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title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perseus Digital Library</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Digital_Library" title="Perseus Digital Library – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Perseus Digital Library" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projecte_Perseus" title="Projecte Perseus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Projecte Perseus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Project" title="Perseus Project – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Project" title="Perseus Project – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecto_Perseus" title="Proyecto Perseus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proyecto Perseus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Liburutegi_Digitala" title="Perseus Liburutegi Digitala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perseus Liburutegi Digitala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کتابخانه دیجیتال پرسئوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتابخانه دیجیتال پرسئوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_num%C3%A9rique_Perseus" title="Bibliothèque numérique Perseus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bibliothèque numérique Perseus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxecto_Perseus" title="Proxecto Perseus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Proxecto Perseus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8" title="페르세우스 프로젝트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페르세우스 프로젝트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Project" title="Perseus Project – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Perseus_Project" title="The Perseus Project – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="The Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Project" title="Perseus Project – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="פרויקט פרסאוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרויקט פרסאוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_(situs_interretialis)" title="Perseus (situs interretialis) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Perseus (situs interretialis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="ペルセウス電子図書館 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルセウス電子図書館" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Project" title="Perseus Project – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseus_Project" title="Perseus Project – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perseus Project" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%98" title="Пројекат Персеј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пројекат Персеј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q639661#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Perseus Digital Library</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scope</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic Materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic Materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_the_United_States" title="19th century in the United States">19th-century America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern English">Early modern English</a> literature, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times_Dispatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Times Dispatch">Richmond Times Dispatch</a> and Humanist and Renaissance Italian Poetry in Latin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1987</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background: #ededed;">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Director</th><td class="infobox-data">Gregory Crane</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper">www<wbr />.perseus<wbr />.tufts<wbr />.edu<wbr />/hopper</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Perseus Digital Library</b>, formerly known as the <b>Perseus Project</b>, is a free-access <a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">digital library</a> founded by Gregory Crane in 1987 and hosted by the Department of Classical Studies of <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>. One of the pioneers of digital libraries, its self-proclaimed mission is to make the full record of humanity available to everyone. While originally focused on the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greco</a><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">-Roman</a> world, it has since diversified and offers materials in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> literature, <a href="/wiki/19th_century_in_the_United_States" title="19th century in the United States">19th century American</a> documents and <a href="/wiki/Italian_poetry" title="Italian poetry">Italian poetry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and has sprouted several child projects and international cooperation. The current version, Perseus 4.0, is also known as the Perseus Hopper, and is <a href="/wiki/Mirror_site" title="Mirror site">mirrored</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perseus Digital Library was created to provide access to materials of the history of humanity to everyone, with Gregory Crane, the editor-in-chief of the library, stating that "access to the cultural heritage of humanity is a right, not a privilege".<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_Source">Open Source</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Open Source"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This notably means that the Perseus Digital Library tries not to be exclusive to academics but aims to be accessible to everyone.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To reflect this, the library supports <a href="/wiki/Open-source_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source content">open-source content</a> and has published its code on <a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a>. The website is written in <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">Java</a>, uses sustainable formats such as <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> and <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and includes native support for the <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> alphabets. It allows users to download all materials that belong to the public domain along with the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> rights information that specify their conditions of use. While automated downloading is not authorized, in order to protect items subject to intellectual property, the library offers download packages to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Perseus Digital library also adheres to sets of standards edified by other projects. It follows the norms of the <a href="/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative" title="Text Encoding Initiative">Text Encoding Initiative</a> for its XML mark-up. In the same vein, the library has applied the Canonical Text Services (CTS) protocol regarding citations to its classical Greek-Latin corpus.