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id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ana menü</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gezinti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" title="Anasayfayı ziyaret et [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Anasayfa</span></a></li><li id="n-Hakkımızda" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Hakk%C4%B1nda"><span>Hakkımızda</span></a></li><li id="n-İçindekiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:G%C3%B6z_at"><span>İçindekiler</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Rastgele" title="Rastgele bir sayfaya gidin [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rastgele madde</span></a></li><li id="n-Seçkin-içerik" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Se%C3%A7kin_i%C3%A7erik"><span>Seçkin içerik</span></a></li><li id="n-Yakınımdakiler" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Yak%C4%B1n%C4%B1mdakiler"><span>Yakınımdakiler</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Katılım" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Katılım" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Katılım </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C4%B0%C3%A7indekiler" title="Yardım almak için"><span>Yardım</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Anasayfa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Vikipedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tr.svg" style="width: 6.6875em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Özgür Ansiklopedi" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tr.svg" width="104" height="13" style="width: 6.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Ara" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ara</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" aria-label="Vikipedi üzerinde ara" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Vikipedi içinde ara [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Özel:Ara"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ara</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kişisel araçlar"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Sayfanın yazı tipi boyutunun, genişliğinin ve renginin görünümünü değiştirin" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr" class=""><span>Bağış yapın</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Fonon" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir" class=""><span>Hesap oluştur</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Fonon" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Oturum aç</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tr.wikipedia.org&uselang=tr"><span>Bağış yapın</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:HesapOlu%C5%9Ftur&returnto=Fonon" title="Bir hesap oluşturup oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir ancak bu zorunlu değildir"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1OturumuA%C3%A7ma&returnto=Fonon" title="Oturum açmanız tavsiye edilmektedir; ancak bu zorunlu değildir [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Oturum aç</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çıkış yapmış editörler için sayfalar <a href="/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:Giri%C5%9F" aria-label="Değişiklik yapma hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin"><span>daha fazla bilgi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fonon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 50 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="فونون - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فونون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%27%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="ফ'নন - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ'নন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фанон - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фанон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="ফোনন - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফোনন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%B3" title="Fonó - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fonó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%86%D9%86%DB%86%D9%86" title="فۆنۆن - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فۆنۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phonon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Φωνόνιο - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωνόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phonon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%B3n" title="Fonón - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fonón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foonon" title="Foonon - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Foonon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="فونون - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فونون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fononi" title="Fononi - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fononi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phonon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3n%C3%B3n" title="Fónón - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fónón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פונון - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פונון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="फोनॉन - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फोनॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆոնոն - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոնոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonone" title="Fonone - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fonone" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3" title="フォノン - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォノン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%85%BC" title="포논 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포논" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Kırgızca" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kırgızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B4non" title="Fônon - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fônon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phonon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon%C3%B3n" title="Fonón - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fonón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="โฟนอน - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โฟนอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фонон - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фонон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="فونون - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فونون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fonon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon" title="Phonon - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phonon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%90" title="声子 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="声子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186608#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fonon" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Fonon" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fonon"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fonon"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Fonon" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Fonon" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&oldid=33713288" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Fonon&id=33713288&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFonon"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFonon"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fonon"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fonon&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lattice_vibrations" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186608" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Uzman plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Bu maddenin veya maddenin bir bölümünün gelişebilmesi için alakalı konuda uzman kişilere gereksinim duyulmaktadır.