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id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> View source </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Srbija" and "Republic of Serbia" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Serbia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Serbia (disambiguation)">Serbia (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srbija_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Srbija (disambiguation)">Srbija (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_republic_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Serbian republic (disambiguation)">Serbian republic</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Sorbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbia">Sorbia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style>Serbia,<a href="#cite_note-11">[c]</a> officially the Republic of Serbia,<a href="#cite_note-12">[d]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a> at the crossroads of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[10]</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Plain</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> to the southwest. Serbia claims a border with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">disputed</a> territory of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>. Serbia has about 6.6 million inhabitants, excluding Kosovo. Its capital <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Serbia" title="List of cities in Serbia">largest city</a>. <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Serbia</div><div class="ib-country-names">Република Србија, Republika Srbija (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Serbia"><img alt="Flag of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Serbia" title="Flag of Serbia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Serbia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="917"></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia" title="Coat of arms of Serbia"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: Боже правде <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEe_pravde" title="Bože pravde">Bože pravde</a> (English: "God of Justice")<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="104" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Serbia,_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/National_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=sr-el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Latn" label="srpski (latinica) ‪(sr-el)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Serbia%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.wav&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Serbia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Serbia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Serbia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Serbia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Serbia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Serbia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Serbia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541"></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Europe-Serbia_(2006%E2%80%932008).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Europe-Serbia_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg/250px-Europe-Serbia_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Europe-Serbia_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg/375px-Europe-Serbia_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Europe-Serbia_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg/500px-Europe-Serbia_%282006%E2%80%932008%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720"></a>Show map of Europe</div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Serbia (green) and the claimed but uncontrolled territory of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> (light green) in Europe (dark grey)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Serbia&params=44_48_N_20_28_E_type:city">44°48′N 20°28′E / 44.800°N 20.467°E / 44.800; 20.467</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2022; excluding <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>84.4% <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a></li><li>2.6% <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Serbia" title="Hungarians in Serbia">Hungarians</a></li><li>2.2% <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Serbia" title="Bosniaks of Serbia">Bosniaks</a></li><li>1.2% <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Serbia" title="Romani people in Serbia">Roma</a></li><li>9.6% other / unanswered<a href="#cite_note-popis-2">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2022; excluding <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>86.6% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Serbia" title="Christianity in Serbia">Christianity</a> <ul><li>81.1% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Serbia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Serbia">Serbian Orthodoxy</a></li> <li>3.9% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Serbia" title="Catholic Church in Serbia">Catholicism</a></li> <li>1.6% other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space;">4.2% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Serbia" title="Islam in Serbia">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space;">1.1% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space;">8.0% other / unanswered<a href="#cite_note-popis-2">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic" title="Unitary parliamentary republic">Unitary parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Miloš Vučević</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Serbia" title="President of the National Assembly of Serbia">President of the National Assembly</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ana_Brnabi%C4%87" title="Ana Brnabić">Ana Brnabić</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">Establishment history</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">780</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1217</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1346</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman conquest</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1459–1804</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1804–1835</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Independence recognized</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 July 1878</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 March 1882</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 December 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">27 April 1992</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence restored </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 June 2006</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">88,499 km2 (34,170 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-journal2023-3">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">111th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Excluding Kosovo</div></th><td class="infobox-data">77,612 km2 (29,966 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-cia_profile-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• January 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346"> 6,605,168 (excluding Kosovo)<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">108th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346"> 6,647,003 (excluding Kosovo)<a href="#cite_note-Census_2022-6">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">107th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">85/km2 (220.1/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">130th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $191.561 billion<a href="#cite_note-data1-7">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.RS-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">78th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $29,038<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.RS-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">67th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $82.550 billion<a href="#cite_note-data1-7">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.RS-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">80th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> $12,513<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.RS-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">75th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 31.7<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0.805<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-10">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">65th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dinar" title="Serbian dinar">Serbian dinar</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">RSD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Serbia" title="Telephone numbers in Serbia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Serbia" title="Telephone numbers in Serbia">+381</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:RS" title="ISO 3166-2:RS">RS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.rs" title=".rs">.rs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B1" title=".срб">.срб</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Continuously inhabited since the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> Age, the territory of modern-day Serbia faced <a href="/wiki/Slavs#Migrations" title="Slavs">Slavic migrations</a> in the 6th century. Several regional <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">states</a> were founded in the early Middle Ages and were at times recognised as tributaries to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)#Royal_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931699)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Hungarian</a> kingdoms. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Serbian Kingdom</a> obtained recognition by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 1217, reaching its territorial apex in 1346 as the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a>. By the mid-16th century, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> annexed the entirety of modern-day Serbia; their rule was <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">at times interrupted</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Empire</a>, which began expanding towards <a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a> from the end of the 17th century while maintaining a foothold in <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>. In the early 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">nation-state</a> as the region's first <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, which subsequently <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia#Balkan_Wars_and_expansion" title="Kingdom of Serbia">expanded its territory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a> In 1918, in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> united with the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina</a>; later in the same year it joined with other South Slavic nations in the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, which existed in various political formations until the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> of the 1990s. During the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, Serbia formed a <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">union with Montenegro</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SCGSuccession-16">[12]</a> which was <a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">peacefully dissolved</a> in 2006, restoring Serbia's independence as a sovereign state.