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vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Përmbajtja</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">zhvendoseni tek shiriti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fshihe</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Kreu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Toponimi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponimi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Toponimi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponimi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Shfaq/fshih nënseksionin Historia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brenda_Perandorisë_Romake/Bizantine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brenda_Perandorisë_Romake/Bizantine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Brenda Perandorisë Romake/Bizantine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brenda_Perandorisë_Romake/Bizantine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominimi_osman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominimi_osman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dominimi osman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominimi_osman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ndarja_administrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ndarja_administrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ndarja administrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ndarja_administrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ushtria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ushtria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ushtria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ushtria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shiko_edhe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shiko_edhe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shiko edhe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shiko_edhe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Përmbajtja" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabela e Përmbajtjes" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Shfaqni/Fshihni tabelën" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Shfaqni/Fshihni tabelën</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abkazia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Shkoni te një artikull në një gjuhë tjetër. Gjendet në 171 gjuhë" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">171 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%90%D2%B3%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BD%D2%AD%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра – abkazisht" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkazisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Адзыгъэй – adigisht" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Адзыгъэй" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abchasië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9D%E1%8B%AB" title="አብካዝያ – amarisht" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አብካዝያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाजिया – angikisht" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अबखाजिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="حكومة جمهورية أبخازيا – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة جمهورية أبخازيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – avarikisht" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abxaziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آبخازیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آبخازیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – bashkirisht" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasien" title="Abchasien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Abchasien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkaz%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Abkazėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Abkazėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рэспубліка Абхазія – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэспубліка Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Абхазія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhasi" title="Abhasi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Abhasi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="আবখাজিয়া – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবখাজিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%27hazia" title="Abc'hazia – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abc'hazia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkh%C3%A0zia" title="Abkhàzia – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abkhàzia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjasia" title="Abjasia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Abjasia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази – çeçenisht" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – sebuanisht" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئەبخازیا – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەبخازیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaziya_Cumhuriyeti" title="Abhaziya Cumhuriyeti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Abhaziya Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abch%C3%A1zie" title="Abcházie – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abcházie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Абхаꙁїꙗ – sllavishte kishtare" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Абхаꙁїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="sllavishte kishtare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази – çuvashisht" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvashisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasia" title="Abchasia – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abchasia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasien" title="Abkhasien – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abkhasien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasien" title="Abchasien – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abchasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazya" title="Abxazya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Abxazya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αμπχαζία – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπχαζία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%A5azio" title="Abĥazio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abĥazio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjasia" title="Abjasia – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abjasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaasia" title="Abhaasia – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abhaasia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="آبخاز – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبخاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhasia" title="Abhasia – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abhasia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkasia" title="Abkasia – faroisht" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Abkasia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%27Abkhazie" title="République d'Abkhazie – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République d'Abkhazie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcazia" title="Abcazia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Abcazia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaasien" title="Abchaasien – frisianishte veriore" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Abchaasien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisianishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Abc%C3%A1is" title="An Abcáis – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Abcáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaziya" title="Abhaziya – gagauzisht" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Abhaziya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Abchas" title="An Abchas – galishte skoceze" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Abchas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="galishte skoceze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avek%C3%A1sia" title="Avekásia – guaranisht" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avekásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="અબ્ખાજિયા – guxharatisht" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અબ્ખાજિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxharatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Abcaaish" title="Yn Abcaaish – manksisht" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Abcaaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – hausisht" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="אבחזיה – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבחזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबख़ाज़िया – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अबख़ाज़िया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaziska" title="Abchaziska – sorbishte e sipërme" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Abchaziska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorbishte e sipërme" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C3%A1zia" title="Abházia – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abházia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աբխազիայի Հանրապետություն – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբխազիայի Հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Abkhazia" title="Republik Abkhazia – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – gjuha oksidentale" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="gjuha oksidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apikasiaq" title="Apikasiaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Apikasiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – ilokoisht" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази – ingushisht" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abhazia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkas%C3%ADa" title="Abkasía – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Abkasía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcasia" title="Abcasia – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abcasia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%91%89%E1%91%B2%E1%93%AF%E1%90%8A" title="ᐊᑉᑲᓯᐊ – inuktitutisht" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᑉᑲᓯᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitutisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2" title="アブハジア – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブハジア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – javanisht" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="აფხაზეთის რესპუბლიკა – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფხაზეთის რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Abxaziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazya" title="Abxazya – kabilisht" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abxazya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Азгъей – kabardianisht" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Азгъей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Абхазия Республикасы – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абхазия Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%ED%95%98%EC%A7%80%EC%95%BC" title="압하지야 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압하지야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Хачыпсы – karaçaj-balkarisht" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хачыпсы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaçaj-balkarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebxazya" title="Ebxazya – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ebxazya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – komisht" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazi" title="Abhazi – kornisht" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Abhazi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abascia" title="Abascia – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abascia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia – ladinoisht" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Abhazia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – lezgianisht" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië – limburgisht" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Abchazië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcasia" title="Abcasia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Abcasia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcasia" title="Abcasia – lombardisht" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Abcasia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazija" title="Abchazija – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abchazija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C4%81zija" title="Abhāzija – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abhāzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाजिया – maitilisht" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अबखाजिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maitilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkazia" title="Abkazia – madagaskarisht" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abkazia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagaskarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Абхазий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Абхазий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Абхазија – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абхазија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="അബ്ഖാസിയ – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബ്ഖാസിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Абхаз – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Абхаз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाझिया – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अबखाझिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Абхази – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Абхази" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abka%C5%BCja" title="Abkażja – maltisht" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Abkażja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Абхазия Мастор – erzjaisht" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Абхазия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آبخازیا – mazanderanisht" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آبخازیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazie" title="Abchazie – gjermanishte saksone e vendeve të ulëta" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Abchazie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte saksone e vendeve të ulëta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाजिया – nepalisht" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अबखाजिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abchazië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abkhasia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkasia" title="Abkasia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Abkasia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcazia" title="Abcazia – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abcazia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଆବାଖାଜିଆ – odisht" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆବାଖାଜିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Абхаз – osetisht" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Абхаз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਅਬਖ਼ਾਜ਼ੀਆ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਬਖ਼ਾਜ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhasya" title="Abhasya – pampangaisht" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Abhasya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अब्खाजिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अब्खाजिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazja" title="Abchazja – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abchazja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ابخازیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابخازیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abec%C3%A1sia" title="Abecásia – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abecásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abhazia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Республика Абхазия – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Республика Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Републіка Абхазія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Републіка Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abukaziya" title="Abukaziya – kiniaruandisht" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Abukaziya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiniaruandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – sakaisht" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%C3%A0sia" title="Abcàsia – sardenjisht" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Abcàsia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardenjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkh%C3%A0zzia" title="Abkhàzzia – siçilianisht" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Abkhàzzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siçilianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazie" title="Abkhazie – skotisht" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Abkhazie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا – sindisht" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazya" title="Abxazya – taçelitisht" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Abxazya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taçelitisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%82%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="ဢႅပ်ႉၶေးၸီးယႃး – shanisht" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢႅပ်ႉၶေးၸီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abch%C3%A1zsko" title="Abcházsko – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abcházsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazija" title="Abhazija – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abhazija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – somalisht" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Абхазија – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абхазија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – sundanisht" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazien" title="Abchazien – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abchazien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazyj%C5%8F" title="Abchazyjŏ – silesisht" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Abchazyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="அப்காசியா – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அப்காசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="అబ్‌ఖజియా – teluguisht" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అబ్‌ఖజియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluguisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷумҳурии Абхозистон – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Абхозистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อับคาเซีย – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อับคาเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazi%C3%BDa" title="Abhaziýa – turkmenisht" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abhaziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazij%C9%99" title="Abxazijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Abxazijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazya" title="Abhazya – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abhazya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Абхазия – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Республика Абхазия – udmurtisht" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Республика Абхазия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Республіка Абхазія – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Республіка Абхазія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ابخازيا – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابخازيا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaziya" title="Abxaziya – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abxaziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%C3%A0zia" title="Abcàzia – venetisht" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Abcàzia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazii" title="Abhazii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Abhazii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Abkhazia" title="Chính phủ Cộng hòa Abkhazia – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chính phủ Cộng hòa Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labkas%C3%A4n" title="Labkasän – volapykisht" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Labkasän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapykisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – uarajisht" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="uarajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9" title="阿布哈兹 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿布哈兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – xhosaisht" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="აფხაზეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აფხაზეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Abchazië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%85%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⴱⵅⴰⵣⵢⴰ – tamaziatishte standarde marokene" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⵅⴰⵣⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamaziatishte standarde marokene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿布哈茲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Abkhazia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿布哈茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31354462#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje ndërgjuhësore" class="wbc-editpage">Përpunoni lidhje</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Emërhapësira"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Abkazia" title="Shikoni përmbajtjen e atikullit. [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulli</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskutim:Abkazia" rel="discussion" title="Diskutim për përmbajtjen e faqes [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskutim</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ndërroni variantin e gjuhës" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">shqip</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Shikime"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&stable=1"><span>Lexo</span></a></li><li id="ca-current" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&stable=0&redirect=no" title="Shih këtë faqe me ndryshimet në pritje [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Duke kontrolluar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&oldid=2687471&veaction=edit" title="Përpunoni këtë faqe [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakto</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="//sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit" title="Përpunoni kodin burim të kësaj faqeje [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=history" title="Versione të mëparshme të artikullit. 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libra&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Abkazia"><span>Krijo një libër</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&printable=yes" title="Version i shtypshëm i kësaj faqeje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version shtypi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Në projekte të tjera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31354462" title="Lidhje për te objekt depoje të dhënash i lidhur [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Objekt Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Mjete të faqes"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Pamja"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" 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enciklopedia e lirë</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Përcjellë nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhazia&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhazia">Abhazia</a>)</span><br /> <div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">Ky është një version i shqyrtuar i kësaj faqeje</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
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.ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republika e Abkazisë</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2581005">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Аԥсны Аҳәынҭқарра (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_abhaziane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha abhaziane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Abhazisht</a>)</li><li>Apsny Ahwyntqarra</li><li>Республика Абхазия (<a href="/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse">Rusisht</a>)</li><li>Respublika Abkhaziya</li></ul></div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Abhazia"><img alt="Flag of Abhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flamuri_i_Abhazis%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flamuri i Abhazisë">Flamuri</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblema e Abhazia"><img alt="Emblema e Abhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblema_e_Abhazis%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblema e Abhazisë">Emblema</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Himni:</b> Аиааира (Abkazisht)<br /><span title="[[:Stampa:ISO 639 name ab]] transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aiaaira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aiaaira (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Aiaaira</a></span><br />"Fitore"<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="249" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Abkhazia_–_Aiaaira_(Аиааира)_(orchestral_vocal_version).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/National_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg/National_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/National_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg&lang=ab&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ab" label="аԥсшәа ‪(ab)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Abkhazia_%E2%80%93_Aiaaira_%28%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%29_%28orchestral_vocal_version%29.