CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bachkir — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"aa4a12eb-93e8-40b4-8dc5-2c25df7fa45c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bachkir","wgTitle":"Bachkir","wgCurRevisionId":211653685,"wgRevisionId":211653685,"wgArticleId":94728,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Article à illustrer Langue","Article utilisant une Infobox","Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata","Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité","Page utilisant P1296","Page pointant vers des bases externes","Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes","Page utilisant un modèle Bases inactif","Portail:Langues/Articles liés","Portail:Langues/Articles liés directement","Portail:Société/Articles liés", "Portail:Russie/Articles liés","Portail:Europe/Articles liés","Portail:Asie/Articles liés","Article de qualité en bachkir","Bon article en espéranto","Langue SOV","Langue vulnérable","Inventaire de langues","Langue bachkir","Langue kiptchak","Langue en Russie"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bachkir","wgRelevantArticleId":94728,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish": true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q13389","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bachkir — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachkir"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachkir"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bachkir rootpage-Bachkir skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Bachkir" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Bachkir" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Bachkir" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Bachkir" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Situation_sociolinguistique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situation_sociolinguistique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Situation sociolinguistique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situation_sociolinguistique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Histoire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histoire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Histoire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Écriture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Écriture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Écriture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Écriture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Écriture</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Écriture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Une_langue_écrite_récente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Une_langue_écrite_récente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Une langue écrite récente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Une_langue_écrite_récente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabet_bachkir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabet_bachkir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Alphabet bachkir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabet_bachkir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prononciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prononciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prononciation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prononciation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Prononciation</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prononciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harmonie_vocalique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harmonie_vocalique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Harmonie vocalique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harmonie_vocalique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accent_tonique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accent_tonique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Accent tonique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accent_tonique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammaire</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammaire-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Grammaire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Substantifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substantifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Substantifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substantifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pluriel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pluriel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Pluriel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pluriel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffixes_possessifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffixes_possessifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Suffixes possessifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffixes_possessifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Cas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Pronoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pronoms_personnels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronoms_personnels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Pronoms personnels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronoms_personnels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectifs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Adjectifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numéraux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numéraux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Numéraux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numéraux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exemples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Exemples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bachkir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 118 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Абашкьыр бызшәа – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абашкьыр бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkiers" title="Basjkiers – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Basjkiers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Башкир тил – altaï du Sud" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Башкир тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaï du Sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ባሽኪርኛ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባሽኪርኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البشكيرية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البشكيرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="لغه باشقير – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه باشقير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_baskir" title="Idioma baskir – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma baskir" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backortava" title="Backortava – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Backortava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fq%C4%B1rd_dili" title="Başqırd dili – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Başqırd dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="باشقیرد تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باشقیرد تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Башҡорт теле – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Башҡорт теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1k%C4%97ru_kalba" title="Baškėru kalba – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Baškėru kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Башкірская мова – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Башкірская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Башкірская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Башкірская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Башкирски език – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Башкирски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachkireg" title="Bachkireg – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bachkireg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Башкир хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Башкир хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixkir" title="Baixkir – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baixkir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Bashkir-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bashkir-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Башкирийн мотт – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Башкирийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fq%C4%B1rt_tili" title="Başqırt tili – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Başqırt tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1tina" title="Baškirština – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baškirština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Башкортьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – slavon d’église" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Башкортьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavon d’église" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Пушкăрт чĕлхи – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пушкăрт чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkirsk_(sprog)" title="Basjkirsk (sprog) – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Basjkirsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baschkirische_Sprache" title="Baschkirische Sprache – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baschkirische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fq%C4%B1rdki" title="Başqırdki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Başqırdki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Baškiršćina – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Baškiršćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Γλώσσα Μπασκίρ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Μπασκίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bashkir language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Dkira_lingvo" title="Baŝkira