Dutch Involvement with ESO

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/","20220309083209","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1646814729"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <base target="_top"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="author" content="information@eso.org"/> <meta name="description" content="ESO, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"/> <meta name="keywords" content="ESO, eso.org, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astronomie, Suedsternwarte, telescopes, detectors, comets, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, universe, NTT, VLT, VLTI, ALMA, ELT, La Silla, Paranal, Garching, Chile"/> <meta name="statvooVerification" content="f546f5bccd3fb7f8c5d8e97c6beab814"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="x-default"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="en-au"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="en-gb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="en-ie"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="en-us"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="sq"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="cs"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="da"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="nl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="nl-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="fi"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/france/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="fr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="fr-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="fr-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="de"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="de-at"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="de-be"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="de-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/greece/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="el"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="hu"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="is"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="it"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="it-ch"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="nb"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="pl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="pt-br"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="pt"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="ru"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="es"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="es-cl"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="sr-latn"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="sv"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="tr"/><link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" hreflang="uk"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/favicon.ico"/> <title>Dutch Involvement with ESO | ESO</title>  <style type="text/css"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209cs_/https://fast.fonts.net/t/1.css?apiType=css&projectid=03892b9b-79f6-4f01-9746-af912ebf5e47"); </style> <link href="/web/20220309083209cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/main.36985f868815.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoTopNews" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Top News"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://feeds.feedburner.com/EsoAnnouncements" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESO Announcements"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://feeds.feedburner.com/ESOcast" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOCast"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://recruitment.eso.org/jobs.rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Jobs@ESO"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/feed/" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ESOblog"/>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ESO"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ESO"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="/mtmo/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <meta property="og:title" content="Dutch Involvement with ESO"/> </head> <body> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h65L4P3NJkcTgVxOuXcoZNo8xf4BZaxk5nN4oEUxVPcvFYmZvGqhwiraqUOLNlBg"/> <div id="privacy-notice" style="display: none"> <p> By continuing to use this website, you are giving consent to our use of cookies.<br> For more information on how ESO uses data and how you can disable cookies, please view <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> our privacy policy</a>. </p> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="accept_privacy_notice()"> Accept </button> <script> // Display the privacy cookie if the cookie is not set if (!has_privacy_cookie()) { document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'block' } function has_privacy_cookie() { return document.cookie.split(';').filter(function(item) { return item.indexOf('privacy_notice_accepted=True') >= 0 }).length > 0 } function accept_privacy_notice() { let data = { LANGUAGE_CODE: 'en' } let csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken'); let headers = new Headers(); headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8'); headers.append('X-CSRFToken', csrftoken); fetch('/public/accept-privacy-notice/', { method: 'post', headers: headers, credentials: 'include', body: JSON.stringify(data) }).then( document.getElementById('privacy-notice').style.display = 'none' ) } function getCookie(name) { var cookieValue = null; if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== '') { var cookies = document.cookie.split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]); // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want? if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) { cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1)); break; } } } return cookieValue; } </script> </div> <nav class="navbar-general-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="navbar-general"> <div class="minilogo"> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div class="sprites-esologo-23-30" title="European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere"></div> </a> </div> <div id="select-language"> <div class="flags"> <div title="Austria" class="sprites-flag_at"></div> <div title="Belgium" class="sprites-flag_be"></div> <div title="Czech Republic" class="sprites-flag_cz"></div> <div title="Denmark" class="sprites-flag_da"></div> <div title="Finland" class="sprites-flag_fi"></div> <div title="France" class="sprites-flag_fr"></div> <div title="Germany" class="sprites-flag_de"></div> <div title="Ireland" class="sprites-flag_ie"></div> <div title="Italy" class="sprites-flag_it"></div> <div title="Netherlands" class="sprites-flag_nl"></div> <div title="Poland" class="sprites-flag_pl"></div> <div title="Portugal" class="sprites-flag_pt"></div> <div title="Spain" class="sprites-flag_es"></div> <div title="Sweden" class="sprites-flag_sv"></div> <div title="Switzerland" class="sprites-flag_ch"></div> <div title="UK" class="sprites-flag_gb"></div> <div style="margin-left: 8px" title="Chile" class="sprites-flag_cl"></div> </div> <div class="languages"> <div class="language-button"> <span class="language-text">Select Language (en)</span> <div class="language-flag"><div title="en" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div><span> (en)</span></div> <span class="caret"></span> </div> <ul class="languages-dropdown" role="menu"> <li class="language selected"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="International English" class="flag sprites-flag_en"> </div>International English</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/denmark/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Dansk" class="flag sprites-flag_da"> </div>Dansk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/germany/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Deutsch" class="flag sprites-flag_de"> </div>Deutsch</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-de/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Belgien)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Deutsch (Belgien)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-de/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Schweiz)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Deutsch (Schweiz)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/austria/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Deutsch (Österreich)" class="flag sprites-flag_at"> </div>Deutsch (Österreich)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/australia/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="English (Australia)" class="flag sprites-flag_au"> </div>English (Australia)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/ireland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="English (Ireland)" class="flag sprites-flag_ie"> </div>English (Ireland)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="English (UK)" class="flag sprites-flag_gb"> </div>English (UK)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/usa/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="English (USA)" class="flag sprites-flag_us"> </div>English (USA)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/spain/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Español" class="flag sprites-flag_es"> </div>Español</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/chile/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Español (Chile)" class="flag sprites-flag_cl"> </div>Español (Chile)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/france/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Français" class="flag sprites-flag_fr"> </div>Français</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-fr/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Français (Belgique)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Français (Belgique)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-fr/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Français (Suisse)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Français (Suisse)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/italy/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Italiano" class="flag sprites-flag_it"> </div>Italiano</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/switzerland-it/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Italiano (Svizzera)" class="flag sprites-flag_ch"> </div>Italiano (Svizzera)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/hungary/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Magyarország" class="flag sprites-flag_hu"> </div>Magyarország</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/netherlands/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Nederlands" class="flag sprites-flag_nl"> </div>Nederlands</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/belgium-nl/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Nederlands (België)" class="flag sprites-flag_be"> </div>Nederlands (België)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/norway/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Norsk" class="flag sprites-flag_nb"> </div>Norsk</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/poland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Polski" class="flag sprites-flag_pl"> </div>Polski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/portugal/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Português" class="flag sprites-flag_pt"> </div>Português</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/brazil/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Português (Brasil)" class="flag sprites-flag_br"> </div>Português (Brasil)</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/albania/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Shqip" class="flag sprites-flag_sq"> </div>Shqip</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/serbia/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Srpski" class="flag sprites-flag_sr-latn"> </div>Srpski</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/finland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Suomi" class="flag sprites-flag_fi"> </div>Suomi</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/sweden/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Svenska" class="flag sprites-flag_sv"> </div>Svenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/turkey/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Türkçe" class="flag sprites-flag_tr"> </div>Türkçe</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/iceland/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Íslenska" class="flag sprites-flag_is"> </div>Íslenska</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/czechrepublic/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Česky" class="flag sprites-flag_cs"> </div>Česky</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/russia/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="Русский" class="flag sprites-flag_ru"> </div>Русский</a></li> <li class="language"><a role="menuitem" href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/ukraine/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/?lang"><div title="українська" class="flag sprites-flag_uk"> </div>українська</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sections"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/sci.html">Science</a> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/UserPortal/">User Portal</a> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" id="searchbox-button"> <span class="fa fa-search"></span> </button> <div id="searchbox-dropdown"> <form action="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/search/" method="get" class="form-inline" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" value="" placeholder="Search..." name="q" class="form-control"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button> </span> </div>   </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links"> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe</a> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/">Contact</a> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/sitemap/">Site Map</a> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="main-menu-wrapper" role="navigation"> <div class="main-menu"> <div class="mobile-menu clearfix"> <button class="menu-trigger"><span class="fa fa-navicon"></span> Open Menu</button> </div> <ul class="level0 mainmenu-aim"> <li class="current"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/">About<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1 current"> <ul id="submenu-aim-2" class="submenu-aim selected current"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/esoglance/"> ESO, the European Southern Observatory </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/organisation/"> Organisation </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/"> Director General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-5" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/previous-dg/"> List of Directors General <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-6" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/xbarcons/"> Prof. Xavier Barcons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/tdezeeuw/"> Prof. T. de Zeeuw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ccesarsk/"> Dr. C. Cesarsky </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/rgiacconi/"> Prof. R. Giacconi </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/hvanderlaan/"> Prof. H. van der Laan </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/lwoltjer/"> Prof. L. Woltjer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/"> Prof. A. Blaauw </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/otto-heckmann/"> Prof. O. Heckmann </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/committees.html"> ESO's Governing Bodies </a></li><li class="submenu current"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/"> Member States <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-16" class="submenu-aim sublevel selected current current-leaf"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/austrianinvolvement/"> Austria </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/belgianinvolvement/"> Belgium </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/czechinvolvement/"> Czech