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Europe-Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vendndodhja e Abhazia"><img alt="Vendndodhja e Abhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Europe-Abkhazia.svg/250px-Europe-Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Europe-Abkhazia.svg/500px-Europe-Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Statusi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njohja_nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtare_e_Abhazis%C3%AB_dhe_Osetis%C3%AB_s%C3%AB_Jugut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njohja ndërkombëtare e Abhazisë dhe Osetisë së Jugut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Njihet nga 5 nga 193 shtete anëtare</a> të <a href="/wiki/Kombet_e_Bashkuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kombet e Bashkuara">Kombeve të Bashkuara</a>; e njohur nga <a href="/wiki/Kombet_e_Bashkuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kombet e Bashkuara">Kombet e Bashkuara</a> si <i>de jure</i> pjesë e <a href="/wiki/Gjeorgjia" title="Gjeorgjia">Gjeorgjisë</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kryeqyteti</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukhumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukhumi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sukhumi</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2594793">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abkazia&params=43_00_N_40_59_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">40°59′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.000°N 40.983°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.000; 40.983</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Qyteti më i madh</th><td class="infobox-data">kryeqyteti</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gjuhët zyrtare</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2520769">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_abkaziane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha abkaziane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Abkazisht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse">Rusisht</a><sup>a</sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_e_folur" title="Gjuha e folur">Gjuhët e folura</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2520769" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_abkaziane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha abkaziane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Abkazisht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_ruse" title="Gjuha ruse">Rusisht</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_gjeorgjiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha gjeorgjiane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gjeorgjisht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_mingreliane" title="Gjuha mingreliane">Mingrelian</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_svane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha svane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Svanisht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gjuha_armene" title="Gjuha armene">Armenisht</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_osetiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha osetiane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Osetisht</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonimi" title="Demonimi">Demonim(et)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2520769" /><div class="hlist" style="white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhaz%C3%ABt" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhazët">Abhazët</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Qeverisja</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">Republika</a> <a href="/wiki/Shteti_unitar" title="Shteti unitar">unitare</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistemi_presidencial" title="Sistemi presidencial">presidenciale</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2594795" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidento_i_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidento i Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Presidenti</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aslan_Bzhania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aslan Bzhania (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Aslan Bzhania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kryeministri_i_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kryeministri i Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kryeministri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Ankvab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Ankvab (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Alexander Ankvab</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legjislatura</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuvendi_Popullor_i_Abkhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuvendi Popullor i Abkhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kuvendi Popullor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Themelimi</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2594795" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_Socialiste_Sovjetike_e_Abkhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Abkhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Abkhazisë</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 mars 1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_Socialiste_Sovjetike_Autonome_e_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike Autonome e Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Republika Socialiste Sovjetike Autonome e Abhazisë</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 shkurt 1931</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Deklarata e sovranitetit të Abhazisë </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 gusht 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Deklarata e pavarësisë së Abhazisë </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 korrik 1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Akti i pavarësisë së shtetit<sup>b</sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 tetor 1999</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Sipërfaqja</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Gjithsej</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,665<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (3,346 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Popullsia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Llogaritja 2020</div></th><td class="infobox-data">244,926<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries and dependencies by population (nuk është shkruar akoma)">185th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2011 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">240,705</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Dendësia</div></th><td class="infobox-data">28.3/km<sup>2</sup> (73.3/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prodhimi_i_Brendsh%C3%ABm_Bruto" title="Prodhimi i Brendshëm Bruto">PBB</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2665148">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Llogaritja 2020</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Gjithsej</div></th><td class="infobox-data">31.4 trilionë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubla (nuk është shkruar akoma)">rubla</a> (439.6 milion <a href="/wiki/Dollari_i_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Dollari i Shteteve të Bashkuara">dollarë amerikan</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Për kokë banori</div></th><td class="infobox-data">128,203 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubla (nuk është shkruar akoma)">rubla</a> (1,795 <a href="/wiki/Dollari_i_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Dollari i Shteteve të Bashkuara">dollarë amerikan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Valuta</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2581005" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsar_abhazian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsar abhazian (nuk është shkruar akoma)">apsar abhazian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rubla_ruse" title="Rubla ruse">rubla ruse</a><sup>c</sup></li></ul></div> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (nuk është shkruar akoma)">RUB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zona kohore</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3</span> (MSK)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prefiksi telefonik</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numrat_e_telefonit_n%C3%AB_Rusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numrat e telefonit në Rusi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">+7</a> 840 / 940 dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Numrat_e_telefonit_n%C3%AB_Abhazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numrat e telefonit në Abhazi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">+995 44</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Abkhazia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of Abkhazia">Neni 6 i Kushtetutës së Abhazisë</a> garanton të drejtën e përdorimit të gjuhës amtare për të gjitha grupet etnike.