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following this philosophy, Perseus chooses to use <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a>-free texts, be it in the primary readings or in their translations and commentaries. For these reasons, the texts hosted necessarily date at the latest from the 19th and early 20th century, and must be divided into books, chapters and sections to be displayed individually. As such, those translations and <a href="/wiki/Commentary_(philology)" title="Commentary (philology)">commentaries</a> can be outdated compared to the current state of the research, which can prove problematic when most of the now canonically accepted versions of ancient texts were established and sectioned later, during the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perseus however tries to make rare and out-of-print materials accessible,<sup id="cite_ref-Wulfman_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wulfman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, for some texts, the material one can find on the website is the only one that was produced, which makes it especially valuable to scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some content is restricted by <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> <a href="/wiki/License#Intellectual_property" title="License">license</a> agreements with the holders of the rights to that material. This is notably the case for the pictures of artifacts that come from partnership with museums.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perseus Library is one of the first digital libraries to have been created, and is widely regarded as a pioneer in the field and a role model of other similar initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-Wulfman_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wulfman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coffee-Bernstein_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffee-Bernstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Svensson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svensson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Digital_Humanities_Companion_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_Humanities_Companion-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xie-Matusiak_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie-Matusiak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Perseus Library first originated as a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Thesaurus_Linguae_Graecae" title="Thesaurus Linguae Graecae">Thesaurus Linguae Graecae</a>, from a full-text retrieval tool on <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> materials made by Gregory Crane, who became the editor-in-chief of the project ever since it was created.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of the library was to provide a wider access to knowledge, past the academical field; to quote the mission statement, "to make a full record of humanity, as intellectually accessible as possible, to every human being, regardless of linguistic or cultural background".<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The planning period took place from 1985 to 1988, with the development of the Ancient Greek collection starting in 1987 thanks to funding from the <a href="/wiki/Annenberg_Foundation" title="Annenberg Foundation">Annenberg-CPB Project</a> which allowed the Perseus Project to be developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perseus 1.0, or HyperCard Perseus, was a <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> released in 1992 by <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, using the Apple <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a> for <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Digital_Humanities_Companion_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_Humanities_Companion-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For practical reasons, it was limited to ancient Greek materials, and contained the texts of nine major Greek authors along with an English translation and commentary.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection was enriched by use of <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlink</a> technology and contextual material such as pictures of artifacts, an atlas as well as an historical timeline, and an encyclopedia of places, people and terminology, in an attempt to help non-academic users gain access to the material.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perseus 1.0 got nonetheless criticized for its "difficulty of use and odd content, both specialised and lacking".<sup id="cite_ref-Bryn_Mawr_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryn_Mawr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it was not a true digital library, but rather more a CD-ROM of primary readings published with various additional information.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second version of the CD-ROM came in 1996 in the form of Perseus 2.0, which mainly expanded the collection of pictures. It was still limited to McIntosh computers, until a platform-independent version got released in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hardware limitations induced costs and limited the scope of the projects, which ultimately led to the CD-ROM versions of Perseus only covering Greek material. Moreover, they were very expensive: even though the price was to only make minimal profits, the CDs cost between $150 and $350 depending on the amount of material included, and were only released in North America, which severely limited worldwide accessibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After moving to Tufts University in 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Perseus Library switched to a website version in 1995 written in <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xie-Matusiak_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie-Matusiak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanks to this new interface, Perseus-Online could reach a wider audience. However, Perseus was still bound by copyright agreements made with the CD-ROM company, which limited the reuse of material.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perseus 2.0 Online expanded the collection in 1997, adding <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> materials as well as <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> texts of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Marlowe</a>. This version also introduced a search bar on the website, as well as articles which presented information on Heracles and the Olympic Games, which were quite successful.