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Yu Zhengsheng - Wikipedia

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class="mw-page-title-main">Yu Zhengsheng</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BC_%C4%8Ceng-%C5%A1eng" title="Jü Čeng-šeng – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jü Čeng-šeng" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF" title="یو جنگ شنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یو جنگ شنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%95%EC%84%B1" title="위정성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위정성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AC" title="يو تشنج شنج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يو تشنج شنج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AA%E6%AD%A3%E5%A3%B0" title="兪正声 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="兪正声" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Юй Чжэншэн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Юй Чжэншэн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yu_Zhengsheng" title="Yu Zhengsheng – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yu Zhengsheng" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Ch%C3%ADnh_Thanh" title="Du Chính Thanh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Du Chính Thanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E6%AD%A3%E8%81%B2" title="俞正聲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俞正聲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E6%AD%A3%E8%81%B2" title="俞正聲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俞正聲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%A3%B0" title="俞正声 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俞正声" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Yu_(Chinese_surname_%E4%BF%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu (Chinese surname 俞)">Yu (俞)</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Yu Zhengsheng</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-Hans-CN"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">俞正声</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg/220px-Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg/330px-Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg/440px-Yu_Zhengsheng-20170901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1657" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Yu in 2017</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">8th&#32;<a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 March 2013&#160;–&#32;14 March 2018</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">Vice Chairpersons</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>See list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du_Qinglin" title="Du Qinglin">Du Qinglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ling_Jihua" title="Ling Jihua">Ling Jihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Qide" title="Han Qide">Han Qide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagbalha_Geleg_Namgyai" title="Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai">Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tung_Chee-hwa" title="Tung Chee-hwa">Tung Chee-hwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Gang" title="Wan Gang">Wan Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Wenyi" title="Lin Wenyi">Lin Wenyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Fuhe" title="Luo Fuhe">Luo Fuhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ho" title="Edmund Ho">Edmund Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qingli" title="Zhang Qingli">Zhang Qingli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Haifeng" title="Li Haifeng">Li Haifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Rong" title="Su Rong">Su Rong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yuan" title="Chen Yuan">Chen Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Zhangong" title="Lu Zhangong">Lu Zhangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xiaochuan" title="Zhou Xiaochuan">Zhou Xiaochuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jiarui" title="Wang Jiarui">Wang Jiarui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhengwei" title="Wang Zhengwei">Wang Zhengwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Biao_(politician)" title="Ma Biao (politician)">Ma Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Xuchun" title="Qi Xuchun">Qi Xuchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xiaoguang" title="Chen Xiaoguang">Chen Xiaoguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Peihua" title="Ma Peihua">Ma Peihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaofeng_(politician)" title="Liu Xiaofeng (politician)">Liu Xiaofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qinmin" title="Wang Qinmin">Wang Qinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Secretary-General of the Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">Secretary-General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qingli" title="Zhang Qingli">Zhang Qingli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jia_Qinglin" title="Jia Qinglin">Jia Qinglin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Shanghai">Communist Party Secretary of Shanghai</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 October 2007&#160;–&#32;20 November 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Hubei">Communist Party Secretary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 December 2001&#160;–&#32;27 October 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoguang" title="Zhang Guoguang">Zhang Guoguang</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Luo_Qingquan" title="Luo Qingquan">Luo Qingquan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhuping" title="Jiang Zhuping">Jiang Zhuping</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luo_Qingquan" title="Luo Qingquan">Luo Qingquan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister for Construction</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 March 1998&#160;–&#32;29 December 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hou_Jie" title="Hou Jie">Hou Jie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangtao" title="Wang Guangtao">Wang Guangtao</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">5 April 1945<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtstart bday">1945-04-05</span>)</span> (age&#160;<span class="currentage"></span>79)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan&#39;an">Yan'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhang Zhikai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Huang_Jing" title="Huang Jing">Huang Jing</a><br />Fan Jin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiangsheng" title="Yu Qiangsheng">Yu Qiangsheng</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Military_Engineering_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbin Military Engineering Institute">Harbin Military Engineering Institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2013-03/11/content_2583161.htm">www.gov.cn</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Yu Zhengsheng</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified&#160;Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">俞正声</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional&#160;Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">俞正聲</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yú Zhèngshēng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yu Zhengsheng</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/j/: &#39;y&#39; in &#39;yes&#39;">j</span><span title="/uː/: &#39;oo&#39; in &#39;goose&#39;">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: &#39;j&#39; in &#39;jam&#39;">dʒ</span><span title="/ʌ/: &#39;u&#39; in &#39;cut&#39;">ʌ</span><span title="/ŋ/: &#39;ng&#39; in &#39;sing&#39;">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: &#39;sh&#39; in &#39;shy&#39;">ʃ</span><span title="/ʌ/: &#39;u&#39; in &#39;cut&#39;">ʌ</span><span title="/ŋ/: &#39;ng&#39; in &#39;sing&#39;">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh-Hans">俞正声</span>; born 5<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> April 1945) is a retired Chinese politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> (CPPCC) from March 2013 to 2018. Between 2012 and 2017, Yu was the fourth-ranking member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a>. </p><p>Prior to coming to prominence nationally, Yu served as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Communist Party Secretary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, and Party Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, one of China's most important regional offices. Yu became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> in November 2002. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yu Zhengsheng was born in the communist revolutionary heartland of <a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan&#39;an">Yan'an</a> in 1945, the son of <a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiwei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu Qiwei">Yu Qiwei</a> (better known as Huang Jing), a Communist revolutionary, and Fan Jin, a frontline journalist. Yu's family was originally from <a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a>, Zhejiang province. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harbin_Military_Academy_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbin Military Academy of Engineering">Harbin Military Academy of Engineering</a> specializing in the design of automated <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missiles</a>. In December 1968 he was sent to work in <a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a>, Hebei. Until the mid-1980s his career concentration was in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">electronic engineering</a>. In 1984, he was asked by Deng Xiaoping's son <a href="/wiki/Deng_Pufang" title="Deng Pufang">Deng Pufang</a> to take on a leading role in the Fund for Disabled Persons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, Yu was sent to Shandong to become <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Deputy_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Deputy Committee Secretary">Deputy Party Secretary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> in Shandong province. In 1987 he was named mayor of Yantai at age 42. In 1992, he was named party chief of Qingdao and a member of the Shandong <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Provincial_Standing_Committee" title="Chinese Communist Party Provincial Standing Committee">provincial Party Standing Committee</a>; he was known to have released his salary income, housing situation, and gifts he received on television. </p><p>He failed to secure election to the Central Committee in 1992, subsequently being sent to become Party chief in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. Qingdao was approved as a sub-provincial city in 1997. Yu served as Deputy Minister of Construction when he was recalled back to Beijing in 1997, and a year later promoted to the Minister position. He remained in that position in <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a>'s cabinet from 1998 to 2001. He became a member of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> in November 2002, while serving as the party chief of <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>. Yu was the only Hubei party chief since economic reforms began to hold a seat on the Politburo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shanghai_(2007–2012)"><span id="Shanghai_.282007.E2.80.932012.29"></span>Shanghai (2007–2012)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Shanghai (2007–2012)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/17th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">17th Party Congress</a>, Yu became the party chief in Shanghai, replacing <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>. During his term as party chief, Shanghai experienced below-normal economic growth and a drastic increase in real estate prices; a large influx of migrants from outside the city migrated in search of work, creating tension with locals.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In five urban districts of Shanghai, the population of those with outside <i><a href="/wiki/Hukou" title="Hukou">hukou</a></i> exceeded that of long-term Shanghai residents.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/2010_Shanghai_fire" title="2010 Shanghai fire">major fire of 15 November 2010</a> of a 28-storey high-rise apartment also led to some residents citing mismanagement on the part of Yu.<sup id="cite_ref-10万人火灾现场悼亡灵问责直指俞正声_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10万人火灾现场悼亡灵问责直指俞正声-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a result, Yu has earned a bad reputation from Shanghai residents compare to his predecessors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standing_Committee_(2012–2017)"><span id="Standing_Committee_.282012.