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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/35px-Broom_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/53px-Broom_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Broom_icon.svg/70px-Broom_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></span></span> </div> </div> <div class="mbox-text"> <b>Ten artykuł należy dopracować<span class="hide-when-compact">:</span></b> <div class="hide-when-compact"> <i>→ <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pomoc:Styl_%E2%80%93_poradnik_dla_autor%C3%B3w?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pomoc:Styl – poradnik dla autorów">poprawić styl – powinien być encyklopedyczny</a>.</i><br><span style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size:80%">Dokładniejsze informacje o tym, co należy poprawić, być może znajdują się w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dyskusja:Sie%C4%87_semantyczna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dyskusja:Sieć semantyczna">dyskusji tego artykułu</a>.</span><br><span style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size:80%"> Po wyeliminowaniu niedoskonałości należy usunąć szablon <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Szablon:Dopracowa%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Szablon:Dopracować">{{Dopracować}}</a> z tego artykułu.</span> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Sieć semantyczna</b> (<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">Semantic Web</em>) – projekt, który ma przyczynić się do utworzenia i rozpowszechnienia <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard">standardów</a> opisywania treści w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internecie</a> w sposób, który umożliwi maszynom i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Program_komputerowy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Program komputerowy">programom</a> (np. tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agent_(programowanie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agent (programowanie)">agentom</a>) przetwarzanie informacji w sposób odpowiedni do ich znaczenia. Wśród standardów sieci semantycznych znajdują się m.in. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a>, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RDF_Schema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RDF Schema">RDF Schema</a> (inaczej RDFS). Znaczenia zasobów informacyjnych określa się za pomocą tzw. <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ontologia_(informatyka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ontologia (informatyka)">ontologii</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plik:Rdf-graph2.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Rdf-graph2.png/220px-Rdf-graph2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Rdf-graph2.png/330px-Rdf-graph2.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Rdf-graph2.png/440px-Rdf-graph2.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="322"></a> <figcaption> Przykładowy diagram sieci semantycznej stosu </figcaption> </figure> <p>Sieć semantyczna jest wizją <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tima Bernersa-Lee</a> (twórcy standardu <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Wide_Web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Wide Web">WWW</a> i pierwszej przeglądarki internetowej, a także przewodniczącego <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>). W swoich założeniach sieć semantyczna ma korzystać z istniejącego protokołu komunikacyjnego, na którym bazuje dzisiejszy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Różnica miałaby polegać na tym, że przesyłane dane mogłyby być ‘rozumiane’ także przez maszyny. Owo ‘rozumienie’ polegałoby na tym, że dane przekazywane byłyby w postaci, w której można by powiązać ich znaczenia między sobą, a także w ramach odpowiedniego kontekstu.</p> <p>Informacje przekazywane w ramach sieci semantycznej wymagałyby nie tylko samych <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dane">danych</a>, ale także informacji o tychże (tzw. meta-danych). To właśnie meta-dane zawierałyby sformułowania dotyczące relacji między danymi oraz prawa logiki, które można do nich zastosować. Dzięki temu można by:</p> <ul> <li>powiązać różne dane znajdujące się w <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internecie</a> w ramach wspólnych jednostek znaczeniowych (np. strony dotyczące filmów, dziedzin nauki, kuchni francuskiej, etc.)</li> <li>rozróżnić dane, które dla maszyn są w tej chwili nierozróżnialne ze względu na identyczny zapis tekstowy (np. zamek – urządzenie do zamykania drzwi; urządzenie do łączenia w ustalonym położeniu elementów ubrania; okazała budowla mieszkalno-obronna)</li> <li>przeprowadzać na tychże danych wnioskowania, tzn. otrzymywać informacje na ich temat, które nie są zawarte <i><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Explicite&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Explicite (strona nie istnieje)">explicite</a></i> (np. na podstawie danej „Ewa jest żoną Adama”, możemy też dowiedzieć się, że Ewa jest kobietą, Adam mężczyzną, Adam jest mężem Ewy, żaden inny mężczyzna nie jest mężem Ewy, etc.)</li> </ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Spis treści</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Techniczne_podstawy_sieci_semantycznych"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Techniczne podstawy sieci semantycznych</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unicode"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Unicode</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#URI"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">URI</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#XML_i_XML_Schema"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">XML i XML Schema</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#RDF_i_RDF_Schema"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">RDF i RDF Schema</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#OWL"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">OWL</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mechanizmy_wnioskowania"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Mechanizmy wnioskowania</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mechanizmy_certyfikacji_i_zaufania"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Mechanizmy certyfikacji i