<a href="#cite_note-EBRD_Country_Promotion_Programme-17">[13]</a> In 2008, representatives of the Assembly of Kosovo unilaterally <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">declared independence</a>, with mixed responses from the international community while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo_and_Metohija" title="Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija">own sovereign territory</a>. Serbia is an <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Serbia" title="Economy of Serbia">upper-middle income economy</a> and provides <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Serbia" title="Healthcare in Serbia">universal health care</a> and free <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">primary and secondary education</a> to its citizens. It is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">constitutional republic</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">CoE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">PfP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">BSEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">CEFTA</a>, and is acceding to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">WTO</a>. Since 2014, the country has been negotiating <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">its EU accession</a>, with the possibility of joining the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a> Serbia formally adheres to the policy of military <a href="/wiki/Neutral_country" title="Neutral country">neutrality</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Prehistory_and_antiquity">2.1 Prehistory and antiquity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Middle_Ages">2.2 Middle Ages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Ottoman_and_Habsburg_rule">2.3 Ottoman and Habsburg rule</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Revolution_and_independence">2.4 Revolution and independence</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Balkan_Wars_and_World_War_I">2.5 Balkan Wars and World War I</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia">2.6 Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#World_War_II">2.7 World War II</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Socialist_Yugoslavia">2.8 Socialist Yugoslavia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Breakup_of_Yugoslavia_and_political_transition">2.9 Breakup of Yugoslavia and political transition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Contemporary_period">2.10 Contemporary period</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Climate">3.1 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Hydrology">3.2 Hydrology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Environment">3.3 Environment</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Politics">4 Politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Law_and_criminal_justice">4.1 Law and criminal justice</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Foreign_relations">4.2 Foreign relations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Military">4.3 Military</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Administrative_divisions">4.4 Administrative divisions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Demographics">5 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Religion">5.1 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Language">5.2 Language</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Healthcare">5.3 Healthcare</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Economy">6 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Agriculture">6.1 Agriculture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Industry">6.2 Industry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Energy">6.3 Energy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Transport">6.4 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Telecommunications">6.5 Telecommunications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Tourism">6.6 Tourism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Education_and_science">7 Education and science</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Culture">8 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Art_and_architecture">8.1 Art and architecture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Literature">8.2 Literature</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Music">8.3 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Theatre_and_cinema">8.4 Theatre and cinema</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Media">8.5 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Cuisine">8.6 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Sports">8.7 Sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Notes">10 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#References">11 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Citations">11.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Sources">11.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Serbs_and_Serbia" title="Names of the Serbs and Serbia">Names of the Serbs and Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Serbs" title="Origin hypotheses of the Serbs">Origin hypotheses of the Serbs</a></div> The origin of the name Serbia is unclear. Historically, authors have mentioned the <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: Srbi / Срби) and the <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a> of Eastern Germany (<a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a>: Serbja; <a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a>: Serby) in a variety of ways: Cervetiis (Servetiis), gentis (S)urbiorum, Suurbi, Sorabi, Soraborum, Sorabos, Surpe, Sorabici, Sorabiet, Sarbin, Swrbjn, Servians, Sorbi, Sirbia, Sribia, Zirbia, Zribia, Suurbelant, Surbia, Serbulia / Sorbulia among others.<a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-%C5%81uczy%C5%84ski-20">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schuster-21">[17]</a> These authors used these names to refer to Serbs and Sorbs in areas where their historical and current presence is not disputable (notably in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lusatia" title="Lusatia">Lusatia</a>). However, there are also sources that have used similar names in other parts of the world (most notably in the Asiatic <a href="/wiki/Sarmatia" title="Sarmatia">Sarmatia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>). There exist two prevailing theories about the origin of the ethnonym *Sŕbъ (plur. *Sŕby), one from a <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic language</a> with an appellative meaning of a "family kinship" and "alliance", while another from an <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Iranian-Sarmatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">language</a> with various meanings.<a href="#cite_note-%C5%81uczy%C5%84ski-20">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rudnicki1959-22">[18]</a> In his work, <a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus">Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus</a> suggests that the Serbs originated from <a href="/wiki/White_Serbia" title="White Serbia">White Serbia</a> near <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>. From 1815 to 1882, the official name for Serbia was the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a>. From 1882 to 1918, it was renamed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a>, later from 1945 to 1963, the official name for Serbia was the People's Republic of Serbia. This was again renamed the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Socialist Republic of Serbia</a> from 1963 to 1990. Since 1990, the official name of the country has been the Republic of Serbia. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of Serbia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Serbian_history" title="Timeline of Serbian history">Timeline of Serbian history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_antiquity">Prehistory and antiquity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Prehistoric sites in Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Serbia in the Roman era">Serbia in the Roman era</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg/130px-Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 130px;height: 208px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg/130px-Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg" data-width="130" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg/195px-Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg/260px-Vinca_clay_figure_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča culture</a> figurine, 4000–4500 BC</figcaption></figure> Archaeological evidence of <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> settlements on the territory of present-day Serbia is scarce. A fragment of a hominid jaw found in <a href="/wiki/Si%C4%87evo" title="Sićevo">Sićevo</a> (Mala <a href="/wiki/Balanica" title="Balanica">Balanica</a>) is believed to be up to 525,000–397,000 years old.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoksandic2011186%E2%80%93196-23">[19]</a> Approximately 6,500 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_culture" title="Vinča culture">Vinča</a> cultures existed in the region of modern-day Belgrade. They dominated much of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a> as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Several important archaeological sites from this era, including <a href="/wiki/Lepenski_Vir" title="Lepenski Vir">Lepenski Vir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da-Belo_Brdo" title="Vinča-Belo Brdo">Vinča-Belo Brdo</a>, still exist near the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1981-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESrejovi%C4%871988-25">[21]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, local tribes of <a href="/wiki/Triballi" title="Triballi">Triballi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Autariatae" title="Autariatae">Autariatae</a> were encountered by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greeks</a> during their cultural and political expansion into the region, from the 5th up to the 2nd century BC. The Celtic tribe of <a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a> settled throughout the area in the 3rd century BC. It formed a tribal state, building several fortifications, including their capital at <a href="/wiki/Singidunum" title="Singidunum">Singidunum</a> (present-day Belgrade) and Naissos (present-day <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> conquered much of the territory in the 2nd century BC. In 167 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a> was established; the remainder was conquered around 75 BC, forming the Roman province of <a href="/wiki/Moesia#History" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a>; the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Srem_District" title="Srem District">Srem</a> region was conquered in 9 BC; and Bačka and Banat in 106 AD after the <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Dacian_Wars" title="Trajan's Dacian Wars">Dacian Wars</a>. As a result of this, contemporary Serbia extends fully or partially over several former Roman provinces, including <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. Seventeen Roman Emperors were born in the area of modern-day Serbia, second only to contemporary Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuzmanovi%C4%87Mihajlovi%C4%872015416%E2%80%93432-26">[22]</a> The most famous of these was <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>, the first Christian Emperor, who issued an edict ordering <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Milan" title="Edict of Milan">religious tolerance throughout the Empire</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_(by_Pudelek)_7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG/220px-Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2928" data-file-height="2011"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG/220px-Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG/330px-Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG/440px-Gamzigrad_-_Felix_Romuliana_%28by_Pudelek%29_7.