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Standing Committee (2012–2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Standing Committee (2012–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 18th Party Congress, Yu was seen as a leading candidate for the Politburo Standing Committee. It was customary for Shanghai party chiefs to enter the Standing Committee after the end of their terms since Jiang Zemin ascended to the Standing Committee in 1989 (the only exception was <a href="/wiki/Chen_Liangyu" title="Chen Liangyu">Chen Liangyu</a>, who was ousted on corruption charges). It was said that Yu edged out <a href="/wiki/Li_Yuanchao" title="Li Yuanchao">Li Yuanchao</a> for membership on the leadership council at the eleventh hour due to internal voting and consultations. Yu ranked fourth on the Standing Committee. On 11 March 2013, at the first session of the <a href="/wiki/12th_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="12th Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">12th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a>, Yu was elected as the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chairman of the Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC chairman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This gave him portfolio of managing Xinjiang and Tibet affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-zuihou_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zuihou-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yu retired from Politburo Standing Committee after <a href="/wiki/19th_National_Congress_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party">19th Party Congress</a> in October 2017 at age of 72, and stepped down as Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference on 14 March 2018, being succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yu is married to Zhang Zhikai (Chinese&#58; <span lang="zh-Hans">张志凯</span>; pinyin&#58; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhāng Zhìkǎi</span></i>), the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhenhuan_(general)" title="Zhang Zhenhuan (general)">Zhang Zhenhuan</a>. They have a son. Yu was said to be friends with former leader <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> and his family, including Deng Xiaoping's son <a href="/wiki/Deng_Pufang" title="Deng Pufang">Deng Pufang</a>. After the senior Deng left politics, Yu was said to have served as his family's proxy within the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-reut_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reut-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He is known to speak without relying on script, and is often called "<i>Lao</i> Yu" by people familiar with him.<sup id="cite_ref-zheng_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zheng-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brother's_defection"><span id="Brother.27s_defection"></span>Brother's defection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Brother&#039;s defection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yu's brother, <a href="/wiki/Yu_Qiangsheng" title="Yu Qiangsheng">Yu Qiangsheng</a>, defected to the United States in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-reut_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reut-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After defecting, Qiangsheng informed the U.S. government that <a href="/wiki/Larry_Wu-tai_Chin" title="Larry Wu-tai Chin">Larry Wu-tai Chin</a>, a retired CIA analyst, was actually a spy for the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121117184515/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/06/19/us-china-party-yu-idUSPEK15174020070619">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=China+princeling+emerges+from+defection+scandal&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft.date=2007-06-19&amp;rft.aulast=Lim&amp;rft.aufirst=Benjamin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-party-yu-idUSPEK15174020070619&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYu+Zhengsheng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zheng-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zheng_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2012-12-24/210825883235.shtml">"俞正声人物特写:每天都会上网看新闻"</a>. 24 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003204648/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2012-12-24/210825883235.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=%E4%BF%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%A3%B0%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%86%99%EF%BC%9A%E6%AF%8F%E5%A4%A9%E9%83%BD%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91%E7%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&amp;rft.date=2012-12-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2012-12-24%2F210825883235.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYu+Zhengsheng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan2012" class="citation news cs1">Sheridan, Michael (4 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/beijing-elite-shaken-by-cia-spy-scandal/story-fnb64oi6-1226381978696">"Beijing elite shaken by CIA spy scandal"</a>. <i>The Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Beijing+elite+shaken+by+CIA+spy+scandal&amp;rft.date=2012-06-04&amp;rft.aulast=Sheridan&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fbeijing-elite-shaken-by-cia-spy-scandal%2Fstory-fnb64oi6-1226381978696&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYu+Zhengsheng" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yu_Zhengsheng&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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Qinglin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_CPPCC_National_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee">Chairman of the National Committee of the <br /> Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> </b><br />2013–2018 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hou_Jie" title="Hou Jie">Hou Jie</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/PRC_Minister_of_Construction" class="mw-redirect" title="PRC Minister of Construction">Minister of Construction</a> </b><br />1998–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangtao" title="Wang Guangtao">Wang Guangtao</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhuping" title="Jiang Zhuping">Jiang Zhuping</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Hubei#Politics" title="Hubei">Communist Party Secretary of