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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografiska_områden_med_hög_endemism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografiska_områden_med_hög_endemism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografiska områden med hög endemism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografiska_områden_med_hög_endemism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Geografiska områden med hög endemism</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografiska_områden_med_hög_endemism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exempel_på_områden_med_hög_endemism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exempel_på_områden_med_hög_endemism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Exempel på områden med hög endemism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exempel_på_områden_med_hög_endemism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Växter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Växter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Växter</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Växter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Växter</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Växter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_ekoregioner_i_världen_som_har_högst_endemism_bland_växter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_ekoregioner_i_världen_som_har_högst_endemism_bland_växter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>De ekoregioner i världen som har högst endemism bland växter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_ekoregioner_i_världen_som_har_högst_endemism_bland_växter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Djur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Djur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Djur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Djur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Djur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Djur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fåglar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fåglar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fåglar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fåglar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parasiter_och_symbiotiska_taxa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasiter_och_symbiotiska_taxa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Parasiter och symbiotiska taxa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasiter_och_symbiotiska_taxa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Övriga_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Övriga_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Övriga källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Övriga_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Endemism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 64 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemie_(ekologie)" title="Endemie (ekologie) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Endemie (ekologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="توطن – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توطن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismu" title="Endemismu – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Endemismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemik" title="Endemik – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Endemik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="স্থানিকতা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্থানিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эндэмізм – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эндэмізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endem" title="Endem – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Endem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brosezadezh" title="Brosezadezh – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brosezadezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Endemisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisk" title="Endemisk – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Endemisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Endemism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ενδημισμός – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενδημισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Endemism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemio" title="Endemio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Endemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بوم‌زادی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوم‌زادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%C3%A9misme" title="Endémisme – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Endémisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Endemisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B1" title="고유성 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고유성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Էնդեմիկ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էնդեմիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="तत्रस्थता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तत्रस्थता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Endemisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="אנדמיות (ביולוגיה) – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדמיות (ביולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endem%C3%AEk" title="Endemîk – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endemîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%86demizmys" title="Eņdemizmys – lettgalliska" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Eņdemizmys" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="lettgalliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismus" title="Endemismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Endemismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%C4%93ms" title="Endēms – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Endēms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismus" title="Endemismus – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Endemismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemizmas" title="Endemizmas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Endemizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemie_(biogeografie)" title="Endemie (biogeografie) – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Endemie (biogeografie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ендемизам – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ендемизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4" title="തദ്ദേശീയത – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തദ്ദേശീയത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemik" title="Endemik – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Endemik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemie_(biogeografie)" title="Endemie (biogeografie) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Endemie (biogeografie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisk" title="Endemisk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Endemisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Endemisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Endemisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemit" title="Endemit – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Endemit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemik" title="Endemik – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Endemik" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Endemism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ендем – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ендем" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эндемизм – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эндемизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Эндемик – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эндемик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A" title="ආවේණික – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවේණික" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Endemism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemizmus" title="Endemizmus – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Endemizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemizem" title="Endemizem – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Endemizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ендемизам – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ендемизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotoper%C3%A4isyys" title="Kotoperäisyys – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kotoperäisyys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="அகணிய உயிரி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகணிய உயிரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="สิ่งมีชีวิตเฉพาะถิ่น – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สิ่งมีชีวิตเฉพาะถิ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemizm" title="Endemizm – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Endemizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ендемізм – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ендемізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – venetianska" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_h%E1%BB%AFu" title="Đặc hữu – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đặc hữu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemismo" title="Endemismo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Endemismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%89%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="特有现象 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特有现象" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123452#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Endemism&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><div class="noexcerpt noprint hanvisning_bas hatnote"> <dl><dd><i>För den epidemiologiska termen, se <a href="/wiki/Endemi" title="Endemi">Endemi</a>.  </i></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pseudonestor_xanthophrys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pseudonestor_xanthophrys.jpg/250px-Pseudonestor_xanthophrys.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pseudonestor_xanthophrys.jpg/500px-Pseudonestor_xanthophrys.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mauifink" title="Mauifink">Mauifink</a> (<i>Pseudonestor xanthophrys</i>) tillhör gruppen <a href="/wiki/Hawaiifinkar" title="Hawaiifinkar">hawaiifinkar</a> som är endemisk för ögruppen <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Endemism</b> är inom <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">ekologi</a> när ett <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> bara förekommer inom ett specifikt område. Endemism kan förutom <a href="/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi">geografisk</a> utbredning även vara kopplat till specifika <a href="/wiki/Biotop" title="Biotop">biotoper</a> eller <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdv%C3%A4xt" title="Värdväxt">värdväxter</a> och <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rddjur" class="mw-redirect" title="Värddjur">värddjur</a>. Oftast talar man om endemiska arter men det kan även gälla <a href="/wiki/Underart" title="Underart">underarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A4kte" title="Släkte">släkten</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Familj_(biologi)" title="Familj (biologi)">familjer</a>. Generellt har isolerade områden hög endemism men man kan även tala om släkten eller arter som är endemiska för en <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsdel" class="mw-redirect" title="Världsdel">världsdel</a> eller en <a href="/wiki/Faunaregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Faunaregion">faunaregion</a>. </p><p>En taxonomisk grupp är endemiskt för det område där dess <a href="/wiki/Fortplantning" title="Fortplantning">reproduktion</a> sker. Det vill säga om det avser ett <a href="/wiki/Djur" title="Djur">djur</a> som befinner sig i ett stort område stora delar av året men som bara fortplantar sig på ett litet område, exempelvis en ögrupp, så är arten endemisk för denna ögrupp trots att den alltså till största delen befinner sig i andra områden resten av sitt liv. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografiska_områden_med_hög_endemism"><span id="Geografiska_omr.C3.A5den_med_h.C3.B6g_endemism"></span>Geografiska områden med hög endemism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Geografiska områden med hög endemism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Geografiska områden med hög endemism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg/250px-Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg/375px-Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg/500px-Spheniscus_mendiculus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galapagospingvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagospingvin">Galapagospingviner</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Trots att begreppet alltså kan användas för mycket stora geografiska områden så är det vanligast att man talar om endemism när det gäller taxa som har en mycket begränsad utbredning. Vanligast är att det handlar om <a href="/wiki/%C3%96_(landomr%C3%A5de)" title="Ö (landområde)">öar</a>, isolerade <a href="/wiki/Vattendrag" title="Vattendrag">vattendrag</a> eller områden omgivna av exempelvis öknar, höga berg eller andra isolerande barriärer. Vissa taxa som bara lever i extrema områden som exempelvis höga bergsområden, eller i mycket specifika naturtyper isoleras av sina fysiska begränsningar att förflytta sig till liknande områden på andra platser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exempel_på_områden_med_hög_endemism"><span id="Exempel_p.C3.A5_omr.C3.A5den_med_h.C3.B6g_endemism"></span>Exempel på områden med hög endemism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Exempel på områden med hög endemism" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Exempel på områden med hög endemism"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos%C3%B6arna" title="Galápagosöarna">Galápagosöarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nya_Zeeland" title="Nya Zeeland">Nya Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaronesien" title="Makaronesien">Makaronesien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azorerna" title="Azorerna">Azorerna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanarie%C3%B6arna" title="Kanarieöarna">Kanarieöarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde">Kap Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selvagens%C3%B6arna" title="Selvagensöarna">Selvagensöarna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawisj%C3%B6n" title="Malawisjön">Malawisjön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Arabiska halvön">Arabiska halvön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellerna" title="Seychellerna">Seychellerna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stora_sj%C3%B6arna_(Afrika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stora sjöarna (Afrika)">Stora sjöarna (Afrika)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Växter"><span id="V.C3.A4xter"></span>Växter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Växter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Växter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det område som förmodligen innehåller flest endemiska växter, särskilt <a href="/wiki/Orkid%C3%A9er" title="Orkidéer">orkidéer</a>, är ögruppen <a href="/wiki/Seychellerna" title="Seychellerna">Seychellerna</a> utanför <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikas</a> östkust. Det beror på att ögruppen varit avskild från kontinenten så länge att en mängd nya arter uppkommit genom <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> och att dessa arter inte har kunnat ha något utbyte med de arter som finns på övriga öar eller på kontinenten. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG/250px-Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG/375px-Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG/500px-Lilium_bosniacum_-_Bl%C3%BCte.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_Bosniacum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilium Bosniacum [inte skriven än]">Lilium Bosniacum</a></i> är ett exempel på en endemisk växtart som endast påträffas i <a href="/wiki/Bosnien_och_Hercegovina" title="Bosnien och Hercegovina">Bosnien och Hercegovina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_ekoregioner_i_världen_som_har_högst_endemism_bland_växter"><span id="De_ekoregioner_i_v.C3.A4rlden_som_har_h.C3.B6gst_endemism_bland_v.C3.A4xter"></span>De ekoregioner i världen som har högst endemism bland växter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: De ekoregioner i världen som har högst endemism bland växter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: De ekoregioner i världen som har högst endemism bland växter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enligt <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsnaturfonden" class="mw-redirect" title="Världsnaturfonden">Världsnaturfonden</a> har följande <a href="/wiki/Ekoregion" title="Ekoregion">ekoregioner</a> procentuellt den högsta endemismen bland växter: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fynbos" title="Fynbos">Fynbos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sydafrika" title="Sydafrika">Sydafrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropisk_torrskog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropisk torrskog [inte skriven än]">tropiska torrskogar</a> i <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></li> <li>Hawaiis <a href="/wiki/Tropisk_regnskog" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropisk regnskog">tropiska regnskogar</a> i USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hed" title="Hed">Hedlandskap</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ekoregion" title="Ekoregion">ekoregionen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kwongan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kwongan [inte skriven än]">Kwongan</a>, sydvästra <a href="/wiki/Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskars</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6vf%C3%A4llande_torrskog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lövfällande torrskog [inte skriven än]">lövfällande torrskogar</a></li> <li>Madagaskars låglandskogar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nya_Kaledonien" title="Nya Kaledonien">Nya Kaledoniens</a> torrskogar</li> <li>Nya Kaledoniens regnskogar</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Madre_de_Oaxaca_tall-_ekskogar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Madre de Oaxaca tall- ekskogar [inte skriven än]">Sierra Madre de Oaxaca</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Madre_del_Sur_tall-_ekskogar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Madre del Sur tall- ekskogar [inte skriven än]">Sierra Madre del Sur tall- ekskogar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a> och <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Djur">Djur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Djur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Djur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fåglar"><span id="F.C3.A5glar"></span>Fåglar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fåglar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fåglar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Orange_breasted_sunbird,_singing_(5860292137).