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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-I_primi_anni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_primi_anni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>I primi anni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_primi_anni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_regno_di_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_regno_di_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Il regno di Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_regno_di_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'esilio_e_la_morte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'esilio_e_la_morte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>L'esilio e la morte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'esilio_e_la_morte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matrimoni_e_figli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matrimoni_e_figli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Matrimoni e figli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matrimoni_e_figli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashraf Pahlavi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 29 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="أشرف بهلوي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أشرف بهلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89" title="اشرف بهلوى - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اشرف بهلوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8F%C5%9Fr%C9%99f_P%C9%99hl%C9%99vi" title="Əşrəf Pəhləvi - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əşrəf Pəhləvi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اشرف پهلوی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اشرف پهلوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlav%C3%AD" title="Ashraf Pahlaví - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ashraf Pahlaví" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF" title="Ασράφ Παχλαβί - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ασράφ Παχλαβί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Draf_Pahlavi" title="Aŝraf Pahlavi - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŝraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlav%C3%AD" title="Ashraf Pahlaví - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ashraf Pahlaví" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اشرف پهلوی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشرف پهلوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A3_%D7%A4%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99" title="אשרף פהלווי - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשרף פהלווי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="აშრაფ ფეჰლევი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აშრაფ ფეჰლევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80" title="ਅਸ਼ਰਫ ਪਹਿਲਵੀ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਸ਼ਰਫ ਪਹਿਲਵੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszraf_Pahlawi" title="Aszraf Pahlawi - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aszraf Pahlawi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اشرف پہلوی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اشرف پہلوی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Пехлеви, Ашраф - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пехлеви, Ашраф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Ashraf Pahlavi - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ashraf Pahlavi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="அசரப் பகலவி - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அசரப் பகலவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" title="เจ้าหญิงอัชราฟ ปาห์ลาวี - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจ้าหญิงอัชราฟ ปาห์ลาวี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9Fref_Pehlevi" title="Eşref Pehlevi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eşref Pehlevi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Ашраф Пахлаві - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ашраф Пахлаві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C" title="اشرف پہلوی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اشرف پہلوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2419984#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Pahlavi" title="Vedi la voce [c]" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del monarca o aristocratico"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="color:white; background: #800080;">Ashraf Pahlavi</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PrincessAshrafPahlavi2537.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/PrincessAshrafPahlavi2537.jpg/224px-PrincessAshrafPahlavi2537.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/PrincessAshrafPahlavi2537.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>La principessa Ashraf Pahlavi intorno al 1974</td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#CCF; color: black;">Principessa dell'Iran</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stemma"><img alt="Stemma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/100px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/150px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/200px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Stemma</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="background:#CCF; color: black; height:3px; padding:0;">  </td></tr><tr><th>Nascita</th><td><a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, 26 ottobre 1919 </td></tr><tr><th>Morte</th><td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principato_di_Monaco" title="Principato di Monaco">Principato di Monaco</a>, 7 gennaio 2016 </td></tr><tr><th>Luogo di sepoltura</th><td><a href="/wiki/Cimitero_di_Monaco" title="Cimitero di Monaco">Cimitero di Monaco</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Dinastia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Pahlavi" title="Dinastia Pahlavi">Pahlavi</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Padre</th><td><a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Madre</th><td><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Moluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj al-Moluk">Taj al-Moluk</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Coniugi</th><td>Ali Ghavam<br />Ahmad Shafiq<br />Mehdi Bushehri </td></tr><tr><th>Figli</th><td>Shahram Pahlavi-Nia<br /><a href="/wiki/Shahriar_Shafiq" title="Shahriar Shafiq">Shahriar Shafiq</a><br />Azadeh Shafiq </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ashraf Pahlavi</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_persiana" title="Lingua persiana">persiano</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="fa" class="farsi">اشرف‌الملوک