lingvo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baŝkira lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_baskir" title="Idioma baskir – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma baskir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kiiri_keel" title="Baškiiri keel – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baškiiri keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxkirera" title="Baxkirera – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baxkirera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان باشقیری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان باشقیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kiirin_kieli" title="Baškiirin kieli – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baškiirin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskiiri_kiil" title="Baskiiri kiil – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Baskiiri kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baschkiirisk_spriak" title="Baschkiirisk spriak – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baschkiirisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhaisc%C3%ADris" title="An Bhaiscíris – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhaiscíris" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkurt_dili" title="Başkurt dili – gagaouze" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Başkurt dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaouze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_baskir" title="Lingua baskir – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua baskir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir-ng%C3%AE" title="Bashkir-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bashkir-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בשקירית – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בשקירית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बाश्किर भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाश्किर भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_bhasa" title="Bashkir bhasa – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bashkir bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kirski_jezik" title="Baškirski jezik – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baškirski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Baškiršćina – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Baškiršćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bask%C3%ADr_nyelv" title="Baskír nyelv – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baskír nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Բաշկիրերեն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաշկիրերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_baschira" title="Lingua baschira – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua baschira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="バシキール語 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バシキール語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბაშკირული ენა – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაშკირული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashqurt_tili" title="Bashqurt tili – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bashqurt tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Башқұрт тілі – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Башқұрт тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="바시키르어 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바시키르어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Башкыр кыв – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Башкыр кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ba%C5%9Fk%C3%AEr%C3%AE" title="Zimanê başkîrî – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê başkîrî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Башкир кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Башкир кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Башкырт тили – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Башкырт тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Baschkirica" title="Lingua Baschkirica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Baschkirica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%B3_kalba" title="Baškirų kalba – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baškirų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1k%C4%ABru_valoda" title="Baškīru valoda – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baškīru valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Башкортонь кяль – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Башкортонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_baskira" title="Fiteny baskira – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny baskira" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Пошкырт йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пошкырт йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Башкирски јазик – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Башкирски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Башкир хэл – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Башкир хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बाश्किर भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाश्किर भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Башкирэнь кель – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Башкирэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="باشکورئیج – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="باشکورئیج" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बाश्किर भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बाश्किर भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkiers" title="Basjkiers – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Basjkiers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkirsk" title="Basjkirsk – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Basjkirsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkirsk" title="Basjkirsk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Basjkirsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashquir" title="Bashquir – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bashquir" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Башкираг æвзаг – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Башкираг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_baszkirski" title="Język baszkirski – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język baszkirski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_bashkir" title="Lenga bashkir – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga bashkir" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بشکیر بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بشکیر بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="باشکيري ژبه – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="باشکيري ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_basquir" title="Língua basquir – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua basquir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ba%C8%99chir%C4%83" title="Limba bașchiră – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba bașchiră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Башкирский язык – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Башкирский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Башкиир тыла – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Башкиир тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskiru" title="Baskiru – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Baskiru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kirski_jezik" title="Baškirski jezik – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baškirski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bashkir language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C4%8Dina" title="Baškirčina – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baškirčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Baškirščina – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baškirščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_bashkire" title="Gjuha bashkire – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha bashkire" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Башкирски језик – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Башкирски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkiriska" title="Basjkiriska – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Basjkiriska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibashkiri" title="Kibashkiri – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibashkiri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baszkirsk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Baszkirskŏ gŏdka – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Baszkirskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பசுகிர மொழி – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பசுகிர மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%88%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Забони бошқирдӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони бошқирдӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาบัชกอร์ต – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาบัชกอร์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Bashkir" title="Wikang Bashkir – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkurt%C3%A7a" title="Başkurtça – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkurtça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Башкорт теле – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Башкорт теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Башкир дыл – touvain" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Башкир дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="touvain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Башкир кыл – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Башкир кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%95" title="باشقۇرتچە – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باشقۇرتچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Башкирська мова – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Башкирська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="باشقیر زبان – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باشقیر زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boshqird_tili" title="Boshqird tili – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boshqird tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kiran_kel%27" title="Baškiran kel' – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Baškiran kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Bashkir" title="Tiếng Bashkir – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="巴什基尔语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴什基尔语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბაშკირული ნინა – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბაშკირული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="巴什基尔语 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴什基尔语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir-g%C3%AD" title="Bashkir-gí – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bashkir-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="巴什基爾文 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴什基爾文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13389#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bachkir" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Bachkir" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bachkir"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bachkir"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Bachkir" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Bachkir" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&oldid=211653685" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Bachkir&id=211653685&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBachkir"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBachkir"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bachkir"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bachkir&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bashkir_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13389" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cet article concerne la langue bachkire. Pour le peuple bachkir, voir <a href="/wiki/Bachkirs" title="Bachkirs">Bachkirs</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#9ACD32;color:black;">Bachkir, bachkort<br /><small>Башҡортса, <i>Başqortsa</i></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Biélorussie">Biélorussie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonie" title="Estonie">Estonie</a>, les autres pays issus de l’URSS, et la diaspora Bachkire<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bachkirie" title="Bachkirie">Bachkirie</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nombre de locuteurs </th> <td>1,3 à 1,8 million selon les évaluations </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Typologie_linguistique" title="Typologie linguistique">Typologie</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Langue_SOV" title="Langue SOV">SOV</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#9ACD32; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_turciques" title="Langues turciques">langues turciques</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_kiptchak" title="Langues kiptchak">langues kiptchak</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> groupe kiptchak septentrional (Volga-Oural)<ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <b>bachkir</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#9ACD32; color:#000000">Statut officiel</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Langue_officielle" title="Langue officielle">Langue officielle</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Bachkirie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République de Bachkirie"><img alt="Drapeau de la République de Bachkirie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bachkirie" title="Bachkirie">Bachkirie</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#9ACD32; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d'identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>ba</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span> </th> <td><code>ba</code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span> </th> <td><code>bak</code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bak">bak</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bash1264">bash1264</a></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#9ACD32; color:#000000">État de conservation</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r209916962">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1}</style> <center> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%89tat_de_conservation_d%27une_langue" title="Modèle:État de conservation d'une langue"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Éteinte</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_morte" title="Catégorie:Langue morte"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext">Éteinte</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Menacée</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>CR</b><span class="tooltiptext">En situation critique</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>SE</b><span class="tooltiptext">Sérieusement en danger</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_en_danger" title="Catégorie:Langue en danger"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">En danger</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:yellowgreen"><b>VU</b><span class="tooltiptext">Vulnérable</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Sûre</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext"> Non menacée</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3">Langue <b>vulnérable</b> (<b>VU</b>) au sens de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_des_langues_en_danger_dans_le_monde" title="Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde">Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde</a></i> </div></center> </td> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#9ACD32; color:#000000">Échantillon</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Article premier de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/fr/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html">voir le texte en français</a>)<br /><br /><span class="lang-ba" lang="ba">Барлыҡ кешеләр ирекле, дәрәжәләре һәм хоҡуҡтары тигеҙ булып тыуалар. Улар аҡыл һәм выждан эйәһе һәм бер-береһенә ҡарата ҡәрҙәшлек рухында хәрәкәт итергә тейештәр.</span></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #9ACD32 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>bachkir</b> ou <b>bachkort</b> (<b>башҡорт теле</b>, <i>başqort tele</i> <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[bɑʂ.ˌqʊ̞rt.tɪ̞ˈlɪ̞]</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216827669">.mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg")center left no-repeat;background-size:11px 11px;padding-left:15px;font-size:smaller}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}}</style><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Bashqort_tele.ogg" title="Fichier:Bashqort tele.ogg">Écouter</a></sup>) est une langue appartenant au <a href="/wiki/Langues_turques" class="mw-redirect" title="Langues turques">groupe turc</a> de la famille des <a href="/wiki/Langues_alta%C3%AFques" title="Langues altaïques">langues altaïques</a> parlée principalement en <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a>, notamment dans la République de <a href="/wiki/Bachkirie" title="Bachkirie">Bachkirie</a> où c’est une langue officielle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Situation_sociolinguistique">Situation sociolinguistique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Situation sociolinguistique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Situation sociolinguistique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:IlshatsSermen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IlshatsSermen.jpg/220px-IlshatsSermen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IlshatsSermen.jpg/330px-IlshatsSermen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/IlshatsSermen.jpg/440px-IlshatsSermen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Signalisation_bilingue" class="mw-redirect" title="Signalisation bilingue">Signalisation bilingue</a> (bachkir/russe) à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sermenevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sermenevo (page inexistante)">Sermenevo</a>, en Bachkirie.</figcaption></figure> <p>Au <a href="/wiki/Recensement_de_2010_en_Russie" title="Recensement de 2010 en Russie">recensement de 2010 en Russie</a>, 1 152 404 personnes ont indiqué qu’elles parlaient le bachkir, dont 977 484 <a href="/wiki/Bachkirs" title="Bachkirs">Bachkirs</a> (soit 62 % des 1 584 554 qui se sont déclarés bachkirs<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) et 131 950 <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La plupart d’entre eux vivent en <a href="/wiki/Bachkirie" title="Bachkirie">Bachkirie</a> : 935 810, soit 23 % de sa population<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>On trouve également des locuteurs les républiques voisines du <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a> et d’<a href="/wiki/Oudmourtie" title="Oudmourtie">Oudmourtie</a> ainsi que dans le <a href="/wiki/Kra%C3%AFs_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraïs de Russie">kraï</a> (territoire) de <a href="/wiki/Kra%C3%AF_de_Perm" title="Kraï de Perm">Perm</a> et dans les <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblasts de Russie">oblasts</a> (provinces) de <a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Tcheliabinsk" title="Oblast de Tcheliabinsk">Tcheliabinsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oblast_d%27Orenbourg" title="Oblast d'Orenbourg">Orenbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Sverdlovsk" title="Oblast de Sverdlovsk">Sverdlovsk</a> et <a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Kourgan" title="Oblast de Kourgan">Kourgan</a>. Par ailleurs, d'importantes minorités bachkires vivent au <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Ouzb%C3%A9kistan" title="Ouzbékistan">Ouzbékistan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bien qu'originellement <a href="/wiki/Langues_finno-ougriennes" title="Langues finno-ougriennes">finno-ougriennes</a>, les tribus bachkires adoptèrent la langue