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, a grant from the Digital Library Initiative Phase 2 allowed Perseus to expand into other areas of Humanities and to create collections on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_London" title="History of London">History of London</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Xie-Matusiak_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie-Matusiak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perseus 3.0 released in 2000 directly on the web.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version expanded and revised the website, adding new collections, but it was subject to some issues when it came to making links to material stable and consistent.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current version of Perseus, Perseus 4.0, also known as the Perseus Hopper, was released in 2005, with Perseus 3.0 coexisting alongside and slowly fading out, until it got taken down in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This time, the website was based on <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, written in the open-sourced language Hopper and TEI-compliant XML. The shift allowed Perseus to produce its own XML-encoded texts, which were not bound by copyright agreements. The Greek, Latin and English collections were released in 2006 under a Creative Commons License.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The source code got subsequently released in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perseus has nowadays branched into other projects: the Scaife Viewer, which is the first phase of the work towards Perseus 5.0,<sup id="cite_ref-Scaife_Youtube_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scaife_Youtube-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Perseus Catalog,<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Babeu_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babeu-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perseus_Youtube_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perseus_Youtube-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provides links to the digital editions not hosted by the Perseus Library, the Perseids Project,<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which aims to support access to Classics scholarship by providing tools to foster language acquisition, facilitate working with documents, and encourage research, and, more recently, the Beyond Translation project, which aims to combine the Scaife Viewer with new versions and services of Perseus 4.0.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, the library has been cooperating internationally with <a href="/wiki/Leipzig_University" title="Leipzig University">Leipzig University</a>, with several projects emerging of it, such as the Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank, for classical philology, Leipzig Open Fragmentary Texts Series (LOFTS) which focuses on fragmentary texts,<sup id="cite_ref-LOFTS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOFTS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Open Greek and Latin Project and Open Persian.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections">Collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perseus Digital Library contains online collections on the Humanities pertaining to different subjects. The main collection focuses on the classical materials of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and features an extensive number of texts written in Ancient Greek and Latin chosen for their status as a canonical literary text, in a degree of completeness and representativeness no other digital library can claim.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has however been noted that the materials that weren't included on account on not being traditionally studied are further devalued by the lack of representation.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The library does not only host primary readings. Partnerships with museums allowed it to build a consequent collection of artifacts which showcases pictures of coins, sculptures, vases, but also gems, buildings and sites, as well as information concerning the context of artifact and its current location.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perseus_Youtube_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perseus_Youtube-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, Perseus includes commentaries and translations that are free of copyright. However, to be free of copyright, texts have to be sufficiently old, and, as a result, Classics scholars have insisted that the commentaries and translations provided by Perseus cannot be used in an academical setting due to their age and the existence of more recent editions for the most often researched texts.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the classical section is the most complete and established of the website, the Perseus Digital Library is not limited to this collection, and has branched throughout its existence into other categories of knowledge. Materials on early modern English literature are as such available, and used to be called the Perseus Garner.<sup id="cite_ref-Wulfman_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wulfman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They consisted of a heterogeneous compilation of primary materials from the early modern period in England, as well as selected secondary materials from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, comprising the works of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, the Globe Shakespeare, volumes from the New Variorum Shakespeare Series, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Holinshed" title="Raphael Holinshed">Raphael Holinshed's</a> Chronicles, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hakluyt" title="Richard Hakluyt">Richard Hakluyt's</a> Voyages and the rhetorical works of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Peacham_(born_1546)" title="Henry Peacham (born 1546)">Henry Peacham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(rhetorician)" title="Thomas Wilson (rhetorician)">Thomas Wilson</a>, among other primary sources. Several reference works, include glossaries and lexicons, are also included.<sup id="cite_ref-Wulfman_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wulfman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This collection of texts has however been criticized for its choices of inclusion, and described as neither balanced nor complete, and texts not included are devalued by their absence.