</li><li value="2">Për të vendosur, në mënyrë retroaktive, <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> pavarësinë që nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_n%C3%AB_Abkhazi_(1992-1993)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lufta në Abkhazi (1992-1993) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">lufta e viteve 1992–1993</a>.</li><li value="3">Monedha <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" class="mw-redirect" title="De facto">de facto</a></i>. Janë emetuar disa monedha përkujtimore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsar_abhazian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsar abhazian (nuk është shkruar akoma)">apsar abhazian</a>. Apsari është me një kurs këmbimi fiks, i lidhur me rubla ruse (1 rubla = 0,10 apsar).</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abkazia</b>, zyrtarisht <b>Republika e Abkazisë</b>, është një <a href="/wiki/Shteti" title="Shteti">shtet</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Njohja_diplomatike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njohja diplomatike (nuk është shkruar akoma)">i njohur pjesërisht</a> në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaukazi_i_Jugut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaukazi i Jugut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kaukazin e Jugut</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Njohja_nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtare_e_Abkhazis%C3%AB_dhe_Osetis%C3%AB_s%C3%AB_Jugut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njohja ndërkombëtare e Abkhazisë dhe Osetisë së Jugut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">i njohur</a> nga shumica e vendeve si pjesë e <a href="/wiki/Gjeorgjia" title="Gjeorgjia">Gjeorgjisë</a>, e cila e sheh rajonin si një <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_autonome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika autonome (nuk është shkruar akoma)">republikë autonome</a>. Shtrihet në bregun lindor të <a href="/wiki/Deti_i_Zi" title="Deti i Zi">Detit të Zi</a>, në jug të maleve të <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaukazi_i_Madh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaukazi i Madh (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Kaukazit të Madh</a> në Gjeorgjinë veriperëndimore. Ajo mbulon 8,665 kilometra katrorë dhe ka një popullsi prej rreth 245,000. Kryeqyteti dhe qyteti më i madh i saj është <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukhumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukhumi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sukhumi</a>. </p><p>Statusi i Abkazisë është një çështje qendrore e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflikti_gjerogjio-abhaziane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflikti gjerogjio-abhaziane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">konfliktit gjeorgjio-Abkazian</a> dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marr%C3%ABdh%C3%ABniet_mes_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB_dhe_Rusis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marrëdhëniet mes Gjeorgjisë dhe Rusisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">marrëdhënieve mes Gjeorgjisë dhe Rusisë</a>. Abbhazia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Njohja_nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtare_e_Abkhazis%C3%AB_dhe_Osetis%C3%AB_s%C3%AB_Jugut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njohja ndërkombëtare e Abkhazisë dhe Osetisë së Jugut (nuk është shkruar akoma)">njihet</a> si shtet i pavarur nga Rusia, Venezuela, Nikaragua, Nauru dhe Siria. Ndërsa Gjeorgjisë i mungon kontrolli mbi Abkazinë, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qeveria_e_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qeveria e Gjeorgjisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">qeveria gjeorgjiane</a> dhe shumica e shteteve anëtare të <a href="/wiki/Kombet_e_Bashkuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kombet e Bashkuara">Kombeve të Bashkuara</a> e konsiderojnë Abkazinë ligjërisht një pjesë të Gjeorgjisë, me Gjeorgjinë që mban një qeveri zyrtare në mërgim. </p><p>Rajoni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republika_Socialiste_Sovjetike_Autonome_e_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike Autonome e Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">kishte autonomi</a> brenda <a href="/wiki/Republika_Socialiste_Sovjetike_e_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB" title="Republika Socialiste Sovjetike e Gjeorgjisë">Gjeorgjisë Sovjetike</a> në kohën kur <a href="/wiki/Shp%C3%ABrb%C3%ABrja_e_Bashkimit_Sovjetik" title="Shpërbërja e Bashkimit Sovjetik">Bashkimi Sovjetik filloi të shpërbëhej</a> në fund të viteve 1980. Tensionet e ndezura etnike midis <a href="/wiki/Abhaz%C3%ABt" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhazët">abhazëve</a> – përkatësisë etnike titullare të rajonit – dhe <a href="/wiki/Gjeorgjian%C3%ABt" title="Gjeorgjianët">gjeorgjianëve</a> – grupi më i madh etnik i vetëm në atë kohë – kulmuan në <a href="/wiki/Lufta_n%C3%AB_Abhazi_(1992-1993)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lufta në Abhazi (1992-1993)">luftën e viteve 1992-93</a>, e cila rezultoi në humbjen e kontrollit të Gjeorgjisë mbi pjesën më të madhe të Abkhazisë dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spastrimi_etnik_i_gjeorgjian%C3%ABve_n%C3%AB_Abhazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spastrimi etnik i gjeorgjianëve në Abhazi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">spastrimin etnik të gjeorgjianëve nga Abkazia</a>. </p><p>Pavarësisht marrëveshjes së armëpushimit të vitit 1994 dhe negociatave shumëvjeçare, mosmarrëveshja mbetet e pazgjidhur. Prania afatgjatë e një <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misioni_V%C3%ABzhgues_i_Kombeve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara_n%C3%AB_Gjeorgji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misioni Vëzhgues i Kombeve të Bashkuara në Gjeorgji (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Misioni Vëzhgues të Kombeve të Bashkuara</a> dhe e një force paqeruajtëse të <a href="/wiki/Bashk%C3%ABsia_e_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Pavarura" title="Bashkësia e Shteteve të Pavarura">Bashkësisë së Shteteve të Pavarura</a> të udhëhequra nga Rusia nuk arriti të parandalonte shpërthimin e dhunës në disa raste. Në gusht 2008, forcat abhaze dhe ruse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_ruso-gjeorgjiane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lufta ruso-gjeorgjiane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">luftuan</a> kundër forcave gjeorgjiane, e cila çoi në njohjen zyrtare të Abkhazisë nga Rusia, anulimin e marrëveshjes së armëpushimit të vitit 1994 dhe përfundimin e misionit të OKB-së. Më 28 gusht 2008, <a href="/wiki/Parlamenti_i_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB" title="Parlamenti i Gjeorgjisë">Parlamenti i Gjeorgjisë</a> e shpalli Abkazinë një <a href="/wiki/Territoret_e_pushtuara_nga_Rusia_n%C3%AB_Gjeorgji" class="mw-redirect" title="Territoret e pushtuara nga Rusia në Gjeorgji">territor të pushtuar nga Rusia</a>, një qëndrim i përbashkët nga shumica e shteteve anëtare të Kombeve të Bashkuara. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponimi">Toponimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Toponimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Toponimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emri abhaz <i>Apsny</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gjuha_abhaziane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gjuha abhaziane (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Abkazisht</a>: Аԥсны) është etimologjizuar si një <i>tokë e shpirtit</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> megjithatë kuptimi i mirëfilltë është një <i>vend i të vdekshmëve</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ndoshta për herë të parë u shfaq në shekullin e shtatë në një tekst armen, ndoshta duke iu referuar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsilae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsilae (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Apsilianëve</a> të lashtë.<sup id="cite_ref-Hewitt2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewitt2013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Në burimet e hershme muslimane, termi "Abkazi" përdorej përgjithësisht për të nënkuptuar territorin e Gjeorgjisë.