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Felix Romuliana Imperial Palace</a>, 298 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>, a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>; Some historians believe as many as 18 <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a> were born in modern-day Serbia<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> When the Roman Empire was divided in 395, most of Serbia remained under the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, and its northwestern parts were included in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>. By the 6th century, <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> migrated into the Byzantine territory in large numbers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky195684-29">[25]</a> They merged with the local <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanised</a> population that was gradually assimilated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStip%C4%8Devi%C4%87197776-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199138,_41-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2005533-32">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sorbs_(tribe)" title="Sorbs (tribe)">Sorbs (tribe)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbia in the Middle Ages</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png/220px-Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1658" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png/220px-Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png/330px-Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png/440px-Stephan_Dusan_Coronation_Paja_Jovanovic.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Coronation of the tsar <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a>, known as Dušan the Mighty, in Skopje, as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_Serbs" title="Emperor of the Serbs">Emperor of Serbs and Greeks</a> in 1346</figcaption></figure> White Serbs, an <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">early Slavic</a> tribe from White Serbia eventually settled in an area between the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> river and the <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199152%E2%80%9353-33">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvi%C4%8719959-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200411-35">[31]</a> By the beginning of the 9th century, Serbia achieved a level of statehood.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-36">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Slavs" title="Christianization of the Slavs">Christianization</a> of Serbia was a gradual process, finalized by the middle of the 9th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200415%E2%80%9317-37">[33]</a> In the mid-10th-century, the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Serbian state</a> experienced a fall. During the 11th and 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Serbian state</a> frequently fought with the neighbouring Byzantine Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200423%E2%80%9324-38">[34]</a> Between 1166 and 1371, Serbia was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty" title="Nemanjić dynasty">Nemanjić dynasty</a>, under whom the state was elevated to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">a kingdom</a> in 1217,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200438-39">[35]</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">empire</a> in 1346,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200464-40">[36]</a> under <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> was organized as an <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autocephalous</a> archbishopric in 1219,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200428-41">[37]</a> through the effort of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava" title="Saint Sava">Sava</a>, the country's patron saint, and in 1346 it was raised to the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87" title="Serbian Patriarchate of Peć">Patriarchate</a>. Monuments of the Nemanjić period survive in many <a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_Orthodox_monasteries" title="List of Serbian Orthodox monasteries">monasteries</a> (several being <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Serbia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Serbia">World Heritage sites</a>) and <a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications_in_Serbia" title="List of fortifications in Serbia">fortifications</a>. During these centuries the Serbian state (and influence) expanded significantly. The northern part (modern <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>), was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>. The period after 1371, known as the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall of the Serbian Empire</a> saw the once-powerful state fragmented into several principalities, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> (1389) against the rising <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200484%E2%80%9385-42">[38]</a> By the end of the 14th century, the Turks had conquered and ruled the territories south of the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar_Mountains" title="Šar Mountains">Šar Mountains</a>. The political center of Serbia shifted northwards, when the capital of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a> was transferred to Belgrade in 1403,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200489-43">[39]</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a> in 1430.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%87200490-44">[40]</a> The Despotate was then under the double vassalage of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004101-45">[41]</a> The fall of Smederevo on 20 June 1459, which marked the full conquest of the Serbian Despotate by the Ottomans, also symbolically signified the end of the Serbian state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004108-46">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_and_Habsburg_rule">Ottoman and Habsburg rule</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Migrations_of_the_Serbs" title="Great Migrations of the Serbs">Great Migrations of the Serbs</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Kosovo,_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87,_1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Kosovo%2C_Adam_Stefanovi%C4%87%2C_1870.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> (1389) is particularly important to Serbian history, tradition and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_national_identity" title="Serbian national identity">national identity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a></figcaption></figure> In all Serbian lands conquered by the Ottomans, the native nobility was eliminated and the peasantry was <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">enserfed</a> to Ottoman rulers, while much of the clergy fled or were confined to the isolated monasteries. Under the Ottoman system, Serbs and Christians were considered an <a href="/wiki/Rayah" title="Rayah">inferior class</a> and subjected to heavy taxes, and a portion of the Serbian population experienced <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a>. Many Serbs were recruited during the <a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">devshirme</a> system, a <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Slavery in the Ottoman Empire">form of slavery</a>, in which boys from Balkan Christian families were <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">forcibly converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and trained for infantry units of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman army</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Janissaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Janissaries">Janissaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA_%CC%81gostonMasters2010383-48">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith2001251-49">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodriguez19976-50">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia201162-51">[47]</a> The Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was extinguished in 1463,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004134-52">[48]</a> but reestablished in 1557,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004135%E2%80%93136-53">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoti%C4%872008519%E2%80%93520-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESotirovi%C4%872011143%E2%80%93169-55">[51]</a> providing for limited continuation of Serbian cultural traditions within the Ottoman Empire, under the <a href="/wiki/Millet_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Millet system">Millet system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1968204-56">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2011115-57">[53]</a> After the loss of statehood to the Ottoman Empire, Serbian resistance continued in northern regions (modern Vojvodina), under titular despots (until 1537), and popular leaders like <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a> (1526–1527). From 1521 to 1552, Ottomans conquered Belgrade and regions of Syrmia, Bačka, and Banat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004115,_119-58">[54]</a> Wars and rebellions constantly challenged Ottoman rule. One of the most significant was the <a href="/wiki/Banat_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Banat Uprising">Banat Uprising</a> in 1594 and 1595, which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Long_War_(Ottoman_wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War (Ottoman wars)">Long War</a> (1593–1606) between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004141%E2%80%93142-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESotirovi%C4%872011163%E2%80%93164-60">[56]</a> The area of modern Vojvodina endured a century-long Ottoman occupation before being ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, partially by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Karlovci" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Karlovci">Treaty of Karlovci</a> (1699),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPe%C5%A1alj201029%E2%80%9342-61">[57]</a> and fully by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Po%C5%BEarevac" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Požarevac">Treaty of Požarevac</a> (1718).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004151-62">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbmigra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Serbmigra.jpg/220px-Serbmigra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9047" data-file-height="5854"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Serbmigra.jpg/220px-Serbmigra.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Serbmigra.jpg/330px-Serbmigra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Serbmigra.jpg/440px-Serbmigra.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Migration_of_the_Serbs_(painting)" title="Migration of the Serbs (painting)">Migration of the Serbs</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Paja_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Paja Jovanović">Paja Jovanović</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1896), depicting the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migrations_of_the_Serbs" title="Great Migrations of the Serbs">Great Migration of 1690</a>, led by the patriarch <a href="/wiki/Arsenije_III_Crnojevi%C4%87" title="Arsenije III Crnojević">Arsenije III Crnojević</a></figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Habsburg-Ottoman war (1683–1699)</a>, much of Serbia switched from Ottoman rule to <a href="/wiki/Habsburg-occupied_Serbia_(1686%E2%80%9391)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–91)">Habsburg control</a> from 1688 to 1690.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004143-63">[59]</a> However, the Ottoman army reconquered a large part of Serbia in the winter of 1689/1690, leading to a brutal massacre of the civilian population by uncontrolled <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatar</a> units. As a result of the persecutions, several tens of thousands of Serbs, led by the patriarch, <a href="/wiki/Arsenije_III_Crnojevi%C4%87" title="Arsenije III Crnojević">Arsenije III Crnojević</a>, fled northwards to settle in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Hungary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKati%C4%872012140-64">[60]</a> an event known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migrations_of_the_Serbs" title="Great Migrations of the Serbs">Great Migration of 1690</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004146%E2%80%93147-65">[61]</a> In August 1690, following several petitions, the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a> formally granted Serbs from the Habsburg monarchy a first set of "privileges",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004143%E2%80%93144-66">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETodorovi%C4%8720067%E2%80%938-67">[63]</a> primarily to guarantee them freedom of religion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004144-68">[64]</a> As a consequence, the ecclesiastical centre of the Serbs also moved northwards, to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Karlovci" title="Metropolitanate of Karlovci">Metropolitanate of Karlovci</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004150-69">[65]</a> and the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć was once-again abolished by the Ottomans in 1766.