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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reasons for virtualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reasons_for_virtualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_virtualization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_virtualization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Full virtualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_virtualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paravirtualization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paravirtualization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Paravirtualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paravirtualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware-assisted_virtualization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware-assisted_virtualization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hardware-assisted virtualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-assisted_virtualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating-system-level_virtualization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating-system-level_virtualization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Operating-system-level virtualization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating-system-level_virtualization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_virtualization_disaster_recovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_virtualization_disaster_recovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hardware virtualization disaster recovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_virtualization_disaster_recovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="محاكاة عتاد الحاسوب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محاكاة عتاد الحاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хардуерна виртуализация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хардуерна виртуализация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardverska_virtualizacija" title="Hardverska virtualizacija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hardverska virtualizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualitzaci%C3%B3_de_maquinari" title="Virtualització de maquinari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virtualització de maquinari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serverpartitionierung" title="Serverpartitionierung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serverpartitionierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualizaci%C3%B3n_de_hardware" title="Virtualización de hardware – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virtualización de hardware" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مجازی‌سازی سخت‌افزار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجازی‌سازی سخت‌افزار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualisasi_perangkat_keras" title="Virtualisasi perangkat keras – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Virtualisasi perangkat keras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwarevirtualisatie" title="Hardwarevirtualisatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hardwarevirtualisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E4%BB%AE%E6%83%B3%E5%8C%96" title="ハードウェア仮想化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハードウェア仮想化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппаратная виртуализация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аппаратная виртуализация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வன்பொருள் மெய்நிகராக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வன்பொருள் மெய்நிகராக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Апаратна віртуалізація – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апаратна 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Hardware+virtualization%22">"Hardware virtualization"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Hardware+virtualization%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Hardware+virtualization%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Hardware+virtualization%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Hardware+virtualization%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hardware+virtualization%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hardware virtualization</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">virtualization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> as complete hardware platforms, certain logical abstractions of their componentry, or only the functionality required to run various <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>. Virtualization emulates the hardware environment of its host architecture, allowing multiple OSes to run unmodified and in isolation. At its origins, the software that controlled virtualization was called a "control program", but the terms "<a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a>" or "virtual machine monitor" became preferred over time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "virtualization" was coined in the 1960s to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a> (sometimes called "pseudo machine"), a term which itself dates from the experimental <a href="/wiki/IBM_M44/44X" title="IBM M44/44X">IBM M44/44X</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation and management of virtual machines has also been called "platform virtualization", or "server virtualization", more recently.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Platform virtualization is performed on a given hardware platform by <i>host</i> software (a <i>control program</i>), which creates a simulated computer environment, a <i>virtual machine</i> (VM), for its <i>guest</i> software. The guest software is not limited to user applications; many hosts allow the execution of complete operating systems. The guest software executes as if it were running directly on the physical hardware, with several notable caveats. Access to physical system resources (such as the <a href="/wiki/Network_interface_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Network interface card">network access</a>, display, keyboard, and <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">disk storage</a>) is generally managed at a more restrictive level than the <i>host</i> processor and system-memory. Guests are often restricted from accessing specific <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral device">peripheral devices</a>, or may be limited to a subset of the device's native capabilities, depending on the hardware access policy implemented by the virtualization host.<sup id="cite_ref-virtbook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virtbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 5,13">: 5,13 </span></sup> </p><p>Virtualization often exacts performance penalties, both in resources required to run the hypervisor, and as well as in reduced performance on the virtual machine compared to running native on the physical machine.