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Records from <a href="/wiki/American_Memory" title="American Memory">American Memory</a>, a corpus of electronic versions of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> archival collections related to the cultural heritage of the United States, were harvested in order to offer a collection on the history of the 19th-century United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This third-party collection was further completed by materials on the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. This sub-collection, as well as materials on the Humanist and Renaissance Italian Poetry in Latin and the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Times_Dispatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Times Dispatch">Richmond Times Dispatch</a>, are regarded as fairly complete due to their narrow subject. </p><p>Perseus also hosts a variety of documents on the study of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic people">Germanic people</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a> and a variety of sagas in <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> along with translations.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This sub-section has been described as fairly good, considering that this field of research is less well researched than the other.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the Perseus Digital Library hosts <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> materials, but its selection is limited to the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and dictionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Library used to host the Bolles Collection of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_London" title="History of London">History of London</a>, a digitized recreation of an existing special collection homogeneous in theme but heterogeneous in content, which interlinks maps of London, relevant texts, and historical and contemporary illustrations of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Digital_Humanities_Companion_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Digital_Humanities_Companion-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collection got transferred to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tufts_Digital_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tufts Digital Library (page does not exist)">Tufts Digital Library</a>. The same can be said of the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri and the history of Tufts, which used to be on the website as well (Perseus). A section on the history of mechanics also used to be present on Perseus.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_technology">Use of technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use of technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perseus Library follows the goal of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Humanities" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Humanities">Digital Humanities</a>, which is to capitalize on the use of modern technology to further research in Classics and facilitate understanding of the material. As such, it uses a variety of tools to enrich the texts it hosts. </p><p>One of the way it does so is by automatically linking the texts to additional materials. Interlinks exist between a primary reading, its different versions, and its translations and commentaries. Users can also find maps of places mentioned in the texts as well as a historical timeline, and search tools allow readers to look for a text by its author or the presence of a specific <a href="/wiki/Lemma_(morphology)" title="Lemma (morphology)">lemma</a> or word.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahoney_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahoney-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perseus also enhanced its texts through TEI-compliant<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a>, which allows each word to be linked to a dictionary entry, a <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphological</a> analysis tool known as Morpheus, a <a href="/wiki/Word_list" title="Word list">word frequency</a> tool, and other texts where the word is used.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wulfman_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wulfman-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the mark-up is automatically generated, older sections of the libraries have been noted to be less rich and complete than newer ones.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This structure allows for a machine-readable and searchable environment, and one of Perseus' goals is the automated generation of knowledge through <a href="/wiki/Text_mining" title="Text mining">text and data mining</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each section of a text and item is also given a stable identifier of 10 digits,<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which makes citations possible<sup id="cite_ref-Perseus_Youtube_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perseus_Youtube-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the form of four different <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URIs</a> (text, citation, work, catalog record) containing <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">URNs</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> furthermore, metadata schemes are employed as to make each section or object meaningful outside of the context of the library.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those sections are also given a Creative Commons license indicating conditions of use.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, one should note the lack of a TEI-header containing bibliographical information and metadata about the respective source, and that such information needs to be searched for on the Perseus Catalog.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the use of this technology, Perseus has been useful to scholars of <a href="/wiki/Classics#Philology" title="Classics">classical philology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classics#Ancient_History" title="Classics">history</a> in facilitating the study of the material,<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rydberg-Cox_Acquisition_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rydberg-Cox_Acquisition-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also to students who have benefited from the various tools the library offers.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahoney_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahoney-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_on_the_website">Criticism on the website</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism on the website"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The website has been criticised for being ergonomically poor and unintuitive, and new users may have problems accessing resources due to a confusing layout which seems to prioritize showcasing the Perseus Digital Library over its collections.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lack of presentation for collections accentuates this problem.