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelavich1983a94-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004177-71">[67]</a> In 1718–39, the Habsburg monarchy occupied much of <a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%9339)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–39)">Kingdom of Serbia</a> as <a href="/wiki/Crownland" class="mw-redirect" title="Crownland">crownland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004151-62">[58]</a> Those gains were lost by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Belgrade" title="Treaty of Belgrade">Treaty of Belgrade</a> in 1739, when the Ottomans retook the region.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004176-72">[68]</a> Apart from territory of modern-day Vojvodina which remained under the Habsburg Empire, central regions of Serbia were occupied once again by the Habsburgs in <a href="/wiki/Habsburg-occupied_Serbia_(1788%E2%80%9392)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1788–92)">1788–1792</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolution_and_independence">Revolution and independence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg/220px-Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg/220px-Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg/330px-Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg/440px-Osvajanje_Beograda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđe Petrović">Karađorđe Petrović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Obrenovi%C4%87_I_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Miloš Obrenović I of Serbia">Miloš Obrenović</a>, marked the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">modern Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> for independence from the Ottoman Empire lasted eleven years, from 1804 until 1815.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelavich1983a193%E2%80%93204-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200229%E2%80%9332-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadosavljevi%C4%872010171%E2%80%93178-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERaji%C4%872010143%E2%80%93148-77">[73]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a> (1804–1813), led by vožd <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e_Petrovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđe Petrović">Karađorđe Petrović</a>, Serbia was independent for almost a decade before the Ottoman army was able to reoccupy the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004179%E2%80%93183-78">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Serbian_Uprising" title="Second Serbian Uprising">Second Serbian Uprising</a> began in 1815, led by <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Obrenovi%C4%87" title="Miloš Obrenović">Miloš Obrenović</a>; it ended with a compromise between Serbian revolutionaries and Ottoman authorities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004190%E2%80%93196-79">[75]</a> Serbia was one of the first nations in the Balkans to abolish <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004191-80">[76]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Akkerman_Convention" title="Akkerman Convention">Akkerman Convention</a> in 1826, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1829)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1829)">Treaty of Adrianople</a> in 1829 and finally, the <a href="/wiki/Hatt-i_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatt-i Sharif">Hatt-i Sharif</a>, recognised the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of Serbia. The <a href="/wiki/Sretenje_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Sretenje Constitution">First Serbian Constitution</a> was adopted on 15 February 1835, making the country one of the first to adopt a democratic constitution in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStavrianos2000248%E2%80%93250-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004195-82">[78]</a> 15 February is now commemorated as <a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Serbia)" title="Statehood Day (Serbia)">Statehood Day</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Serbia" title="Public holidays in Serbia">public holiday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> Following the clashes between the Ottoman army and Serbs in Belgrade in 1862,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004214%E2%80%93215-84">[80]</a> and under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Powers">Great Powers</a>, by 1867 the last Turkish soldiers left the Principality, making the country de facto independent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJelavich1983a246-85">[81]</a> By enacting a new constitution in 1869,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200258-86">[82]</a> without consulting the Porte, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Ristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovan Ristic">Serbian diplomats</a> confirmed the de facto independence of the country. In 1876, Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire, siding with the ongoing Christian uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_(1875-1878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1875-1878)">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Uprising_of_1876" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Uprising of 1876">Bulgaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200263%E2%80%9364-87">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004224-88">[84]</a> The formal independence of the country was internationally recognised at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> in 1878, which ended the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War</a>; this treaty, however, prohibited Serbia from uniting with other Serbian regions by placing Bosnia and Herzegovina under <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> occupation, alongside the occupation of the region of <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004225-89">[85]</a> From 1815 to 1903, the principality was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Obrenovi%C4%87" title="House of Obrenović">House of Obrenović</a>, save for the rule of Prince <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87,_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia">Aleksandar Karađorđević</a> between 1842 and 1858. In 1882, Principality of Serbia became the Kingdom of Serbia, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Milan_I_of_Serbia" title="Milan I of Serbia">King Milan I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200270-90">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87" title="House of Karađorđević">House of Karađorđević</a>, descendants of the revolutionary leader Karađorđe Petrović, assumed power in 1903 following the <a href="/wiki/May_Overthrow" class="mw-redirect" title="May Overthrow">May Overthrow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200273-91">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Habsburg_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas">1848 revolution in Austria</a> led to the establishment of the autonomous territory of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" title="Serbian Vojvodina">Serbian Vojvodina</a>; by 1849, the region was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004203-92">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balkan_Wars_and_World_War_I">Balkan Wars and World War I</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Campaign_of_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Campaign of World War I">Serbian Campaign of World War I</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Peter_I_after_coronation,_21_September_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg/220px-King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="653"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg/220px-King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg/330px-King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg/440px-King_Peter_I_after_coronation%2C_21_September_1904.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Serbia" title="Peter I of Serbia">Peter I of Serbia</a> led the nation during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Serbian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Retreat (Serbian)">Great Serbian Retreat</a> in 1915. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a> lost about 850,000 people, a quarter of its pre-war population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudetic199228-93">[89]</a></figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> in 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a> defeated the Ottoman Empire and captured its <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London,_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of London, 1913">European territories</a>, which enabled territorial expansion of the Kingdom of Serbia into regions of Raška, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo (region)">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija">Metohija</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vardarian_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vardarian Macedonia">Vardarian Macedonia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> soon ensued when Bulgaria turned on its former allies, but was defeated, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1913)">Treaty of Bucharest</a>. In two years, Serbia enlarged its territory by 80% and its population by 50%,<a href="#cite_note-Collection_of_Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum_1914-94">[90]</a> it also suffered high casualties on the eve of World War I, with more than 36,000 dead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall2000135-95">[91]</a> Austria-Hungary became wary of the rising regional power on its borders and its potential to become an anchor for unification of Serbs and other South Slavs, and the relationship between the two countries became tense. The <a href="/wiki/Assassination_in_Sarajevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination in Sarajevo">assassination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria</a> on 28 June 1914 in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Bosnia" title="Young Bosnia">Young Bosnia</a> organisation, led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia, on 28 July 1914, setting off World War I.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004246%E2%80%93247-96">[92]</a> Serbia won the first major battles of the war, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovi%C4%87200769-97">[93]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovi%C4%872007104-98">[94]</a> Despite initial success, it was eventually overpowered by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in 1915 and <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a> followed. Most of its army and some people <a href="/wiki/Serbian_army%27s_retreat_through_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian army's retreat through Albania">retreated</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>, suffering immense losses on the way. After the Central Powers' military situation on other fronts worsened, the remains of the Serb army returned east and led a final breakthrough through enemy lines on 15 September 1918, liberating Serbia and defeating Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004250%E2%80%93251-99">[95]</a> Serbia, with its <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Campaign (World War I)">campaign</a>, was a major Balkan Entente Power<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> which contributed significantly to the Allied victory in the Balkans in November 1918, especially by helping France force Bulgaria's <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_(surrender)" title="Capitulation (surrender)">capitulation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Serbia's casualties accounted for 8% of the total Entente military deaths; 58% (243,600) soldiers of the Serbian army perished in the war.