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Me sa duket e konsideruar si një shtet pasardhës i Lazicës (<i>Egrisi</i> në burimet gjeorgjiane), ky shtet i ri vazhdoi të përmendet si Egrisi në disa <a href="/wiki/Kronikat_e_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB" title="Kronikat e Gjeorgjisë">kronika gjeorgjiane</a> dhe armene të epokës bizantine (p.sh. <i>Vitae e Mbretërve Gjeorgjian</i> nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonti_Mroveli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonti Mroveli (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Leonti Mroveli</a> dhe <i>Historia e Armenisë</i> nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hovhannes_Draskhanakerttsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Hovannes Draskhanakertsi</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shteti është përcaktuar si "Republika e Abkazisë" në kushtetutën e tij.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brenda_Perandorisë_Romake/Bizantine"><span id="Brenda_Perandoris.C3.AB_Romake.2FBizantine"></span>Brenda Perandorisë Romake/Bizantine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Brenda Perandorisë Romake/Bizantine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Brenda Perandorisë Romake/Bizantine"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Perandoria_Romake" title="Perandoria Romake">Perandoria Romake</a> pushtoi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazica (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Lazica</a> në shekullin e 1-rë e.r.; megjithatë, prania romake ishte e kufizuar në porte.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sipas <a href="/wiki/Arriani" title="Arriani">Arrianit</a>, popujt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abasgoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abasgoi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Abasgoi</a> dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsilae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsilae (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Apsilae</a> ishin nënshtetas nominalë romakë dhe kishte një post të vogël romak në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioscurias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioscurias (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Dioscurias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abasgoi ka të ngjarë të shërbejë në ushtrinë romake në <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auxilia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auxilia (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ala</a> Prima Abasgorum</i> e cila ishte e vendosur në Egjipt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pas shekullit të 4-të Lazica rifitoi njëfarë pavarësie, por mbeti brenda sferës së ndikimit të <a href="/wiki/Perandoria_Bizantine" title="Perandoria Bizantine">Perandorisë Bizantine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anacopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anacopia (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Anacopia</a> ishte kryeqyteti i principatës. Vendi ishte kryesisht i krishterë, me selinë e kryepeshkopit në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pityus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pityus (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Pityus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stratofilus, Mitropoliti i Pityus, mori pjesë në <a href="/wiki/K%C3%ABshilli_i_par%C3%AB_i_Nikes%C3%AB" title="Këshilli i parë i Nikesë">Këshillin e Parë të Nikesë</a> në vitin 325.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rreth mesit të shekullit të 6-të e.r., bizantinët dhe <a href="/wiki/Perandoria_Sasanide" title="Perandoria Sasanide">Persia Sasanide</a> luftuan për epërsi mbi Abkazinë, një konflikt i njohur si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufta_Lazike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lufta Lazike (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Lufta Lazike</a>. Gjatë luftës, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abasgoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abasgoi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">abasgët</a> ngritën krye kundër Perandorisë Bizantine dhe kërkuan ndihmën e Sasanëve; revolta u shtyp nga gjenerali <a href="/wiki/Besas" title="Besas">Besas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Një inkursion arab në Abasgia, i udhëhequr nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marwan_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marwan II (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Marwan II</a>, u zmbraps nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_I_i_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon I i Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Princi Leon I</a> së bashku me aleatët e tij lazikë dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principata_e_Iberis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principata e Iberisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">iberikë</a> në vitin 736. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_II_i_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon II i Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Mbreti Leon II</a> shfrytëzoi këtë bashkim dinastik për të marrë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazica (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Lazikën</a> në vitet 770.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mbrojtja e suksesshme kundër Kalifatit Arab dhe fitimet e reja territoriale në lindje u dhanë princave abasgianë fuqi të mjaftueshme për të kërkuar më shumë autonomi nga Perandoria Bizantine. Rreth vitit 778, Princi Leoni II, me ndihmën e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khazars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khazars (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Khazarëve</a>, shpalli pavarësinë nga Perandoria Bizantine dhe e transferoi rezidencën e tij në <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi" title="Kutaisi">Kutaisi</a>. Gjatë kësaj periudhe gjuha gjeorgjiane zëvendësoi <a href="/wiki/Gjuha_greke" title="Gjuha greke">greqishten</a> si gjuhë e shkrim-leximit dhe kulturës.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominimi_osman">Dominimi osman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Dominimi osman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Dominimi osman"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Në shekullin e 16-të, pas shpërbërjes së Mbretërisë Gjeorgjiane në mbretëri dhe principata të vogla, u shfaq <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principata_e_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principata e Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Principata e Abkazisë</a> (nominalisht një vasal i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mbret%C3%ABria_e_Imeretit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mbretëria e Imeretit (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Mbretërisë së Imeretit</a>), e sunduar nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sht%C3%ABpia_e_Sharvashidze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shtëpia e Sharvashidze (nuk është shkruar akoma)">dinastia Shervashidze</a>. Në vitin 1453, osmanët sulmuan për herë të parë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukhumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukhumi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sukhumi</a>, dhe në vitet 1570, ata kishin një garnizon atje. Gjatë gjithë shekullit të 17-të, ata vazhduan të nisnin sulmet, duke çuar në vendosjen e haraçit ndaj Abkazisë. Ndikimi osman u rrit ndjeshëm në shekullin e 18-të me ndërtimin e një fortese në Sukhumi, e shoqëruar nga konvertimi i sundimtarëve të Abkhazisë dhe shumë abhazëve të tjerë në Islam. Megjithatë, konfliktet midis abhazëve dhe turqve vazhduan.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abkhazia kërkoi mbrojtje nga <a href="/wiki/Perandoria_Ruse" title="Perandoria Ruse">Perandoria Ruse</a> në vitin 1801, por u shpall "një principatë autonome" nga rusët në 1810.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rusia më pas aneksoi Abkazinë në vitin 1864, dhe rezistenca abhaze u shua pasi rusët deportuan abhazët muslimanë në territoret osmane.