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br />Ayrıntılar için lütfen <a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Fonon" title="Tartışma:Fonon">tartışma sayfasını</a> inceleyin veya yeni bir tartışma başlatın.<br /><small>Konu hakkında uzman birini bulmaya yardımcı olarak ya da maddeye gerekli bilgileri <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:EditPage/Fonon" title="Özel:EditPage/Fonon">ekleyerek</a> Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.</small><br /></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Ağustos 2011</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:1D_normal_modes_(280_kB).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/1D_normal_modes_%28280_kB%29.gif" decoding="async" width="275" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">Kristal</a> boyunca <a href="/wiki/Titre%C5%9Fim" title="Titreşim">titreşimin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Normal_mod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Normal mod (sayfa mevcut değil)">normal modda</a> ilerlemesi. Hareketin <a href="/wiki/Genlik" title="Genlik">genliği</a> görüş kolaylığı açısından abartılmıştır. Normal bir kristalde, genellikle bu hareketin genliği <a href="/wiki/Kafes_sabiti" title="Kafes sabiti">Kafes sabitinden</a> küçüktür.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fonon</b>, bir kristal örgüsünde bulunan atomların ortak titreşimlerinin nicesidir. Fiziksel olarak bir parçacık olmadığı için genellikle parçacığımsı olarak adlandırılır. <a href="/wiki/Optik" title="Optik">Optik</a> ve akustik fonon olmak üzere iki çeşidi bulunur. Optik fononların enerjileri daha yüksektir ve fotonla çiftleşmeleri daha kolay olur. Akustik fononlar ise daha düşük enerjilidir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bir örgüde tetiklenebilecek fonon sayısını hesaplamak için birim hücredeki <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> sayısı her bir atomun serbestlik derecesiyle çarpılır. Örneğin <a href="/wiki/Silisyum" title="Silisyum">silisyum</a> kristalinin birim hücresinde 2 adet silisyum atomu bulunur, her bir atom ise 3 eksende salınabilir (x,y,z) dolayısıyla silisyum kristalinde toplam 6 adet fonon tetiklenir. Optik fonon sayısı serbestlik derecesi kadardır. Geriye kalan fononlar ise akustik fononlardır. Yani silisyum kristalinde 3 adet optik ve 6-3=3 adet akustik fonon bulunur. </p><p>Kristal yapıda tetiklenen fononlar <a href="/wiki/Raman_sa%C3%A7%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Raman saçılması">Raman saçılmasıyla</a> gözlemlenebilir. </p><p>Fononların süperiletkenlikte önemli rolleri vardır. İki elektronun bir araya gelmesiyle oluşan <a href="/wiki/Cooper_%C3%A7ifti" title="Cooper çifti">cooper çiftleri</a>, fonon alışverişiyle birlikte kalırlar. Süperiletkendeki titreşim artması veya azalması da fonona bağlıdır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonon&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak tez">Özütok, Fatma (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acikerisim.selcuk.edu.tr/items/4178f491-f9fa-4b7b-9cc7-f3aee2b3c50f"><i>Kuantum Kuyu Yapılarda Optik Fonon Modları</i></a> (Tez). <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uklu" class="mw-redirect" title="Selçuklu">Selçuklu</a>: Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 29 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240729190425/https://acikerisim.selcuk.edu.tr/items/4178f491-f9fa-4b7b-9cc7-f3aee2b3c50f">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">29 Temmuz</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Kuantum+Kuyu+Yap%C4%B1larda+Optik+Fonon+Modlar%C4%B1&rft.inst=Sel%C3%A7uk+%C3%9Cniversitesi+Fen+Bilimleri+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=%C3%96z%C3%BCtok&rft.aufirst=Fatma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facikerisim.selcuk.edu.tr%2Fitems%2F4178f491-f9fa-4b7b-9cc7-f3aee2b3c50f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3AFonon" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fizikteki_parçacıklar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25548259">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k_fizi%C4%9Fi" title="Parçacık fiziği">Fizikteki parçacıklar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temel_par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k" title="Temel parçacık">Temel</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermiyon" title="Fermiyon">Fermiyonlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Kuark" title="Kuark">Kuarklar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukar%C4%B1_kuark" title="Yukarı kuark">Yukarı (kuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukar%C4%B1_kuark" title="Yukarı kuark">antikuark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_kuark" title="Aşağı kuark">Aşağı (kuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_kuark" title="Aşağı kuark">antikuark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%B1ls%C4%B1m_kuark" title="Tılsım kuark">Tılsım (kuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%B1ls%C4%B1m_kuark" title="Tılsım kuark">antikuark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garip_kuark" title="Garip kuark">Garip (kuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garip_kuark" title="Garip kuark">antikuark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cst_kuark" title="Üst kuark">Üst (kuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cst_kuark" title="Üst kuark">antikuark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_kuark" title="Alt kuark">Alt (kuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_kuark" title="Alt kuark">antikuark)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptonlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6trino" title="Nötrino">Nötrinolar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_n%C3%B6trinosu" title="Elektron nötrinosu">Elektron nötrinosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_n%C3%B6trinosu" title="Elektron nötrinosu">Elektron antinötrinosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCon_n%C3%B6trinosu" title="Müon nötrinosu">Müon nötrinosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCon_n%C3%B6trinosu" title="Müon nötrinosu">Müon antinötrinosu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tau_n%C3%B6trinosu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tau nötrinosu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tau nötrinosu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tau_n%C3%B6trinosu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tau nötrinosu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Tau antinötrinosu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Diğer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">Pozitron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCon" title="Müon">Müon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCon" title="Müon">Antimüon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k)" title="Tau (parçacık)">Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k)" title="Tau (parçacık)">Antitau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bozon" title="Bozon">Bozonlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Ayar_bozonu" title="Ayar bozonu">Ayar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">Foton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_ve_Z_bozonlar%C4%B1" title="W ve Z bozonları">W ve Z bozonları</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skaler_bozon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skaler bozon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Skaler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higgs_bozonu" title="Higgs bozonu">Higgs