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> The total number of casualties is placed around 700,000,<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> more than 16% of Serbia's prewar size,<a href="#cite_note-The_Balkan_Wars_and_World_War_I-104">[100]</a> and a majority (57%) of its overall male population.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> Serbia suffered <a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">the biggest casualty rate in World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Corfu_Declaration" title="Corfu Declaration">Corfu Declaration</a> was a formal agreement between the government-in-exile of the Kingdom of Serbia and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Committee" title="Yugoslav Committee">Yugoslav Committee</a> (anti-Habsburg South Slav émigrés) that pledged to unify Kingdom of Serbia and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Kingdom of Montenegro</a> with Austria-Hungary's South Slav autonomous crown lands: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, Vojvodina (then part of the Kingdom of Hungary) and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> in a post-war Yugoslav state. It was signed on 20 July 1917 on Corfu. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg/260px-Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1101"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg/260px-Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg/390px-Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg/520px-Velika-narodna-skupstina-1918.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_People%27s_Assembly_of_Serbs,_Bunjevci_and_other_Slavs_in_Banat,_Ba%C4%8Dka_and_Baranja" title="Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja">Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja</a>, the Serbian Crown Lands in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, (today's Vojvodina) declared unification with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> on 25 November 1918.</figcaption></figure> As the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed, the territory of Syrmia united with Serbia on 24 November 1918.<a href="#cite_note-Collection_of_Cooper_Hewitt,_Smithsonian_Design_Museum_1914-94">[90]</a> Just a day later, the <a href="/wiki/Great_People%27s_Assembly_of_Serbs,_Bunjevci_and_other_Slavs_in_Banat,_Ba%C4%8Dka_and_Baranja" title="Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja">Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja</a> declared the unification of these regions (<a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_County_(former)" title="Baranya County (former)">Baranja</a>) with Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> On 26 November 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Podgorica_Assembly" title="Podgorica Assembly">Podgorica Assembly</a> deposed the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Petrović-Njegoš">House of Petrović-Njegoš</a> and united Montenegro with Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> On 1 December 1918, in Belgrade, Serbian Prince Regent <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">Alexander Karađorđević</a> proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Serbs,_Croats,_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes">Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes</a>, under King <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Serbia" title="Peter I of Serbia">Peter I of Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch2002108%E2%80%93109-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%86irkovi%C4%872004251%E2%80%93252-112">[108]</a> King Peter was succeeded by his son, Alexander, in August 1921. Serb centralists and Croat autonomists clashed in the parliament, and most governments were fragile and short-lived. <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Pa%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Nikola Pašić">Nikola Pašić</a>, a conservative prime minister, headed or dominated most governments until his death. King Alexander established a <a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> in 1929 with the aim of establishing the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslav ideology</a> and single <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslav nation</a>, changed the name of the country to Yugoslavia. The effect of Alexander's dictatorship was to further alienate the non-Serbs living in Yugoslavia from the idea of unity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStavrianos2000624-113">[109]</a> Alexander was assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, during an official visit in 1934 by <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Chernozemski" title="Vlado Chernozemski">Vlado Chernozemski</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization" title="Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization">IMRO</a>. Alexander was succeeded by his eleven-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a>. In August 1939 the <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a> established an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banate of Croatia">Banate of Croatia</a> as a solution to Croatian concerns. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Serbia" title="The Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia">The Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a></div> In 1941, in spite of Yugoslav attempts to remain neutral, the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> invaded Yugoslavia. The territory of modern Serbia was divided between Hungary, Bulgaria, the Independent State of Croatia, Greater Albania and Montenegro, while the remainder was placed under the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">military administration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbian puppet governments</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Milan_A%C4%87imovi%C4%87" title="Milan Aćimović">Milan Aćimović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87" title="Milan Nedić">Milan Nedić</a> assisted by <a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Ljotić">Dimitrije Ljotić</a>'s fascist organization <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Movement" title="Yugoslav National Movement">Yugoslav National Movement</a> (Zbor). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5_2012-09-09_15-07-54.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A monument commemorating the victims of the Nazi German established <a href="/wiki/Sajmi%C5%A1te_concentration_camp" title="Sajmište concentration camp">Sajmište concentration camp</a>, a part of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_German-occupied_Serbia" title="The Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia">the Holocaust in German-occupied Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></figcaption></figure> The Yugoslav territory was the scene of a civil war between <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">royalist Chetniks</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Partisans_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisans (Yugoslavia)">communist partisans</a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>. Axis auxiliary units of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_State_Guard" title="Serbian State Guard">Serbian State Guard</a> fought against both of these forces. The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kraljevo" title="Siege of Kraljevo">siege of Kraljevo</a> was a major battle of the <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">uprising in Serbia</a>, led by Chetnik forces against the Nazis. Several days after the battle began the German forces committed a massacre of approximately 2,000 civilians in an event known as the <a href="/wiki/Kraljevo_massacre" title="Kraljevo massacre">Kraljevo massacre</a>, in a reprisal for the attack. <a href="/wiki/Loznica" title="Loznica">Draginac and Loznica massacre</a> of 2,950 villagers in Western Serbia in 1941 was the first large execution of civilians in occupied Serbia by <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Germans</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac_massacre" title="Kragujevac massacre">Kragujevac massacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Novi Sad Raid">Novi Sad Raid</a> of Jews and Serbs by Hungarian fascists being the most notorious, with over 3,000 victims in each case.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200862-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> After one year of occupation, around 16,000 <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Jews">Serbian Jews</a> were murdered in the area, or around 90% of its pre-war Jewish population during <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Holocaust in Serbia">The Holocaust in Serbia</a>. Many concentration camps were established across the area. <a href="/wiki/Banjica_concentration_camp" title="Banjica concentration camp">Banjica concentration camp</a> was the largest concentration camp and jointly run by the German army and Nedić's regime,<a href="#cite_note-Israeli2013-116">[112]</a> with primary victims being Serbian Jews, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a>, and Serb political prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-JewishHeritage-117">[113]</a> Hundreds of thousands of ethnic Serbs fled the Axis <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> and sought refuge in German-occupied Serbia, seeking to escape the large-scale persecution and <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a>, Jews, and Roma being committed by the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> regime.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> The number of Serb victims was approximately 300,000 to 350,000.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> According to Tito himself, Serbs made up the vast majority of <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a> fighters and <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> for the whole course of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">Republic of Užice</a> was a short-lived liberated territory established by the Partisans and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organised as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in the west of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_under_German_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbia under German occupation">occupied Serbia</a>. By late 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a> swung in favour of the partisans in the civil war; the partisans subsequently gained control of Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> Following the Belgrade Offensive, the <a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a> was the last major military action of World War II in Serbia. A study by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Žerjavić">Vladimir Žerjavić</a> estimates total <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">war-related deaths</a> in Yugoslavia at 1,027,000, including 273,000 in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socialist_Yugoslavia">Socialist Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45">Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg/220px-Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="658"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg/220px-Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg/330px-Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg/440px-Konferencija_Pokreta_nesvrstanih_1961._godine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The principle of non-alignment was the core of Yugoslav and later Serbian diplomacy. The First <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> Summit Conference took place in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in September 1961.