Republic </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/danishinvolvement/"> Denmark </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/finnishinvolvement/"> Finland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/frenchinvolvement/"> France </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/germaninvolvement/"> Germany </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/irishinvolvement/"> Ireland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/italianinvolvement/"> Italy </a></li><li class=" current current-leaf"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/"> Netherlands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/polishinvolvement/"> Poland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/portugueseinvolvement/"> Portugal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/spanishinvolvement/"> Spain </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swedishinvolvement/"> Sweden </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/swissinvolvement/"> Switzerland </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/britishinvolvement/"> United Kingdom </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/"> Travel and Contacts <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-33" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/garching/"> Travel to ESO Headquarters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/vitacura/"> Travel to Vitacura Office </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/guesthouse/"> Travel to Guesthouse </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/lasilla/"> Travel to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/laserena/"> Travel to La Serena </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/paranal/"> Travel to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/antofagasta/"> Travel to Antofagasta </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/apexsequitor/"> Travel to APEX/Sequitor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/chajnantor/"> Travel to Chajnantor </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/travel/elt/"> Travel to ELT Armazones </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/"> Visits to ESO Sites <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-44" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/paranal/"> Weekend visits to Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/lasilla/"> Weekend Visits to La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/visitors/alma/"> Public Visits to the ALMA OSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/societal-benefits/"> ESO and Society </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/"> ESO & Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-50" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/eso-and-chile/representation-office-chile/"> ESO Representation Office in Chile </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/architecture/"> Architecture at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/collaborations/"> Collaborations with ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/acronyms/"> ESO Acronyms </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/timeline/"> Timeline </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/green/"> Green ESO </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/"> Frequently Asked Questions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-57" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso/"> ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-vlt-paranal/"> VLT/Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/"> APEX/ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-survey-telescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://elt.eso.org/about/faq/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/privileges_and_immunities/"> Privileges and Immunities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/faq/faq-eso-australia/"> ESO & Australia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/"> Dark skies preservation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/"> Terms and Conditions </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/">Images<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-67" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-69" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/360pano/ "> 360 Panorama </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/chile/"> Chile </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/eso-supernova/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/illustrations/"> Illustrations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/peopleandevents/"> People and Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/comparisons/"> Image Comparisons </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/imageformats/"> Image Formats </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/"> Picture of the Week <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-94" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2022/"> 2022 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/top100/"> Top 100 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-111" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://cdn.eso.org/images/top100-large.zip"> Large JPG Zip File (3.5 GB) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://cdn.eso.org/images/top100-original.zip"> Original TIF Zip File (50 GB) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Images and Videos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/wallpapers/"> Wallpapers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/zoomable/"> Zoomable </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/">Videos<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-117" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/search/"> Advanced Search </a></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Categories <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-119" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/featuremovies/"> Feature Movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/fulldome/"> Fulldome </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxies/"> Galaxies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/galaxyclusters/"> Galaxy Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/lasilla/"> La Silla </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/nebulae/"> Nebulae </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/paranal/"> Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/premises/"> Premises </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/blackholes/"> Quasars and Black Holes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/solarsystem/"> Solar System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/starclusters/"> Star Clusters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/stars/"> Stars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/vnr/"> Video News Releases </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Usage of ESO Videos and Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/videoformats/"> Video Formats </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/">News<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-144" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/"> Press Releases <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-145" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2021-2030 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-146" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2022/"> 2022 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2011–2020 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-149" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 2001–2010 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-160" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2008/"> 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2007/"> 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2006/"> 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2005/"> 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2004/"> 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2003/"> 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2002/"> 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2001/"> 