zaufania</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Korzy%C5%9Bci_z_takiej_reprezentacji_wiedzy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Korzyści z takiej reprezentacji wiedzy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zobacz_te%C5%BC"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Zobacz też</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantyczna_sie%C4%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linki_zewn%C4%99trzne"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Linki zewnętrzne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Techniczne_podstawy_sieci_semantycznych">Techniczne podstawy sieci semantycznych</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Techniczne podstawy sieci semantycznych" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Semantic Web zbudowany ma być na bazie już istniejących, wykorzystywanych i sprawdzonych <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Standard_internetowy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Standard internetowy (strona nie istnieje)">standardów internetowych</a>, nadbudowanych przez kilka kolejnych standardów. Ponieważ każdy kolejny standard nakłada się na kolejny, dotycząc innego poziomu abstrakcji, toteż ochrzczone zostały one mianem ‘warstwowego placka’ (ang. layer cake). Inne popularne ich określenie to ‘semantyczny stos’ (ang. semantic stack).</p> <p>Kolejne warstwy placka prezentują się następująco (od dołu):</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XML">XML</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XML_Schema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XML Schema">XML Schema</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> i <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RDF_Schema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RDF Schema">RDF Schema</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li>mechanizmy wnioskowania</li> <li>mechanizmy certyfikacji i zaufania</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Unicode" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> jest standardem pozwalającym na wyrażenie w języku maszyn dowolnego znaku pisanego, dowolnego języka znanego na Ziemi. Standard ten rozwiązuje problem niedogodności związanych z prymatem w świecie komputerów podstawowego alfabetu łacińskiego</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="URI">URI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: URI" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a> jest standardem zapewniającym unikatowość <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zasoby_internetowe&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zasoby internetowe (strona nie istnieje)">zasobów internetowych</a>. Ponieważ wszystkie dane przesyłane w ramach Semantic Web będą zasobami internetowymi, będą one wymagały także określenia dla nich identyfikatora. Identyfikator będzie mógł składać się właśnie z zestawu znaków <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="XML_i_XML_Schema">XML i XML Schema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: XML i XML Schema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XML">XML</a> jest standardem pozwalającym w ogólności na zapis danych.</p> <p>Schematy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XML">XML</a> wprowadzają ograniczenia dotyczące typu i struktury danych. Zachowanie typu i struktury daje gwarancję, że dane XML są poprawne w sensie syntaktycznym (np. w polu, w którym oczekujemy wartości liczbowej, wartość taka się pojawi)</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="RDF_i_RDF_Schema">RDF i RDF Schema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: RDF i RDF Schema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> jest standardem, który pozwala na zapis danych w postaci grafu skierowanego. W grafie tym dane zawarte są w wierzchołkach a relacje pomiędzy nimi i własności tychże znajdują się w krawędziach.</p> <p>Schematy <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RDF_Schema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RDF Schema">RDF</a> wprowadzają do grafów takie pojęcia jak klasy i podklasy, pozwalające na wspólne grupowanie danych mających cechy wspólne. Dowolna dana może znajdować się w wielu klasach.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="OWL">OWL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: OWL" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a> jest standardem pozwalającym na definiowanie klas na podstawie własności danych, a także na definiowanie logicznych charakterystyk relacji. OWL jest więc standardem formalnie zapisującym <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ontologia_(informatyka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ontologia (informatyka)">ontologię</a>.</p> <p><b>Przykład:</b></p> <p>Mając daną klasę ‘Człowiek’, a także posiadając w jej zbiorze relację ‘jest mężem’, chcielibyśmy określić klasę ‘Małżonek’ (<i>dla czytelności przykładu, uznajemy definicję męża zgodną z polskim stanem prawnym</i>).</p> <p>Otóż małżonkiem jest zarówno dana, której podmiotem jest relacja ‘jest mężem’, jak i dana, której przedmiotem jest dana relacja (w języku <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graf_(matematyka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graf (matematyka)">grafów</a>: małżonkiem jest wierzchołek grafu, z którego wychodzi krawędź ‘jest mężem’, jak i wierzchołek, do którego taka krawędź wchodzi).</p> <p>Relację ‘jest mężem’ możemy też dość dokładnie określić. Jest to relacja funkcjonalna (tzn. że każdy podmiot, którego dotyczy ta relacja, ma co najwyżej jeden przedmiot). Jest ona też odwrotnie funkcjonalna (przedmiot tej relacji ma co najwyżej jeden podmiot). Nie jest ona przechodnia (tzn. nie ma takiej własności, że jeśli A jest mężem B a B jest mężem C to A jest mężem C), posiada natomiast relację odwrotną. Tą relacją jest ‘jest żoną’ (każdy A, który jest mężem B będzie spełniać następującą relację: B jest żoną A).