<sup id="cite_ref-virtbook_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virtbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 35,67-68">: 35,67-68 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reasons_for_virtualization">Reasons for virtualization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reasons for virtualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the case of <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> consolidation, many small physical servers can be replaced by one larger physical server to decrease the need for more (costly) hardware resources such as CPUs, and hard drives. Although hardware is consolidated in virtual environments, typically OSs are not. Instead, each OS running on a physical server is converted to a distinct OS running inside a virtual machine. Thereby, the large server can "host" many such "guest" virtual machines. This is known as <a href="/wiki/Physical-to-Virtual" title="Physical-to-Virtual">Physical-to-Virtual</a> (P2V) transformation. The average utilization of a server in the early 2000s was 5 to 15%, but with the adoption of virtualization this figure started to increase to reduce the number of servers needed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In addition to reducing equipment and labor costs associated with equipment maintenance, consolidating servers can also have the added benefit of reducing energy consumption and the global footprint in environmental-ecological sectors of technology. For example, a typical server runs at 425 W<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and VMware estimates a hardware reduction ratio of up to 15:1.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A virtual machine (VM) can be more easily controlled and inspected from a remote site than a physical machine, and the configuration of a VM is more flexible. This is very useful in kernel development and for teaching operating system courses, including running legacy operating systems that do not support modern hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A new virtual machine can be provisioned as required without the need for an up-front hardware purchase.</li> <li>A virtual machine can easily be relocated from one physical machine to another as needed. For example, a salesperson going to a customer can copy a virtual machine with the demonstration software to their laptop, without the need to transport the physical computer. Likewise, an error inside a virtual machine does not harm the host system, so there is no risk of the OS crashing on the laptop.</li> <li>Because of this ease of relocation, virtual machines can be readily used in <a href="/wiki/IT_disaster_recovery" title="IT disaster recovery">disaster recovery</a> scenarios without concerns with impact of refurbished and faulty energy sources.</li></ul> <p>However, when multiple VMs are concurrently running on the same physical host, each VM may exhibit varying and unstable performance which highly depends on the workload imposed on the system by other VMs. This issue can be addressed by appropriate installation techniques for <a href="/wiki/Temporal_isolation_among_virtual_machines" title="Temporal isolation among virtual machines">temporal isolation among virtual machines</a>. </p><p>There are several approaches to platform virtualization. </p><p>Examples of virtualization use cases: </p> <ul><li>Running one or more applications that are not supported by the host OS: A virtual machine running the required guest OS could permit the desired applications to run, without altering the host OS.</li> <li>Evaluating an alternate operating system: The new OS could be run within a VM, without altering the host OS.</li> <li>Server virtualization: Multiple virtual servers could be run on a single physical server, in order to more fully utilize the hardware resources of the physical server.</li> <li>Duplicating specific environments: A virtual machine could, depending on the virtualization software used, be duplicated and installed on multiple hosts, or restored to a previously backed-up system state.</li> <li>Creating a protected environment: If a guest OS running on a VM becomes damaged in a way that is not cost-effective to repair, such as may occur when studying <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a> or installing badly behaved software, the VM may simply be discarded without harm to the host system, and a clean copy used upon rebooting the guest .</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Full_virtualization">Full virtualization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Full virtualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Full_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Full virtualization">Full virtualization</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hardware_Virtualization_(copy).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hardware_Virtualization_%28copy%29.svg/220px-Hardware_Virtualization_%28copy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hardware_Virtualization_%28copy%29.svg/330px-Hardware_Virtualization_%28copy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hardware_Virtualization_%28copy%29.svg/440px-Hardware_Virtualization_%28copy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>Logical diagram of full virtualization.</figcaption></figure> <p>In full virtualization, the virtual machine simulates enough hardware to allow an unmodified "guest" OS designed for the same <a href="/wiki/Instruction_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction set">instruction set</a> to be run in isolation. This approach was pioneered in 1966 with the IBM <a href="/wiki/CP-40" class="mw-redirect" title="CP-40">CP-40</a> and <a href="/wiki/CP-67" title="CP-67">CP-67</a>, predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/VM_(Operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="VM (Operating system)">VM</a> family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paravirtualization">Paravirtualization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paravirtualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paravirtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Paravirtualization">Paravirtualization</a></div> <p>In paravirtualization, the virtual machine does not necessarily simulate hardware, but instead (or in addition) offers a special API that can only be used by modifying<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2007)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the "guest" OS. For this to be possible, the "guest" OS's source code must be available. If the source code is available, it is sufficient to replace sensitive instructions with calls to VMM APIs (e.g.: "cli" with "vm_handle_cli()"), then re-compile the OS and use the new binaries. This system call to the <a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a> is called a "hypercall" in <a href="/wiki/Trango_Virtual_Processors" title="Trango Virtual Processors">TRANGO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a>; it is implemented via a DIAG ("diagnose") hardware instruction in IBM's <a href="/wiki/Conversational_Monitor_System" title="Conversational Monitor System">CMS</a> under <a href="/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2007)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (which was the origin of the term <i>hypervisor</i>).. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware-assisted_virtualization">Hardware-assisted virtualization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hardware-assisted virtualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hardware-assisted_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware-assisted virtualization">Hardware-assisted virtualization</a></div> <p>In hardware-assisted virtualization, the hardware provides architectural support that facilitates building a virtual machine monitor and allows guest OSs to be run in isolation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be used to assist either full virtualization or paravirtualization. Hardware-assisted virtualization was first introduced on the <a href="/wiki/IBM_308X" title="IBM 308X">IBM 308X</a> processors in 1980, with the Start Interpretive Execution (SIE) instruction.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 and 2006, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> developed additional hardware to support virtualization ran on their platforms. Sun Microsystems (now <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a>) added similar features in their <a href="/wiki/SPARC_T3" title="SPARC T3">UltraSPARC T-Series</a> processors in 2005. </p><p>In 2006, first-generation 32- and 64-bit x86 hardware support was found to rarely offer performance advantages over software virtualization.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating-system-level_virtualization">Operating-system-level virtualization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operating-system-level virtualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">OS-level virtualization</a></div> <p>In operating-system-level virtualization, a physical server is virtualized at the operating system level, enabling multiple isolated and secure virtualized servers to run on a single physical server. The "guest" operating system environments share the same running instance of the operating system as the host system. Thus, the same <a href="/wiki/Operating_system_kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating system kernel">operating system kernel</a> is also used to implement the "guest" environments, and applications running in a given "guest" environment view it as a stand-alone system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_virtualization_disaster_recovery">Hardware virtualization disaster recovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hardware virtualization disaster recovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/IT_disaster_recovery" title="IT disaster recovery">disaster recovery</a> (DR) plan is often considered good practice for a hardware virtualization platform. DR of a virtualization environment can ensure high rate of availability during a wide range of situations that disrupt normal business operations. In situations where continued operations of hardware virtualization platforms is important, a disaster recovery plan can ensure hardware performance and maintenance requirements are met. A hardware virtualization disaster recovery plan involves both hardware and software protection by various methods, including those described below.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Tape backup for software data long-term archival needs</dt> <dd>This common method can be used to store data offsite, but data recovery can be a difficult and lengthy process. Tape backup data is only as good as the latest copy stored. Tape backup methods will require a backup device and ongoing storage material.</dd> <dt>Whole-file and application replication</dt> <dd>The implementation of this method will require control software and storage capacity for application and data file storage replication typically on the same site. The data is replicated on a different disk partition or separate disk device and can be a scheduled activity for most servers and is implemented more for database-type applications.</dd> <dt>Hardware and software redundancy</dt> <dd>This method ensures the highest level of disaster recovery protection for a hardware virtualization solution, by providing duplicate hardware and software replication in two distinct geographic areas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_virtualization" title="Application virtualization">Application virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_infrastructure" title="Dynamic infrastructure">Dynamic infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_emulation" title="Hardware emulation">Hardware emulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperjacking" title="Hyperjacking">Hyperjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_simulator" title="Instruction set simulator">Instruction set simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popek_and_Goldberg_virtualization_requirements" title="Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements">Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicalization" title="Physicalization">Physicalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_provisioning" title="Thin provisioning">Thin provisioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtualization_for_aggregation" title="Virtualization for aggregation">Virtualization for aggregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workspace_virtualization" title="Workspace virtualization">Workspace virtualization</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardware_virtualization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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LinuxDevices:2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224184029/http://archive.linuxgizmos.com/using-a-hypervisor-to-reconcile-gpl-and-proprietary-embedded-code/">"Using a hypervisor to reconcile GPL and proprietary embedded code"</a>. <i>Linux Gizmos</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.linuxgizmos.com/using-a-hypervisor-to-reconcile-gpl-and-proprietary-embedded-code/">the original</a> on 24 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Gizmos&rft.atitle=Using+a+hypervisor+to+reconcile+GPL+and+proprietary+embedded+code&rft.date=2007-08-27&rft.aulast=Zoppis&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.linuxgizmos.com%2Fusing-a-hypervisor-to-reconcile-gpl-and-proprietary-embedded-code%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHardware+virtualization" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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