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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the definition of independent source when evaluating notability of a corporation or organization, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Notability_(organizations_and_companies)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Notability (organizations and companies) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia:Notability (organizations and companies) § Independent sources</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4286135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For what Wikipedia <b>is</b>, see <a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>ఇది, multiple policies and guidelines పేజీలకు వివరణ నిస్తుంది</b>. <br/><div style="font-size:90%;"> ఈ పేజీ, ఆ పేజీల్లో లభించే సమాచారానికి అదనపు వివరణను మాత్రమే ఇస్తుంది. ఇది <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:విధానాలు మార్గదర్శకాలు (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">వికీపీడియా విధానాలు మార్గదర్శకాల్లో</a> భాగం కాదు. ఈ పేజీ లోని అంశాలు సముదాయం పరిశీలించి, చర్చంచి రాసినవి కాదు.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4353687">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:IS"></span><span id="WP:INDY"></span><span id="WP:INDEPENDENT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Shortcut" title="వికీపీడియా:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3779865">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:IS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:IS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:IS</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:INDY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:INDY (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:INDY</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:INDEPENDENT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:INDEPENDENT (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:INDEPENDENT</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4291646"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>ఈ పేజీ గురించి ఒక్క ముక్కలో:</b> Independent sources are distinguished by their lack of any direct influence with the subjects involved. Wikipedia encourages the use of independent sources because these sources are typically associated with reliability, a lack of bias, and factual accuracy.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638050">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="అనువాదం బొమ్మ"><img alt="అనువాదం బొమ్మ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_Telugu_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">ఈ వ్యాసాన్ని పూర్తిగా <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit">అనువదించి,</a></span> తరువాత ఈ మూసను తీసివేయండి. అనువాదం చేయాల్సిన వ్యాస భాగం ఒకవే‌ళ ప్రధాన పేరుబరిలో వున్నట్లయితే పాఠ్యం సవరించు నొక్కినప్పుడు కనబడవచ్చు. అనువాదం పూర్తయినంతవరకు ఎర్రలింకులు లేకుండా చూడాలంటే ప్రస్తుత ఆంగ్ల కూర్పుని, భాషల లింకుల ద్వారా చూడండి<small>(<a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="వికీపీడియా:అనువాదకులకు వనరులు">అనువాదకులకు వనరులు</a>)</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Identifying and using <b>independent sources</b> (also called <b>third-party sources</b>) helps editors build non-promotional articles that fairly portray the subject, without <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:UNDUE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:UNDUE (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">undue attention</a> to the subject's own views. Using independent sources helps protect the project from people using Wikipedia for <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:PROMOTION&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:PROMOTION (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">self-promotion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Get-rich-quick_scheme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Get-rich-quick scheme (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">personal financial benefit</a>, and other abuses. Reliance on independent sources ensures that an article can be written from a balanced, disinterested viewpoint rather than from the subject's own viewpoint or from the viewpoint of people with an <a href="https://te.wiktionary.org/wiki/axe_to_grind" class="extiw" title="wikt:axe to grind">axe to grind</a>. Emphasizing the views of disinterested sources is necessary to achieve a <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Neutral_point_of_view" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a> in an article. It also ensures articles can catalog a topic's worth and its role and achievements within society, rather than offering <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NOTDIR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:NOTDIR (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">a directory listing</a> or the contents of a sales brochure. </p><p>In determining the type of source, there are three separate, basic characteristics to identify: </p> <ul><li>Is this source <b>self-published</b> or not? (For this question, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Identifying_and_using_self-published_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Identifying and using self-published sources (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia:Identifying and using self-published sources</a>.)</li> <li>Is this source <b>independent or third-party</b>, or is it closely affiliated with the subject?</li> <li>Is this source <b>primary</b> or not? (For this question, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Identifying_and_using_primary_and_secondary_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Identifying and using primary and secondary sources (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia:Identifying and using primary and secondary sources</a>.)</li></ul> <p>Every possible combination of these three traits has been seen in sources on Wikipedia. Any combination of these three traits can produce a source that is usable for some purpose in a Wikipedia article. Identifying these characteristics will help you determine how you can use these sources. </p><p>This page deals primarily with the second question: <b>identifying and using independent and non-independent sources</b>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="te" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">విషయాలు</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Identifying_independent_sources"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Identifying independent sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Explanation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Explanation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Why_independent_sources_are_required"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Why independent sources are required</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Non-independent_sources"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Non-independent sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Press_releases"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Press releases</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Syndicated_stories"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Syndicated stories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Conflicts_of_interest"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Conflicts of interest</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#No_guarantee_of_reliability"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">No guarantee of reliability</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Relationship_to_notability"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship to notability</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Indiscriminate_sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Indiscriminate sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Articles_without_third-party_sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles without third-party sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Related_concepts"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Related concepts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Relationship_to_primary_and_secondary_sources"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship to primary and secondary sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Relationship_to_self-published_sources"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship to self-published sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Biased_sources"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Biased sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Third-party_versus_independent"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Third-party versus independent</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Wikipedia's_requirements"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Wikipedia's requirements</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Policies_and_guidelines_requiring_third-party_sources"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Policies and guidelines requiring third-party sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#How_to_meet_the_requirement"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">How to meet the requirement</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Identifying_independent_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Identifying_independent_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Identifying_independent_sources"></span>Identifying independent sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Identifying_independent_sources"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=1" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Identifying independent sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4353687"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:IIS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Shortcut" title="వికీపీడియా:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:IIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:IIS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:IIS</a></li></ul></div></div> <p>An <b>independent source</b> is a source that has no vested interest in a given Wikipedia topic and therefore is commonly expected to cover the topic from a disinterested perspective. Independent sources have <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editorial_independence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editorial independence (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">editorial independence</a> (advertisers do not dictate content) and no conflicts of interest (there is no potential for personal, financial, or political gain to be made from the existence of the publication). </p><p>Interest in a topic becomes vested when the source (the author, the publisher, etc.) develops any financial or legal relationship to the topic. An interest in this sense may be either positive or negative. An example of a positive interest is writing about <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Autobiography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Autobiography (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">yourself</a>, your family, or a product that is made or sold by your company or employer; an example of a negative interest is owning or working for a company that represents a competing product's article. These <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Conflict_of_interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Conflict of interest (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">conflicts of interest</a> make Wikipedia editors suspect that sources from these people will give more importance to advancing their own interests (personal, financial, legal, etc.) in the topic than to advancing knowledge about the topic. Sources by involved family members, employees, and officers of organizations are not independent. </p><p><i>Independence</i> does not imply <i>even-handedness</i>. An independent source may hold a strongly positive or negative view of a topic or an idea. For example, a scholar might write about <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literacy (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">literacy</a> in developing countries, and they may personally strongly favor teaching all children how to read, regardless of gender or socioeconomic status. Yet if the author gains no personal benefit from the education of these children, then the publication is an independent source on the topic. </p><p>Material available from sources that are <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:SPS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:SPS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">self-published</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_source&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary source (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">primary source</a>s, or biased because of a conflict of interest can play a role in writing an article, but it must be possible to source the information that establishes the subject's real-world notability to independent, third-party sources. Reliance on independent sources ensures that an article can be written from a balanced, disinterested viewpoint rather than from the person's own viewpoint. It also ensures articles can catalogue a topic's worth, its role and achievements within society, rather than offering <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NOTDIR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:NOTDIR (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">a directory listing</a> or the contents of a sales brochure. </p><p>Articles that don't reference independent sources should be tagged with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Third-party" title="మూస:Third-party">third-party</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, and if no substantive coverage in independent reliable secondary sources can be identified, then the article should be <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:AFD" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:AFD">nominated for deletion</a>. If the article's content is strictly promotional, it should even be made a candidate for <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:SPEEDY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:SPEEDY (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">speedy deletion</a> under criterion <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:CSD_G11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:CSD G11 (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:CSD G11</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Explanation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Explanation"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Explanation"></span>Explanation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Explanation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=2" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Explanation"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wikipedia strives to be of the highest standard possible, and to avoid writing on topics from a <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:NPOV">biased viewpoint</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a> was created as an expansion of the neutral point of view policy, to allow information to be checked for any form of bias. It has been noticed, however, that some articles are sourcing their content solely from the topic itself, which creates a level of bias within an article. Where this <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_source&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary source (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">primary source</a> is the only source available on the topic, this bias is impossible to correct. Such articles tend to be <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:CoI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:CoI (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">vanity pieces</a>, although it is becoming increasingly hard to differentiate this within certain topic areas. </p><p>If Wikipedia is, as defined by the three key content policies, an encyclopaedia which <b>summarises</b> viewpoints rather than a repository <b>for</b> viewpoints, to achieve this goal, articles must demonstrate that the topic they are covering has been mentioned in reliable sources independent of the topic itself. These sources should be independent of both the topic and of Wikipedia, and should be of the standard described in <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Reliable sources">Wikipedia:Reliable sources</a>. Articles should not be built using <b>only</b> vested-interest sources. This requirement for independent sources is so as to determine that the topic can be written about without <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:NPOV">bias</a>; otherwise the article is likely to fall foul of our <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:CoI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:CoI (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">vanity</a> guidelines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Examples"></span>Examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Examples"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=3" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Examples"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the case of a Wikipedia article about a website, for example, independent sources would include an article in a newspaper which describes the site, but a reference to the site itself would lack independence (and would instead be considered a <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:PRIMARY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:PRIMARY (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">primary</a> source). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of independent and non-independent sources for some common subjects </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>You're writing about... </th> <th>Independent </th> <th>Non-independent </th></tr> <tr> <td>a business </td> <td>News media, government agency </td> <td>Owner, employees, corporate website or press release, sales brochure, competitor's website </td></tr> <tr> <td>a person </td> <td>News media, popular or scholarly book </td> <td>Person, family members, friends, employer, employees </td></tr> <tr> <td>a city </td> <td>National media, textbook, encyclopedias, other reference works </td> <td>Mayor's website, local booster clubs, local chamber of commerce website </td></tr> <tr> <td>a book, music recording, movie, video game </td> <td>Newspaper or magazine review, book (or chapter) </td> <td>Production company website, publishing company website, website for the book/album/movie, instruction manuals published by the video game's maker, album sleeve notes, book jacket copy, autobiography by the musician, actor, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>online content </td> <td>News media </td> <td>Host website, creator's social media </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These simple examples need to be interpreted with all the facts and circumstances in mind. For example, a newspaper that depends on advertising revenue might not be truly independent in their coverage of the local businesses that advertise in the paper. As well, a newspaper owned by person X might not be truly independent in its coverage of person X and their business activities. </p><p>Every article on Wikipedia must be <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Based_upon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Based upon (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">based</a> upon <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:V" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:V">verifiable</a> statements from <b>multiple third-party <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:RS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">reliable sources</a></b> with a reputation for fact-checking and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Accuracy_and_precision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accuracy and precision (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">accuracy</a>. A <u>third-party source</u> is one that is entirely independent of the subject being covered, e.g., a newspaper reporter covering a story that they are not involved in except <i>in their capacity as a reporter</i>. The opposite of a third-party source is a <i>first-party</i> or <i>non-independent</i> source.