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mechanizmy_wnioskowania">Mechanizmy wnioskowania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Mechanizmy wnioskowania" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Język <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a> pozwala na definiowanie zależności między danymi, dzięki czemu można przeprowadzać wnioskowanie. Jednakże osobną sprawą jest przygotowanie odpowiednich mechanizmów, które takie wnioskowanie przeprowadzą poprawnie, a jednocześnie w odpowiednio szybkim czasie. Program, przeprowadzający wnioskowanie nosi miano ‘<a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reasoner&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reasoner (strona nie istnieje)">reasonera</a>’ (brak polskiego odpowiednika – w wolnym tłumaczeniu ‘wnioskujący’). W tej chwili zaawansowanie techniczne reasonerów jest wciąż ograniczone i przeprowadzanie wnioskowań nawet na nieskomplikowanych ontologiach trwa zbyt długo jak na uwarunkowania <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internetu</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mechanizmy_certyfikacji_i_zaufania">Mechanizmy certyfikacji i zaufania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Mechanizmy certyfikacji i zaufania" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Istnieją w tej chwili w sferze rozważań teoretycznych. Mechanizmy te pozwoliłyby na zestandaryzowanie i rozwiązanie problemów autoryzacji <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/U%C5%BCytkownik_komputera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Użytkownik komputera">użytkowników</a>, identyfikacji ich zasobów, a także określenia praw, na jakich te zasoby są przesyłane i mogą być udostępniane.</p> <p>Koncepcja projektu została opisana m.in. w książce pt. <i><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Semantic_Web_(ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Semantic Web (książka) (strona nie istnieje)">Semantic Web</a></i> autorzy: Michael C. Daconta., Leo Obrst, <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kevin_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kevin Smith">Kevin Smith</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Korzyści_z_takiej_reprezentacji_wiedzy"><span id="Korzy.C5.9Bci_z_takiej_reprezentacji_wiedzy"></span>Korzyści z takiej reprezentacji wiedzy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Korzyści z takiej reprezentacji wiedzy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Dzięki standaryzacji możliwa stanie się swobodna wymiana danych oraz formalizacja i unifikacja dotychczasowej już zelektronizowanej wiedzy. Dzięki dobrze określonym strukturom reprezentacji <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komputer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komputer">komputer</a> będzie mógł w łatwiejszy oraz bardziej trafny sposób wyszukiwać informacji lub nawet wnioskować w poszukiwaniu nowych faktów i powiązań.</p> <p>Wyobraźmy sobie, że szukamy w Internecie informacji o jakiejś konkretnej grupie ludzi. Standardowym zachowaniem jest wpisanie w wyszukiwarkę internetową nazwiska tych osób oraz analiza wyników wyszukiwania pod kątem oceniania czy znaleźliśmy rzeczywiście szukane osoby. Jeśli jednak wyszukujemy w informacjach opisanych siecią semantyczną możemy pytać o osoby wskazując jakiś konkretny, bardzo szczegółowy fakt, np. „dyrektorzy przychodni lekarskich” i w wyniku otrzymamy kompletną listę spełniającą zapytanie.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ontologia_(informatyka)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ontologia (informatyka)">ontologia (informatyka)</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikidane">Wikidane</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FOAF_(format)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FOAF (format)">FOAF</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hakia">hakia</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edytuj</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/">Standard Semantic Web</a> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span> tworzony przez <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919151752/http://semwebcentral.org/">Narzędzia i materiały do pracy z sieciami semantycznymi</a>. semwebcentral.org. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://semwebcentral.org/">tego adresu</a> (2017-09-19)]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20051224001905/http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/blog/4">Blog Tima Bernersa-Lee</a>. dig.csail.mit.edu. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dig.csail.mit.edu/breadcrumbs/blog/4">tego adresu</a> (2005-12-24)]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite> – ma służyć głównie wspieraniu działań na rzecz propagacji technologii Semantic Web.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://semanticmind.eu/">SemanticMind</a> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span> – ciekawy, techniczny blog o rozwoju technologii semantycznych i Web 3.0</li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lccn.loc.gov/sh2002000569">sh2002000569</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4688372-1">4688372-1</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01017771">01017771</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14521343b">14521343b</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id%3D48388">48388</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://aut.nkp.cz/ph222863">ph222863</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action%3Ddisplay%26authority_id%3DXX553987">XX553987</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007566353105171">987007566353105171</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func%3Ddirect%26local_base%3Dlnc10%26doc_number%3D000076707%26P_CON_LNG%3DENG">000076707</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazylijska_Biblioteka_Narodowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazylijska Biblioteka Narodowa">BLBNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://acervo.bn.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000080062">000080062</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="normdaten-andere"> <div> <a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>: </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Semantic-Web">topic/Semantic-Web</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%25C3%25A5ng/semantiska-webben">semantiska-webben</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p%3D4342%26url_prefix%3Dhttps://snl.no/%26id%3DDen_semantiske_veven">Den_semantiske_veven</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0522165.xml">0522165</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSie%C4%87_semantyczna%26oldid%3D72974897">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sieć_semantyczna&oldid=72974897</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sie%C4%87_semantyczna&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="PlayerekG123" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1708823586"> <span>Ostatnio edytowano 25 lut 2024 o 