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us</a></li><li class="ecl-menu__subitem" data-ecl-menu-subitem ><a href="/trimis-news" class="ecl-menu__sublink" >Newsletter</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></section></div></nav> </div> </header> <div class="ecl-container ecl-container-hide"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div> <nav class="ecl-breadcrumb" aria-label="" data-ecl-breadcrumb="true" data-ecl-auto-init="Breadcrumb"><ol class="ecl-breadcrumb__container"><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"><a href="/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Home</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__segment--ellipsis" data-ecl-breadcrumb-ellipsis ><button class="ecl-button ecl-button--ghost ecl-breadcrumb__ellipsis" type="button" data-ecl-breadcrumb-ellipsis-button aria-label="">…</button><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="expandable"><a href="/search?f%5B0%5D=type%3Aproject" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Project</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"><a href="" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >Targeted Advanced Research for Global Efficiency of Transportation Shipping</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--2xs ecl-icon--rotate-90 ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page">Targeted Advanced Research for Global Efficiency of Transportation Shipping</li></ol></nav> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-pagetitle"> <h1><span>Targeted Advanced Research for Global Efficiency of Transportation Shipping</span> </h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div> <div id="block-trimis-main-page-content" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article> <div class="wrapper-pro"> <div class="proj-label explore-label"> PROJECTS</div> <div id="explore-wrapper"> <div id="left-col"> <div class="field_ref_countries container_field"> <div class="label">Funding</div> <div class="field"> <div class="field" > <div class="name">European</div> <div class="field_countries_icon"> <img width="40" height="40" src="/system/files/countries/icons/2021-05/EU.svg" alt="European Union" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_proj_date_range container_field"> <div class="label">Duration</div> <div class="field" ><time datetime="2010-12-01T12:00:00Z">12/2010</time> - <time datetime="2014-03-01T12:00:00Z">03/2014</time> </div> </div> <div class="field_project_status container_field"> <div class="label">Status</div> <div class="field" >Complete with results</div> </div> <div class="field_proj_geo_spatial_type container_field"> <div class="label">Geo-spatial type</div> <div class="field" >Other</div> </div> <div class="field_project_total_cost container_field"> <div class="label">Total project cost</div> <div content="3562371" class="field" >€3 562 371</div> </div> <div class="field_project_eu_contribution container_field"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="2668391" class="field" >€2 668 391</div> </div> <div class="field_project_website container_field"> <div class="label">Project website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.targets-project.eu">Project website</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field_project_acronym container_field"> <div class="label">Project Acronym</div> <div class="field" >TARGETS</div> </div> <div class="field_trimis_references container_field"> <div class="field_ref_roadmap container_field"> <div class="label">STRIA Roadmaps</div> <div class="field"> <div > <div class="field_roadmap_image_focus"> <img width="40" height="40" src="/system/files/2021-10/VDM%20-%20focus.svg" alt="Vehicle design and manufacturing (VDM)" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_ref_transport_mode container_field"> <div class="label">Transport mode</div> <div > <div class="field_taxonomy_icon"> <div> <img width="40" height="40" src="/system/files/taxonomy/icons/2021-05/Waterborne%20-%20Round%20-%20Blue.svg" alt="Waterborne icon" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_ref_transport_policy container_field"> <div class="label">Transport policies</div> <div class="field"> <div >Environmental/Emissions aspects, </div> <div >Decarbonisation </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_ref_transport_sector container_field"> <div class="label">Transport sectors</div> <div class="field"> <div >Freight transport </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fc-section"> <h3>Overview</h3> <div class="field_proj_call_for_proposal container_field"> <div class="label">Call for proposal</div> <div class="field" >FP7-SST-2010-RTD-1</div> </div> <div class="field_proj_cordis_id container_field"> <div class="label">Link to CORDIS</div> <div class="field" > <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/266008" target="_blank" title="CORDIS ID:">CORDIS ID: 266008</a> </div> </div> <div class="field_proj_background_policy field-long-text"><div class="field_proj_background_policy field-long-text"><div class="field-long-text label">Background & Policy context</div><div class="field-long-text field" ><p>Energy efficiency and environmental considerations are key driving forces determining maritime operation. Economical pressure and international legislation require energy resources to be used sensitively and the associated emissions to be reduced as well as properly treated.</p><p><br>The TARGETS project aimed to support the development and operation of energy efficient ships. Specifically, it sought to provide substantial improvements to cargo ships’ energy consumption.</p></div></div></div><div class="field_proj_objectives field-long-text"><div class="field_proj_objectives field-long-text"><div class="field-long-text label">Objectives</div><div class="field-long-text field" ><p>The prime goal of TARGETS (Targeted Advanced Research for Global Efficiency of Transportation Shipping) was to undertake a global analysis of the most important causes of energy consumption on board of cargo ships in a comprehensive and holistic approach. Having identified resistance and propulsion aspects as primary causes of energy consumption, work will be dedicated to the improvement of such characteristics.