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A first-party, non-independent source about the president of an environmental lobby group would be a report published by that lobby group's communications branch. A third-party source is not affiliated with the event, not paid by the people who are involved, and not otherwise likely to have a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflict_of_interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflict of interest (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">conflict of interest</a> related to the material. </p><p>This concept is contrasted with the unrelated concept of a <i>secondary source</i>, which is one where the material presented is based on some other original material, e.g., a non-fiction book analyzing original material such as news reports, and with a <i>primary source</i>, where the source is the wellspring of the original material, e.g., an autobiography or a politician's speech about their own campaign goals. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Secondary_does_not_mean_independent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Secondary does not mean independent (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><b>Secondary does not mean third-party</b></a>, and primary does not mean non-independent or affiliated with the subject. Secondary sources are <i>often</i> third-party or independent sources, but they are not always third-party sources. </p><p>Although there is technically <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Secondary_does_not_mean_independent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Secondary does not mean independent (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">a small distinction</a> between a third-party source and an independent one, most of Wikipedia's policies and guidelines use the terms interchangeably, and most sources that are third-party also happen to be independent. Note that a third party is not necessarily independent. For example, if famous filmmaker Y has a protege who runs a film review website ("Fully Independent Critic.com"), and if filmmaker Y instructs "Independent Critic" to praise or attack film Q, then filmmaker Y and Fully Independent Critic.com might not be independent, even though they are not related by ownership, contract or any legal means. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Why_independent_sources_are_required" data-mw-thread-id="h-Why_independent_sources_are_required"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Why_independent_sources_are_required"></span>Why independent sources are required<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Why_independent_sources_are_required"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=4" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Why independent sources are required"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Independent sources are a necessary foundation for any article. Although <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Wikipedia_is_not_paper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Wikipedia is not paper (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia is not paper</a>, it is also not a dumping ground for any and all information that readers consider important or useful. For the sake of <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NPOV" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:NPOV">neutrality</a>, Wikipedia cannot rely upon any editor's opinion about what topics are important. Everything in Wikipedia must be <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:V" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:V">verified</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:RS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">reliable sources</a>, including statements about what subjects are important and why. To verify that a subject is important, only a source that is independent of the subject can provide a reliable evaluation. A source too close to the subject will always believe that the subject is important enough to warrant detailed coverage, and relying exclusively upon this source will present a <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:COI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:COI (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">conflict of interest</a> and a threat to a neutral encyclopedia. </p><p>Arguably, an independent and reliable source is not always objective enough or knowledgeable to evaluate a subject. There are many instances of biased coverage by journalists, academics, and critics. Even with peer review and fact-checking, there are instances where otherwise reliable publications report complete falsehoods. But <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NOT#OR" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:NOT">Wikipedia does not allow editors to improve an article with their own criticisms or corrections</a>. Rather, if a generally reliable source makes a false or biased statement, the hope is that another reliable source can be found to refute that statement and restore balance. (In severe cases, a group of editors will <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Editorial_discretion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Editorial discretion (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">agree to remove the verified but false statement</a>, but without adding any original commentary in its place.) </p><p>If multiple reliable publications have discussed a topic, or better still debated a topic, then that improves the topic's probability of being covered in Wikipedia. First, multiple sources that have debated a subject will reliably demonstrate that the subject is worthy of notice. Second, and equally important, these reliable sources will allow editors to verify certain facts about the subject that make it significant, and write an encyclopedic article that meets our <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Policies_and_guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Non-independent_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-independent_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-independent_sources"></span>Non-independent sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-independent_sources"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=5" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Non-independent sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4353687"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NIS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Shortcut" title="వికీపీడియా:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:NIS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:NIS</a></li></ul></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:Xotic_BB_Preamp_(Copper)_-_Internal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Xotic_BB_Preamp_%28Copper%29_-_Internal.jpg/220px-Xotic_BB_Preamp_%28Copper%29_-_Internal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Xotic_BB_Preamp_%28Copper%29_-_Internal.jpg/330px-Xotic_BB_Preamp_%28Copper%29_-_Internal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Xotic_BB_Preamp_%28Copper%29_-_Internal.jpg/440px-Xotic_BB_Preamp_%28Copper%29_-_Internal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1183"/></a><figcaption>The Bippledorp 9000's manufacturer calls it "a landmark in the history of music and the most legendary pedal in rock"; an independent magazine review may call it "a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meh (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">meh</a>".</figcaption></figure> <p>Non-independent sources may be used to source content for articles, but the connection of the source to the topic must be clearly identified. i.e. "The organization X said 10,000 people showed up to protest." is OK when using material published by the organization, but "10,000 people showed up to protest." is not. Similarly, it is undesirable to say "Pax-Luv is the top tranquilizer" (without attribution) instead of "Pax-Luv's manufacturer, Umbrella Cor., says Pax-Luv is the top tranquilizer". </p><p>Non-independent sources should never be used to support claims of notability, but can with caution be used to fill in noncontroversial details. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press_releases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Press_releases-Non-independent_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Press_releases-Non-independent_sources"></span>Press releases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Press_releases-Non-independent_sources"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=6" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Press releases"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4353687"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:PRSOURCE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Shortcut" title="వికీపీడియా:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:PRSOURCE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:PRSOURCE (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:PRSOURCE</a></li></ul></div></div> <p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Press_release&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Press release (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">press release</a> is clearly not an independent source as it is usually written either by the business or organization it is written about, or by a business or person hired by or affiliated with the organization (e.g., a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spin_doctor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spin doctor (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">spin doctor</a>). Press releases commonly show up in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google News (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Google News</a> searches and other searches that editors commonly use to locate reliable sources. Usually, but not always, a press release will be identified as such. Many less reputable news sources will write an article based almost exclusively on a press release, making only minor modifications. When using news sources whose editorial integrity you are uncertain of, and an article reads like a press release, it is crucial to check to see that the source is not simply recycling a press release (a practice called "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Churnalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churnalism (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">churnalism</a>"). Sometimes, but not always, it is possible to locate the original press release used to generate the article. </p><p>In general, press releases have effusive praise, rather than factual statements. A press release about the Bippledorp 9000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Effect_pedal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Effect pedal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">effect pedal</a> by its manufacturer might call it the "greatest invention in the history of electric guitar"; in contrast, an independent review in <i>Guitar Player</i> magazine may simply make factual statements about its features and call it an "incremental tweak to existing pedal features". </p><p>Press releases and articles written from press releases cannot be used to support claims of notability and should be used cautiously for other assertions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syndicated_stories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syndicated_stories-Non-independent_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Syndicated_stories-Non-independent_sources"></span>Syndicated stories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Syndicated_stories-Non-independent_sources"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=7" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Syndicated stories"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4353687"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:SYNDICATED"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Shortcut" title="వికీపీడియా:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:SYNDICATED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:SYNDICATED (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:SYNDICATED</a></li></ul></div></div> <p>There are companies that generate television segments and sell them to broadcasters – this is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcast_syndication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadcast syndication (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">broadcast syndication</a>. This also happens <a href="/w/index.php?title=Print_syndication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Print syndication (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">in printed media</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_syndication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Web syndication (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">across websites</a>. A syndication company may offer the same story in multiple formats, such as a long and short news article, or the same story with an alternate lead, or a video and a written article. Whatever the length or format, they usually contain the same claims and are written or edited by the same person or team. </p><p>Syndicated news pieces may be independent of the subject matter, but they are not independent <b>of one another</b>. When considering notability or <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:WEIGHT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:WEIGHT (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">due weight</a> within an article, all of the related articles by the same publishing syndicate, no matter how widely they were sold, are treated as the same single source. (See also: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Notability#cite_ref-3" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Notability">Wikipedia:Notability#cite ref-3</a>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_of_interest" data-mw-thread-id="h-Conflicts_of_interest-Non-independent_sources"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Conflicts_of_interest-Non-independent_sources"></span>Conflicts of interest<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Conflicts_of_interest-Non-independent_sources"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=8" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Conflicts of interest"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4353687"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:COISOURCE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Shortcut" title="వికీపీడియా:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:COISOURCE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:COISOURCE (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">WP:COISOURCE</a></li></ul></div></div> <p>Any publication put out by an organization is clearly not independent of any topic that organization has an interest in promoting. In some cases, the conflict of interest is easy to see. For example, suppose Foo Petrochemicals Inc. wrote an article about a chemical spill caused by Foo Petrochemicals Inc.. This is not an independent source on the spill, nor on how "green", nature-loving and environment-saving Foo is. If the source is written by a public relations firm hired by Foo, it's the same as if it were written by Foo itself. Foo and the hired PR firm both have a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflict_of_interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflict of interest (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">conflict of interest</a> between a) being accurate and b) favouring Foo. </p><p>However, less direct interests can be harder to see and more subjective to establish. Caution must be used in accepting sources as independent. Suppose a non-profit organization named "Grassroots Reach-out Accountability Sustainability ("GRASS") writes a press release calling Foo Petrochemicals "the #1 savior of the environment and the planet". Does GRASS have a conflict of interest? Well, the GRASS.com website says GRASS is 100% independent and community-based. However, closer research may reveal that GRASS was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astroturfing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astroturfing (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">astroturfed</a> by unnamed corporations who gave the organization lots of money to pursue these "independent" agendas. US funding laws allow such anonymity; many other countries have stricter transparency laws. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:COVERT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:COVERT (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Covert ads</a> are illegal or restricted in many jurisdictions. </p><p>The peer-review process does not <i>guarantee</i> independence of a source. Journal policies on conflicts of interest vary. Caution is needed on topics with large commercial interests at stake, where controversy may be manufactured, and genuinely controversial topics where there may be a great deal of honest debate and dissent. Much scientific research is funded by companies with an interest in the outcome of the experiments, and such research makes its way into peer-reviewed journals. For example, pharmaceutical companies may fund research on their new medication Pax-Luv. If you are a scientist doing research funded by the manufacturer of Pax-Luv, you may be tempted (or pressured) into downplaying adverse information about the drug; resistance may lose you your funding. Journals themselves can also have conflicts of interest, due to their funding sources; some profit from <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:SPONSORED&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:SPONSORED (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">paid supplements</a>, and some <a href="/w/index.php?title=Predatory_journals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predatory journals (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">predatory journals</a> have no real peer-review. See <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conflicts_of_interest_in_academic_publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conflicts of interest in academic publishing (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">conflicts of interest in academic publishing</a>. </p><p>Independent studies, if available, are to be preferred. It may be best to include a source with a potential conflict of interest; in this case, it's important to identify the connection between the source and topic: "A study by X found that Y." