Videos | Quanta Magazine

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srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-520x293.jpg 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px" /> </div> </div> <button class='play-button relative absolute fit-x mxa' title='Play' > <span class='__circle absolute fit-x transition--color text-white'></span> <span class='__icon absolute text-ff8600'></span> </button> </div> <h3 class='noe o8 mt1 mb025'> How a Computer Broke a 50-Year Math Record </h3> <div class='flex flex-items-center '> <svg class='o2 icon-s mr05' x='0px' y='0px' viewbox='0 0 50 50' xml:space='preserve'><path fill='currentColor' d='M25,0C11.2,0,0,11.2,0,25c0,13.8,11.2,25,25,25c13.8,0,25-11.2,25-25C50,11.2,38.8,0,25,0z M31.6,33.3l-8.5-7.5V13.2h3.7v11 l7.2,6.4L31.6,33.3z'></path></svg> <span class='h6 kern pangram o8'> 12:59 </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='glide__slide'> <div class='video__hero__card fill-h pointer ' data-function='trigger' data-name='video' data-id='105359'> <div class='relative'> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard '> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="1720" height="968" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-1720x968.jpg" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-520x293.jpg 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px" /> </div> </div> <button class='play-button relative absolute fit-x mxa' title='Play' > <span class='__circle absolute fit-x transition--color text-white'></span> <span class='__icon absolute text-ff8600'></span> </button> </div> <h3 class='noe o8 mt1 mb025'> Quantum Computers, Explained With Quantum Physics </h3> <div class='flex flex-items-center '> <svg class='o2 icon-s mr05' x='0px' y='0px' viewbox='0 0 50 50' xml:space='preserve'><path fill='currentColor' d='M25,0C11.2,0,0,11.2,0,25c0,13.8,11.2,25,25,25c13.8,0,25-11.2,25-25C50,11.2,38.8,0,25,0z M31.6,33.3l-8.5-7.5V13.2h3.7v11 l7.2,6.4L31.6,33.3z'></path></svg> <span class='h6 kern pangram o8'> 09:59 </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='glide__slide'> <div class='video__hero__card fill-h pointer ' data-function='trigger' data-name='video' data-id='98361'> <div class='relative'> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard '> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="1720" height="968" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-1720x968.jpg" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-520x293.jpg 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px" /> </div> </div> <button class='play-button relative absolute fit-x mxa' title='Play' > <span class='__circle absolute fit-x transition--color text-white'></span> <span class='__icon absolute text-ff8600'></span> </button> </div> <h3 class='noe o8 mt1 mb025'> The Riemann Hypothesis, Explained </h3> <div class='flex flex-items-center '> <svg class='o2 icon-s mr05' x='0px' y='0px' viewbox='0 0 50 50' xml:space='preserve'><path fill='currentColor' d='M25,0C11.2,0,0,11.2,0,25c0,13.8,11.2,25,25,25c13.8,0,25-11.2,25-25C50,11.2,38.8,0,25,0z M31.6,33.3l-8.5-7.5V13.2h3.7v11 l7.2,6.4L31.6,33.3z'></path></svg> <span class='h6 kern pangram o8'> 16:23 </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-glide-el='controls'> <button class='glide__arrow--prev slideshow__controls flickity-prev-next-button previous' data-glide-dir='|<' aria-label='previous'> <svg viewbox='0 0 100 100'><path d='M 10,50 L 60,100 L 70,90 L 30,50 L 70,10 L 60,0 Z' transform=''></path></svg> </button> <button class='glide__arrow--next slideshow__controls flickity-prev-next-button next' data-glide-dir='|>' aria-label='next'> <svg viewbox='0 0 100 100'><path d='M 10,50 L 60,100 L 70,90 L 30,50 L 70,10 L 60,0 Z' transform='translate(100, 100) rotate(180)'></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <section class='outer video__listing' id='explore-all-videos'> <div class='mha container--m'> <div class='pv2 mt2 align-c'> <h2 class='h1 noe mv0'>Explore All Videos</h2> </div> <div class='flex grid--small mhn1'> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/space-time-the-biggest-problem-in-physics/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>Space-Time: The Biggest Problem in Physics</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a.jpg" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a.jpg 1920w, 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M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/explainers/">Explainers</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/space-time-the-biggest-problem-in-physics/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> Space-Time: The Biggest Problem in Physics </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/ebuder/'> <span class='byline__author uppercase kern light small'>Emily Buder</span> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div 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M11.1,18.8H4.9v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M11.1,9.5H4.9V3.3h6.2V9.5z M35.8,46.7H14.2V28.1h21.7V46.7z M35.8,21.9H14.2V3.3h21.7V21.9z M45.1,46.7h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M45.1,37.4h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/scientist-interviews/">Interviews</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/searching-for-dark-matter-with-a-tabletop-quantum-compass/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> Searching for Dark Matter with a Tabletop ‘Quantum Compass’ </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By 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</div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p>The physicist Alex Sushkov has developed one of the most targeted magnetic resonance experiments to date with the aim of detecting a hypothetical dark matter particle called the axion.