</p></div></div></div><div class="field_proj_methodology field-long-text"><div class="field_proj_methodology field-long-text"><div class="field-long-text label">Methodology</div><div class="field-long-text field" ><p>TARGETS assembled a team of leading European fluid dynamics and energy specialists as well as major EU shipping operators, covering container, bulk and tanker cargo operations. The project set out to develop designs, tools and operational guidelines for the energy efficient operation of cargo ships. </p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="fc-section"> <h3>Funding</h3> <div class="label parent-programme-label">Parent Programmes</div> <div class="parent-programme"> <div class="parent-programme-title"> <a href="/programme/transport-including-aeronautics-horizontal-activities-implementation-transport-programme" rel="bookmark"> FP7-TRANSPORT - <span>Transport (Including Aeronautics) - Horizontal activities for implementation of the transport programme (TPT)</span> </a> </div> <div> <div class="field_programme_institution_type container_field"> <div class="label">Institution Type</div> <div class="field" >Public institution</div> </div> <div class="field_programme_institution_name container_field"> <div class="label">Institution Name</div> <div class="field" >The European Commission</div> </div> <div class="field_programme_funding_type container_field"> <div class="label">Type of funding</div> <div class="field" >Public (EU)</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_proj_specific_programme container_field"> <div class="label">Specific funding programme</div> <div class="field"> <div class="field" >FP7-TRANSPORT</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fc-section"> <h3>Results</h3> <div class="field_proj_key_results field-long-text"><div class="field_proj_key_results field-long-text" class="field_proj_key_results field-long-text"><p>The TARGETS project combined the principal elements determining the use of energy consumption on board a cargo ship and integrated them in a holistic simulation to determine optimal solutions. The project’s findings indicate that:</p><ul><li>For form related resistance, computational speed is an important factor determining the efficiency of –RANS based – optimisation processes. Significant speed ups could be achieved for volume of fluid based free surface computations through pre-conditioning and algorithmic improvements.</li><li>The second largest resistance component is due to viscous forces which depend on two main parameters: the viscosity of the fluid and the surface quality. To assess the potential of modern coatings, extensive tank tests have been run to measure the losses associated with surface deterioration and fouling. Depending on the surface condition, significant increases up to 50% have been found for (heavy) calcareous fouling. These findings have been implemented in a scaling procedure which allows to determine the effect of surface deterioration at full scale during operation.</li><li>The effect and net gain of the air lubrication varies strongly. While full ships such as bulkers or tankers show significant benefits, the net gain obtained on slender hull forms is negligible.</li><li>The BLAD – Boundary Layer Alignment Device is meant to work further upstream of the propeller and deflect outer streamlines into the propeller plane, thus reducing the typical axial flow deficiency in the 12 o’clock position of the propeller and harmonising the inflow condition. Using an asymmetric arrangement on port- and starboard side further creates a swirl against the propeller rotation to generate extra thrust. Together with an adapted propeller this yields a reduction of more than 7.5% of PD at the design point.</li><li>The implementation of Speed Selection Optimisation seems to be more promising in comparison to Trim and Ballast Optimisation.</li><li>Wherever reduced speed is not an option, e.g. in a regular scheduled service, CFD simulations which have been performed for the car carrier and the container ship, indicate that some gains can be obtained through trim optimisation as well. The results of the study indicated that there is no common trend between the different vessels investigated Each ship needs to be treated individually, based on the specific hull form, before deciding which trim option is best.</li></ul><h3>Innovation aspects</h3><p>Similar to ship hulls, propeller performance will be affected by surface quality. Deterioration in form of roughness or fouling will increase losses in propeller efficiency due to increased friction. Hence propeller cleaning is an appropriate means to improve the performance of a ship in service. A new prediction algorithm based on Schulz’s method was developed in TARGETS to quantify these losses and hence allow to assess the evolution of propeller performance over time during operation. The method includes an established relationship between the drag and roughness of selected commercial coatings (soft and hard) using experimentally established data from representative coated flat surfaces. The algorithm has been built in an in-house propeller analysis code.</p><h3>Technical Implications</h3><p>Some energy saving potentials will have better results in container vessels while others are more suited to fuller vessels like bulk carriers and tankers. TARGETS has investigated a large number of energy saving potentials and categorised the different identified ESPs with respect to their suitability for various applications and effect.</p><ul><li>Resistance improvement technologies</li><li>Propulsion Improvement Technologies</li><li>Improved auxiliary on-board energy generation</li></ul><h3>Policy implications</h3><p>Although the establishment of Energy Efficiency Design Index [EEDI] is an encouraging step towards the extension of existing environmental regulations and it addresses the issue from the design stage, further development is needed considering that:</p><ul><li>It represents the ship transportation CO2 efficiency at a single point during the life span of the ship disregarding at a stroke operational and maintenance practices;</li><li>The specific fuel consumption of auxiliary engines has minimal impact on EEDI, a rather misleading fact since the installed electric power capacity depends on mission requirements and safety margins;</li><li>Larger payload capacity leads to improved EEDI (the capacity term is in the denominator) and renders larger ships more environmentally friendly in comparison to smaller ones.