des <a href="/wiki/Bulgares_de_la_Volga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgares de la Volga">Bulgares de la Volga</a> (680–1237). Après l'invasion <a href="/wiki/Turco-mongole" class="mw-redirect" title="Turco-mongole">turco-mongole</a>, c'est la langue <a href="/wiki/Couman" title="Couman">kipchak</a> qui devint prédominante, car c'était celle du plus grand nombre de tribus de la <a href="/wiki/Horde_d%27or" title="Horde d'or">Horde d'or</a>. </p><p>Le bachkir moderne, tout comme le <a href="/wiki/Tatar" title="Tatar">tatar</a> dont il est proche, est issu de cette langue kipchak, qui a donné naissance à une branche de la famille linguistique turque. Il possède de nombreux <a href="/wiki/Dialecte" title="Dialecte">dialectes</a>. Le tatar, utilisé par les Bachkirs comme langue écrite jusqu'au <a href="/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, a été remplacé dans ce rôle jusqu'en <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> par le <a href="/wiki/Langue_tchaghata%C3%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue tchaghataï">tchaghataï</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Écriture"><span id=".C3.89criture"></span>Écriture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Écriture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Écriture"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Une_langue_écrite_récente"><span id="Une_langue_.C3.A9crite_r.C3.A9cente"></span>Une langue écrite récente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Une langue écrite récente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Une langue écrite récente"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'alphabet utilisé, aussi bien avec le tatar qu'avec le tchaghataï, était l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_arabe" title="Alphabet arabe">alphabet arabe</a>. En 1923, un système d'écriture propre au bachkir fut spécialement créé. C'est le dialecte kuvakan qui a servi de base au nouveau langage écrit. L'alphabet arabe modifié originellement utilisé fut <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_en_Union_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Latinisation en Union soviétique">remplacé</a> en <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> par l'adaptation turque de l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_latin" title="Alphabet latin">alphabet latin</a>, à son tour remplacée en hiver <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a> par une adaptation bachkire de l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_cyrillique" title="Alphabet cyrillique">alphabet cyrillique</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alphabet_bachkir">Alphabet bachkir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Alphabet bachkir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Alphabet bachkir"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:KB_Bashkir.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/KB_Bashkir.svg/440px-KB_Bashkir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/KB_Bashkir.svg/660px-KB_Bashkir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/KB_Bashkir.svg/880px-KB_Bashkir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Disposition de clavier bachkire</figcaption></figure> <p>L’alphabet bachkir actuel comprend les lettres de l’<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_russe" title="Alphabet russe">alphabet russe</a>, auxquelles ont été ajoutées les lettres suivantes : <a href="/wiki/%D3%98" title="Ә">Ә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" title="Ө">Ө</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" title="Ү">Ү</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%92" title="Ғ">Ғ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%98" title="Ҙ">Ҙ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0" title="Ҡ">Ҡ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" title="Ң">Ң</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" title="Ҫ">Ҫ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" title="Һ">Һ</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Alphabet bachkir (Башҡорт әлифбаһы)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Lettre</th> <th>Transcription</th> <th>Prononciation (<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international">API</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" title="А">А а</a> (а)</td> <td>a</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%91" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɑ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɑ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" title="Б">Б б</a> (бэ)</td> <td>b</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_b" class="mw-redirect" title="API b"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">b</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" title="В">В в</a> (вэ)</td> <td>w, v</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">w</span></a>], [<a href="/wiki/API_v" class="mw-redirect" title="API v"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">v</span></a>] dans les emprunts </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" title="Г">Г г</a> (гэ)</td> <td>g</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɡ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɡ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" title="Ғ">Ғ ғ</a> (ғы)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%9E" title="Ğ">ğ</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɣ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɣ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" title="Д">Д д</a> (дэ)</td> <td>d</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_d" class="mw-redirect" title="API d"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">d</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%98" title="Ҙ">Ҙ ҙ</a> (ҙ)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%B9" title="Ź">ź</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="API ð"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ð</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" title="Е">Е е</a> (йе)</td> <td>e, ye</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_e" class="mw-redirect" title="API e"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">e</span></a>~<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɪ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɪ</span></a>], <span class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[je]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" title="Ё">Ё ё</a> (йо)</td> <td>yo</td> <td><span class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[jo]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" title="Ж">Ж ж</a> (жэ)</td> <td>j</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%92" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʒ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʒ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" title="З">З з</a> (зэ)</td> <td>z</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_z" class="mw-redirect" title="API z"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">z</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" title="И">И и</a> (и)</td> <td>i</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_i" class="mw-redirect" title="API i"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">i</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" title="Й">Й й</a> (ҡыҫҡа и)</td> <td>y</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_j" class="mw-redirect" title="API j"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">j</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" title="К">К к</a> (ка)</td> <td>k</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_k" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">k</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0" title="Ҡ">Ҡ ҡ</a> (ҡы)</td> <td>q</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_q" class="mw-redirect" title="API q"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">q</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" title="Л">Л л</a> (эл)</td> <td>l</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_l" class="mw-redirect" title="API l"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">l</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" title="М">М м</a> (эм)</td> <td>m</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_m" class="mw-redirect" title="API m"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">m</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" title="Н">Н н</a> (эн)</td> <td>n</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_n" class="mw-redirect" title="API n"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">n</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" title="Ң">Ң ң</a> (эң)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%91" title="Ñ">ñ</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C5%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ŋ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ŋ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" title="О">О о</a> (о)</td> <td>o</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">o</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" title="Ө">Ө ө</a> (ө)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="API ø"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ø</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" title="П">П п</a> (пэ)</td> <td>p</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_p" class="mw-redirect" title="API p"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">p</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" title="Р">Р р</a> (эр)</td> <td>r</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_r" class="mw-redirect" title="API r"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">r</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" title="С">С с</a> (эс)</td> <td>s</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_s" class="mw-redirect" title="API s"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">s</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" title="Ҫ">Ҫ ҫ</a> (ҫэ)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A" title="Ś">ś</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%CE%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="API