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/can-large-language-models-understand-meaning/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>Can Large Language Models Understand ‘Meaning’?</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="2560" height="1440" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ElliePavlick-crAdamWasilewski-Video-cover-1-scaled.webp" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" 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flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/ebuder/'> <span class='byline__author uppercase kern light small'>Emily Buder</span> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>April 29, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='comments-button mr05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-name='comment-bubble' > <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/can-large-language-models-understand-meaning/#comments' class='flex flex-items-center pangram'> <svg viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='o2'><title>Comment</title><path fill='currentColor' d='M9.4 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relative z1 uppercase kern--w mx025'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Read Later</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Brown University computer scientist Ellie Pavlick is translating philosophical concepts such as “understanding” and “meaning” into concrete ideas that are testable on LLMs.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/predicting-eclipses-the-three-body-problem/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>Predicting Eclipses: The Three Body Problem</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="1920" height="1080" 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d='M1.8,0.2v49.6h46.5V0.2H1.8z M11.1,46.7H4.9v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M11.1,37.4H4.9v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M11.1,28.1H4.9v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M11.1,18.8H4.9v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M11.1,9.5H4.9V3.3h6.2V9.5z M35.8,46.7H14.2V28.1h21.7V46.7z M35.8,21.9H14.2V3.3h21.7V21.9z M45.1,46.7h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M45.1,37.4h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/discoveries/">Discoveries</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/predicting-eclipses-the-three-body-problem/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> Predicting Eclipses: The Three Body Problem </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/asantanasimonsfoundation-org/'> <span class='byline__author uppercase kern light small'>Arleen Santana</span> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>April 5, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='comments-button mr05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-name='comment-bubble' > <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/predicting-eclipses-the-three-body-problem/#comments' class='flex flex-items-center pangram'> <svg viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='o2'><title>Comment</title><path fill='currentColor' d='M9.4 4.2h31.2c8.6 0 9.4 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kern--w mx025'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Read Later</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Solar eclipse prediction has driven innovation across the history of science and mathematics, from the Saros cycle to Greek geometry to Newton’s calculus to the three-body problem.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/understanding-cryptography-with-these-five-worlds/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>Understanding Cryptography With These Five Worlds</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="2560" height="1440" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-scaled.webp" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-scaled.webp 2560w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-1720x968.webp 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-520x293.webp 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-1536x864.webp 1536w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RussellImpagialzzo-byJenniferSiegwart-VideoCover-2-2048x1152.webp 2048w" 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data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> Understanding Cryptography With These Five Worlds </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/asantanasimonsfoundation-org/'> <span class='byline__author uppercase kern light small'>Arleen