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ndarja_administrative">Ndarja administrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakto pjesën: Ndarja administrative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ndarja administrative"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink"><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%ABndarjet_e_Abhazis%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nëndarjet e Abhazisë (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Nëndarjet e Abhazisë</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/220px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/330px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg/440px-Abkhazia_districts_map_numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>1) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Gagra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Gagra (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gagra</a> 2) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Gudauta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Gudauta (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gudauta</a> 3) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Sukhumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Sukhumi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Sukhumi</a> 4) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Gulripshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Gulripshi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gulripshi</a> 5) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Ochamchira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Ochamchira (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ochamchira</a> 6) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Tkvarcheli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Tkvarcheli (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Tkvarcheli</a> 7) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distrikti_Gali,_Abhazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distrikti Gali, Abhazi (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Gali</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Republika e Abkhazisë është e ndarë në shtatë <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raion (nuk është shkruar akoma)">raione</a> (distrikte) të emërtuara sipas qyteteve të tyre kryesore. Këto distrikte mbeten kryesisht të pandryshuara që nga shpërbërja e Bashkimit Sovjetik, me përjashtim të distriktit Tkvarcheli, i krijuar në vitin 1995 nga pjesë të distrikteve Ochamchira dhe Gali.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ushtria">Ushtria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakto pjesën: Ushtria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ushtria"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink"><i>Artikulli</i> <i>kryesor</i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Forcat_e_Armatosura_t%C3%AB_Abkazis%C3%AB" title="Forcat e Armatosura të Abkazisë">Forcat e Armatosura të Abkazisë</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Forcat e Armatosura Abkaziane janë ushtria e Republikës së Abkhazisë. Baza e forcave të armatosura Abkhaziane u formua nga Garda Kombëtare etnike Abhaze, e cila u krijua në fillim të vitit 1992. Shumica e armëve të tyre vijnë nga ish baza e divizionit ajror rus në Gudauta.<sup id="cite_ref-Chervonnaia_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chervonnaia-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WhiteBookOfAbkhazia_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhiteBookOfAbkhazia-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ushtria Abkaziane është kryesisht një forcë tokësore, por përfshin njësi të vogla detare dhe ajrore. Rusia vendos njësitë e veta ushtarake si pjesë e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baza_e_7-t%C3%AB_Ushtarake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baza e 7-të Ushtarake (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Bazës së 7-të Ushtarake</a> në Abkazi.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Këto njësi thuhet se janë në varësi të <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushtria_e_49-t%C3%AB_e_Arm%C3%ABve_t%C3%AB_Kombinuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushtria e 49-të e Armëve të Kombinuara (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ushtrisë së 49-të</a> Ruse dhe përfshijnë elemente tokësore dhe mjete të mbrojtjes ajrore.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shiko_edhe">Shiko edhe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakto pjesën: Shiko edhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Shiko edhe"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lufta_n%C3%AB_Abkazi_(1992-1993)" title="Lufta në Abkazi (1992-1993)">Lufta në Abkazi (1992-1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufta_n%C3%AB_Abkazi_(1998)" title="Lufta në Abkazi (1998)">Lufta në Abkazi (1998)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkazia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoiberg2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hoiberg, Dale H., red. 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Marrë më <span class="nowrap">10 shkurt</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vub.ac.be&rft.atitle=Contested+Borders+in+the+Caucasus+%3A+Chapter+I+%283%2F4%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoli.vub.ac.be%2Fpubli%2FContBorders%2Feng%2Fch0103.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFOzgan1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Ozgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Ozgan (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Ozgan, Konstantin</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abkhazalliance.com/ozganp.html">"Abkhazia: Problems and the Paths to their Resolution"</a>. përmbledhur nga Ole Høiris, Sefa Martin Yürükel (red.). <i>Contrasts and Solutions in the Caucasus</i> (në anglisht). Aarhus University Press. fq. 184. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-87-7288-708-1" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-87-7288-708-1"><bdi>978-87-7288-708-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227150801/http://www.abkhazalliance.com/ozganp.html">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 27 shkurt 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">27 shkurt</span> 2015</span>. <q>[...] <i>Apsny</i>, which when translated, means 'Land of the Abkhazians [Mortals]' [...] See Chirikba (1991) for the etymology deriving the Abkhazian native <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnonym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnonym (nuk është shkruar akoma)">ethnonym</a> from the root 'die' in the sense of 'mortal being'. The popular belief that the toponym is etymologisable as 'Land of the Soul' is demonstrated by Chirikba to be no longer tenable.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abkhazia%3A+Problems+and+the+Paths+to+their+Resolution&rft.btitle=Contrasts+and+Solutions+in+the+Caucasus&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Aarhus+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-87-7288-708-1&rft.aulast=Ozgan&rft.aufirst=Konstantin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abkhazalliance.com%2Fozganp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hewitt2013-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Hewitt2013_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hewitt, George B. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eshhfkTqkXkC&pg=PA9"><i>Discordant Neighbours: A Reassessment of the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-South Ossetian Conflicts</i></a> (në anglisht). BRILL. fq. 9. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-90-04-24893-9" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-90-04-24893-9"><bdi>978-90-04-24893-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161117204359/https://books.google.com/books?id=eshhfkTqkXkC&pg=PA9">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 17 nëntor 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discordant+Neighbours%3A+A+Reassessment+of+the+Georgian-Abkhazian+and+Georgian-South+Ossetian+Conflicts&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-24893-9&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=George+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeshhfkTqkXkC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/div/m.lordkiPaniZe_abkh.html">Prof. Lordkipanidze M.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225231434/http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/div/m.lordkiPaniZe_abkh.html">Arkivuar</a> 25 shkurt 2021 tek Wayback Machine <i>The Abkhazians and Abkhazia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">For all practical purposes the term Abkhdz or Afkhdz, in early Muslim sources covers Georgia and Georgians . <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasily_Bartold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasily Bartold (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Barthold, Wasil</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Minorsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Minorsky (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Minorsky, Vladimir</a>, "Abkhaz", in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam (nuk është shkruar akoma)">The Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>, Vol. 1, 1960.