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accessibility is another issue, with pages not always adhering to the standards of the <a href="/wiki/Section_508_Amendment_to_the_Rehabilitation_Act_of_1973" title="Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973">Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sustainability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perseus has proven convincing in terms of sustainability throughout its long history<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ability to evolve, having notably been able to migrate from the <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a> format to XML in Perseus 4.0.<sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preservation of the collections is further insured by a <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Commons" title="Fedora Commons">Fedora Commons</a> Backend created in 2002<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Mirror_site" title="Mirror site">mirror site</a> provided by the University of Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responsibility">Responsibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Responsibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_Actors">Key Actors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Key Actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Perseus Digital Library has been under the consistent leadership of its founder and editor in chief Gregory Crane.<sup id="cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The library is nowadays located at <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> with a full-time staff of eight members, consisting of Gregory Crane, Marie-Claire Beaulieu, who has joined the project in 2010 and become its Associate Editor in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-Beaulieu_named_Editor_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaulieu_named_Editor-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bridget Almas, lead <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software developer</a> of the Perseus Digital Library and one of the primary programmers of the <a href="/wiki/Alpheios_Project" title="Alpheios Project">Alpheios Project</a>, Alison Babeu, Digital Librarian and Research Coordinator of the library since 2004, Lisa Cerrato, Managing Editor who was a part of Perseus since 1994, and Anna Krohn, digital library analyst and lead developer of the Perseus Catalog. Frederik Baumgardt and Tim Buckingham are also noted as working on the Perseids Project full time, respectively as Data Architect and Senior Research Coordinator.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A list of former staff and students can be found on the Perseus website.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A long list of agencies provided funding and grants to the Perseus Digital Library over the years. According to the home page of the Perseus website, the list of recent financial supporters includes: the <a href="/wiki/Alpheios_Project" title="Alpheios Project">Alpheios Project</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">Institute of Museum and Library Services</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> as well as private donors, and Tufts University.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Preece-Zepeda_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preece-Zepeda-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mellon Foundation, Tufts University, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>'s Center for Hellenic Studies and, mainly, the National Endowment for the Humanities are specifically noted as key donors that made the Beyond Translation project possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional support for the Perseus project has been provided over the years by the <a href="/wiki/Annenberg/CPB_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Annenberg/CPB Project">Annenberg Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple Inc.</a>, the Berger Family Technology Transfer Endowment, the Digital Libraries Initiative Phase 2, the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education part of the U.S. Department of Education, the Getty Grant program, the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a>, the National Endowment for the Arts, the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Packard_Humanities_Institute" title="Packard Humanities Institute">Packard Humanities Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox Corporation">Xerox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, and Harvard University.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_library_projects" title="List of digital library projects">List of digital library projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheios_Project" title="Alpheios Project">Alpheios Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thesaurus_Linguae_Graecae" title="Thesaurus Linguae Graecae">Thesaurus Linguae Graecae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lang-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lang_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLang2018" class="citation web cs1">Lang, Sarah (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ride.i-d-e.de/issues/issue-8/perseus/">"Review of Perseus Digital Library"</a>. <i>RIDE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIDE&rft.atitle=Review+of+Perseus+Digital+Library&rft.date=2018-02&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fride.i-d-e.de%2Fissues%2Fissue-8%2Fperseus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minds_Alive-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minds_Alive_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRockwellVelaCerratoIlovan2020" class="citation book cs1">Rockwell, Geoffrey; Vela, Sarah; Cerrato, Lisa M.; Ilovan, Mihaela; Perseus Digital Library; INKE Research Group (2020). "The Interface of a Digital Library: The Perseus Digital Library as a case study". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uBK_DwAAQBAJ"><i>Minds Alive: Libraries and Archives Now</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781487505271" title="Special:BookSources/9781487505271"><bdi>9781487505271</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(Winter 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20642002">"The Perseus Garner: Early Modern Resources in the Digital Age"</a>. <i>College Literature</i>. <b>36</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">18–</span>25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Flit.0.0043">10.1353/lit.0.0043</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20642002">20642002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144317169">144317169</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Humanities+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Digital+Methods+and+Classical+Studies&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Coffee&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Bernstein%2C+Neil+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalhumanities.org%3A8081%2Fdhq%2Fvol%2F10%2F2%2F000253%2F000253.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svensson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Svensson_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSvensson2016" class="citation book cs1">Svensson, Patrik (2016). "Introducing the Digital Humanities". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv65sx0t.5"><i>Big Digital Humanities</i></a>. University of Michigan Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv65sx0t.5">10.2307/j.ctv65sx0t.5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472053063" title="Special:BookSources/9780472053063"><bdi>9780472053063</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv65sx0t.5">j.ctv65sx0t.5</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introducing+the+Digital+Humanities&rft.btitle=Big+Digital+Humanities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv65sx0t.5%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv65sx0t.5&rft.isbn=9780472053063&rft.aulast=Svensson&rft.aufirst=Patrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv65sx0t.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digital_Humanities_Companion-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Humanities_Companion_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Humanities_Companion_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_Humanities_Companion_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchriebmanSiemensUnsworth" class="citation web cs1">Schriebman, Susan; Siemens, Ray; Unsworth, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/">"A Companion to Digital Humanities"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Digital+Humanities&rft.aulast=Schriebman&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Siemens%2C+Ray&rft.au=Unsworth%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcompanions.digitalhumanities.org%2FDH%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xie-Matusiak-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xie-Matusiak_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xie-Matusiak_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xie-Matusiak_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXieMatusiak2016" class="citation book cs1">Xie, Iris; Matusiak, Krystyna K. 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YouTube<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scaife+Viewer&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2018-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dv4oymmVqTnc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Babeu-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Babeu_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBabeu2019" class="citation book cs1">Babeu, Alison (5 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QQ2rDwAAQBAJ"><i>Digital Classical Philology</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Classical+Philology&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.isbn=9783110596991&rft.aulast=Babeu&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQQ2rDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perseus_Youtube-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perseus_Youtube_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perseus_Youtube_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perseus_Youtube_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Make the Brain Happy (3 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfUDdKLc_Gc"><i>Perseus Digital Library</i></a> (Video). 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalhumanities.org:8081/dhq/vol/10/2/000245/000245.html">"The Leipzig Open Fragmentary Texts Series (LOFTS)"</a>. <i>Digital Humanities Quarterly</i>. <b>10</b> (2)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+Humanities+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Leipzig+Open+Fragmentary+Texts+Series+%28LOFTS%29&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Berti&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft.au=Almas%2C+Bridget&rft.au=Crane%2C+Gregory+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalhumanities.org%3A8081%2Fdhq%2Fvol%2F10%2F2%2F000245%2F000245.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rydberg-Cox_Libraries_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRydberg-Cox2005" class="citation book cs1">Rydberg-Cox, Jeffrey (30 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5AekAgAAQBAJ"><i>Digital Libraries and the Challenges of Digital Humanities</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calico+Journal&rft.atitle=Tools+for+Students+in+the+Perseus+Digital+Library&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E269-%3C%2Fspan%3E282&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fcj.v18i2.269-282&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24147054%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24147054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tei-c.org/">"TEI: Text Encoding Initiative"</a>. <i>tei-c.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tei-c.org&rft.atitle=TEI%3A+Text+Encoding+Initiative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftei-c.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rydberg-Cox_Acquisition-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rydberg-Cox_Acquisition_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRydberg-Cox2000" class="citation journal cs1">Rydberg-Cox, Jeffrey (1 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/15.2.121">"Co-occurrence patterns and lexical acquisition in ancient Greek texts"</a>. <i>Literary and Linguistic Computing</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">121–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fllc%2F15.2.121">10.1093/llc/15.2.121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Literary+and+Linguistic+Computing&rft.atitle=Co-occurrence+patterns+and+lexical+acquisition+in+ancient+Greek+texts&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fllc%2F15.2.121&rft.aulast=Rydberg-Cox&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fllc%2F15.2.121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beaulieu_named_Editor-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beaulieu_named_Editor_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCerrato" class="citation web cs1">Cerrato, Lisa M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.tufts.edu/perseusupdates/2013/01/02/marie-claire-beaulieu-named-associate-editor-of-the-perseus-digital-library/">"Marie-Claire Beaulieu Named Associate Editor of the Perseus Digital Library"</a>. <i>Perseus Digital Library Updates</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Perseus+Digital+Library+Updates&rft.atitle=Marie-Claire+Beaulieu+Named+Associate+Editor+of+the+Perseus+Digital+Library&rft.aulast=Cerrato&rft.aufirst=Lisa+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.tufts.edu%2Fperseusupdates%2F2013%2F01%2F02%2Fmarie-claire-beaulieu-named-associate-editor-of-the-perseus-digital-library%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerseus+Digital+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perseus_Digital_Library&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span 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