Santana</span> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>March 27, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='comments-button mr05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-name='comment-bubble' > <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/understanding-cryptography-with-these-five-worlds/#comments' class='flex flex-items-center pangram'> <svg viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='o2'><title>Comment</title><path fill='currentColor' d='M9.4 4.2h31.2c8.6 0 9.4 7 9.4 15.6s-.7 15.6-9.4 15.6h-2.2l-.9 9.4-18.8-9.4H9.4c-8.6 0-9.4-7-9.4-15.6S.7 4.2 9.4 4.2z'></path></svg> <div> <span class='comments-button__count ml075 small mbold disqus-comment-count' data-disqus-identifier='136639 https://www.quantamagazine.org/?p=136639'></span> </div> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider mh075 relative'></span> <div class='relative'> <button class='bookmark-button mh05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-toggle-hover='tooltip' data-id='136639' data-active-class='' aria-expanded='false'> <svg class="icon" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Save Article</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M2.1 0h45.8v50L25.5 37.5 2.1 50V0z"></path></svg> </button> <div class='q-tooltip hidden force-mobile-placement w-32 ml-n16 -top-10'> <div class='q-tooltip-content'> <div class='q-tooltip-arrow -bottom-3'></div> <div class='q-tooltip-inner py-1 pl-1' role='tooltip'> <div class='h6t relative z1 uppercase kern--w mx025'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Read Later</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p>Russell Impagliazzo describes the five possible cryptographic worlds we might inhabit.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/why-is-this-basic-computer-science-problem-so-hard/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>Why Is This Basic Computer Science Problem So Hard?</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="2560" height="1440" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-scaled.jpg" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-520x293.jpg 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Reachability-Thumbnail-NO-TEXT-2048x1152.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> </div> <div class='card__image__icon absolute fit-l fit-b px1'> <svg class='icon block white' x='0px' y='0px' viewBox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xml:space='preserve'><path fill='currentColor' d='M1.8,0.2v49.6h46.5V0.2H1.8z M11.1,46.7H4.9v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M11.1,37.4H4.9v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M11.1,28.1H4.9v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M11.1,18.8H4.9v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M11.1,9.5H4.9V3.3h6.2V9.5z M35.8,46.7H14.2V28.1h21.7V46.7z M35.8,21.9H14.2V3.3h21.7V21.9z M45.1,46.7h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M45.1,37.4h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/discoveries/">Discoveries</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/why-is-this-basic-computer-science-problem-so-hard/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> Why Is This Basic Computer Science Problem So Hard? </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/christopher-w-young/'> <span class='byline__author uppercase kern light small'>Christopher W. Young</span> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>March 8, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='comments-button mr05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-name='comment-bubble' > <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/why-is-this-basic-computer-science-problem-so-hard/#comments' class='flex flex-items-center pangram'> <svg viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='o2'><title>Comment</title><path fill='currentColor' d='M9.4 4.2h31.2c8.6 0 9.4 7 9.4 15.6s-.7 15.6-9.4 15.6h-2.2l-.9 9.4-18.8-9.4H9.4c-8.6 0-9.4-7-9.4-15.6S.7 4.2 9.4 4.2z'></path></svg> <div> <span class='comments-button__count ml075 small mbold disqus-comment-count' data-disqus-identifier='136147 https://www.quantamagazine.org/?p=136147'></span> </div> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider mh075 relative'></span> <div class='relative'> <button class='bookmark-button mh05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-toggle-hover='tooltip' data-id='136147' data-active-class='' aria-expanded='false'> <svg class="icon" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Save Article</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M2.1 0h45.8v50L25.5 37.5 2.1 50V0z"></path></svg> </button> <div class='q-tooltip hidden force-mobile-placement w-32 ml-n16 -top-10'> <div class='q-tooltip-content'> <div class='q-tooltip-arrow -bottom-3'></div> <div class='q-tooltip-inner py-1 pl-1' role='tooltip'> <div class='h6t relative z1 uppercase kern--w mx025'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Read Later</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Computer scientists have long used vector addition systems to model how certain programs work, but they didn’t have a full understanding of how complicated they could be. Recent work has finally pinned it down, showing that these problems are far more complicated than they seem. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/how-a-new-x-ray-technique-sees-into-black-holes/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>How a New X-Ray Technique Sees Black Holes</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="2560" height="1440" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-scaled.webp" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-scaled.webp 2560w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-1720x968.webp 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-520x293.webp 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-1536x864.webp 1536w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ErinKara-byKatherineTaylor-VideoCover-2048x1152.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> </div> <div class='card__image__icon absolute fit-l fit-b px1'> <svg class='icon block white' x='0px' y='0px' viewBox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xml:space='preserve'><path fill='currentColor' d='M1.8,0.2v49.6h46.5V0.2H1.8z M11.1,46.7H4.9v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M11.1,37.4H4.9v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M11.1,28.1H4.9v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M11.1,18.8H4.9v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M11.1,9.5H4.9V3.3h6.2V9.5z M35.8,46.7H14.2V28.1h21.7V46.7z M35.8,21.9H14.2V3.3h21.7V21.9z M45.1,46.7h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M45.1,37.4h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/scientist-interviews/">Interviews</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/how-a-new-x-ray-technique-sees-into-black-holes/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> How a New X-Ray Technique Sees Black Holes </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <span> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/ebuder/'> <span class='byline__author small uppercase kern light'>Emily Buder</span> </a> <span class='orange italic pointer' data-type='author' data-toggle-hover='tooltip' aria-expanded> +1 authors</span> <div class='q-tooltip hidden force-mobile-placement w-31 -top-8 ml-n14'> <div class='q-tooltip-content'> <div class='q-tooltip-arrow -bottom-3 left-1/2'></div> <div class='q-tooltip-inner py-1 pl-1' role='tooltip'> <div class='byline__tooltip__author color-transition relative mx025 h6t' data-toggle-hover='author'> <a class='uppercase kern--w merriweather theme__primary--hover transition--color' href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/christopher-w-young/'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Christopher W. Young</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>February 12, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='comments-button mr05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-name='comment-bubble' > <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/how-a-new-x-ray-technique-sees-into-black-holes/#comments' class='flex flex-items-center pangram'> <svg viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='o2'><title>Comment</title><path fill='currentColor' d='M9.4 4.2h31.2c8.6 0 9.4 7 9.4 15.6s-.7 15.6-9.4 15.6h-2.2l-.9 9.4-18.8-9.4H9.4c-8.6 0-9.4-7-9.4-15.6S.7 4.2 9.4 4.2z'></path></svg> <div> <span class='comments-button__count ml075 small mbold disqus-comment-count' data-disqus-identifier='135259 https://www.quantamagazine.org/?p=135259'></span> </div> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider mh075 relative'></span> <div class='relative'> <button class='bookmark-button mh05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-toggle-hover='tooltip' data-id='135259' data-active-class='' aria-expanded='false'> <svg class="icon" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Save Article</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M2.1 0h45.8v50L25.5 37.5 2.1 50V0z"></path></svg> </button> <div class='q-tooltip hidden force-mobile-placement w-32 ml-n16 -top-10'> <div class='q-tooltip-content'> <div class='q-tooltip-arrow -bottom-3'></div> <div class='q-tooltip-inner py-1 pl-1' role='tooltip'> <div class='h6t relative z1 uppercase kern--w mx025'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Read Later</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p>Astrophysicist Erin Kara explores black holes by carefully tracking the gas and plasma swirling near their event horizons.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/decoding-mandelbrot-set/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>Decoding Math’s Most Famous Fractal</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Video-Cover-1.webp" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Video-Cover-1.webp 1920w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Video-Cover-1-1720x968.webp 1720w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Video-Cover-1-520x293.webp 520w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Video-Cover-1-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Video-Cover-1-1536x864.webp 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class='card__image__icon absolute fit-l fit-b px1'> <svg class='icon block white' x='0px' y='0px' viewBox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xml:space='preserve'><path