</figcaption></figure> The victory of the Communist Partisans resulted in the abolition of the monarchy and a subsequent constitutional referendum. A <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a> was soon established in Yugoslavia by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a>. It is claimed between 60,000 and 70,000 people died in Serbia during the <a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45">1944–45 communist purge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> Serbia became a constituent republic within the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">People's Republic of Serbia</a>, and had a republic-branch of the federal communist party, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="League of Communists of Serbia">League of Communists of Serbia</a>. Serbia's most powerful and influential politician in Tito-era Yugoslavia was <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Rankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Ranković">Aleksandar Ranković</a>, one of the "big four" Yugoslav leaders. Ranković was later removed from the office because of the disagreements regarding Kosovo's <a href="/wiki/Nomenklatura" title="Nomenklatura">nomenklatura</a> and the unity of Serbia. Ranković's dismissal was highly unpopular among Serbs. Pro-decentralisation reformers in Yugoslavia succeeded in the late 1960s in attaining substantial decentralisation of powers, creating substantial autonomy in Kosovo and Vojvodina, and recognising a distinctive "<a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnicity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims (ethnicity)">Muslim</a>" nationality. As a result of these reforms, there was a massive overhaul of Kosovo's nomenklatura and police, that shifted from being Serb-dominated to ethnic Albanian-dominated through firing Serbs on a large scale. Further concessions were made to the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo in response to unrest, including the creation of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pristina_(1969%E2%80%931999)" title="University of Pristina (1969–1999)">University of Pristina</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a> institution. These changes created widespread fear among Serbs of being treated as <a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">second-class citizens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> Belgrade, the capital of FPR Yugoslavia and PR Serbia, hosted the first <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> Summit in September 1961, as well as the first major gathering of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE) with the aim of implementing the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a> from October 1977 to March 1978.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak" title="1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak">1972 smallpox outbreak</a> in SAP Kosovo and other parts of SR Serbia was the last major outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> since World War II.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia_and_political_transition">Breakup of Yugoslavia and political transition</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Independent_Serbia_(2006%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Serbia">History of Serbia § Independent Serbia (2006–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevan_Kragujevic,_Slobodan_Milosevic,_portret_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2431" data-file-height="3215"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 238px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Slobodan_Milosevic%2C_portret_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> was a prominent political figure in the former Yugoslavia. His leadership was controversial, with critics stating his government continued to be authoritarian despite constitutional changes.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia,_1992.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png/220px-Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="1242"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png/220px-Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png/330px-Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png/440px-Map_of_war_in_Yugoslavia%2C_1992.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> and territories of Serb breakaway states <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska_Krajina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika Srpska Krajina">Republika Srpska Krajina</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav wars">Yugoslav wars</a></figcaption></figure>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> rose to power in Serbia. Milošević promised a reduction of powers for the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, where his allies subsequently took over power, during the <a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> This ignited tensions between the communist leadership of the other republics of Yugoslavia and awoke ethnic nationalism across Yugoslavia that eventually resulted in its <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Macedonia</a> declaring independence during 1991 and 1992.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Serbia and Montenegro remained together as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (FRY).<a href="#cite_note-SCGSuccession-16">[12]</a> However, according to the <a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Badinter Commission</a>, the country was not legally considered a continuation of the former SFRY, but a new state. Fueled by ethnic tensions, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991–2001) erupted, with the most severe conflicts taking place in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnia</a>, where the large ethnic Serb communities opposed independence from Yugoslavia. The FRY remained outside the conflicts, but provided logistic, military and financial support to Serb forces in the wars. In response, the UN imposed <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Yugoslavia">sanctions against Yugoslavia</a> which led to political isolation and the collapse of the economy (GDP decreased from $24 billion in 1990 to under $10 billion in 1993). Serbia was in the 2000s sued on the charges of alleged genocide by neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_case" title="Bosnian genocide case">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Serbia_genocide_case" title="Croatia–Serbia genocide case">Croatia</a> but in both cases the main charges against Serbia were dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg/220px-Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg/220px-Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg/330px-Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg/440px-Kosovo-metohija-koreni-duse029.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Serbian and other <a href="/wiki/Refugee_children" title="Refugee children">refugee children</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a>. The war ended with <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing</a> which remains a <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">controversial topic</a>.</figcaption></figure> Multi-party democracy was introduced in Serbia in 1990, officially dismantling the one-party system. Despite constitutional changes, Milošević maintained strong political influence over the state media and security apparatus.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> When the ruling <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Party of Serbia">Socialist Party of Serbia</a> refused to accept its defeat in <a href="/wiki/1996_Serbian_local_elections" title="1996 Serbian local elections">municipal elections in 1996</a>, Serbians engaged in <a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%931997_protests_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="1996–1997 protests in Serbia">large protests</a> against the government. In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Kosovo_(1995%E2%80%9398)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Kosovo (1995–98)">continued clashes</a> between the Albanian guerilla <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Liberation_Army" title="Kosovo Liberation Army">Kosovo Liberation Army</a> and Yugoslav security forces led to the short <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a> (1998–99), in which <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> intervened, leading to the withdrawal of Serbian forces and the establishment of <a href="/wiki/UNMIK" class="mw-redirect" title="UNMIK">UN administration</a> in the province.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> After the Yugoslav Wars, Serbia became home to highest number of <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> After <a href="/wiki/2000_Yugoslavian_general_election" title="2000 Yugoslavian general election">presidential elections</a> in September 2000, opposition parties accused Milošević of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> A campaign of <a href="/wiki/Civil_resistance" title="Civil resistance">civil resistance</a> followed, led by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Opposition_of_Serbia" title="Democratic Opposition of Serbia">Democratic Opposition of Serbia</a> (DOS), a broad coalition of anti-Milošević parties. This culminated on 5 October when half a million people from all over the country congregated in Belgrade, compelling Milošević to concede defeat.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">fall of Milošević</a> ended Yugoslavia's <a href="/wiki/International_isolation" title="International isolation">international isolation</a>. Milošević was sent to the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a>. The DOS announced that FR Yugoslavia would seek to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. In 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2005529%E2%80%93581-143">[139]</a> the EU opened negotiations with the country for the <a href="/wiki/Stabilization_and_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilization and Association Agreement">Stabilisation and Association Agreement</a>. Serbia's political climate remained tense and in 2003, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87" title="Zoran Đinđić">Zoran Đinđić</a> was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87" title="Assassination of Zoran Đinđić">assassinated</a> as result of a plot originating from organised crime and former security officials. In <a href="/wiki/2004_unrest_in_Kosovo" title="2004 unrest in Kosovo">2004 unrest in Kosovo</a> took place, leaving 19 people dead and a number of Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries destroyed or damaged.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_period">Contemporary period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Republic_of_Serbia_(2006%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Serbia">History of Serbia § Republic of Serbia (2006–present)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Serbia" title="Human rights in Serbia">Human rights in Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87,_Davos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg/180px-Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1991" data-file-height="2560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 231px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg/180px-Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg/270px-Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg/360px-Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87%2C_Davos.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zoran_%C4%90in%C4%91i%C4%87" title="Zoran Đinđić">Zoran Đinđić</a> played a key role in the <a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">revolution</a> against the controversial regime of <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> and later became the first democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">PM</a>.