θ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">θ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" title="Т">Т т</a> (тэ)</td> <td>t</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_t" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" title="У">У у</a> (у)</td> <td>u</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_u" class="mw-redirect" title="API u"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">u</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" title="Ү">Ү ү</a> (ү)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C_(lettre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ü (lettre)">ü</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_y" class="mw-redirect" title="API y"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">y</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" title="Ф">Ф ф</a> (эф)</td> <td>f</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_f" class="mw-redirect" title="API f"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">f</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" title="Х">Х х</a> (ха)</td> <td>x</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_x" class="mw-redirect" title="API x"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">x</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" title="Һ">Һ һ</a> (һа)</td> <td>h</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_h" class="mw-redirect" title="API h"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">h</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" title="Ц">Ц ц</a> (цэ)</td> <td>ts</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_t%CD%A1s" class="mw-redirect" title="API t͡s"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡s</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" title="Ч">Ч ч</a> (чэ)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">ç</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_t%CD%A1%CA%83" class="mw-redirect" title="API t͡ʃ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">t͡ʃ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" title="Ш">Ш ш</a> (ша)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E" title="Ş">ş</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%83" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʃ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʃ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" title="Щ">Щ щ</a> (ща)</td> <td>şç</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%95" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɕ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɕ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" title="Ъ">Ъ ъ</a></td> <td></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʔ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʔ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" title="Ы">Ы ы</a> (ы)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(lettre)" title="I (lettre)">ı</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɯ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɯ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" title="Ь">Ь ь</a></td> <td></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʲ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ʲ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" title="Э">Э э</a> (э)</td> <td>e</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_e" class="mw-redirect" title="API e"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">e</span></a>~<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɪ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɪ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98" title="Ә">Ә ә</a> (ә)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">ä</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C3%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="API æ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">æ</span></a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" title="Ю">Ю ю</a> (йу)</td> <td>yu</td> <td><span class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[ju]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" title="Я">Я я</a> (йа)</td> <td>ya</td> <td><span class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[ja]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les lettres Ц, Ч, Щ et Ь sont surtout utilisées dans les mots d’origine russe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prononciation">Prononciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Prononciation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prononciation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harmonie_vocalique">Harmonie vocalique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Harmonie vocalique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Harmonie vocalique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’<a href="/wiki/Harmonie_vocalique" title="Harmonie vocalique">harmonie vocalique</a>, typique des langues turques, est présente en bachkir. Selon ce principe, les voyelles sont réparties en deux classes (antérieures et postérieures)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et un même mot ne peut normalement contenir que des voyelles d’une seule classe<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Voyelles antérieures</th> <th>Voyelles postérieures </th></tr> <tr> <td>е/э /<i>e</i>/</td> <td>ы /<i>ɯ</i>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ү /<i>y</i>/</td> <td>у /<i>u</i>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ө /<i>ø</i>/</td> <td>о /<i>o</i>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ә /<i>æ</i>/</td> <td>а /<i>a</i>/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>La voyelle и <i>i</i> ne fait pas partie d’une paire. </p><p>Pour pouvoir respecter l’harmonie vocalique, les suffixes ont souvent plusieurs formes : бала (<i>bala</i>, « enfant ») et кеше (<i>keşe</i>, « personne ») deviennent respectivement au pluriel балалар (<i>balalar</i>) et кешеләр (<i>keşelär</i>). </p><p>Il existe des exceptions à l’harmonie vocalique, principalement emprunts récents, tels que республика (<i>respublika</i>, « république »), emprunté au russe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accent_tonique">Accent tonique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Accent tonique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Accent tonique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’<a href="/wiki/Accent_tonique" title="Accent tonique">accent tonique</a> tombe généralement sur la dernière syllabe des mots, mais il y a des exceptions<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>Les pronoms interrogatifs sont accentués sur la première syllabe : ҡ<b>а</b>йҙа (<i>q<b>a</b>yźa</i>, « où »).</li> <li>Les verbes à la deuxième personne de l’impératif sont accentués sur la première syllabe : һ<b>ө</b>йләгеҙ (<i>h<b>ö</b>ylägeź</i>, « parlez »).</li> <li>Certains suffixes (entre autres les suffixes de négation, interrogatifs et prédicatifs) ne sont jamais accentués, et on accentue alors la syllabe précédente : йоҡл<b>а</b>ма (<i>yoql<b>a</b>ma</i>, « ne dors pas »).</li> <li>La place de l’accent tonique des mots étrangers est conservée : <b>а</b>лгебра (<i><b>a</b>lgebra</i>, « algèbre », également accentué sur la première syllabe en russe).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammaire">Grammaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Grammaire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Grammaire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le bachkir, comme les autres langues turques, est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_agglutinante" title="Langue agglutinante">langue agglutinante</a>, c’est-à-dire qu’il utilise de nombreux <a href="/wiki/Affixe" title="Affixe">affixes</a> là où le français emploie souvent plusieurs mots. Il n’a pas de <a href="/wiki/Genre_grammatical" title="Genre grammatical">genre grammatical</a> mais il différencie le <a href="/wiki/Nombre_grammatical" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombre grammatical">singulier et le pluriel</a>. </p><p>On distingue les <a href="/wiki/Nature_(grammaire)" title="Nature (grammaire)">classes grammaticales</a> suivantes en bachkir<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Substantif" class="mw-redirect" title="Substantif">substantif</a> (исем, <i>isem</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjectif" title="Adjectif">adjectif</a> (сифат, <i>sifat</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjectif_num%C3%A9ral" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjectif numéral">numéral</a> (һан, <i>han</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronom" title="Pronom">pronom</a> (алмаш, <i>almaş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adverbe" title="Adverbe">adverbe</a> (рәүеш, <i>räweş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbe" title="Verbe">verbe</a> (ҡылым, <i>qılım</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postposition" title="Postposition">postposition</a> (бәйләүес, <i>bäyläwes</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjonction_(grammaire)" title="Conjonction (grammaire)">conjonction</a> (теркәүес, <i>terkäwes</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particule_(grammaire)" title="Particule (grammaire)">particule</a> (киҫәксә, <i>kiśäksä</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interjection" title="Interjection">interjection</a> (ымлыҡ, <i>ımlıq</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particule_modale" title="Particule modale">particule modale</a> (мөнәсәбәт һүҙ, <i>mönäsäbät hüź</i>).</li></ol> <p>Les substantifs et les pronoms se <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9clinaison_(grammaire)" title="Déclinaison (grammaire)">déclinent</a> selon six <a href="/wiki/Cas_grammatical" title="Cas grammatical">cas</a><sup id="cite_ref-cas_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cas-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Nominatif" title="Nominatif">nominatif</a> (төп килеш, <i>töp kileş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nitif" title="Génitif">génitif</a> (эйәлек килеш, <i>eyälek kileş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datif" title="Datif">datif</a> (төбәү килеш, <i>töbäw kileş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accusatif" title="Accusatif">accusatif</a> (төшөм килеш, <i>töşöm kileş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locatif" title="Locatif">locatif</a> (урын-ваҡыт килеш, <i>urın-waqıt kileş</i>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablatif" title="Ablatif">ablatif</a> (сығанаҡ килеш, <i>sığanaq kileş</i>).