fill='currentColor' d='M1.8,0.2v49.6h46.5V0.2H1.8z M11.1,46.7H4.9v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M11.1,37.4H4.9v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M11.1,28.1H4.9v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M11.1,18.8H4.9v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M11.1,9.5H4.9V3.3h6.2V9.5z M35.8,46.7H14.2V28.1h21.7V46.7z M35.8,21.9H14.2V3.3h21.7V21.9z M45.1,46.7h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M45.1,37.4h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/explainers/">Explainers</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/decoding-mandelbrot-set/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> Decoding Math’s Most Famous Fractal </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/christopher-w-young/'> <span class='byline__author uppercase kern light small'>Christopher W. Young</span> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>January 27, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='comments-button mr05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-name='comment-bubble' > <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/decoding-mandelbrot-set/#comments' class='flex flex-items-center pangram'> <svg viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='o2'><title>Comment</title><path fill='currentColor' d='M9.4 4.2h31.2c8.6 0 9.4 7 9.4 15.6s-.7 15.6-9.4 15.6h-2.2l-.9 9.4-18.8-9.4H9.4c-8.6 0-9.4-7-9.4-15.6S.7 4.2 9.4 4.2z'></path></svg> <div> <span class='comments-button__count ml075 small mbold disqus-comment-count' data-disqus-identifier='134745 https://www.quantamagazine.org/?p=134745'></span> </div> </a> </div> <span class='o-divider mh075 relative'></span> <div class='relative'> <button class='bookmark-button mh05 flex flex-items-center theme__accent-hover ' data-toggle-hover='tooltip' data-id='134745' data-active-class='' aria-expanded='false'> <svg class="icon" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Save Article</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M2.1 0h45.8v50L25.5 37.5 2.1 50V0z"></path></svg> </button> <div class='q-tooltip hidden force-mobile-placement w-32 ml-n16 -top-10'> <div class='q-tooltip-content'> <div class='q-tooltip-arrow -bottom-3'></div> <div class='q-tooltip-inner py-1 pl-1' role='tooltip'> <div class='h6t relative z1 uppercase kern--w mx025'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Read Later</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='card__excerpt h5 pangram o6 mb4 mt025'> <p>Mathematicians working in the field of complex dynamical systems are patiently unraveling the Mandelbrot set’s mysteries and may be on the verge of solving a fundamental conjecture that would allow them to describe the set completely.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='three--large two--small ph1'> <div class='card clearfix mv05 pv1 is-always-grid-variant'> <div class='card__image mr1 mb1' data-toggle-hover='card'> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/the-math-hiding-in-plain-sight/' class='relative'> <span class='screen-reader-text'>The Math Hiding in Plain Sight</span> <div class='image mx0 relative image--standard'> <div class='image__inner absolute fit-x is-loaded'> <img width="2560" height="1440" src="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/SarahHart-byPhilippAmmon-VideoCover-scaled.webp" class="absolute fit-x fill-h fill-v mxa" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.quantamagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/SarahHart-byPhilippAmmon-VideoCover-scaled.webp 2560w, 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M11.1,9.5H4.9V3.3h6.2V9.5z M35.8,46.7H14.2V28.1h21.7V46.7z M35.8,21.9H14.2V3.3h21.7V21.9z M45.1,46.7h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V46.7z M45.1,37.4h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V37.4z M45.1,28.1h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V28.1z M45.1,18.8h-6.2v-6.2h6.2V18.8z M45.1,9.5h-6.2V3.3h6.2V9.5z'></path></svg> </div> </a> </div> <div class='card__content '> <div class='mb1 pb025 mt0 h6t card__kicker'> <a class="kicker theme__accent theme__text-hover uppercase" href="/videos/playlist/scientist-interviews/">Interviews</a> </div> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/videos/the-math-hiding-in-plain-sight/' data-toggle-hover='card'> <h3 class='card__title noe mv0 theme__accent-hover transition--color h2t'> The Math Hiding in Plain Sight </h3> </a> <div class='card__meta mb0 mt025 flex flex-items-center flex-wrap'> <div class='byline relative flex flex-items-start merriweather mv025 mr1 gray3 h6t theme__text-hover'> <em class='byline__by gray4 mr075'>By </em> <span> <a href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/christopher-w-young/'> <span class='byline__author small uppercase kern light'>Christopher W. Young</span> </a> <span class='orange italic pointer' data-type='author' data-toggle-hover='tooltip' aria-expanded> +1 authors</span> <div class='q-tooltip hidden force-mobile-placement w-31 -top-8 ml-n14'> <div class='q-tooltip-content'> <div class='q-tooltip-arrow -bottom-3 left-1/2'></div> <div class='q-tooltip-inner py-1 pl-1' role='tooltip'> <div class='byline__tooltip__author color-transition