</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="fc-section"> <h3>Documents</h3> <div class="field_project_documents"> <div><span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="/system/files/project/documents/20150224_165612_15129_targets_technology_report_public.pdf" type="application/pdf" title="20150224_165612_15129_targets_technology_report_public.pdf">Technology Report (Final report)</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fc-section"> <h3>Partners</h3> <div class="field_proj_lead_organisation container_field"> <div class="label">Lead Organisation</div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Hamburgische Schiffbau - Versuchsanstalt Gmbh</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Bramfelder Str. 164, 22305 HAMBURG, Germany </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.hsva.de">http://www.hsva.de</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="728477" class="field" >€728 477</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_proj_partner_organisations container_field"> <div class="label">Partner Organisations</div> <div class="field"> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Safety At Sea Limited</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> St. Vincent Street, 2Nd Floor 280, Glasgow, G2 5RL, United Kingdom </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.safety-at-sea">http://www.safety-at-sea</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="250647" class="field" >€250 647</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Technische Universitat Hamburg</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Am Schwarzenberg Campus 1, 21073 Hamburg, Germany </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.tu-harburg.de">http://www.tu-harburg.de</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="254148" class="field" >€254 148</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Synthesis Marterra Ae</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Sygrou Avenue 367, 17564 Palaio Faliro, Greece </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="30720" class="field" >€30 720</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>The University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Kensington Terrace 6, NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/">http://www.ncl.ac.uk/</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="323040" class="field" >€323 040</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Istanbul Okan Universitesi</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> TEPEOREN MEVKII ISTANBUL PARK, 34959 ISTANBUL, Turkey </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.okan.edu.tr">http://www.okan.edu.tr</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="180600" class="field" >€180 600</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Shipbuilders & Shiprepairers Association</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> MARINE HOUSE, MEDLAKE PLACE, EGHAM, TW208BF, United Kingdom </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.ssa.org.uk">http://www.ssa.org.uk</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="64494" class="field" >€64 494</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>A.p. Moller - Mærsk A/s</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Esplanaden 50, 1098 Copenhagen, Denmark </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.maersk.com">http://www.maersk.com</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="52306" class="field" >€52 306</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Alpha Marine Services Ltd</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Skouze 26, 18536 Piraeus, Greece </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="342510" class="field" >€342 510</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>Center Of Maritime Technologies E. V.</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Bramfelder Strasse 164, 22305 HAMBURG, Germany </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.cmt-net.org">http://www.cmt-net.org</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="210599" class="field" >€210 599</div> </div> </div> <div class="field" > <div class="field_organisation"> <div class="label">Organisation</div> <div class="organisation-title"> <span>University Of Strathclyde</span> </div> <div> <div class="field_organisation_address container_field"> <div class="label">Address</div> <div class="field" ><span translate="no"> Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom </span> </div> </div> <div class="field_organisation_website container_field"> <div class="label">Organisation website</div> <div class="field" ><a href="http://www.strath.ac.uk">http://www.strath.ac.uk</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_eu_contribution"> <div class="label">EU Contribution</div> <div content="230850" class="field" >€230 850</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fc-section fc-section-technologies"> <h3>Technologies</h3> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl field-paragraph"> <div class="field_technology"><div> <div> <div class="label">Technology Theme</div> <div class="field">Electric vehicle batteries (and energy management)</div> </div> <div> <div class="label">Technology</div> <div class="field"> <div class="name">Dynamic energy modelling of ship components</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_development_phase"> <div class="label">Development phase</div> <div class="field" >Research/Invention</div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl field-paragraph"> <div class="field_technology"><div> <div> <div class="label">Technology Theme</div> <div class="field">Electric vehicle batteries (and energy management)</div> </div> <div> <div class="label">Technology</div> <div class="field"> <div class="name">CFD modelling of a boundary layer alignment device</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_development_phase"> <div class="label">Development phase</div> <div class="field" >Research/Invention</div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl field-paragraph"> <div class="field_technology"><div> <div> <div class="label">Technology Theme</div> <div class="field">Ship propulsion</div> </div> <div> <div class="label">Technology</div> <div class="field"> <div class="name">Propeller design analysis</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_development_phase"> <div class="label">Development phase</div> <div class="field" >Research/Invention</div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl field-paragraph"> <div class="field_technology"><div> <div> <div class="label">Technology Theme</div> <div class="field">Energy efficiency</div> </div> <div> <div class="label">Technology</div> <div class="field"> <div class="name">Wind assisted propulsion</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_development_phase"> <div class="label">Development phase</div> <div class="field" >Research/Invention</div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl field-paragraph"> <div class="field_technology"><div> <div> <div class="label">Technology Theme</div> <div class="field">Fuel cells and hydrogen fuel</div> </div> <div> <div class="label">Technology</div> <div class="field"> <div class="name">Fuel cell for ship propulsion and auxiliary energy generation</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field_development_phase"> <div class="label">Development phase</div> <div class="field" >Research/Invention</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div id="block-submityourprojectblock" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <div class="clear-both" id="submit-your-project-block"> <div class="submit-block"> <h2>Contribute! 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