cidomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_(carriage)" title="Croydon (carriage)">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curricle" title="Curricle">Curricle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogcart" title="Dogcart">Dogcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokar">Dokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekka_(carriage)" title="Ekka (carriage)">Ekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(horse-drawn)" title="Float (horse-drawn)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(vehicle)" title="Gari (vehicle)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gharry" title="Gharry">Gharry</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_(carriage)" title="Gig (carriage)">Gig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governess_cart" title="Governess cart">Governess cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansom_cab" title="Hansom cab">Hansom cab</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunting_car" title="Jaunting car">Jaunting car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalesa" title="Kalesa">Kalesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbers_and_caissons" title="Limbers and caissons">Limbers and caissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralli_car" title="Ralli car">Ralli car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_cart" title="Red River cart">Red River cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-horse_shay" class="mw-redirect" title="One-horse shay">Shay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cart" title="Sicilian cart">Sicilian cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjees" title="Sjees">Sjees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprung_cart" title="Sprung cart">Sprung cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanhope_(carriage)" title="Stanhope (carriage)">Stanhope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulky" title="Sulky">Sulky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanga_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanga (carriage)">Tanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilbury_(carriage)" title="Tilbury (carriage)">Tilbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(carriage)" title="Trap (carriage)">Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbrel" title="Tumbrel">Tumbrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheeled_calash" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-wheeled calash">Two-wheeled calash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Un-sprung_cart" class="mw-redirect" title="Un-sprung cart">Un-sprung cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volante_(carriage)" title="Volante (carriage)">Volante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_(carriage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskey (carriage)">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-wheeled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled/sleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travois" title="Travois">Travois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troika_(driving)" title="Troika (driving)">Troika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wagons & freight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon" title="Chuckwagon">Chuckwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_wagon" title="Conestoga wagon">Conestoga wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_wagon" title="Covered wagon">Covered wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(horse-drawn)" title="Float (horse-drawn)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorry_(horse-drawn)" title="Lorry (horse-drawn)">Lorry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telega" title="Telega">Telega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolley_(horse-drawn)" title="Trolley (horse-drawn)">Trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolley_and_lift_van" title="Trolley and lift van">Trolley and lift van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardo_(Romani_wagon)" title="Vardo (Romani wagon)">Vardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">Wagon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carriage_builder" class="mw-redirect" title="Carriage builder">Vehicle construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder#Horse-drawn_origins" title="Coachbuilder">Coachbuilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_axle_assembly" title="Front axle assembly">Front axle assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammercloth" title="Hammercloth">Hammercloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaft_bow" title="Shaft bow">Shaft bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swingletree" title="Swingletree">Swingletree/singletree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriage#Undercarriage" title="Carriage">Undercarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainwright_(occupation)" title="Wainwright (occupation)">Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelwright" title="Wheelwright">Wheelwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whippletree_(mechanism)" title="Whippletree (mechanism)">Whippletree/double tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horse_harness" title="Horse harness">Harness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_rein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bearing rein">Bearing rein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinkers_(horse_tack)" title="Blinkers (horse tack)">Blinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastplate_(tack)#Harness" title="Breastplate (tack)">Breast collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeching_(tack)" title="Breeching (tack)">Breeching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridle#Harness_bridles" title="Bridle">Bridle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_collar" title="Horse collar">Collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crupper" title="Crupper">Crupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_brass" title="Horse brass">Horse brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rein#Harness_reins" title="Rein">Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harness_saddle" title="Harness saddle">Saddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terret" title="Terret">Terret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_(tack)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trace (tack)">Trace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coachman" title="Coachman">Coachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footman" title="Footman">Footman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postilion" title="Postilion">Postilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_(horse)" title="Driving (horse)">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">Draft horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_club" title="Driving club">Driving club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem#Horse_driving" title="Tandem">Tandem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carriage_museums" class="mw-redirect" title="List of carriage museums">Museums and collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_use_of_roadways" title="Equestrian use of roadways">Equestrian use of roadways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carriages" title="Category:Carriages">Carriages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carts" title="Category:Carts">Carts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coachbuilders" title="Category:Coachbuilders">Coachbuilders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carriage_museums" title="Category:Carriage museums">Carriage museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horse_driving" title="Category:Horse driving">Horse driving</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carriages" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carriages">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡ indicates vehicles that were used historically in public transport services</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&oldid=1247810486">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landau_(carriage)&oldid=1247810486</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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