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFLortkipanidzeOtkhmezuri2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lortkipanidze, Mariam; Otkhmezuri, Giorgi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/abkhazia-s-status-as-part-of-georgia-historical-perspective">"Abkhazia's status as part of Georgia: historical perspective"</a>. <i>Central Asia and the Caucasus</i> (në anglisht). <b>4</b> (1–2): 175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Central+Asia+and+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=Abkhazia%E2%80%99s+status+as+part+of+Georgia%3A+historical+perspective&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=175&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lortkipanidze&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft.au=Otkhmezuri%2C+Giorgi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fabkhazia-s-status-as-part-of-georgia-historical-perspective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abkhazworld.com/aw/reports-and-key-texts/607-constitution-of-the-republic-of-abkhazia-apsny">"Constitution of the Republic of Abkhazia (Apsny)"</a> (në anglisht). Abkhazworld.com. 22 tetor 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624045315/http://abkhazworld.com/aw/reports-and-key-texts/607-constitution-of-the-republic-of-abkhazia-apsny">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 24 qershor 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">31 maj</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Republic+of+Abkhazia+%28Apsny%29&rft.pub=Abkhazworld.com&rft.date=2008-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabkhazworld.com%2Faw%2Freports-and-key-texts%2F607-constitution-of-the-republic-of-abkhazia-apsny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFRayfield2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rayfield, Donald (2013). <i>Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia</i> (në anglisht). ReaktionBooks. fq. 28. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-78023-070-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-78023-070-2"><bdi>978-1-78023-070-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edge+of+Empires%3A+A+History+of+Georgia&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=ReaktionBooks&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-070-2&rft.aulast=Rayfield&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFKing2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_King_(professor_of_international_affairs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles King (professor of international affairs) (nuk është shkruar akoma)">King, Charles</a> (2004). "The Expedition of Flavius Arrianus". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackseahistory00king"><i>The Black Sea. A history</i></a> (në anglisht). Oxford University Press. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-19-924161-3" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-19-924161-3"><bdi>978-0-19-924161-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Expedition+of+Flavius+Arrianus&rft.btitle=The+Black+Sea.+A+history.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924161-3&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackseahistory00king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFRossi2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rossi, Corinna (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/16/">"Egyptian cubits and Late Roman architecture: the design of the forts of the Kharga Oasis (Egypt)"</a>. <i>ISAW Papers</i> (në anglisht). <b>16</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126081641/https://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/16/">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 26 janar 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">26 janar</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISAW+Papers&rft.atitle=Egyptian+cubits+and+Late+Roman+architecture%3A+the+design+of+the+forts+of+the+Kharga+Oasis+%28Egypt%29&rft.volume=16&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=Corinna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdlib.nyu.edu%2Fawdl%2Fisaw%2Fisaw-papers%2F16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFRayfield2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rayfield, Donald (2013). <i>Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia</i> (në anglisht). ReaktionBooks. fq. 43. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-78023-070-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-78023-070-2"><bdi>978-1-78023-070-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edge+of+Empires%3A+A+History+of+Georgia&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=ReaktionBooks&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78023-070-2&rft.aulast=Rayfield&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), p. 975</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFCOWPER" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">COWPER, B. Harris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/syriac_misc.htm">"B.H.Cowper, Syriac Miscellanies (1861)"</a>. <i>www.tertullian.org</i> (në anglisht). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092239/https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/syriac_misc.htm">Arkivuar</a> nga origjinali më 11 janar 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Marrë më <span class="nowrap">30 maj</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tertullian.org&rft.atitle=B.H.Cowper%2C+Syriac+Miscellanies+%281861%29&rft.aulast=COWPER&rft.aufirst=B.+Harris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers%2Fsyriac_misc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFLeppin2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leppin, Hartmut (2021). "The Eastern Roman Empire and Its Neighbours in the "Age of Justinian"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". përmbledhur nga Meier, Mischa; Montinaro, Federico (red.). <i>A Companion to Procopius of Caesarea</i> (në anglisht). Leiden: Brill. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-90-04-49877-8" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-90-04-49877-8"><bdi>978-90-04-49877-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Eastern+Roman+Empire+and+Its+Neighbours+in+the+%E2%80%9CAge+of+Justinian%E2%80%9D&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Procopius+of+Caesarea&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-90-04-49877-8&rft.aulast=Leppin&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFSmithVivien_Law1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Smith, Graham; Vivien Law (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationbuildingin0000unse/page/56"><i>Nation-building in the post-Soviet borderlands</i></a> (në anglisht). Cambridge University Press. fq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationbuildingin0000unse/page/56">56</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-521-59968-9" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-521-59968-9"><bdi>978-0-521-59968-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nation-building+in+the+post-Soviet+borderlands&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-59968-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft.au=Vivien+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationbuildingin0000unse%2Fpage%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Alexei Zverev, <i>Ethnic Conflicts in the Caucasus</i>; Graham Smith, Edward A Allworth, Vivien A Law et al., pages 56–58; <i>Abkhaz</i> by W. Barthold [V. Minorsky] in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclopaedia_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a>; <i>The Georgian-Abkhaz State</i> (summary), by George Anchabadze, in: Paul Garb, Arda Inal-Ipa, Paata Zakareishvili, editors, Aspects of the Georgian-Abkhaz Conflict: Cultural Continuity in the Context of Statebuilding, Volume 5, 26–28 August 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFБгажбаЛакоба2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Бгажба, О. Х.; Лакоба, С. З. (2007). "§9. Абхазское княжество и Турция (XV–XVIII ВВ.)". <i>История Абхазии с древнейших времен до наших дней</i> (në rusisht). Алашарбага.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C2%A79.+%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B8+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28XV%E2%80%93XVIII+%D0%92%D0%92.%29&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81+%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.pub=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E.+%D0%A5.&rft.au=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%2C+%D0%A1.+%D0%97.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AAbkazia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204" /><cite id="CITEREFBeradzeTopuriaKhorava2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Beradze, T.; Topuria, K.; Khorava, B. 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