CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913398ba3d9afd83',cH: 'bYmyFlbNsqqzYlGgmQrKUFZqxE5Ey5cRxokgnN9UbmU-1739772440-1.2.1.1-2WOh7hw71hjL84uBWVlwPSqdRYF70teKGdAm3gRTBf1jFlSSNni7NPJWAc54DcqO',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=magnetocaloric%20effect&__cf_chl_tk=9roXPFER1qcBRwcyIhFaHrynxRbR_TKjMmgnS0HRqc4-1739772440-1.0.1.1-XUoHrkgTRVFme7YiFnsQrrM0n.0a.ANt8tYEKaCbNSw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772440',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=magnetocaloric%20effect&__cf_chl_f_tk=9roXPFER1qcBRwcyIhFaHrynxRbR_TKjMmgnS0HRqc4-1739772440-1.0.1.1-XUoHrkgTRVFme7YiFnsQrrM0n.0a.ANt8tYEKaCbNSw",md: "xovWTioZd6e.XrvQZZMdpQdOyiFk.tBfOtxrAUhDCVI-1739772440-1.2.1.1-uVxc29VDjDMbszaywedzGzjQS8bJWuQoIHnWIMM3nWE9piDjjwcMTG42yUTR7ZO9E9c09YyWbivCxBl9gRWHSAA881mJ5oK8p2ycTG_42Np4P9GIR0WYrNsxTtufZ4gWu0K4ppuDPV1NXkVPBN1lUDJHnclep8Nmqc1Ei1DnfuXfhGVSbRd6j_Q5d9hDMVuNBc1mnOJgJI0RFzEHKUFUK9yxmU6yHlh5GFqXDp8GTRWQs7C4N2scTH6GtGO3ROCOUYbxHqPDB.4VWafe4Vad_TVVCNBP3YSEpbWiLLEtWATKP_p_lb6UstYHpeLrswjnJ1Qx31f_gVEoiR8wW5W45_nq9swFZW8AgXJKQk6EE1Px5Qv2cnDoVAPKc7oIuN0QemSLMEVrwIUSuTanhsXHRcV5PV6SebUHAngbfDXYYg_PvEPPW2a6i2yI.Uss3XFAllQBpHa22Y57D94jEfSiVNsQNQF8As4yN6M18EB84vjmHUxudj53Y7d6HVK4_CpHRqaD58fsUFgOPW5bSOOZLDz3mzektLVKAtJGS7nG5MioKcSwQK0OOwWQcwk9RzT1Y_yVHGykpIiq6IoJdTq1YV0yEgqn6msKGnCv7TmzvqiKximdRwphE2Bb7k7ZsadHbgbkRq_anfJQuGVWIaFavR.CLQ6bgH1BQv0vOIm1scseSoc0Zd95FPFGTq9DGqzJwMjKtPd9ZNDPCQXidFupw9NS8IsYcpCaZ5bU6u8cdIFzLt8hxpYy_5XLr.kO03AdtqZIRHeigtp__a83cdVJGv9vTvqYn9pF8sCvW5tPmE.46guPCwBCuOsms3cZtN5kExSbKH19rDrubLalIsSyqww6ZFba7bu.bWGryRUTAl1G61igPjdUEWsDiuHQX0UqnLVs0rTL4iv3fUhH8pqbINMGv7nVUS8lYB_YB74lz_GbgdPF2ZuLjYOD8XoAap1WlALMGV63DFQDuey_xCuw36Y6PYJ7NYmsZnnuVpIhdzzltRfVmvfQDZZrc5SMGYyGb0gnAQC._ib6n3LwN0yNENXg4fO57NP0uqRP.H819Kuy03pTMm44INXBRsaMeC5iMxTq_su1yqOyZySrh.Rd7vURtKaVpEcgW9cV0BwSqb.7y7q3Ek_NIE__KgqYWMj1IhR50bg92FzAWK7dv9pEiEHheu0W0q.MfX7XWrHhfFIuHuBCV8H32z0WS2_HwzTODxK8.xvC3BZqtelvIYqSBRsuoxvtTRQfoLVyfqPWl4SvZzgCIeralxw3OXNmN7adJmMZ4fl7V.rtwSVPpw5H6_alqbstWSi0ys.GTIcNlJUoCR6PEpZkMhk_jX4jm.1ziKGfLskId2WL0kbYRm8a0sXwSd78T4ZyJMQZObEelclI6xRNbhfyxRASSP8ZMlJ6GDxQ52A0.crCylQzk7AcEdVsn3YW4UhwR4kWYg7AKJrJmWnlqy7hiQnelviOo7DDWBaK_7fXerg_mlTj.Ve7kSgigL3O9Y2blKsjpmq7e_YXOIXUzGi4P72OVZAnCLJovlbylBfrPUKe.LYBi7t1GoAsX_C5Lu4Sray5kQ8MMSYp6OESSPIfA4SYun0VEaa_.ubCDOIC8ntdNwXb.KFb0JV_zmuod5lJfTnmE__4evGmY8eLsjq4Ieu7v0iqonxN75QhmcSYXtQ4zPvCgRhbVHTGXVIKxEcYEORlXH0eX8LrFSCG6V6.aNlnotno8zvibw0jW_s03YSHQw6KE6e3.F4Fb5aaq3gMozwLsW4njzlBGNiYbzLebsMHsf8o2JP.xxRXpc3XGuMAMEP781dXh6Jy6r92qQ5vteTFbWIhb2Q4g1hCmotnZev29RuI8GHenDgBN8scwFo0e1PAPQzrPb58FRkyFqO4C1QliT1j16_CoT6hfjTbeFLwb9mytfqK3ykJiiTEqdn3g7YzugVIy9WO5ZPVJU3OHSW4Ocvr6aFUukBkf6dfNt10vJEOzwFw",mdrd: "3UzLm9kBg6.qyWu96g5fWO3JC7uiSEQ.vFXCMS695XE-1739772440-1.2.1.1-P3YUXoBnIIEDeyCU11DJs4Eb5PDnTP5txVgNt5sRFM2.hBA.FoiDhoRFiW0PBY315OOl9ur_QwFi_B9cM6wTb.ddRfh5EpuXF8LcHYR99DnJFM3rR0tpbzDmo2FMsw38RR9hjvPVTlDenSlUCv.hy6.NNbOADCTjMJVncVp1UpXl0A465jaOBf7GgQ5_XAynHf4aGT_xB20DZrHb850YLfZeeXF7M.hb9G_4jBUMbY4UD9Tb00GjGc1pyZaNTEx5ytS7AZtn5JVW5wLDwrKihytNcuZbsA7HRnlwNTtY0NISLi47WcglxdE.TGZpzJWFjQawSzQdn1T6BcgSpdwpfDXVafjcQ_m6QgQ9jxMxIRxoyM0C5.QvnNbjpQrjFVr2kpygNDMghUvfShln9JGx75oVlb0VV7cuOpKqxR3A48qmek2FYF845xJ4hBcyzzE0FWIZRiv80dlwck.iQQIt8H_cB7lby9.Z_J3BlI5mVoOUB_fmFBlQ5iwa5hRXsWK97RVGW_H.5H44DW4CfxoPqEhoNPurCVLyuVqbCwVIjfujQyt9yRQZEBAyQh5jtAdQH6Bq_H2HUKdeG8_caSkV_TcI63QtLcgH7PACjiI6ur9WkmO5rSQnHmwzrr8ctKJGeVkXJx6g6eHTkJ2bTeWgmFTTRLPpuOOvCHip3YO9isAuZAGR0sm48jh_iGhHeGx.buzFNJ7iEO5O8miinWg3JAtdyOJMfuYP6EDWZG6menDTt6oVb42OxWHhZS_XkntcBU3fKeZL6dcque6B8coOzOYxg43xk2suNt_CUuoVTKXXMDnKi2kOnGnojUGIvBZ_QMLiojneXmBpU5ZCZwau5zl3VCJpzIdzUao0ZUJazsHfqUh8m3dE_.rVMezSxMOlXRx3A51DtZQoea_IC9J28bv5PjunrkJHIC5MRCUFiMqs0NG6vsB8lsTh0jkLoTGD6aSu2ulZBfmryPVb.80nVKVgwOyj_48B5.cAQzc4kTeCqEp9MYf8rXZL._X7SmazVGOLHpB4fXUE8Cb_XYPk9xrNjl9uuNwzPEuc7RupQih0EvpPmpNuWmJGrDMp9wpRNyotOjtQEtVRQHbq7hI8RrQKe9pZrlbs8tRO1v7hp3s5gvBOU5C66aiyOQcedKGSbkW.nRyP3LaIhMK.QNqTnpl1uKnuLISNrfRjV_KPLZEqu7QN3Rs1m3W1Laf8kKdSXWkAhHMvT5UQoesfI_Hq4JegBGrmXEF0KJ4elQZvVhZVpfgi0z32SFTCHedEBe2vH_sSV47pT1MVbWf0zJISvPs41dUKOQrvl7qW7sWFalYYPVPg0jBqoGwmjwQeOQIUd.OIRr.FTCSWCFqT9xoxlPJ.mSB1CTK9cz15ZMdGq1wEvcRhHyYiG_brAwEqDe4Z74PbthWra4AElKu_0M_Iwp1HrGPDNZGXzWre9hr36Hau.FTwaMxmP569BlXomTekgTilm.SN9aH56_Y4UZ3Nf0pSzKzqhdfPoeavMFfgtGVWctj86D4rLKdp.Z.FvTLpd1KQfYcAH6SSTDGstRW49sUxa7OIK8j49Zt.6AhQS1xfx.BbWdBTa8lerJk4iIQoSpftsPZTASa4KZfxQO0Z5Z_Qqp_ttujvR9nQmL4hAC7P9AsZ9_X8GR_bI508Wl9Fvdn1i_U6X7hUMLaVrt0nHDi4sZ7JviZJeJMcLb09ucYhA1gRVQwhkkdr67PCKKOjXKL9195Da00AD7kYlOmfwiJlaRNHcNMXhEbNZ4eDrZ3qPjvWk.JLA1HrTWzZt.GrmHHKkCFc7s1Xy6lRmPbR1YRyfjKv2c1lgzITjhpqw5obKy5MTQudzWhsjyGfXk3fUXjnOFZH469PVW2Xkm1hnXYZJgvOPSQh1bxiN6hru086uub8wvQ43DV9SrDjlCRSOUKFsxp4KrlUlqxD6FGNLQJsGI9U2nQ5yXluzHzrcZw8VbEaXKU7CDwev09zrSWP"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913398ba3d9afd83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=magnetocaloric%20effect&__cf_chl_rt_tk=9roXPFER1qcBRwcyIhFaHrynxRbR_TKjMmgnS0HRqc4-1739772440-1.0.1.1-XUoHrkgTRVFme7YiFnsQrrM0n.0a.ANt8tYEKaCbNSw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>