</figcaption></figure> On 21 May 2006, Montenegro held a <a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">referendum</a> which showed 55.4% of voters in favour of independence, just above the 55% required by the referendum. This was followed on 5 June 2006 by Serbia's declaration of independence, marking the re-emergence of Serbia as an independent state. The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Serbia">National Assembly of Serbia</a> declared Serbia to be the legal successor to the former state union.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> The Assembly of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008. Serbia immediately condemned the declaration and continues to deny any statehood to Kosovo. The declaration has sparked varied responses from the international community.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Sun-147">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade-Pristina_negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade-Pristina negotiations">Status-neutral talks</a> between Serbia and Kosovo-Albanian authorities are held in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, mediated by the EU. Serbia officially applied for membership in the European Union on 22 December 2009,<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> and received candidate status on 1 March 2012, following a delay in December 2011.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-149">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> Following a positive recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> in June 2013, negotiations to join the EU commenced in January 2014.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> In 2012 <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Progressive_Party" title="Serbian Progressive Party">Serbian Progressive Party</a> came to power.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> According to a number of international analysts, Serbia has suffered from <a href="/wiki/Democratic_backsliding" title="Democratic backsliding">democratic backsliding</a> into <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Freedom_House_2019-154">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> followed by a decline in <a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Serbia" title="Media freedom in Serbia">media freedom</a> and civil liberties.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> spread <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">to Serbia</a> in March 2020, a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> was declared and a <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a> was introduced for the first time in Serbia since World War II.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> In April 2022, President Aleksandar Vučić was <a href="/wiki/2022_Serbian_general_election" title="2022 Serbian general election">re-elected</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> In December 2023, President Vučić won a snap <a href="/wiki/2023_Serbian_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Serbian parliamentary election">parliamentary election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> The election resulted in protests, with opposition supporters claiming that the election result was fraudulent.<a href="#cite_note-Delauney_2023_l846-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hajdari_2023_z525-163">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Press_2023_n745-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balkan_Insight_2023_w684-165">[161]</a> On 16 January 2022, a <a href="/wiki/2022_Serbian_constitutional_referendum" title="2022 Serbian constitutional referendum">Serbian constitutional referendum</a> took place in which citizens chose to amend the Constitution concerning the judiciary. The changes were presented as a step toward reducing political influence in the judicial system.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> The country was chosen to host international <a href="/wiki/Specialised_exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialised exposition">specialised exposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Expo_2027" title="Expo 2027">Expo 2027</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> The Serbian government is working with <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(corporation)" title="Rio Tinto (corporation)">Rio Tinto</a> corporation on a project which aims to develop Europe's biggest <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a> mine.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> Mining lithium became a matter of debate in the society and several protests against mining took place.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Geography of Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbien_topo.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Serbien_topo.png/310px-Serbien_topo.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 284px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Serbien_topo.png/310px-Serbien_topo.png" data-width="310" data-height="284" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Serbien_topo.png/465px-Serbien_topo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Serbien_topo.png/620px-Serbien_topo.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Topographic map of Serbia<a href="#cite_note-data2-172">[e]</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg/200px-Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg/200px-Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg/300px-Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg/400px-Pejzaz_ribnickog_jezera.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">View of <a href="/wiki/Ribnica_Lake" title="Ribnica Lake">Ribnica Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zlatibor" title="Zlatibor">Zlatibor</a> mountain; there are 165 mountains in the country<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg/200px-Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="624"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 125px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg/200px-Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg/300px-Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg/400px-Ba%C4%8Dka.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a> region; northern part of the country is defined by its mostly flat and fertile terrain.</div></div></div></div></div> A <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a> situated at the crossroads between Central<a href="#cite_note-Serbia:_On_the_Way_to_EU_Accession-174">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> and Southeastern Europe, Serbia is located in the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan peninsula">Balkan peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Plain">Pannonian Plain</a>. Serbia lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/41st_parallel_north" title="41st parallel north">41°</a> and <a href="/wiki/47th_parallel_north" title="47th parallel north">47° N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/18th_meridian_east" title="18th meridian east">18°</a> and <a href="/wiki/23rd_meridian_east" title="23rd meridian east">23° E</a>. The country covers a total of 88,499 km2 (34,170 sq mi);<a href="#cite_note-data2-172">[e]</a> with Kosovo excluded, the total area is 77,474 km2 (29,913 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-cia_profile-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-journal2023-3">[2]</a> Its total border length amounts to 2,027 km (1,260 mi): Albania 115 km (71 mi), Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km (188 mi), Bulgaria 318 km (198 mi), Croatia 241 km (150 mi), Hungary 151 km (94 mi), North Macedonia 221 km (137 mi), Montenegro 203 km (126 mi) and Romania 476 km (296 mi).<a href="#cite_note-cia_profile-4">[3]</a> All of Kosovo's border with Albania (115 km (71 mi)), North Macedonia (159 km (99 mi)) and Montenegro (79 km (49 mi))<a href="#cite_note-cia_kosovo-176">[171]</a> are under control of the Kosovo border police.<a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> Serbia treats the 352 km (219 mi) border with Kosovo as an "administrative line"; it is under shared control of Kosovo border police and Serbian police forces.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Plain</a> covers the northern third of the country (Vojvodina and <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva" title="Mačva">Mačva</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a>) while the easternmost tip of Serbia extends into the <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Plain" title="Wallachian Plain">Wallachian Plain</a>. The terrain of the central part of the country consists chiefly of hills traversed by rivers. Mountains dominate the southern third of Serbia. Dinaric Alps stretch in the west and the southwest, following the flow of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibar_(river)" title="Ibar (river)">Ibar</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a> stretch in a north–south direction in eastern Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a> Ancient mountains in the southeast corner of the country belong to the <a href="/wiki/Rhodopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodopes">Rilo-Rhodope Mountain</a> system. Elevation ranges from the <a href="/wiki/Mid%C5%BEor" title="Midžor">Midžor</a> peak of the Balkan Mountains at 2,169 metres (7,116 feet) (the highest peak in Serbia, excluding Kosovo) to the lowest point of just 17 metres (56 feet) near the Danube river at <a href="/wiki/Prahovo" title="Prahovo">Prahovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> The largest lake is <a href="/wiki/%C4%90erdap_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Đerdap Lake">Đerdap Lake</a> (163 square kilometres (63 sq mi)) and the longest river passing through Serbia is the Danube (587.35 kilometres (364.96 mi)). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Serbia" title="Climate of Serbia">Climate of Serbia</a></div> The climate of Serbia is under the influences of the landmass of Eurasia and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. With mean January temperatures around 0 °C (32 °F), and mean July temperatures of 22 °C (72 °F), it can be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">warm-humid continental</a> or <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> In the north, the climate is more continental, with cold winters, and hot, humid summers along with well-distributed rainfall patterns. In the south, summers and autumns are drier, and winters are relatively cold, with heavy inland snowfall in the mountains. Differences in elevation, proximity to the Adriatic Sea and large river basins, as well as exposure to the winds account for climate variations.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> Southern Serbia is subject to Mediterranean influences.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> The Dinaric Alps and other mountain ranges contribute to the cooling of most of the warm air masses. Winters are quite harsh in the <a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%A1ter" title="Pešter">Pešter</a> plateau, because of the mountains which encircle it.<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a> One of the climatic features of Serbia is <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ava_(wind)" title="Košava (wind)">Košava</a>, a cold and very <a href="/wiki/Squall" title="Squall">squally</a> southeastern wind which starts in the Carpathian Mountains and follows the Danube northwest through the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Danube)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gate</a> where it gains a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_jet" title="Mountain jet">jet effect</a> and continues to <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and can spread as far south as Niš.<a href="#cite_note-AMS-186">[181]</a> The average annual air temperature for the period 1961–1990 for the area with an elevation of up to 300 m (984 ft) is 10.9 °C (51.6 °F). The areas with an elevation of 300 to 500 m (984 to 1,640 ft) have an average annual temperature of around 10.0 °C (50.0 °F), and over 1,000 m (3,281 ft) of elevation around 6.0 °C (42.8 °F).