2001 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1991–2000 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-171" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/2000/"> 2000 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1999/"> 1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1998/"> 1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1997/"> 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1996/"> 1996 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1995/"> 1995 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1994/"> 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1993/"> 1993 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1992/"> 1992 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1991/"> 1991 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> 1985–1990 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-182" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1990/"> 1990 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1989/"> 1989 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1988/"> 1988 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1987/"> 1987 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1986/"> 1986 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/year/1985/"> 1985 </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/"> Announcements <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-189" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2022/"> 2022 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2021/"> 2021 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2020/"> 2020 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2019/"> 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2018/"> 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2017/"> 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2016/"> 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2015/"> 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2014/"> 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2013/"> 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2012/"> 2012 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2011/"> 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/archive/year/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/starsateso/"> Stars@ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/webupdates/"> New on eso.org </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/"> Press Room <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-206" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/broadcast/"> Broadcast Services </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/pressmedia/mediavisits/"> Media Visits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/copyright/"> Copyright Notice </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/"> ESO Newsletters <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-210" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/esonews/"> ESO News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/newsletters/outreach/"> ESO Outreach Community Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/newsletter/"> ESO Science Newsletter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/#2"> ESO Media Newsletter </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/presscoverage/"> Press Coverage </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/">ESOshop<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-216" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/"> Shop Products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-217" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/annualreport/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/book/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/brochure/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/calendar/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/capjournal/"> CAPjournals </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/conferenceitem/"> Conferences </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/donation/"> Donations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/media/"> DVDs/Bluray/CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/educationalmaterial/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/supernovaactivity/"> ESO Supernova Activities </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/flyer/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/handout/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/map/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/messenger/"> Messengers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/mountedimage/"> Mounted Images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/postcard/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/printedposter/"> Posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/technicaldocument/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/category/sticker/"> Stickers </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/cart/"> View shopping cart </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/checkout/"> Checkout </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Information <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-241" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/bulk_orders/"> Bulk Orders </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/"> Purchasing Steps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/payment/"> Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shipping/"> Shipping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/shopstaff/"> Staff Shopping </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shopinfo/terms/"> Terms & Conditions </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/freeorder/"> Free Orders for Educators and Media </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/">Telescopes & Instruments<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-249" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/"> Paranal Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-250" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-251" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-252" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/"> CRIRES+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-274" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlti/"> VLT Interferometer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-279" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-289" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-302" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-303" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-312" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-333" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-337" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-356" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-359" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-362" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-365" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-368" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-380" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/concerto/"> CONCERTO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-396" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-403" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/polarimetry/"> Polarimetry </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-411" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-418" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-420" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/?search=%23MeetESO"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-431" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-442" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-448" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> Movie </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/book/"> Book </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/reviews/"> Reviews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/bios/"> Bios </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/offers/"> Purchase Offers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/press/"> For the Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/contact/"> Contact Us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years-in-chile/"> 50 years of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-458" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-469" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-488" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-492" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/catch-a-star/"> Catch a Star </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-498" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-501" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/music-ambassadors/"> ESO Music Ambassadors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/first-picture-of-a-black-hole/blog/"> Taking the First Picture of a Black Hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/communication-resources/"> Astronomy Communication Resources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/gems/"> Cosmic Gems </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/social/"> Social Media </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/"> Ultra HD Expedition <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-514" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/team/"> Meet our Heroes </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/journey/"> Journey Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/equipment/"> Equipment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/technology-partners/"> Technology Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/ultra-high-definition/blog/"> Blog </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/for_planetariums/"> For Planetariums </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/webcams/"> Webcams </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/your_eso_pictures/"> Your ESO Pictures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/astroprize/"> European Astronomy Journalism Prize </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/"> Hidden Treasures <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-524" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/rules/"> Hidden Treasures Rules </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/instructions/"> Hidden Treasures Instructions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/hiddentreasures/science_archive/"> Hidden Treasures Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.flickr.com/groups/esohiddentreasures/"> Flickr Upload </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/"> Our Team <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-529" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/department/students/"> Students and Visitors </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://supernova.eso.org/join-us/"> Join us </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://supernova.eso.org/"> ESO Supernova </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/art/"> Art at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/data2dome/"> Data2Dome </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/blog/"> ESOblog </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/">Products<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-536" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Audiovisual and multimedia <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-537" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/models3d/"> 3D models </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/applications/"> Apps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/media/"> DVDs and CDs </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/imaxfilms/"> IMAX movies </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/minisites/"> Mini-sites </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/music/"> Music </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/planetariumshows/"> Planetarium shows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presentations/"> Presentations </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualbackgrounds/"> Virtual Backgrounds </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualtours/"> Virtual Tours </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Periodicals <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-548" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/messengers/"> Messenger </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/capjournals/"> CAPjournal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/schools/"> Science in School </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Print products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-552" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/annualreports/"> Annual Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/books/"> Books </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/brochures/"> Brochures </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/bulletins/"> Bulletins </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/calendars/"> Calendars </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/conf_posters/"> Conference posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/flyers/"> Flyers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/handouts/"> Handouts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/maps/"> Maps </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/presskits/"> Press kits </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/reports/"> Reports </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/postcards/"> Postcards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stickers/"> Stickers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/print_posters/"> Printed posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/papermodels/"> Paper models </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-568" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/merchandise/"> Merchandise </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/apparel/"> Apparel </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/mountedimages/"> Mounted images </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/stationery/"> Stationery </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a class="no-link children" href="#"> Electronic products <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-573" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/electroniccards/"> Electronic cards </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/elec_posters/"> Electronic posters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/epublications/"> ePublications </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/virtualbackgrounds/"> Virtual Backgrounds </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/exhibitions/"> Exhibition material </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/products/logos/"> Logos </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/shop/"> Order in ESOshop </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/">Business@ESO<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-582" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/cp.html"> Procurement at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/industry/events/"> Industry Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/"> Technology Transfer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-585" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/technology-developed-by-industry-or-institutes/"> Technology Developed by Industries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/develeso/"> Novel technologies by ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/techtrans/developments/"> ESO know-how </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/"> Future Projects <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-589" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/projects/elt/"> Working with the ELT </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety.html"> Safety <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-591" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/emergency.html"> Emergency & Evacuation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/traffic.html"> Traffic & Parking