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Orange_breasted_sunbird%2C_singing_%285860292137%29.jpg/250px-Orange_breasted_sunbird%2C_singing_%285860292137%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Orange_breasted_sunbird%2C_singing_%285860292137%29.jpg/330px-Orange_breasted_sunbird%2C_singing_%285860292137%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Orange_breasted_sunbird%2C_singing_%285860292137%29.jpg/500px-Orange_breasted_sunbird%2C_singing_%285860292137%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orangebr%C3%B6stad_solf%C3%A5gel" title="Orangebröstad solfågel">Orangebröstad solfågel</a> är endemisk för sydvästra Kapprovinsen i Sydafrika.</figcaption></figure> <p>Evolutionärt är ett vanligt scenario för utvecklande av endemism bland <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A5glar" title="Fåglar">fåglar</a> att en numerärt vanlig <a href="/wiki/Flyttf%C3%A5gel" title="Flyttfågel">flyttfågel</a> hamnar på en isolerad ö, blir <a href="/wiki/Stannf%C3%A5gel" title="Stannfågel">stationär</a> och därefter utvecklas arten under lång tid, på grund av litet eller inget genetiskt inflöde, till en eller flera endemiska taxa. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stra_palearktis" title="Västra palearktis">Västra palearktis</a> har 90 endemiska fåglar varav Europa har 12. Även <a href="/wiki/Nordamerika" title="Nordamerika">Nordamerika</a> har 12 endemiska arter. </p><p>Nästan alla <a href="/wiki/Ordning_(biologi)" title="Ordning (biologi)">ordningar</a> bland fåglar är representerade på minst två <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontinent">kontinenter</a>. Det två mest isolerade ordningarna i världen är <a href="/wiki/Musf%C3%A5glar" title="Musfåglar">musfåglar</a> (Coliiformes), som bara finns söder om <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Stubbstj%C3%A4rth%C3%B6ns" class="mw-redirect" title="Stubbstjärthöns">stubbstjärthöns</a> (Tinamiformes), som bara finns i <a href="/wiki/Centralamerika" title="Centralamerika">Central-</a> och <a href="/wiki/Sydamerika" title="Sydamerika">Sydamerika</a>. </p><p>På familjenivå är endemism vanligt. Nedan följer några exempel: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kagu" title="Kagu">Kagu</a> (Rhynochetidae), <a href="/wiki/Monotypisk" title="Monotypisk">monotypisk</a> familj som bara häckar på <a href="/wiki/Nya_Kaledonien" title="Nya Kaledonien">Nya Kaledonien</a> i <a href="/wiki/Stilla_havet" title="Stilla havet">Stilla havet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmtrastar" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmtrastar">Palmtrastar</a> (Dulidae), monotypisk familj som bara häckar på öar runt om ön <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> i <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stindien" title="Västindien">Västindien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivier" title="Kivier">Kivier</a> (Apterygidae), familj med fem arter som alla finns på <a href="/wiki/Nya_Zeeland" title="Nya Zeeland">Nya Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todier" title="Todier">Todier</a> (Todidae), familj med fem arter som bara finns på ögruppen <a href="/wiki/Stora_Antillerna" title="Stora Antillerna">Stora Antillerna</a> i Västindien</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiifinkar" title="Hawaiifinkar">Hawaiifinkar</a> (Drepanididae), familj som bara finns på <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parasiter_och_symbiotiska_taxa">Parasiter och symbiotiska taxa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Parasiter och symbiotiska taxa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Parasiter och symbiotiska taxa"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vissa <a href="/wiki/Parasit" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasit">parasiter</a> och taxa lever i <a href="/wiki/Symbios" title="Symbios">symbios</a> med andra djur eller växter. Skulle värddjuret/värdväxten dö ut skulle även den endemiska arten dö ut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Delar av artikeln är översatt från engelska Wikipedias artiklar <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemism">Endemism</a> och <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_endemic_birds">Lists of endemic birds</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233569805_Breaking_dormancy_of_two_endemic_Lilium_species_Lilium_bosniacum_G_Beck_Beck_ex_Fritsch_and_Lilium_martagon_L_var_cattaniae_Vis">”Breaking dormancy of two endemic Lilium species: Lilium bosniacum (G. Beck) Beck ex Fritsch and Lilium martagon L. var. cattaniae Vis”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233569805_Breaking_dormancy_of_two_endemic_Lilium_species_Lilium_bosniacum_G_Beck_Beck_ex_Fritsch_and_Lilium_martagon_L_var_cattaniae_Vis">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233569805_Breaking_dormancy_of_two_endemic_Lilium_species_Lilium_bosniacum_G_Beck_Beck_ex_Fritsch_and_Lilium_martagon_L_var_cattaniae_Vis</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 december 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Breaking+dormancy+of+two+endemic+Lilium+species%3A+Lilium+bosniacum+%28G.+Beck%29+Beck+ex+Fritsch+and+Lilium+martagon+L.+var.+cattaniae+Vis&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F233569805_Breaking_dormancy_of_two_endemic_Lilium_species_Lilium_bosniacum_G_Beck_Beck_ex_Fritsch_and_Lilium_martagon_L_var_cattaniae_Vis&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Endemism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Övriga_källor"><span id=".C3.96vriga_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Övriga källor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Övriga källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemism&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Övriga källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Magnus Ullman, <i>Endemer i Västra Palearktis</i>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5r_F%C3%A5gelv%C3%A4rld" title="Vår Fågelvärld">Vår Fågelvärld</a>, nr.7, 2006</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endemism&oldid=51488065">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endemism&oldid=51488065</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ekologi" title="Kategori:Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Biologisk_m%C3%A5ngfald" title="Kategori:Biologisk mångfald">Biologisk mångfald</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 13 november 2022 kl. 20.32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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