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="No_guarantee_of_reliability" data-mw-thread-id="h-No_guarantee_of_reliability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-No_guarantee_of_reliability"></span>No guarantee of reliability<span data-mw-comment-end="h-No_guarantee_of_reliability"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=9" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: No guarantee of reliability"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Independence alone is not a guarantee that the source is accurate or reliable for a given purpose. Independent sources may be outdated, self-published, mistaken, or not have a reputation for fact-checking. </p> <ul><li><b>Outdated</b>: A book from 1950 about how asbestos fibre insulation is 100% safe for your house's roof may be published by a source which is completely independent from the asbestos mining and asbestos insulation industries. However, as of 2018, this 1950 book is outdated.</li> <li><b>Self-published</b>: A book by a self-proclaimed "International Insulation Expert", Foo Barkeley, may claim that asbestos fibre insulation is totally safe, and that we should all have fluffy heaps of asbestos fibre in our roofs and walls. However, if Foo Barkeley has paid the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanity_press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanity press (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">vanity press</a> company "You Pay, We Print It!" to print 100,000 copies of his treatise praising asbestos, then we don't know if Barkeley's views on asbestos are reliable.</li> <li><b>Mistaken</b>: The world's most elite <a href="/w/index.php?title=Effect_pedal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Effect pedal (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">effect pedal</a> experts, the International Guitar Pedal Institute, may declare in 1989 that the "Bippledorp 9000 pedal is the first pedal to use a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuzz_bass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuzz bass (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">fuzz bass</a> effect"; however, in 2018, new research may show that fuzz bass effects were available in pedal formats in the 1970s.</li> <li><b>Not good reputation for fact-checking</b>: A tabloid newspaper, the <i>Daily Truth</i>, may declare that a film celebrity, Fingel Stempleton, was kidnapped by space aliens and taken to their home planet for probing/surgery for the entire day of January 1, 2018. DT may make this claim based on an interview with a guest at Stempleton's mansion who witnessed the UFO's arrival in the gated Stempleton mansion/compound. However, a major newspaper with a reputation for fact-checking counters this claim with the release of 60 days of police video surveillance showing Stempleton was locked up for drunk driving from December 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018. (Hmmm, perhaps Stempleton used a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jedi (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Jedi</a> astral travel trick to get out of lockup?)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Relationship_to_notability" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relationship_to_notability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relationship_to_notability"></span>Relationship to notability<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relationship_to_notability"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=10" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Relationship to notability"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non-independent sources may not be used to establish <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:N (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">notability</a>. The core policy <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:What_Wikipedia_is_not" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not</a> requires that it be <i>possible</i> to verify a subject with at least one independent source, or else the subject may not have a separate article in Wikipedia. There is no requirement that every article currently contain citations to such sources, although it is highly desirable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indiscriminate_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Indiscriminate_sources-Relationship_to_notability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Indiscriminate_sources-Relationship_to_notability"></span>Indiscriminate sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Indiscriminate_sources-Relationship_to_notability"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=11" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Indiscriminate sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some sources, while apparently independent, are <b>indiscriminate sources</b>. For example, a travel guide might attempt to provide a review for every single <a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_of_interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Point of interest (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">point of interest</a>, restaurant, or hotel in a given area. A newspaper in a small town might write about the opening and closing of every single business in the town, or the everyday activities of local citizens. An enthusiastic local music reviewer may pen a review of every single person who comes on stage in their town with a guitar and a microphone, whether it is an amateur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garage_band&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garage band (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">garage band</a> playing for the first time or a major touring group. Sometimes, WP editors think that because a reliable source mentions a certain band, book, film or other topic, this confers notability on the book, film or other topic. Not necessarily. The <i>New York Times</i> may state that Foo Barkeley was onstage at a rock concert ("Foo Barkeley was one of the opening acts who performed on May 1, 2017 at the venue". This is arguably a "bare mention"; yes the NYT says that Foo performed, but they don't say whether the concert was good or noteworthy). </p><p>Indiscriminate but independent sources may be reliable – for example, an online travel guide may provide accurate information for every single hotel and restaurant in a town – but the existence of this information should be considered skeptically when determining <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:DUE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:DUE (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">due weight</a> and whether each of the mentioned locations <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Notability" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Notability">qualifies for a separate, standalone article</a>. If a subject, such as a local business, is only mentioned in indiscriminate independent sources, then it does not qualify for a separate article on Wikipedia, but may be mentioned briefly in related articles (e.g., the local business may be mentioned in the article about the town where it is located). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_without_third-party_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Articles_without_third-party_sources-Relationship_to_notability"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Articles_without_third-party_sources-Relationship_to_notability"></span>Articles without third-party sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Articles_without_third-party_sources-Relationship_to_notability"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=12" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Articles without third-party sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An article that currently is without third-party sources should not always be deleted. The article may merely be in an <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:IMPERFECT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:IMPERFECT (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">imperfect</a> state, and someone may only need to find the appropriate sources to verify the subject's importance. Consider asking for help with sources at the article's talk page, or at the relevant <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:WikiProject" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:WikiProject">WikiProject</a>. Also consider tagging the article with an appropriate template, such as <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Third-party" title="మూస:Third-party">Third-party</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Unreferenced" title="మూస:Unreferenced">unreferenced</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p><p>If no amount of searching will remedy this lack of sources, then it may still be possible to <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:PRESERVE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:PRESERVE (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">preserve</a> some of the information by <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Merging" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Merging">merging</a> it into another broad topic. But in order to avoid <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:WEIGHT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:WEIGHT (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">undue weight</a>, the subject may first need to be summarized appropriately. Consider starting a merge discussion, using the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Merge" class="mw-redirect" title="మూస:Merge">merge</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p><p>Otherwise, if deleting: </p> <ul><li>If the article meets our <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Criteria for speedy deletion">criteria for speedy deletion</a>, one can use a criterion-specific deletion tag listed on that page.