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substantifs">Substantifs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Substantifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Substantifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pluriel">Pluriel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Pluriel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pluriel"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le pluriel est indiqué par le suffixe <i>-lar</i>. En raison de l’harmonie vocalique et de l’<a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Assimilation (phonétique)">assimilation</a>, il peut prendre huit formes différentes<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>-лар, -ләр après а, ә, ы, е, о, ө, я ;</li> <li>-дар, -дәр après л, м, н, ң, з, ж ;</li> <li>-тар, -тәр après б, в, г, д, к, ҡ, п, с, ҫ, т, ф, х, һ, ц, ч, ш, щ ;</li> <li>-ҙар, -ҙәр après ҙ, й, р, у, ү, и, ю.</li></ul> <p>Par exemple : </p> <ul><li>алма (<i>alma</i>, « pomme ») → алмалар (<i>almalar</i>, « pommes ») ;</li> <li>һүҙ (<i>hüź</i>, « mot ») → һүҙҙәр (<i>hüźźär</i>, « mots ») ;</li> <li>китап (<i>kitap</i>, « livre ») → китаптар (<i>kitaptar</i>, « livres »).</li></ul> <p>Après un numéral, le nom reste au singulier<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : бер алма (« une pomme »), ике алма (« deux pommes »). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suffixes_possessifs">Suffixes possessifs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Suffixes possessifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Suffixes possessifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En bachkir, la possession est indiquée par un suffixe qui s’ajoute à l’objet possédé<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il se place après le suffixe du pluriel, le cas échéant. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixes possessifs bachkirs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nombre</th> <th>Personne</th> <th>Après une voyelle</th> <th>Après une consonne </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">Singulier</th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-м</td> <td>-ым, -ем, -ом, -өм </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-ң</td> <td>-ың, -ең, -оң, -өң </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-һы, -һе, -һо, -һө</td> <td>-ы, -е, -о, -ө </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">Pluriel</th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-быҙ, -беҙ, -боҙ, -бөҙ</td> <td>-ыбыҙ, -ебеҙ, -обоҙ, -өбөҙ </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-ғыҙ, -геҙ, -ғоҙ, -гөҙ</td> <td>-ығыҙ, -егеҙ, -оғоҙ, -өгөҙ </td></tr> <tr> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th> <td>-һы, -һе, -һо, -һө</td> <td>-ы, -е, -о, -ө </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Par exemple : </p> <ul><li>күҙ (<i>küź</i>, « œil ») → күҙөм (<i>küźöm</i>, « mon œil ») ;</li> <li>ҡул (<i>qul</i>, « main ») → ҡулоң (<i>quloñ</i>, « ta main ») ;</li> <li>ғаилә (<i>ğailä</i>, « famille ») → ғаиләһе (<i>ğailähe</i>, « sa famille ») ;</li> <li>дуҫ (<i>duś</i>, « ami ») → дуҫтарыбыҙ (<i>duśtarıbıź</i>, « nos amis »).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cas">Cas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Cas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Cas"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les cas sont indiqués par des suffixes attachés aux noms. Ces suffixes ont eux aussi plusieurs formes, selon l’harmonie vocalique et la dernière lettre du mot. Les suffixes de cas se placent, le cas échéant, après le suffixe du pluriel et le suffixe possessif. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixes de cas en bachkir<sup id="cite_ref-cas_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cas-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Précédé par</th> <th>а, ә, ы, е, о, ө, я</th> <th>з, ж, л, м, н, ң</th> <th>ҙ, р, у, ү, й, и, ю</th> <th>б, в, г, д, к, ҡ, п, с, ҫ, т, х, һ, ц, ч, ш, щ </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nominatif" title="Nominatif">Nominatif</a> </th> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nitif" title="Génitif">Génitif</a> </th> <td>-ның, -нең, -ноң, -нөң</td> <td>-дың, -дең, -доң, -дөң</td> <td>-ҙың, -ҙең, -ҙоң, -ҙөң</td> <td>-тың, -тең, -тоң, -төң </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Datif" title="Datif">Datif</a> </th> <td>-ға, -гә</td> <td>-ға, -гә</td> <td>-ға, -гә</td> <td>-ҡа, -кә </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Accusatif" title="Accusatif">Accusatif</a> </th> <td>-ны, -не, -но, -нө</td> <td>-ды, -де, -до, -дө</td> <td>-ҙы, -ҙе, -ҙо, -ҙө</td> <td>-ты, -те, -то, -тө </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Locatif" title="Locatif">Locatif</a> </th> <td>-ла, -лә</td> <td>-да, -дә</td> <td>-ҙа, -ҙә</td> <td>-та, -тә </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ablatif" title="Ablatif">Ablatif</a> </th> <td>-нан, -нән</td> <td>-дан, -дән</td> <td>-ҙан, -ҙән</td> <td>-тан, -тән </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Exemples de mots déclinés </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Sens</th> <th>« montagne »</th> <th>« chien »</th> <th>« ville »</th> <th>« jour » </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominatif </th> <td>тау</td> <td>эт</td> <td>ҡала</td> <td>көн </td></tr> <tr> <th>Génitif </th> <td>тауҙың</td> <td>эттең</td> <td>ҡаланың</td> <td>көндөң </td></tr> <tr> <th>Datif </th> <td>тауға</td> <td>эткә</td> <td>ҡалаға</td> <td>көнгә </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusatif </th> <td>тауҙы</td> <td>этте</td> <td>ҡаланы</td> <td>көндө </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locatif </th> <td>тауҙа</td> <td>эттә</td> <td>ҡалала</td> <td>көндә </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablatif </th> <td>тауҙан</td> <td>эттән</td> <td>ҡаланан</td> <td>көндән </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronoms">Pronoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Pronoms" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pronoms"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pronoms_personnels">Pronoms personnels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Pronoms personnels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Pronoms personnels"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le bachkir a six <a href="/wiki/Pronom_personnel" title="Pronom personnel">pronoms personnels</a>. Ils se déclinent comme les noms, mais présentent quelques irrégularités<sup id="cite_ref-pronoms_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pronoms-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Pronoms personnels bachkirs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nombre</th> <th colspan="3">Singulier</th> <th colspan="3">Pluriel </th></tr> <tr> <th>Personne</th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr></th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominatif </th> <td>мин</td> <td>һин</td> <td>ул</td> <td>беҙ</td> <td>һеҙ</td> <td>улар </td></tr> <tr> <th>Génitif </th> <td>минең</td> <td>һинең</td> <td>улың</td> <td>беҙҙең</td> <td>һеҙҙең</td> <td>уларҙың </td></tr> <tr> <th>Datif </th> <td>миңә</td> <td>һиңә</td> <td>уға</td> <td>беҙгә</td> <td>һеҙгә</td> <td>уларға </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusatif </th> <td>мине</td> <td>һине</td> <td>улы</td> <td>беҙҙе</td> <td>һеҙҙе</td> <td>уларҙы </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locatif </th> <td>миндә</td> <td>һиндә</td> <td>унда</td> <td>беҙҙән</td> <td>һеҙҙән</td> <td>уларҙан </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablatif </th> <td>минән</td> <td>һинән</td> <td>унан</td> <td>беҙҙә</td> <td>һеҙҙә</td> <td>уларҙа </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectifs">Adjectifs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Adjectifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Adjectifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Adjectif" title="Adjectif">adjectifs</a> bachkirs se placent avant le nom et ils ne s’accordent pas. </p><p>La forme <a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_de_comparaison" title="Degré de comparaison">comparative</a> des adjectifs se forme à l’aide du suffixe -раҡ, -рәк (après une voyelle), -ыраҡ, -ерәк, -ораҡ, -өрәк (après une <a href="/wiki/Consonne" title="Consonne">consonne</a>) : яҡшы (<i>yaqşı</i>, « bon ») → яҡшыраҡ (<i>yaqşıraq</i>, « meilleur »). Si l’adjectif se termine par к, ҡ ou п, ceux-ci sont remplacés respectivement par г, ғ et б : шәп (<i>şäp</i>, « rapide ») → шәберәк (<i>şäberäk</i>, « plus rapide »). </p><p>Le superlatif se forme avec le mot иң placé avant l’adjectif : иң оҙон йылға (<i>iñ oźon yılğa</i>, « la plus longue rivière »)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numéraux"><span id="Num.C3.A9raux"></span>Numéraux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Numéraux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Numéraux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Numéraux bachkirs<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9 </th></tr> <tr> <td>бер</td> <td>ике</td> <td>өс</td> <td>дүрт</td> <td>биш</td> <td>алты</td> <td>ете</td> <td>һигеҙ</td> <td>туғыҙ </td></tr> <tr> <th>10</th> <th>20</th> <th>30</th> <th>40</th> <th>50</th> <th>60</th> <th>70</th> <th>80</th> <th>90 </th></tr> <tr> <td>ун</td> <td>егерме</td> <td>утыҙ</td> <td>ҡырҡ</td> <td>илле</td> <td>алтмыш</td> <td>етмеш</td> <td>һикһән</td> <td>туҡһан </td></tr> <tr> <th>100</th> <th>1 000 </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>йөҙ</td> <td>мең </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les nombres intermédiaires se forment en juxtaposant les numéraux, par exemple 74681 : етмеш дүрт мең алты йөҙ һикһән бер (<i>yetmeş dürt meñ altı yöź hikhän ber</i>). </p><p>Les ordinaux sont formés avec le suffixe -нсы/-нсе/-ынсы/-енсе/-өнсө<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : беренсе (<abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr>), дүртенсе (<abbr class="abbr" title="Quatrième">4<sup>e</sup></abbr>), ҡырҡ туғыҙынсы (<abbr class="abbr" title="Quarante-neuvième">49<sup>e</sup></abbr>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exemples">Exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifier la section : Exemples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Exemples"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Quelques mots en bachkir </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Français</th> <th>Bachkir</th> <th>Transcription </th></tr> <tr> <td>terre</td> <td>ер</td> <td>/jer/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ciel</td> <td>күк</td> <td>/kyk/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>eau</td> <td>һыу</td> <td>/hɪw/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>feu</td> <td>ут</td> <td>/ut/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>homme</td> <td>ир</td> <td>/ir/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>femme</td> <td>ҡатын</td> <td>/qatın/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>manger</td> <td>ашау</td> <td>/aʃau/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>boire</td> <td>эсеү</td> <td>/eseu/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>grand</td> <td>ҙур</td> <td>/ður/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>petit</td> <td>бәләкәй</td> <td>/bælækæj/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>nuit</td> <td>төн</td> <td>/tøn/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>jour</td> <td>көн</td> <td>/køn/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/nationality_population/">Всеукраїнський перепис населення</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="fédéral_des_statistiques_russe"><span class="ouvrage" id="Service_fédéral_des_statistiques_russe"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> Service fédéral des statistiques russe, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-01.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Национальный состав населения</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="fédéral_des_statistiques_russe"><span class="ouvrage" id="Service_fédéral_des_statistiques_russe"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> Service fédéral des statistiques russe, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-06.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Владение языками населением наиболее многочисленных национальностей</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="fédéral_des_statistiques_russe"><span class="ouvrage" id="Service_fédéral_des_statistiques_russe"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> Service fédéral des statistiques russe, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-07.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Владение языками населением наиболее многочисленных национальностей по субъектам Российской Федерации</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ager"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simon_Ager"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Simon Ager, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/bashkir.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Bashkir/Bashkort alphabet, pronunciation and language</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Omniglot.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/fonetika-i-grafika/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%205"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Гласные звуки</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/fonetika-i-grafika/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%207"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Закон сингармонизма</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/fonetika-i-grafika/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%208"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Ударение</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/morfologija/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%209"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Части речи</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cas-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cas_10-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-cas_10-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/imja-suschestvitelnoe/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%2014"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Падеж</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-06" data-sort-value="2013-05-06">6 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/imja-suschestvitelnoe/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%2012"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Число</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/imja-chislitelnoe/paragraf24"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Понятие о числительном</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-06" data-sort-value="2013-05-06">6 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/imja-suschestvitelnoe/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%E2%84%96%2013"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Принадлежность имен существительных</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-05" data-sort-value="2013-05-05">5 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pronoms-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-pronoms_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/mestoimenie/paragraf23"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Разряды местоимений</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-06" data-sort-value="2013-05-06">6 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/prilagatelnoe/paragraf29"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Степени сравнения прилагательных</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-30" data-sort-value="2013-05-30">30 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/imja-chislitelnoe/paragraf25"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Простые и сложные числительные</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-06" data-sort-value="2013-05-06">6 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Усманова"><span class="ouvrage" id="М._Г._Усманова"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> М. Г. Усманова, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tel.bashqort.com/imja-chislitelnoe/paragraf26"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ru">Разряды числительных</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-05-06" data-sort-value="2013-05-06">6 mai 2013</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bashkir_language?uselang=fr">Bachkir</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:bachkir" class="extiw" title="wikt:Catégorie:bachkir">Mots en bachkir</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/68px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/90px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:60px;"><b><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ba:">Wikipédia en bachkir</a></b>.</div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2" title="Alphabet İske imlâ">Alphabet İske imlâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachkirie" title="Bachkirie">Bachkirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachkirs" title="Bachkirs">Bachkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">Linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">Liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">Langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_alta%C3%AFques" title="Langues altaïques">Langues altaïques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_turciques" title="Langues turciques">Langues turciques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_kiptchak" title="Langues kiptchak">Langues kiptchak</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_Swadesh_du_bachkir" title="Liste Swadesh du bachkir">Liste Swadesh du bachkir</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&action=edit&section=22" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13389?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85012068">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4144089-4">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576104">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284641205171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph1107328">Tchéquie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000306700">Lettonie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bash1264">Glottocode</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie généraliste<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13389?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0222443.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="ouvrage" id="ethnologuebak"><span style="font-style: normal;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/bak">Fiche langue</a> <code>[bak]</code> dans la base de données linguistique <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue,_Languages_of_the_World" title="Ethnologue, Languages of the World"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Ethnologue</span></a>.