پهلوی</span>‎; <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/26_ottobre" title="26 ottobre">26 ottobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> – <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="/wiki/7_gennaio" title="7 gennaio">7 gennaio</a> <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>) è stata una <a href="/wiki/Principessa" title="Principessa">principessa</a> <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">persiana</a>. Sorella gemella dell'ultimo <a href="/wiki/Sovrani_della_Persia#Scià_di_Persia" title="Sovrani della Persia">scià di Persia</a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>, era considerata l'<a href="/wiki/Eminenza_grigia" title="Eminenza grigia">eminenza grigia</a> della corte di suo fratello. Ebbe un ruolo importante nel <a href="/wiki/Operazione_Ajax" class="mw-redirect" title="Operazione Ajax">colpo di stato del 1953</a> che portò alla deposizione del primo ministro <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mossadeq" title="Mohammad Mossadeq">Mohammad Mossadeq</a> e al ritorno al potere di Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Durante il regno del fratello fu sua consigliera e grande sostenitrice dei diritti delle donne. In seguito alla <a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_iraniana" title="Rivoluzione iraniana">rivoluzione iraniana</a> del 1979 visse in esilio in Francia, a New York e a Monte Carlo, mantenendo sempre una posizione critica verso il nuovo governo iraniano. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_primi_anni">I primi anni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione I primi anni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: I primi anni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg/180px-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg/270px-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg/360px-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Ashraf e il fratello Mohammad Reza da giovani</figcaption></figure> <p>Ashraf Pahlavi nacque a <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a> il 26 ottobre 1919, cinque ore dopo il fratello gemello. Era figlia di <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a>, futuro scià di Persia, e della sua seconda moglie <a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Moluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj al-Moluk">Taj al-Moluk</a>. Aveva complessivamente 10 fratelli e sorelle, nati dal padre e dalle sua quattro mogli.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al momento della sua nascita il padre era un generale che, approfittando della difficile situazione politica iraniana, scalò rapidamente i ranghi militari, diventando comandante dell'esercito e in seguito ministro della guerra. Nel 1921 guidò il colpo di stato che portò alla detronizzazione dello scià <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Qajar" title="Ahmad Shah Qajar">Ahmad Shah Qajar</a>. Nel 1923 Reza Shah Pahlavi divenne primo ministro e nel 1925, dopo che Ahmed Shah Qajar venne dichiarato ufficialmente deposto ed esiliato, Pahlavi fu nominato nuovo scià.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Una volta salito al potere il padre iniziò alcune riforme di stampo occidentale, come l'abrogazione dell'obbligo per le donne di indossare il velo islamico in pubblico. Cambiò inoltre ufficialmente il nome del paese da Persia a <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. Nel 1934 Ashraf insieme alla sorella maggiore Shams e alla loro madre parteciparono ad una cerimonia pubblica senza velo. Ciò contribuì a plasmare la sua immagine di ragazza moderna, filo occidentale e amante della bella vita. In un libro di memorie pubblicato nel 1980 lei descrive inoltre se stessa da giovane come una ribelle dal temperamento irascibile.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-death_eng_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_eng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonostante i tentativi di modernizzazione del paese, Reza Shah Pahlavi riservò un diverso trattamento per quanto riguardava l'istruzione dei propri figli maschi e femmine: mentre i ragazzi furono mandati a studiare in <a href="/wiki/Svizzera" title="Svizzera">Svizzera</a>, le ragazze non ebbero accesso ad una istruzione superiore. Ad Ashraf fu impedito di frequentare l'università, nonostante il suo forte desiderio di continuare a studiare, e nel 1937, a soli 17 anni, venne fatta sposare con Mirza 'Ali Muhammed Khan Ghavam, membro di una potente famiglia iraniana alleata del padre.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_regno_di_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi">Il regno di Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Il regno di Mohammad Reza Pahlavi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Il regno di Mohammad Reza Pahlavi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Ashraf_Pahlavi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Young_Ashraf_Pahlavi.jpg/180px-Young_Ashraf_Pahlavi.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Young_Ashraf_Pahlavi.jpg/270px-Young_Ashraf_Pahlavi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Young_Ashraf_Pahlavi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Ashraf Pahlavi da giovane</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_1960s_years,_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/First_1960s_years%2C_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg/220px-First_1960s_years%2C_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/First_1960s_years%2C_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg/330px-First_1960s_years%2C_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/First_1960s_years%2C_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg/440px-First_1960s_years%2C_Ashraf_Pahlavi_and_Student_nurses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2063" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Pahlavi in visita ad una scuola per infermiere a Teheran nei primi anni 1960</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Jimmy_Carter_speaks_at_a_State_Dinner_hosted_by_the_Shah_of_Iran._-_NARA_-_177334.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2041" /></a><figcaption>Ashraf Pahlavi (la prima a sinistra) insieme ad altri membri della famiglia reale durante la visita in Iran del presidente <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> nel 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>Nel 1941 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi successe al padre come scià, e la sorella divenne una dei suoi consiglieri di fiducia. Nel 1946 fece parte della delegazioni inviata a discutere con <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Stalin" title="Iosif Stalin">Stalin</a> circa alcuni territori occupati dai sovietici nel vicino <a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a>. Il leader sovietico fu positivamente impressionato da lei, tanto da commentare che se il sovrano iraniano avesse avuto dieci persone come lei, non avrebbe avuto di che preoccuparsi.