relative mx025 h6t' data-toggle-hover='author'> <a class='uppercase kern--w merriweather theme__primary--hover transition--color' href='https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/ebuder/'> <span class='small no-wrap'>Emily Buder</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span> </div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative h6'></span> <div class='card-date h6 flex flex-items-center mv05'> <div class='uppercase mr1 kern small gray3'>January 12, 2024</div> <span class='o-divider o-divider--vertical mr1 relative'></span> </div> <div class='card__actions h6 flex flex-items-center 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</div> </main> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> let videoArray = {"142046":{"cover_image":"<img width=\"1720\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a-1720x968.jpg\" class=\"absolute fit-x\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a-520x293.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Spacetime-YT-Thumbnail-02a.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\" \/>","youtube_id":"RIqVnFtOSr4","attr":"<p>Emily Buder\/<em>Quanta Magazine<\/em><\/p>\n","title":"Space-Time: The Biggest Problem in Physics","caption":"<p>What is the deepest level of reality? In this Quanta explainer, Vijay Balasubramanian, a physicist at the University of Pennsylvania, takes us on a journey through space-time to investigate what it\u2019s made of, why it\u2019s failing us, and where physics can go next.<\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-unraveling-of-space-time-20240925\/","excerpt":"What is the deepest level of reality? In this Quanta explainer, Vijay Balasubramanian, a physicist at the University of Pennsylvania, takes us on a journey through space-time to investigate what it\u2019s made of, why it\u2019s failing us, and where physics can go next."},"133594":{"cover_image":"<img width=\"1720\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YIR_Math-MerrillSherman_Kristina-Armitage-Lede-1720x968.webp\" class=\"absolute fit-x\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YIR_Math-MerrillSherman_Kristina-Armitage-Lede-1720x968.webp 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YIR_Math-MerrillSherman_Kristina-Armitage-Lede-520x293.webp 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YIR_Math-MerrillSherman_Kristina-Armitage-Lede-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YIR_Math-MerrillSherman_Kristina-Armitage-Lede-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YIR_Math-MerrillSherman_Kristina-Armitage-Lede-2048x1152.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\" \/>","youtube_id":"4HHUGnHcDQw","attr":"<p>Christopher Webb Young, Kristina Armitage and Merrill Sherman\/<i data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Quanta Magazine<\/i><\/p>\n","title":"2023\u2019s Biggest Breakthroughs in Math","caption":"<p>In 2023, mathematicians improved bounds on Ramsey numbers, a central measure of order in graphs; found a new aperiodic monotile; and discovered a new upper bound to the size of sets without 3-term arithmetic progressions.<\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/the-biggest-discoveries-in-math-in-2023-20231222\/","excerpt":"In 2023, mathematicians improved bounds on Ramsey numbers, a central measure of order in graphs; found a new aperiodic monotile; and discovered a new upper bound to the size of sets without 3-term arithmetic progressions."},"132820":{"cover_image":"<img width=\"1720\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YTCover-ComputationalComplexity-notext-1720x968.webp\" class=\"absolute fit-x\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YTCover-ComputationalComplexity-notext-1720x968.webp 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YTCover-ComputationalComplexity-notext-520x293.webp 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YTCover-ComputationalComplexity-notext-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YTCover-ComputationalComplexity-notext-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/YTCover-ComputationalComplexity-notext.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\" \/>","youtube_id":"pQsdygaYcE4","attr":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher Webb Young\/<em>Quanta Magazine<\/em><\/p>\n","title":"P vs. NP \u2013 The Greatest Unsolved Problem in Computer Science","caption":"<p>Is it possible to invent a computer that computes anything in a flash? Or could some problems stump even the most powerful of computers? Computational complexity theorists study these questions and others in the hopes of determining the limits of a computer\u2019s powers.<\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/complexity-theorys-50-year-journey-to-the-limits-of-knowledge-20230817\/","excerpt":"Can some problems stump even the most powerful of computers? Computational complexity theorists study questions like this hoping to determine the limits of a computer\u2019s powers."},"126194":{"cover_image":"<img width=\"1720\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-1720x968.jpg\" class=\"absolute fit-x\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-520x293.