at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/safety/contractors.html"> Contractors at ESO </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/industry/contact/"> Contact Information </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://recruitment.eso.org/">Career Opportunities<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-596" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://recruitment.eso.org/"> Recruitment </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/"> Employment Conditions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-598" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/intstaff/"> International Staff Members </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/localstaff/"> Local Staff Members (Spanish / English) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/fellows/"> Fellows </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/students/"> Students </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/conditions/paidassoc/"> Paid Associates </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/working-at-eso/"> Working at ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/other-information/"> Other Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/jobs/how_to_use/"> How to use this site </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="content" class=""> <div id="eso-side-logo"> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/"> <div data-spy="affix" class="affix"> <div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>Dutch Involvement with ESO</h1> <p>The Netherlands was one of the founding members of ESO, in 1964.</p> <p>The Netherlands currently contributes 5.18% of ESO’s revenue, worth 8 414 000 EUR.</p> <h3 dir="ltr">Discoveries by Dutch astronomers using ESO telescopes</h3> <p dir="ltr">The Netherlands has lead and contributed towards a considerable amount of astronomical discoveries with the use of ESO telescopes in the past few years.</p> <ul> <li>In November 2015, Karina Caputi at the University of Groningen led an international team in the search for the youngest massive galaxies in the Universe. They used <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/surveytelescopes/vista/">VISTA </a>to survey the sky at near-infrared wavelengths, and made a census of faint galaxies when the age of the Universe was between 0.75 and 2.1 billion years old. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1545/">eso1545</a>)</li> <li>In December 2015, Nienke van der Marel at Leiden University led an international team in the study of transitional discs. Using the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/unitedkingdom/teles-instr/alma/">Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array</a> (ALMA), they were able to map the gas and dust around four young stars, better than ever before. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1549/">eso1549</a>)</li> <li>In June 2016, Catherine Walsh at Leiden Observatory led an international team to make the first detections of methanol in a planet-forming disc. The organic molecule was found with ALMA. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1619/">eso1619</a>)</li> <li>In November 2016, Jos de Boer and Christian Ginski of Leiden Observatory, and Tomas Stolker of the Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy all led teams in the study of protoplanetary discs. The three teams used the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/">SPHERE</a> instrument on ESO’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/paranal/">Very Large Telescope</a> (VLT), revealing a multitude of different discs. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1640/">eso1640</a>)</li> <li>In December 2016, Massimo Viola at the Leiden Observatory co-led a team consisting of many Dutch astronomers and other international scientists. ESO’s <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/">VLT Survey Telescope</a> (VST) was used to make a survey of millions of galaxies which showed that dark matter may be smoother that we originally anticipated. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1642/">eso1642</a>)</li> </ul> <ul> </ul> <h3 dir="ltr">Number of Dutch astronomers and staff working at ESO</h3> <p dir="ltr">There are currently sixteen Dutch nationals employed at ESO or working as students. Fourteen are in Garching and two are in Santiago, Chile.</p> <h3 dir="ltr">Dutch contributions to the La Silla Observatory</h3> <p dir="ltr">Between the years of 1979 and 2006, the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/">Dutch 0.9-metre telescope</a> was installed at La Silla, and contributed towards different discoveries. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/search/?adv=&facility=47">press releases</a>)</p> <p dir="ltr">Built and operated by Leiden University, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/">MASCARA</a> (the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA) is a planet-hunting instrument that consists of two individual stations, one operating in each hemisphere. The second station lies in the south and takes advantage of the excellent observing conditions at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in Chile. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16041/">ann16041</a>)</p> <p dir="ltr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/">BlackGEM</a> is a wide-field array of optical telescopes comprising initially of 3 telescopes, with the aim to expand to 15. It is jointly developed by Radboud University, the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), and the KU Leuven. The array is largely robotic and remotely controlled from Radboud University.</p> <h3 dir="ltr">Dutch contributions to the Paranal Observatory</h3> <p dir="ltr">The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) developed and built the Optical Tube Assemblies for the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/">Four Laser Guide Star Facility</a> (4LSGF) on the VLT. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann12012/">ann12012</a>)</p> <p dir="ltr">The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/">OmegaCAM</a> is mounted on the VST, and is made up of 32 individual CCDs arranged in a mosaic. It was built by a large consortium consisting of institutes based in Germany, Italy, ESO and led by the Netherlands (NOVA, Kapteyn Instituut, and OmegaCEN). (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1119/">eso1119</a>)</p> <h3 dir="ltr">Dutch contributions to the ELT</h3> <p dir="ltr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/metis/">METIS</a>, the Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph, is led by NOVA (Leiden Observatory and ASTRON) and built by a consortium of many other European countries. The powerful spectrograph will allow studies of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, from exoplanet atmospheres to distant or active galaxies. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15073/">ann15073</a>)</p> <p dir="ltr">The contract to design and produce the qualification models for the segment support and related auxiliary equipment for the Primary Mirror have been contracted to the VDL Groep. The contract will run for 30 months initially, consisting of preliminary and detailed design phases followed by producing engineering models, then testing. (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15003/">ann15003</a>)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220309083209/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20220309083209cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20220309083209js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.6ae27c5f7b90.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/&text=Dutch Involvement with ESO&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/&media=&description=Dutch Involvement with ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083209/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — Dutch Involvement with ESO&body=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/memberstates/dutchinvolvement/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="h65L4P3NJkcTgVxOuXcoZNo8xf4BZaxk5nN4oEUxVPcvFYmZvGqhwiraqUOLNlBg"/> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Dutch Involvement with ESO | ESO