Hubei</a> </b><br />2001–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luo_Qingquan" title="Luo Qingquan">Luo Qingquan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanghai#List_of_party_chiefs" title="Politics of Shanghai">Communist Party Secretary of Shanghai</a> </b><br />2007–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> 4th <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of precedence in the People&#39;s Republic of China">Rank of the Chinese Communist Party</a> </b><br /><small>18th <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo Standing Committee">Politburo Standing Committee</a></small> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yunshan" title="Liu Yunshan">Liu Yunshan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2012–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (2012–2017)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/18th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="18th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yu Zhengsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yunshan" title="Liu Yunshan">Liu Yunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gaoli" title="Zhang Gaoli">Zhang Gaoli</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Kai" title="Ma Kai">Ma Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huning" title="Wang Huning">Wang Huning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yandong" title="Liu Yandong">Liu Yandong ♀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qibao" title="Liu Qibao">Liu Qibao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Qiliang" title="Xu Qiliang">Xu Qiliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Chunlan" title="Sun Chunlan">Sun Chunlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Zhengcai" title="Sun Zhengcai">Sun Zhengcai</a> (expelled 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jianguo" title="Li Jianguo">Li Jianguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yuanchao" title="Li Yuanchao">Li Yuanchao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunxian" title="Zhang Chunxian">Zhang Chunxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Changlong" title="Fan Changlong">Fan Changlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Jianzhu" title="Meng Jianzhu">Meng Jianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Leji" title="Zhao Leji">Zhao Leji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Chunhua" title="Hu Chunhua">Hu Chunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhanshu" title="Li Zhanshu">Li Zhanshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Jinlong" title="Guo Jinlong">Guo Jinlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2007–2012)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2007–2012)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (2007–2012)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/17th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Qinglin" title="Jia Qinglin">Jia Qinglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Changchun" title="Li Changchun">Li Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Guoqiang" title="He Guoqiang">He Guoqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Yongkang" title="Zhou Yongkang">Zhou Yongkang</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Gang_(politician)" title="Wang Gang (politician)">Wang Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Lequan" title="Wang Lequan">Wang Lequan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhaoguo" title="Wang Zhaoguo">Wang Zhaoguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Qishan" title="Wang Qishan">Wang Qishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1942)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1942)">Liu Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yunshan" title="Liu Yunshan">Liu Yunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yandong" title="Liu Yandong">Liu Yandong ♀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yuanchao" title="Li Yuanchao">Li Yuanchao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Gaoli" title="Zhang Gaoli">Zhang Gaoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yu Zhengsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Caihou" title="Xu Caihou">Xu Caihou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Boxiong" title="Guo Boxiong">Guo Boxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Xilai" title="Bo Xilai">Bo Xilai</a> (expelled 2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2002–2007)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(2002–2007)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (2002–2007)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/16th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Qinglin" title="Jia Qinglin">Jia Qinglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Qinghong" title="Zeng Qinghong">Zeng Qinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a> (<small>died 2007</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Guanzheng" title="Wu Guanzheng">Wu Guanzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Changchun" title="Li Changchun">Li Changchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Gan" title="Luo Gan">Luo Gan</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><small><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Lequan" title="Wang Lequan">Wang Lequan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhaoguo" title="Wang Zhaoguo">Wang Zhaoguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qi_(politician,_born_1942)" title="Liu Qi (politician, born 1942)">Liu Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yunshan" title="Liu Yunshan">Liu Yunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yi_(politician)" title="Wu Yi (politician)">Wu Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lichang" title="Zhang Lichang">Zhang Lichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dejiang" title="Zhang Dejiang">Zhang Dejiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Liangyu" title="Chen Liangyu">Chen Liangyu</a> (<small>expelled 2006</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Yongkang" title="Zhou Yongkang">Zhou Yongkang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yu Zhengsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Guoqiang" title="He Guoqiang">He Guoqiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Boxiong" title="Guo Boxiong">Guo Boxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Gangchuan" title="Cao Gangchuan">Cao Gangchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Peiyan" title="Zeng