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/0519_MatrixMultiplication-NO-LOGO.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\" \/>","youtube_id":"fDAPJ7rvcUw","attr":"<p>Christopher Webb Young\/<em>Quanta Magazine<\/em>; Emily Zhang for <em>Quanta Magazine<\/em><\/p>\n","title":"How a Computer Broke a 50-Year Math Record","caption":"<p>DeepMind researchers trained an AI system called AlphaTensor to find new, faster algorithms for matrix multiplication. AlphaTensor quickly rediscovered \u2014 and surpassed, for some cases \u2014 the reigning algorithm discovered by German mathematician Volker Strassen in 1969.<\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/ai-reveals-new-possibilities-in-matrix-multiplication-20221123\/","excerpt":"DeepMind researchers successfully trained an AI called AlphaTensor to find new, faster algorithms for matrix multiplication."},"105359":{"cover_image":"<img width=\"1720\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-1720x968.jpg\" class=\"absolute fit-x\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-520x293.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/0607_QComputer_Lede-2880x1620_F_v0-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\" \/>","youtube_id":"jHoEjvuPoB8","attr":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/authors\/ebuder\">Emily Buder<\/a>\/Quanta Magazine;\u00a0Adrian Vasquez de Velasco,<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/cyticre.com\/\">Chris FitzGerald<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/davidope.com\/\">DVDP<\/a> for Quanta Magazine<\/p>\n","title":"Quantum Computers, Explained With Quantum Physics","caption":"<p>Quantum computers aren\u2019t the next generation of supercomputers \u2014 they\u2019re something else entirely. Before we can even begin to talk about their potential applications, we need to understand the fundamental physics that drives the theory of quantum computing.<\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/why-is-quantum-computing-so-hard-to-explain-20210608\/","excerpt":"Quantum computers aren\u2019t the next generation of supercomputers \u2014 they\u2019re something else entirely. Before we can even begin to talk about their potential applications, we need to understand the fundamental physics that drives the theory of quantum computing."},"98361":{"cover_image":"<img width=\"1720\" height=\"968\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-1720x968.jpg\" class=\"absolute fit-x\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-1720x968.jpg 1720w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-520x293.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Riemann-Hypothesis-Lede-still-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1720px) 100vw, 1720px\" \/>","youtube_id":"zlm1aajH6gY","attr":"<p>Emily Buder\/Quanta Magazine; Guan-Huei Wu and Clay Shonkwiler for Quanta Magazine<\/p>\n","title":"The Riemann Hypothesis, Explained","caption":"<p>Alex Kontorovich, professor of mathematics at Rutgers University, breaks down the notoriously difficult Riemann hypothesis in this comprehensive explainer. <\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/how-i-learned-to-love-and-fear-the-riemann-hypothesis-20210104\/","excerpt":"Alex Kontorovich, professor of mathematics at Rutgers University, breaks down the notoriously difficult Riemann hypothesis in this comprehensive explainer. 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c3.9,0,7.2,1.4,9.8,3.8l-4,3.8c-1.1-1-3-2.2-5.8-2.2c-5,0-9,4.1-9,9.2c0,5.1,4.1,9.2,9,9.2c5.8,0,7.9-4.1,8.3-6.3h-8.3v-5H28.4z M43.8,22.9l0-6.2l-4.2,0l0,6.2l-6.2,0l0,4.2l6.2,0l0,6.2l4.2,0l0-6.2l6.2,0l0-4.2L43.8,22.9z'></path></svg> <span>Connect with Google</span> </button> </a> </div> </div> <div class='login-modal__center'> <span class='login-modal__center__or gray2 italic mbold'>or</span> </div> <div class='login-modal__right'> <form class='login-form'> <div class='input-container'> <input type='email' name='login_email' id='login_email' value='' class='' autocomplete='off' required> <label for='login_email' data-label='email'>email</label> </div> <div class='input-container'> <input type='password' name='login_password' id='login_password' value='' class='' required> <label for='login_password' data-label='password'>password</label> </div> <div class='checkbox-container'> <input type='checkbox' value='login_remember' id='login_remember' name='login_remember' readonly checked> <i class='psuedo-checkbox'></i> <label for='login_remember'>Remember me</label> </div> <div class='login-modal__submit'> <input type='submit' class='button login__submit orange mr1' value='Log in' disabled> <p class='theme__accent link scale5 pangram inline medium color-transition hover--black' data-function='trigger' data-name='forgot-password'> <span class='no-wrap' aria-haspopup='dialog'>Forgot your password ?