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secondo molti storici nel 1953 Ashraf Pahlavi ebbe un ruolo importante durante l'<a href="/wiki/Operazione_Ajax" class="mw-redirect" title="Operazione Ajax">Operazione Ajax</a>, convincendo suo fratello a dare il proprio assenso al colpo di stato organizzato dalla <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a> e dai <a href="/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service" title="Secret Intelligence Service">servizi segreti britannici</a> per deporre il primo ministro iraniano <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mossadeq" title="Mohammad Mossadeq">Mohammad Mossadeq</a>, che pochi mesi prima aveva costretto lo scià a lasciare il paese. Con la riuscita dell'operazione Mohammad Reza Pahlavi riconquistò il potere, e la sorella riprese il ruolo di sua consigliera.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-death_eng_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_eng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durante gli anni di regno dei fratello, Pahlavi fu una grande sostenitrice dei diritti della donne iraniane. Fu presidentessa dell'Organizzazione delle donne iraniane e del Comitato iraniano per i diritti umani. Nel 1967 lavorò con le <a href="/wiki/Organizzazione_delle_Nazioni_Unite" title="Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite">Nazioni Unite</a> come delegata iraniana all'interno della <a href="/wiki/Commissione_per_i_diritti_umani" title="Commissione per i diritti umani">Commissione per i diritti umani</a>, e nel 1975, in occasione dell'Anno internazionale della donna, presentò alle Nazioni Unite una dichiarazione che parlava delle diseguaglianze e della discriminazione femminile.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-death_eng_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_eng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcuni critici contestarono la mancanza di un attivismo diretto da parte sua, e criticarono il fatto che le donne dissidenti erano arrestate e perseguitate dalla monarchia iraniana.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altre critiche riguardarono le grandi ricchezze accumulate nel corso degli anni dalla famiglia reale sulle spalle del popolo iraniano, in particolare tassando i commerci e i contratti governativi.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'esilio_e_la_morte"><span id="L.27esilio_e_la_morte"></span>L'esilio e la morte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione L'esilio e la morte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: L'esilio e la morte"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1977 fu vittima di un tentativo di omicidio, quando due uomini aprirono il fuoco contro la sua auto mentre tornava nella sua casa in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Azzurra" title="Costa Azzurra">Costa Azzurra</a> dopo una serata al casinò di Cannes. La principessa rimase illesa, ma la sua <a href="/wiki/Dama_di_compagnia" title="Dama di compagnia">dama di compagnia</a> rimase uccisa e l'autista ferito.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel 1979, in seguito alla <a href="/wiki/Rivoluzione_iraniana" title="Rivoluzione iraniana">rivoluzione iraniana</a>, la famiglia reale fuggì all'estero. Lo scià <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> morì l'anno successivo di tumore mentre si trovava in Egitto, mentre Ashraf Pahlavi visse diversi anni viaggiando tra le proprie residenze di <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parigi" title="Parigi">Parigi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Juan-les-Pins" title="Juan-les-Pins">Juan-les-Pins</a> in Costa Azzurra. Rilasciò diverse dichiarazioni contro i suoi nemici, come l'Ayatollah <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeyni" title="Ruhollah Khomeyni">Ruhollah Khomeyni</a>, a capo della rivoluzione, e criticò anche il presidente statunitense Jimmy Carter per avere abbandonato suo fratello.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Morì il 7 gennaio 2016, all'età di 96 anni, a <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo" title="Monte Carlo">Monte Carlo</a>, e venne sepolta nel <a href="/wiki/Cimitero_di_Monaco" title="Cimitero di Monaco">cimitero di Monaco</a> con una cerimonia privata.<sup id="cite_ref-wp_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-death_eng_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-death_eng-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matrimoni_e_figli">Matrimoni e figli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Matrimoni e figli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Matrimoni e figli"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg)_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%28Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg%29_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg/220px-%28Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg%29_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%28Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg%29_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg/330px-%28Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg%29_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%28Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg%29_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg/440px-%28Ashraf_and_her_husband.jpeg%29_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Pahlavi con il secondo marito Ahmed Shafiq</figcaption></figure> <p>Ashraf Pahlavi si sposò tre volte: il 3 marzo 1937, a 17 anni, fu data in sposa dalla famiglia a Mirza 'Ali Muhammed Khan Ghavam, membro di una potente famiglia iraniana alleata del padre. Il matrimonio durò solo 5 anni e la coppia divorziò nel 1942. Ebbero un figlio, Shahram Pahlavi-Nia, nato il 18 aprile 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-alberogen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberogen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-myheritage_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myheritage-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Si sposò in seconde nozze il 16 marzo 1944 con Ahmed Shafiq, direttore generale dell'aviazione civile iraniana e figlio di un ministro del viceré d'Egitto, da cui ebbe due figli: <a href="/wiki/Shahriar_Shafiq" title="Shahriar Shafiq">Shahriar Shafiq</a>, nato il 15 marzo 1945 e morto assassinato a Parigi il 7 dicembre 1979, e Azadah Pahlavi-Shafiq, nata nel 1950 e morta il 23 febbraio 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alberogen_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberogen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pahlavi e Shafiq divorziarono nel 1960, e il 5 giugno dello stesso anno lei si sposò per la terza volta, con il dottor Mehdi Bushehri, all'ambasciata iraniana di Parigi. La coppia non ebbe figli.