</li> <li>Use the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Prod" class="mw-redirect" title="మూస:Prod">prod</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> tag, for articles which do not meet the criteria for speedy deletion, but are uncontroversial deletion candidates. This allows the article to be deleted after seven days if nobody objects. For more information, see <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Proposed_deletion" title="వికీపీడియా:Proposed deletion">Wikipedia:Proposed deletion</a>.</li> <li>For cases where you are unsure about deletion or believe others might object, nominate the article for the <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Articles_for_deletion" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Articles for deletion">articles for deletion</a> process, where the merits will be debated and deliberated for at least seven days.</li></ul> <p>Some articles do not belong on Wikipedia, but fit one of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Wikimedia_sister_projects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Wikimedia sister projects (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikimedia sister projects</a>. They may be copied there using <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/transwiki" class="extiw" title="m:transwiki">transwiki</a> functionality before considering their merger or deletion. If an article to be deleted is likely to be re-created under the same name, it may be <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Soft_redirect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Soft redirect (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">turned into a soft redirect</a> to a more appropriate sister project's article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Related_concepts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Related_concepts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Related_concepts"></span>Related concepts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Related_concepts"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=13" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Related concepts"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_primary_and_secondary_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relationship_to_primary_and_secondary_sources-Related_concepts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relationship_to_primary_and_secondary_sources-Related_concepts"></span>Relationship to primary and secondary sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relationship_to_primary_and_secondary_sources-Related_concepts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=14" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Relationship to primary and secondary sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This concept is contrasted with the unrelated concept of a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Identifying_and_using_primary_and_secondary_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Identifying and using primary and secondary sources (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">secondary source</a></i>. A secondary source derives its material from some other, original material, e.g., a non-fiction book analyzing original material such as news reports. Secondary sources are contrasted with <i>primary sources. </i>Primary sources are the wellspring of the original material, e.g., an autobiography, a politician's speech about their own campaign goals or quoted material from a holy text. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Secondary_does_not_mean_independent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Secondary does not mean independent (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)"><b>Secondary does not mean independent</b></a>, and primary does not mean non-independent or affiliated with the subject. Secondary sources are <i>often</i> third-party or independent sources, but not always. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_self-published_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relationship_to_self-published_sources-Related_concepts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relationship_to_self-published_sources-Related_concepts"></span>Relationship to self-published sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relationship_to_self-published_sources-Related_concepts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=15" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Relationship to self-published sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This concept is unrelated to <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Identifying_and_using_self-published_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Identifying and using self-published sources (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">whether a source is self-published</a>. A self-published source is made available to the public ("published") by or at the direction of the person or entity that created it. Blog posts by consumers about their personal experiences with a product are completely independent, self-published sources. A peer-reviewed article in an reputable academic journal by researchers at a pharmaceutical company about one of their products is a non-independent, non-self-published source. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biased_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Biased_sources-Related_concepts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Biased_sources-Related_concepts"></span>Biased sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Biased_sources-Related_concepts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=16" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Biased sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82:A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/220px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/330px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/440px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"/></a><figcaption>It doesn't matter if you love it or hate it. If you aren't selling it, you're probably an independent source about it.</figcaption></figure> <p>A source can be biased without compromising its independence. When a source strongly approves or disapproves of something, but it has no connection to the subject and does not stand to benefit directly from promoting that view, then the source is still independent. </p><p>In particular, many academic journals are sometimes said to be "biased", but the fact that education journals are in favor of education, pharmaceutical journals are in favor of pharmaceutical drugs, journals about specific regions write about the people and places in that region, etc., does not mean that these sources are non-independent, or even biased. What matters for independence is whether they stand to gain from it. For example, a drug company publishing about their own products in a pharmaceutical journal is a non-independent source. The same type of article, written by a government researcher, would be an independent source. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third-party_versus_independent" data-mw-thread-id="h-Third-party_versus_independent-Related_concepts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Third-party_versus_independent-Related_concepts"></span>Third-party versus independent<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Third-party_versus_independent-Related_concepts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=17" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Third-party versus independent"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is technically <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Secondary_does_not_mean_independent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Secondary does not mean independent (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">a small distinction</a> between a third-party source and an independent one. An "independent" source is one that has no vested interest in the subject. For example, the independent source will not earn any extra money by convincing readers of its viewpoint. A "third-party" source is one that is not directly involved in any transaction related to the subject, but may still have a financial or other vested interest in the outcome. For example, if a lawsuit between two people may result in one person's insurance company paying a claim, then that insurance company is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_(law)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party (law) (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">third party</a> but is not financially independent. </p><p>However, most of Wikipedia's policies and guidelines use the terms interchangeably, and most published sources that are third-party also happen to be independent. Except when directly specified otherwise in the policy or guideline, it is sufficient for a source to be either independent or third-party, and it is ideal to rely on sources that are both. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wikipedia's_requirements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikipedia's_requirements"><span id="Wikipedia.27s_requirements"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikipedia's_requirements"></span>Wikipedia's requirements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikipedia's_requirements"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=18" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Wikipedia's requirements"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policies_and_guidelines_requiring_third-party_sources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Policies_and_guidelines_requiring_third-party_sources-Wikipedia's_requirements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Policies_and_guidelines_requiring_third-party_sources-Wikipedia's_requirements"></span>Policies and guidelines requiring third-party sources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Policies_and_guidelines_requiring_third-party_sources-Wikipedia's_requirements"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=19" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: Policies and guidelines requiring third-party sources"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The necessity of reliable, third-party sources is cemented in several of Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Policies_and_guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a>: </p> <ul><li>Wikipedia's policy on <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:What_Wikipedia_is_not" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a> states that "All article topics must be verifiable with independent, third-party sources".</li> <li>Wikipedia's policies on both <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:No_original_research" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:No original research">No original research</a></i> state that "If no reliable, third-party sources can be found for an article topic, Wikipedia should not have an article on it."</li> <li>Wikipedia's policy on <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Verifiability" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></i> states that "Articles should be based upon reliable, third-party published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy."</li> <li>Wikipedia's guideline on <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a></i> states that "Articles should be based on reliable, independent, published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy."</li> <li>Wikipedia's guideline on <i><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Notability" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Notability">Notability</a></i> states that "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject, it is presumed to satisfy the inclusion criteria for a stand-alone article."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="How_to_meet_the_requirement" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_meet_the_requirement-Wikipedia's_requirements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_meet_the_requirement-Wikipedia's_requirements"></span>How to meet the requirement<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_meet_the_requirement-Wikipedia's_requirements"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=20" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: How to meet the requirement"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An article must be based upon <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Reliable sources">reliable</a> third-party sources, and meets this requirement if: </p> <ul><li><i>Reliable</i>: A third-party source is reliable if it has standards of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peer_review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peer review (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">peer review</a> and fact-checking. In general, the more people engaged in checking facts, the more reliable the publication.</li> <li><i>Third-party</i>: A third-party source is independent and unaffiliated with the subject, thus excluding first-party sources such as self-published material by the subject, autobiographies, and promotional materials.</li> <li><i>Sources</i>: At least two third-party sources should cover the subject, to avoid idiosyncratic articles based upon a single perspective.</li> <li><i>Based upon</i>: These reliable third-party sources should <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:V" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:V">verify</a> enough facts to write a <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Stub" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:Stub">non-stub</a> article about the subject, including a statement explaining its significance.</li></ul> <p>Once an article meets this minimal standard, additional content can be <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:V" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:V">verified</a> using any <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:RS (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">reliable source</a>. However, any information that violates <a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="వికీపీడియా:NOT">What Wikipedia is not</a> must be removed, regardless of whether or not it is verified in reliable third-party sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit&section=21" title="విభాగాన్ని మార్చు: See also"><span>మార్చు</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4246472">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3779865"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third_party" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:third party">third party</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Relevant encyclopedia articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Editorial_independence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editorial independence (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Editorial independence</a>: The ability of a journalist to accurately report news regardless of commercial considerations like pleasing advertisers</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent sources (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Independent sources</a>: Whether journalistic sources are repeating each other, or have separately come to the same conclusions</li></ul> <p><b>Related Wikipedia pages</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Articles_with_a_single_source&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Articles with a single source (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia:Articles with a single source</a> – multiple sources are always better than <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Onesource&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస:Onesource (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">onesource</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Conflict_of_interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Conflict of interest (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia:Conflict of interest</a> – a Wikipedia behavioral guideline regarding advancing outside interests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Identifying_reliable_sources" title="వికీపీడియా:Identifying reliable sources">Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources</a> – a non-independent source is sometimes still reliable.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Party_and_person&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వికీపీడియా:Party and person (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia:Party and person</a> – "Secondary" does not mean "independent"; "third party" does not mean "secondary" (or "tertiary").</li></ul> <p><b>Relevant templates</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Third-party-inline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="మూస:Third-party-inline (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Third-party-inline</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, to mark sentences needing an independent or third-party source</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8:Third-party" title="మూస:Third-party">Third-party</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, to tag pages that contain zero independent or third-party sources</li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Are you wondering what happened to the "second party"? That's a nearly archaic term for the defendant in a civil lawsuit. In sourcing terms, there's only first-party and third-party.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=వికీపీడియా:Independent_sources&oldid=3453618">https://te.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=వికీపీడియా:Independent_sources&oldid=3453618</a>" నుండి వెలికితీశారు</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ప్రత్యేక:వర్గాలు">వర్గాలు</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Wikipedia_supplemental_pages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వర్గం:Wikipedia supplemental pages (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia supplemental pages</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Wikipedia_notability&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వర్గం:Wikipedia notability (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia notability</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Wikipedia_verifiability&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="వర్గం:Wikipedia verifiability (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు)">Wikipedia verifiability</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">దాచిన వర్గం: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82:Wikipedia_pages_with_incorrect_protection_templates" title="వర్గం:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates">Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>మార్గదర్శకపు మెనూ</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">వ్యక్తిగత పరికరాలు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="మీ ఐపీ చిరునామాకి సంబంధించిన వాడుకరి పేజీ">లాగిన్ అయిలేరు</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఈ ఐపీ చిరునామా నుండి చేసిన మార్పుల గురించి చర్చ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ఈ IP కి సంబంధించిన చర్చ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81-%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఈ IP అడ్రసు నుండి చేసిన దిద్దుబాట్ల జాబితా [y]" accesskey="y"><span>మార్పుచేర్పులు</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81&returnto=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%3AIndependent+sources" title="మీరొక ఖాతాను సృష్టించుకొని, లాగినవడాన్ని ప్రోత్సహిస్తాం; అయితే, అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు"><span>ఖాతా సృష్టించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82&returnto=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%3AIndependent+sources" title="మిమ్మల్ని లాగినవమని ప్రోత్సహిస్తున్నాం; కానీ అది తప్పనిసరేమీ కాదు. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>లాగినవండి</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">పేరుబరులు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources" title="ప్రాజెక్టు పేజీని చూడండి [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ప్రాజెక్టు పేజీ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A:Independent_sources&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="విషయపు పేజీ గురించి చర్చ (పేజీ ఉనికిలో లేదు) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>చర్చ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">తెలుగు</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">చూపులు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources"><span>చదువు</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=edit" title="ఈ పేజీ సోర్సుకోడ్‌ను దిద్దండి [e]" accesskey="e"><span>మూలపాఠ్యాన్ని సవరించు</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=history" title="ఈ పేజీ మునుపటి కూర్పులు [h]" accesskey="h"><span>చరిత్ర</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="మరిన్ని ఎంపికలు" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">మరిన్ని</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >వెతుకు</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" aria-label="వికీపీడియా‌లో వెతకండి" autocapitalize="sentences" title="వికీపీడియా లో వెతకండి [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ప్రత్యేక:అన్వేషణ"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="పేజీలలో ఈ పాఠ్యం కొరకు వెతుకు" value="వెతుకు"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="కచ్చితంగా ఇదే పేరుతో పేజీ ఉంటే అక్కడికి తీసుకెళ్ళు" value="వెళ్లు"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ చూడండి"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">మార్గదర్శకము</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="మొదటి పేజీ చూడండి [z]" accesskey="z"><span>మొదటి పేజీ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80" title="ఓ యాదృచ్చిక పేజీని చూడండి [x]" accesskey="x"><span>యాదృచ్ఛిక పేజీ</span></a></li><li id="n-రచ్చబండ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1"><span>రచ్చబండ</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF"><span>వికీపీడియా గురించి</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Contact_us"><span>సంప్రదింపు పేజీ</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_te.wikipedia.org&uselang=te" title="మాకు తోడ్పడండి"><span>విరాళాలు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-పరస్పరక్రియ" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-పరస్పరక్రియ vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-పరస్పరక్రియ-label" > <h3 id="p-పరస్పరక్రియ-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">పరస్పరక్రియ</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-సహాయసూచిక" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95"><span>సహాయసూచిక</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="ప్రాజెక్టు గురించి, మీరేం చేయవచ్చు, సమాచారం ఎక్కడ దొరుకుతుంది"><span>సముదాయ పందిరి</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="వికీలో ఇటీవల జరిగిన మార్పుల జాబితా. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ఇటీవలి మార్పులు</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81"><span>కొత్త పేజీలు</span></a></li><li id="n-దస్త్రం-ఎక్కింపు" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:File_Upload_Wizard"><span>దస్త్రం ఎక్కింపు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">పరికరాల పెట్టె</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources" title="ఇక్కడికి లింకై ఉన్న అన్ని వికీ పేజీల జాబితా [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ఇక్కడికి లింకున్న పేజీలు</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources" rel="nofollow" title="ఈ పేజీకి లింకై ఉన్న పేజీల్లో జరిగిన ఇటీవలి మార్పులు [k]" accesskey="k"><span>సంబంధిత మార్పులు</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/వికీపీడియా:ఫైల్_ఎక్కింపు_విజర్డు" title="దస్త్రాలను ఎక్కించండి [u]" accesskey="u"><span>దస్త్రపు ఎక్కింపు</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ప్రత్యేక పేజీలన్నిటి జాబితా [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ప్రత్యేక పేజీలు</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&oldid=3453618" title="ఈ పేజీకి చెందిన ఈ కూర్పుకు శాశ్వత లింకు"><span>శాశ్వత లింకు</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&action=info" title="ఈ పేజీ గురించి మరింత సమాచారం"><span>పేజీ సమాచారం</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fte.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25BE%3AIndependent_sources"><span>పొట్టి URL ని పొందండి</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fte.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25BE%3AIndependent_sources"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ముద్రణ/ఎగుమతి</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%3AIndependent+sources"><span>ఓ పుస్తకాన్ని సృష్టించండి</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%3AIndependent_sources&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF రూపంలో దించుకోండి</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:Independent_sources&printable=yes" title="ఈ పేజీకి ముద్రించుకోదగ్గ కూర్పు [p]" accesskey="p"><span>అచ్చుతీయదగ్గ కూర్పు</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ఇతర ప్రాజెక్టులలో</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11309009" title="ఈ పేజీకి జత చేసి ఉన్న వికీడేటా పేజీకి లంకె [g]" accesskey="g"><span>వికీడేటా అంశం</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">ఇతర భాషలు</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources – ఇంగ్లీష్" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wikipedia:Independent sources" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ఇంగ్లీష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಮೂಲಗಳು – కన్నడ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಮೂಲಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="కన్నడ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9" title="ويكيبيديا:مصادر مستقلة – అరబిక్" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:مصادر مستقلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="అరబిక్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ویکی‌پدیا:باغیمسیز قایناقلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:باغیمسیز قایناقلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:স্বাধীন উৎস – బంగ్లా" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:স্বাধীন উৎস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="బంగ్లా" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84" title="ویکی‌پدیا:منابع مستقل – పర్షియన్" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:منابع مستقل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="పర్షియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Ellen%C5%91rizhet%C5%91s%C3%A9g_(f%C3%BCggetlen_forr%C3%A1s)" title="Wikipédia:Ellenőrizhetőség (független forrás) – హంగేరియన్" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Ellenőrizhetőség (független forrás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="హంగేరియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_independen" title="Wikipedia:Sumber independen – ఇండోనేషియన్" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Sumber independen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ఇండోనేషియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:独立した情報源 – జపనీస్" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:独立した情報源" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="జపనీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Nepriklausomi_%C5%A1altiniai" title="Vikipedija:Nepriklausomi šaltiniai – లిథువేనియన్" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Nepriklausomi šaltiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="లిథువేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Fontes_independentes" title="Wikipédia:Fontes independentes – పోర్చుగీస్" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Fontes independentes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="పోర్చుగీస్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Independen%C8%9Ba_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Independența surselor – రోమేనియన్" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Independența surselor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="రోమేనియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A7" title="وڪيپيڊيا:آزاد ذريعا – సింధీ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:آزاد ذريعا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="సింధీ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Independent_sources" title="විකිපීඩියා:Independent sources – సింహళం" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:Independent sources" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="సింహళం" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Википедија:Независни извори – సెర్బియన్" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Независни извори" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="సెర్బియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1z_kaynaklar" title="Vikipedi:Bağımsız kaynaklar – టర్కిష్" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Bağımsız kaynaklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="టర్కిష్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Вікіпедія:Незалежні джерела – ఉక్రెయినియన్" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Незалежні джерела" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ఉక్రెయినియన్" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:獨立第三方來源 – చైనీస్" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:獨立第三方來源" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="చైనీస్" 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