bozonu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Diğer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faddeev-Popov_hayaleti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faddeev-Popov hayaleti (sayfa mevcut değil)">Hayaletler</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1klar_listesi" title="Parçacıklar listesi">Hipotetik</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCpere%C5%9F" title="Süpereş">Süpereşler</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gauginolar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gluino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gluino (sayfa mevcut değil)">Gluino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitino" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotino (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fotino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Diğer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higgsino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higgsino (sayfa mevcut değil)">Higgsino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6tralino" title="Nötralino">Nötralino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chargino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chargino (sayfa mevcut değil)">Chargino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksino (sayfa mevcut değil)">Aksino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfermiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfermiyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Sfermiyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stop_kuark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stop kuark (sayfa mevcut değil)">Stop kuark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Diğer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planck_par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Planck parçacığı">Planck parçacığı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksiyon_(par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k)" title="Aksiyon (parçacık)">Aksiyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilaton" title="Dilaton">Dilaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0kili_graviton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İkili graviton (sayfa mevcut değil)">İkili graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptokuark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptokuark (sayfa mevcut değil)">Leptokuark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (sayfa mevcut değil)">Majoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorana_fermiyonu" title="Majorana fermiyonu">Majorana fermiyonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manyetik_tek_kutup" title="Manyetik tek kutup">Manyetik tek kutup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preon" title="Preon">Preon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steril_n%C3%B6trino" title="Steril nötrino">Steril nötrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takyon" title="Takyon">Takyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%27_ve_Z%27_bozonlar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W' ve Z' bozonları (sayfa mevcut değil)">W' ve Z' bozonları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X_ve_Y_bozonlar%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X ve Y bozonları (sayfa mevcut değil)">X ve Y bozonları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X17_par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="X17 parçacığı">X17 parçacığı</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fl%C4%B1_durum" title="Bağlı durum">Bileşik</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadronlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Baryon" title="Baryon">Baryonlar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiperon" title="Hiperon">Hiperonlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCkleon" title="Nükleon">Nükleon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiproton" title="Antiproton">Antiproton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6tron" title="Nötron">Nötron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antin%C3%B6tron" title="Antinötron">Antinötron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_baryonu" title="Delta baryonu">Delta baryonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_baryonu" title="Lambda baryonu">Lambda baryonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_baryonu" title="Sigma baryonu">Sigma baryonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_baryonu" title="Ksi baryonu">Ksi baryonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_baryonu" title="Omega baryonu">Omega baryonu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon">Mezonlar</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuarkonyum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuarkonyum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kuarkonyumlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">Pion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ro mezonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Eta ve eta prime mezonları</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fi_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fi mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Fi mezonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Omega mezonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J/psi_mezonu" title="J/psi mezonu">J/psi mezonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upsilon_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upsilon mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Upsilon mezonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">B mezonu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">D mezonu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Egzotik_hadron" title="Egzotik hadron">Egzotik hadronlar</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetrakuark" title="Tetrakuark">Tetrakuark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentakuark" title="Pentakuark">Pentakuark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Diğer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_%C3%A7ekirde%C4%9Fi" title="Atom çekirdeği">Atom çekirdeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atomlar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotik_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzotik atom (sayfa mevcut değil)">Egzotik atomlar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pozitronyum" title="Pozitronyum">Pozitronyum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BConyum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müonyum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Müonyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_(par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1k)" title="Tau (parçacık)">Tauonyum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onyum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onyum (sayfa mevcut değil)">Onyum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCper_atom" title="Süper atom">Süper atomlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molek%C3%BCl" title="Molekül">Moleküller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hipotetik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Hipotetik baryonlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heksakuark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heksakuark (sayfa mevcut değil)">Heksakuark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skirmiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skirmiyon (sayfa mevcut değil)">Skirmiyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:100px;background:#DDDDFF;vertical-align:middle;">Hipotetik mezonlar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gluontopu" title="Gluontopu">Gluontopu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teta_mezonu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teta mezonu (sayfa mevcut değil)">Teta mezonu</a></li> <li><a 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