Peiyan">Zeng Peiyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate member</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Gang_(politician)" title="Wang Gang (politician)">Wang Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_leaders_of_Shanghai_since_1949" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanghai_leaders" title="Template:Shanghai leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanghai_leaders" title="Template talk:Shanghai leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanghai leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_leaders_of_Shanghai_since_1949" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shanghai" title="Politics of Shanghai">Political leaders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People&#39;s Republic of China">since 1949</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Party Committee<br />Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rao_Shushi" title="Rao Shushi">Rao Shushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Qingshi" title="Ke Qingshi">Ke Qingshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Guodong" title="Chen Guodong">Chen Guodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_Xingwen" title="Rui Xingwen">Rui Xingwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Liangyu" title="Chen Liangyu">Chen Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a> <small>(acting)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yu Zhengsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Jining" title="Chen Jining">Chen Jining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_People%27s_Congress" title="Shanghai Municipal People&#39;s Congress">Congress<br />Chairpersons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Youmin" title="Yan Youmin">Yan Youmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Lijiao" title="Hu Lijiao">Hu Lijiao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ye_Gongqi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ye Gongqi (page does not exist)">Ye Gongqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Tiedi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Tiedi (page does not exist)">Chen Tiedi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gong_Xueping&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gong Xueping (page does not exist)">Gong Xueping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yungeng" title="Liu Yungeng">Liu Yungeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Yicui" title="Yin Yicui">Yin Yicui</a>&#160;♀</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhuoqing" title="Jiang Zhuoqing">Jiang Zhuoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Yunhu" title="Dong Yunhu">Dong Yunhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Lixin" title="Huang Lixin">Huang Lixin</a>&#160;♀</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Shanghai" title="List of mayors of Shanghai">Mayors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(marshal)" title="Chen Yi (marshal)">Chen Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Qingshi" title="Ke Qingshi">Ke Qingshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Diqiu" title="Cao Diqiu">Cao Diqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daohan" title="Wang Daohan">Wang Daohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Kuangdi" title="Xu Kuangdi">Xu Kuangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Liangyu" title="Chen Liangyu">Chen Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Zheng" title="Han Zheng">Han Zheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xiong_(politician)" title="Yang Xiong (politician)">Yang Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_Zheng" title="Gong Zheng">Gong Zheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">Conference</a><br />Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ke_Qingshi" title="Ke Qingshi">Ke Qingshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Chong" title="Peng Chong">Peng Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Yiping&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Yiping (page does not exist)">Wang Yiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Guohao" title="Li Guohao">Li Guohao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Xide" title="Xie Xide">Xie Xide</a>&#160;♀</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Tiedi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Tiedi (page does not exist)">Chen Tiedi</a>&#160;♀</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Liping_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Liping (politician) (page does not exist)">Wang Liping</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiang_Yiren&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiang Yiren (page does not exist)">Jiang Yiren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feng_Guoqin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Feng Guoqin (page does not exist)">Feng Guoqin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Zhiming&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Zhiming (page does not exist)">Wu Zhiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Yunhu" title="Dong Yunhu">Dong Yunhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Wenrong" title="Hu Wenrong">Hu Wenrong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Supervisory_Commission" title="Shanghai Municipal Supervisory Commission">Supervisory</a><br />Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Guoxun" title="Liao Guoxun">Liao Guoxun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Xuexin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Xuexin (page does not exist)">Liu Xuexin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Yangzhe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Yangzhe (page does not exist)">Li Yangzhe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_leaders_of_Hubei_since_1949" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hubei_leaders" title="Template:Hubei leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hubei_leaders" title="Template talk:Hubei leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hubei_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hubei leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_leaders_of_Hubei_since_1949" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Hubei">Political leaders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> since 1949</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party Committee<br />Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhong" title="Wang Renzhong">Wang Renzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Tixue" title="Zhang Tixue">Zhang Tixue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Siyu" title="Zeng Siyu">Zeng Siyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Xinchu" title="Zhao Xinchu">Zhao Xinchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Guangfu" title="Guan Guangfu">Guan Guangfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Zhijie" title="Jia Zhijie">Jia Zhijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhuping" title="Jiang Zhuping">Jiang Zhuping</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yu Zhengsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Qingquan" title="Luo Qingquan">Luo Qingquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Chaoliang" title="Jiang Chaoliang">Jiang Chaoliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Menghui" title="Wang Menghui">Wang Menghui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Congress<br />Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Ningfu" title="Han Ningfu">Han Ningfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Zhizhen" title="Huang Zhizhen">Huang Zhizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Guangfu" title="Guan Guangfu">Guan Guangfu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yu Zhengsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yongliang" title="Yang Yongliang">Yang Yongliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Qingquan" title="Luo Qingquan">Luo Qingquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Chaoliang" title="Jiang Chaoliang">Jiang Chaoliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Yong" title="Ying Yong">Ying Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Menghui" title="Wang Menghui">Wang Menghui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zihou" title="Liu Zihou">Liu Zihou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Tixue" title="Zhang Tixue">Zhang Tixue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Siyu" title="Zeng Siyu">Zeng Siyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Xinchu" title="Zhao Xinchu">Zhao Xinchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Pixian" title="Chen Pixian">Chen Pixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Ningfu" title="Han Ningfu">Han Ningfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Zhizhen" title="Huang Zhizhen">Huang Zhizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zhenqian" title="Guo Zhenqian">Guo Zhenqian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Shuyan" title="Guo Shuyan">Guo Shuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Zhijie" title="Jia Zhijie">Jia Zhijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zhuping" title="Jiang Zhuping">Jiang Zhuping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Guoguang" title="Zhang Guoguang">Zhang Guoguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Qingquan" title="Luo Qingquan">Luo Qingquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hongzhong" title="Li Hongzhong">Li Hongzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guosheng_(politician)" title="Wang Guosheng (politician)">Wang Guosheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaodong_(born_1960)" title="Wang Xiaodong (born 1960)">Wang Xiaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhonglin_(politician)" title="Wang Zhonglin (politician)">Wang Zhonglin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People&#39;s Political Consultative Conference">Conference</a><br />Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiannian" title="Li Xiannian">Li Xiannian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Renzhong" title="Wang Renzhong">Wang Renzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Xinchu" title="Zhao Xinchu">Zhao Xinchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Ningfu" title="Han Ningfu">Han Ningfu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Daoqi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Daoqi (page does not exist)">Xu Daoqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Wei_(born_1915)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Wei (born 1915) (page does not exist)">Li Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Yinluo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Yinluo (page does not exist)">Shen Yinluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Liangyu" title="Hui Liangyu">Hui Liangyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Yunlu" title="Qian Yunlu">Qian Yunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yongliang" title="Yang Yongliang">Yang Yongliang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Shengtie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Shengtie (page does not exist)">Wang Shengtie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Song_Yuying&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Song Yuying (page does not exist)">Song Yuying</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Song_(politician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Song (politician) (page does not exist)">Yang Song</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Chang%27er&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Chang&#39;er (page does not exist)">Zhang Chang'er</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Liquan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Liquan (page does not exist)">Xu Liquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Chuping_(politician)" title="Huang Chuping (politician)">Huang Chuping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Wei_(born_1961)" title="Sun Wei (born 1961)">Sun Wei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115671#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115671#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115671#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/106925664">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1973758/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkD6tkCCDMwv6mjXQTvHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010014872">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐846f74b78b‐cpcv9 Cached time: 20241128040924 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.922 seconds Real time usage: 1.097 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 15470/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 151046/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 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