</i></span></cite></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.incks.com/fr/bashkir.html">Clavier bachkir en ligne</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : russe">(ru)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfbl.ru/mfbl/rusbash">Dictionnaire russe-bachkir</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style="background:#fdfdfd;"> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_officielles_de_Russie" title="Modèle:Palette Langues officielles de Russie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_officielles_de_Russie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Langues_officielles_de_Russie" title="Langues officielles de Russie">Langues officielles de Russie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:18em; max-width: 35%; text-align:right;">Langue d'État de la <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">fédération</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:18em; max-width: 35%; text-align:right;">Langues d'État des <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_(Russie)" title="République (Russie)">républiques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#f7f7f7;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_(langue)" title="Abaza (langue)">abaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adygu%C3%A9en_(langue)" title="Adyguéen (langue)">adyguéen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agul" title="Agul">agul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta%C3%AF_(langue)" title="Altaï (langue)">altaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar" title="Avar">avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az%C3%A9ri" title="Azéri">azéri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">bachkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouriate" title="Bouriate">bouriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargwa" title="Dargwa">dargwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakoute" title="Iakoute">iakoute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingouche" title="Ingouche">ingouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarde" title="Kabarde">kabardino-tcherkesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmouk" title="Kalmouk">kalmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatcha%C3%AF_balkar" title="Karatchaï balkar">karatchaï balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakasse" title="Khakasse">khakasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_(langue)" title="Komi (langue)">komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koumyk" title="Koumyk">koumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak" title="Lak">lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezghien" title="Lezghien">lezghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_(langue)" title="Mari (langue)">mari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mari_des_montagnes" title="Mari des montagnes">Mari des montagnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_des_prairies" title="Mari des prairies">mari des prairies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_mordves" title="Langues mordves">mordove</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mokcha_(langue)" title="Mokcha (langue)">mokcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzya" title="Erzya">erzya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noga%C3%AF_(langue)" title="Nogaï (langue)">nogaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oss%C3%A8te" title="Ossète">ossète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudmourte" title="Oudmourte">oudmourte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routoul" title="Routoul">routoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabassaran" title="Tabassaran">tabassaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat" title="Tat">langue tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar" title="Tatar">tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_de_Crim%C3%A9e" title="Tatar de Crimée">tatar de Crimée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tch%C3%A9tch%C3%A8ne" title="Tchétchène">tchétchène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchouvache" title="Tchouvache">tchouvache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touvain" title="Touvain">touvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhour" title="Tsakhour">tsakhour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainien" title="Ukrainien">ukrainien</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:18em; max-width: 35%; text-align:right;">Langues à statut officiel</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouriate" title="Bouriate">bouriate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car%C3%A9lien" title="Carélien">carélien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgane" title="Dolgane">dolgane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%A8ne" title="Évène">évène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenki" title="Evenki">evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnois" title="Finnois">finnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh" title="Kazakh">kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty" title="Khanty">khanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi-permiak" title="Komi-permiak">komi-permiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi" title="Mansi">mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9n%C3%A8tse" title="Nénètse">nénètse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkoupe" title="Selkoupe">selkoupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchouktche" title="Tchouktche">tchouktche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepse" title="Vepse">vepse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youkaguir" title="Youkaguir">youkaguir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youkaguir_du_nord" title="Youkaguir du nord">youkaguir du nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youkaguir_du_sud" title="Youkaguir du sud">youkaguir du sud</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/36px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/48px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Russie" title="Portail de la Russie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/66px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Russie" title="Portail:Russie">Portail de la Russie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&oldid=211653685">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&oldid=211653685</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_SOV" title="Catégorie:Langue SOV">Langue SOV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_vuln%C3%A9rable" title="Catégorie:Langue vulnérable">Langue vulnérable</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Inventaire_de_langues" title="Catégorie:Inventaire de langues">Inventaire de langues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_bachkir" title="Catégorie:Langue bachkir">Langue bachkir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_kiptchak" title="Catégorie:Langue kiptchak">Langue kiptchak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_en_Russie" title="Catégorie:Langue en Russie">Langue en Russie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_%C3%A0_illustrer_Langue" title="Catégorie:Article à illustrer Langue">Article à illustrer Langue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_avec_notice_d%27autorit%C3%A9" title="Catégorie:Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité">Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1296" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P1296">Page utilisant P1296</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_bases_externes" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des bases externes">Page pointant vers des bases externes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_pointant_vers_des_dictionnaires_ou_encyclop%C3%A9dies_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralistes" title="Catégorie:Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes">Page pointant vers des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_un_mod%C3%A8le_Bases_inactif" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant un modèle Bases inactif">Page utilisant un modèle Bases inactif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Langues/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Langues/Articles liés">Portail:Langues/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Langues/Articles_li%C3%A9s_directement" title="Catégorie:Portail:Langues/Articles liés directement">Portail:Langues/Articles liés directement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Société/Articles liés">Portail:Société/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Russie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Russie/Articles liés">Portail:Russie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Europe/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Europe/Articles liés">Portail:Europe/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Asie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Asie/Articles liés">Portail:Asie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_de_qualit%C3%A9_en_bachkir" title="Catégorie:Article de qualité en bachkir">Article de qualité en bachkir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Bon_article_en_esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Catégorie:Bon article en espéranto">Bon article en espéranto</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 19 janvier 2024 à 12:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/Bachkir" title="Spécial:Citer/Bachkir">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bachkir&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-nq9rq","wgBackendResponseTime":219,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.778","walltime":"0.987","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4981,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":159713,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23040,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":20212,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 857.428 1 -total"," 41.87% 359.028 1 Modèle:Bases"," 23.77% 203.790 1 Modèle:Infobox_Langue"," 12.91% 110.653 6 Modèle:Infobox/Sous-titre_optionnel"," 7.56% 64.801 1 Modèle:Références"," 5.63% 48.263 16 Modèle:Lien_web"," 4.95% 42.438 3 Modèle:Wikidata"," 4.41% 37.804 3 Modèle:Infobox/Ligne_optionnelle"," 4.15% 35.602 1 Modèle:Autre4"," 3.91% 33.537 1 Modèle:État_de_conservation_d'une_langue"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.427","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7153498,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-864bbfd546-2rh4p","timestamp":"20241129211651","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bachkir","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bachkir","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13389","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q13389","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-07-09T14:52:11Z","dateModified":"2024-01-19T11:57:13Z","headline":"langue turque parl\u00e9e en Russie"}</script> </body> </html>