02:13</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Języki</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="ويب دلالي – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويب دلالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantik_veb" title="Semantik veb – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Semantik veb" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%2593%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AC" title="সেম্যান্টিক ওয়েব – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেম্যান্টিক ওয়েব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0" title="Семантична мрежа – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семантична мрежа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_sem%25C3%25A0ntic" title="Web semàntic – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Web semàntic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9mantick%25C3%25BD_web" title="Sémantický web – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sémantický web" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantisk_web" title="Semantisk web – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Semantisk web" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Semantic Web" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A3%25CE%25B7%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CF%258C%25CF%2582_%25CE%2599%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Σημασιολογικός Ιστός – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημασιολογικός Ιστός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Semantic Web" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_sem%25C3%25A1ntica" title="Web semántica – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Web semántica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantika_Reto" title="Semantika Reto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semantika Reto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_semantiko" title="Web semantiko – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Web semantiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DB%258C" title="وب معنایی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وب معنایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_s%25C3%25A9mantique" title="Web sémantique – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Web sémantique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_sem%25C3%25A1ntica" title="Web semántica – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Web semántica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%258B%259C%25EB%25A7%25A8%25ED%258B%25B1_%25EC%259B%25B9" title="시맨틱 웹 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시맨틱 웹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_semantik" title="Web semantik – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Web semantik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkingarvefur" title="Merkingarvefur – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Merkingarvefur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_semantico" title="Web semantico – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Web semantico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A9%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A1%25D7%259E%25D7%25A0%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="רשת סמנטית – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשת סמנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantiskais_t%25C4%25ABmeklis" title="Semantiskais tīmeklis – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Semantiskais tīmeklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantinis_tinklas" title="Semantinis tinklas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semantinis tinklas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szemantikus_web" title="Szemantikus web – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szemantikus web" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Семантичка пајажина – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Семантичка пајажина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantisch_web" title="Semantisch web – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Semantisch web" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25BB%25E3%2583%259E%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2586%25E3%2582%25A3%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2582%25A7%25E3%2583%2596" title="セマンティック・ウェブ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セマンティック・ウェブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantisk_web" title="Semantisk web – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semantisk web" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_sem%25C3%25A2ntica" title="Web semântica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Web semântica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Семантическая паутина – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семантическая паутина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semantic Web" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A9mantick%25C3%25BD_web" title="Sémantický web – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sémantický web" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1" title="Семантички веб – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семантички веб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanttinen_Web" title="Semanttinen Web – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Semanttinen Web" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantiska_webben" title="Semantiska webben – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Semantiska webben" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588_3.0" title="வலை 3.0 – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலை 3.0" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="เว็บเชิงความหมาย – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เว็บเชิงความหมาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anlamsal_a%25C4%259F" title="Anlamsal ağ – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anlamsal ağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Семантична павутина – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семантична павутина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B7_%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C" title="رابط معنائی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابط معنائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li 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