<sup id="cite_ref-iodonna_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alberogen_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alberogen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In una intervista al New York Times nel 1980 disse che non era stata una buona madre per i suoi figli dal momento che, a causa del suo tipo di vita, non passava molto tempo con loro. Ma lo era stata per aver insistito che avessero una buona istruzione, possibilità che a lei era stata negata essendo nata femmina e fatta sposare giovanissima.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wp-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-7">h</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-8">i</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-wp_1-9">j</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/ashraf-pahlavi-twin-sister-of-irans-late-shah-dies-at-96/2016/01/08/e5df0e32-b5b7-11e5-9388-466021d971de_story.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ashraf Pahlavi, twin sister of Iran’s late shah, dies at 96</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">washingtonpost.com</span>, 08/01/2016. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-7">h</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-8">i</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-9">j</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_2-10">k</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/08/world/middleeast/ashraf-pahlavi-sister-of-irans-last-shah-defender-and-diplomat-dies-at-96.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ashraf Pahlavi, Twin Sister of Iran’s Last Shah, Dies at 96</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nytimes.com</span>, 08/01/2016. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iodonna-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iodonna_3-6">g</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iodonna.it/attualita/storie-e-reportage/2016/01/08/ashraf-pahlavi-morta-a-96-anni-la-sorella-dello-scia-di-persia"><span style="font-style:italic;">Addio a Ashraf Pahlavi, la “pantera nera”, sorella dello scià di Persia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">iodonna.it</span>, 08/01/2016. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-death_eng-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-death_eng_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-death_eng_4-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-death_eng_4-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-death_eng_4-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909143617/https://www.yahoo.com/news/ashraf-pahlavi-twin-sister-last-iran-shah-dead-073606016.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ashraf Pahlavi, twin sister of Iran's last shah, dead at 96</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">yahoo.com</span>, 09/01/2016. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.yahoo.com/news/ashraf-pahlavi-twin-sister-last-iran-shah-dead-073606016.html">url originale</abbr> il 9 settembre 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princessashrafpahlavi.org/en/8-artciles/23-the-international-women-s-year-1975"><span style="font-style:italic;">Presenting U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim with Iran's contribution of $2 million for the International Women's Year - 1975</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">princessashrafpahlavi.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1977/09/14/gunmen-try-to-kill-shahs-sister/a7b4f15d-a720-434b-a86e-a1b0e361d945/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gunmen Try to Kill Shah's Sister</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">washingtonpost.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.purepeople.com/article/obseques-d-ashraf-pahlavi-farah-diba-en-deuil-adieu-discret-a-la-soeur-du-shah_a171130/1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Obsèques d'Ashraf Pahlavi: Farah Diba en deuil, adieu discret à la soeur du Shah</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">purepeople.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alberogen-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-alberogen_8-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-alberogen_8-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-alberogen_8-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702075753/http://www.royalark.net/Persia/pahlavi3.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Pahlavi Dynasty - GENEALOGY</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">royalark.net</span>. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.royalark.net/Persia/pahlavi3.htm">url originale</abbr> il 2 luglio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myheritage-9"><a href="#cite_ref-myheritage_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myheritage.it/research/collection-10182/riassunti-biografici-di-persone-celebri?itemId=2560427&action=showRecord"><span style="font-style:italic;">Ali Ghavam</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">myheritage.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 17/03/2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">"I have never been a good mother, because of my way of life, I was not with my children very much. But I am a good mother in the sense that I always insisted that they get a good education, which I didn’t have because I was born a female."</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Ashraf Pahlavi"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ashraf_Pahlavi?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ashraf_Pahlavi?uselang=it">Ashraf Pahlavi</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashraf_Pahlavi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://princessashrafpahlavi.org/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">princessashrafpahlavi.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419984#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/57045736">57045736</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000109754552">0000 0001 0975 4552</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80038683">n80038683</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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