</span> <svg class='icon ml05 icon icon-offset' viewbox='0 0 50 50' enable-background='new 0 0 50 50'><path fill='currentColor' d='M50 25l-17.4-8.7v6.5H0v4.4h32.6v6.5'></path></svg> </p> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class='login__signup fill-h align-c h4 pangram bold'>Don't have an account yet? <span class='theme__accent link no-wrap color-transition hover--black' aria-haspopup='dialog' data-function='trigger' data-name='sign-up'> Sign up</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class='modal-portal hidden ' data-function='toggle' data-name='forgot-password'> <div class='modal flex forgot-password flex-items-start'> <div class='modal__overlay fixed inset-0 z-0'> </div> <div class='modal__content bg-white mha is-open is-visible relative size--small'> <div class='modal__close align-r pt1 pr1 absolute fit-r fit-t z10 transition--color theme__accent theme__text-hover'> <button class='px1' data-function='trigger' data-name='forgot-password'> <svg class="icon inline-block" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xml:space="preserve"><title>Close</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M29.8,25l19.6,19.6l-4.8,4.8L25,29.8L5.4,49.4l-4.8-4.8L20.2,25L0.6,5.4l4.8-4.8L25,20.2L44.6,0.6l4.8,4.8L29.8,25z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <div class='forgot-password-modal align-l' role='dialog' aria-labelledby='forgot-password-dialog-title'> <div class='forgot-password-modal__inner'> <div class='noe h0 mt0 mb025' id='forgot-password-dialog-title'>Forgot your password?</div> <p class='italic gray4 mt0'>We’ll email you instructions to reset your password</p> </div> <div class='modal__error fill-h px2 mb2 theme__accent bg-gray1 h5 pangram uppercase kern align-c medium hidden'> <div class='forgot-password-modal__inner'></div> </div> <div class='forgot-password-message'></div> <div class='forgot-password-modal__inner'> <form class='forgot-password-form'> <div class='input-container'> <input type='email' name='forgot_password_email' id='forgot_password_email' value='' required> <label for='forgot_password_email' data-label='email'>email</label> </div> <input type='submit' class='login__submit button orange' value='Send' disabled> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class='modal-portal hidden ' data-function='toggle' data-name='reset-password'> <div class='modal flex reset-password flex-items-start'> <div class='modal__overlay fixed inset-0 z-0'> </div> <div class='modal__content bg-white mha is-open is-visible relative size--small'> <div class='modal__close align-r pt1 pr1 absolute fit-r fit-t z10 transition--color theme__accent theme__text-hover'> <button class='px1' data-function='trigger' data-name='reset-password'> <svg class="icon inline-block" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xml:space="preserve"><title>Close</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M29.8,25l19.6,19.6l-4.8,4.8L25,29.8L5.4,49.4l-4.8-4.8L20.2,25L0.6,5.4l4.8-4.8L25,20.2L44.6,0.6l4.8,4.8L29.8,25z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <div class='reset-password-modal align-l'> <div class='reset-password-modal__inner'> <div class='noe h0 mt0 mb025'>Change your password</div> <p class='italic gray4 mt0'>Enter your new password</p> </div> <div class='reset-password-message'></div> <div class='modal__error fill-h px2 mb2 theme__accent bg-gray1 h5 pangram uppercase kern hidden'> <div class='reset-password-modal__inner'></div> </div> <div class='reset-password-modal__inner'> <form class='reset-password-form'> <div class='input-container'> <input type='password' name='new_password' id='new_password' value='' class='password' required> <label for='new_password' data-label='Password'>Password</label> </div> <div class='input-container'> <input type='password' name='new_password_verify' id='new_password_verify' value='' class='password-verify' required> <label for='new_password_verify' data-label='Retype new password'>Retype new password</label> </div> <input type='submit' class='login__submit button orange' value='Send' disabled> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class='modal-portal hidden ' data-function='toggle' data-name='sign-up'> <div class='modal flex sign-up flex-items-start'> <div class='modal__overlay fixed inset-0 z-0'> </div> <div class='modal__content bg-white mha is-open is-visible relative size--small'> <div class='modal__close align-r pt1 pr1 absolute fit-r fit-t z10 transition--color theme__accent theme__text-hover'> <button class='px1' data-function='trigger' data-name='sign-up'> <svg class="icon inline-block" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 50 50" enable-background="new 0 0 50 50" xml:space="preserve"><title>Close</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M29.8,25l19.6,19.6l-4.8,4.8L25,29.8L5.4,49.4l-4.8-4.8L20.2,25L0.6,5.4l4.8-4.8L25,20.2L44.6,0.6l4.8,4.8L29.8,25z"></path></svg> </button> </div> <div class='signup-modal' role='dialog' aria-labelledby='signup-dialog-title'> <div class='signup-modal__inner'> <div class='noe h0 align-c mt0 mb1' id='signup-dialog-title'>Sign Up</div> </div> <div class='modal__error fill-h px2 mb2 theme__accent bg-gray1 h5 pangram uppercase kern align-c medium hidden'> <div class='signup-modal__inner'></div> </div> <div class='signup-modal__inner'> <form class='sign-up-form'> <div class='input-container'> <input type='text' name='sign_up_first_name' id='sign_up_first_name' value='' class='' required> <label for='sign_up_first_name' data-label='First Name'>First Name</label> </div> <div class='input-container'> <input type='text' name='sign_up_last_name' id='sign_up_last_name' value='' 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