<a href="#cite_note-RHMZ-187">[182]</a> The lowest recorded temperature in Serbia was −39.5 °C (−39.1 °F) on 13 January 1985, <a href="/wiki/Karajuki%C4%87a_Bunari" title="Karajukića Bunari">Karajukića Bunari</a> in Pešter, and the highest was 44.9 °C (112.8 °F), on 24 July 2007, recorded in <a href="/wiki/Smederevska_Palanka" title="Smederevska Palanka">Smederevska Palanka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> Serbia is one of few European countries with very high risk of natural hazards (earthquakes, storms, floods, droughts).<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> It is estimated that potential floods, particularly in areas of Central Serbia, threaten over 500 larger settlements and an area of 16,000 square kilometres.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a> The most disastrous were the <a href="/wiki/2014_Southeast_Europe_floods" title="2014 Southeast Europe floods">floods in May 2014</a>, when 57 people died and a damage of over 1.5 billion euros was inflicted.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrology">Hydrology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Serbia" title="List of rivers of Serbia">List of rivers of Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Serbia" title="List of lakes of Serbia">List of lakes of Serbia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Meandri_Uvca,_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg/200px-Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg/200px-Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg/300px-Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg/400px-Meandri_Uvca%2C_vidikovac_Veliki_vrh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Uvac_Special_Nature_Reserve" title="Uvac Special Nature Reserve">Uvac Special Nature Reserve</a> is one of the last remaining habitats of the <a href="/wiki/Griffon_vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffon vulture">griffon vulture</a> in Europe<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg/200px-Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2750" data-file-height="1833"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg/200px-Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg/300px-Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg/400px-Tara_Vidikovac_Banjska_Stena_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Picea_omorika" title="Picea omorika">Picea omorika</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">coniferous tree</a> <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tara_(mountain)" title="Tara (mountain)">Tara National Park</a> in western Serbia</div></div></div></div></div> Almost all of Serbia's rivers drain to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, by way of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river. The Danube, the second largest European river, passes through Serbia with 588 kilometres<a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> (21% of its overall length) and represents the major source of fresh water.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[190]</a> It is joined by its biggest tributaries, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Morava" title="Great Morava">Great Morava</a> (longest river entirely in Serbia with 493 km (306 mi) of length<a href="#cite_note-196">[191]</a>), Sava and <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> rivers.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> One notable exception is the <a href="/wiki/P%C4%8Dinja_(river)" title="Pčinja (river)">Pčinja</a> which flows into the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a>. Drina river forms the natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, and represents the main <a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">kayaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafting" title="Rafting">rafting</a> attraction in both countries. Due to configuration of the terrain, natural lakes are sparse and small; most of them are located in the lowlands of Vojvodina, like the aeolian lake <a href="/wiki/Pali%C4%87_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Palić lake">Palić</a> or numerous <a href="/wiki/Oxbow_lake" title="Oxbow lake">oxbow lakes</a> along river flows (like <a href="/wiki/Zasavica_(river)" title="Zasavica (river)">Zasavica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carska_Bara" title="Carska Bara">Carska Bara</a>). However, there are numerous <a href="/wiki/Artificial_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial lake">artificial lakes</a>, mostly due to hydroelectric dams, the biggest being Đerdap (Iron Gates) on the Danube with 163 km2 (63 sq mi) on the Serbian side<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> (a total area of 253 km2 (98 sq mi) is shared with Romania); <a href="/wiki/Peru%C4%87ac" title="Perućac">Perućac</a> on the Drina, and <a href="/wiki/Vlasina_Lake" title="Vlasina Lake">Vlasina</a>. The largest waterfall, <a href="/wiki/Jelovarnik" title="Jelovarnik">Jelovarnik</a>, located in Kopaonik, is 71 m high.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> Abundance of relatively unpolluted surface waters and numerous underground natural and mineral water sources of high <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">water quality</a> presents a chance for export and economy improvement; however, more extensive exploitation and production of bottled water began only recently.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_natural_resources_in_Serbia" title="List of protected natural resources in Serbia">List of protected natural resources in Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Serbia" title="Environmental issues in Serbia">Environmental issues in Serbia</a></div> Serbia is a country of rich ecosystem and species diversity—covering only 1.9% of the whole European territory, Serbia is home to 39% of European vascular flora, 51% of European fish fauna, 40% of European reptiles and amphibian fauna, 74% of European bird fauna, and 67% European mammal fauna.<a href="#cite_note-iucn.org-200">[195]</a> Its abundance of mountains and rivers make it an ideal environment for a variety of animals, many of which are protected including wolves, lynx, bears, foxes, and stags. There are 17 snake species living all over the country; 8 of them are venomous.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> Mountain of <a href="/wiki/Tara_(mountain)" title="Tara (mountain)">Tara</a> in western Serbia is one of the last regions in Europe where bears can still live in absolute freedom.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Serbia is home to about 380 species of birds. In Carska Bara, there are over 300 bird species on just a few square kilometres.<a href="#cite_note-203">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uvac" title="Uvac">Uvac Gorge</a> is considered one of the last habitats of the <a href="/wiki/Griffon_vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffon vulture">Griffon vulture</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> In area around the city of <a href="/wiki/Kikinda" title="Kikinda">Kikinda</a>, in the northernmost part of the country, some 145 endangered <a href="/wiki/Long-eared_owl" title="Long-eared owl">long-eared owls</a> are noted, making it the world's biggest settlement of these species.<a href="#cite_note-205">[200]</a> The country is considerably rich with threatened species of bats and butterflies as well.<a href="#cite_note-206">[201]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stara_planina14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stara_planina14.jpg/220px-Stara_planina14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3602" data-file-height="2401"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stara_planina14.jpg/220px-Stara_planina14.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stara_planina14.jpg/330px-Stara_planina14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Stara_planina14.jpg/440px-Stara_planina14.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wild_horses" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild horses">Wild horses</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Stara Planina</a></figcaption></figure> There are 380 <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_natural_resources_in_Serbia" title="List of protected natural resources in Serbia">protected areas of Serbia</a>, encompassing 4,947 square kilometres or 6.4% of the country.<a href="#cite_note-iucn.org-200">[195]</a> Those protected areas include 5 national parks (<a href="/wiki/%C4%90erdap_National_Park" title="Đerdap National Park">Đerdap</a>, Tara, <a href="/wiki/Kopaonik" title="Kopaonik">Kopaonik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fru%C5%A1ka_Gora" title="Fruška Gora">Fruška Gora</a> and Šar Mountain), 15 <a href="/wiki/Nature_park" title="Nature park">nature parks</a>, 15 "landscapes of outstanding features", 61 nature reserves, and 281 natural monuments.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> With 29.1% of its territory covered by forest, Serbia is considered to be a middle-forested country, compared on a global scale to world forest coverage at 30%, and European average of 35%. The total forest area in Serbia is 2,252,000 ha (1,194,000 ha or 53% are state-owned, and 1,058,387 ha or 47% are privately owned) or 0.3 ha per inhabitant.<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> It had a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 5.29/10, ranking it 105th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-208">[203]</a> The most common trees are oak, beech, pines, and firs. Air pollution is a significant problem in <a href="/wiki/Bor,_Serbia" title="Bor, Serbia">Bor</a> area, due to work of large copper mining and smelting complex, and <a href="/wiki/Pan%C4%8Devo" title="Pančevo">Pančevo</a> where oil and <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry" title="Petrochemical industry">petrochemical industry</a> is based.<a href="#cite_note-209">[204]</a> Some cities suffer from water supply problems, due to mismanagement and low investments in the past, as well as water pollution (like the pollution of the <a href="/wiki/Ibar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibar River">Ibar River</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Trep%C4%8Da_Mines" title="Trepča Mines">Trepča</a> <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>-lead combinate,<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> affecting the city of <a href="/wiki/Kraljevo" title="Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a>, or the presence of natural <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> in underground waters in <a href="/wiki/Zrenjanin" title="Zrenjanin">Zrenjanin</a>).<a href="#cite_note-211">[206]</a> Poor waste management has been identified as one of the most important environmental problems in Serbia and the <a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a> is a fledgling activity, with only 15% of its waste being turned back for reuse.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">1999 NATO bombing</a> caused serious damage to the environment, with several thousand tonnes of toxic chemicals stored in targeted factories and refineries released into the soil and water basins.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics of Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg/500px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4614" data-file-height="1940"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 500px;height: 210px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg/500px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg" data-width="500" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg/750px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg/1000px-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia</a></figcaption></figure> Serbia is a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a>, with the government divided into legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. The current constitution was adopted in 2006 in the aftermath of the Montenegro independence referendum.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Serbia" title="Constitutional Court of Serbia">Constitutional Court</a> rules on matters regarding the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Serbia" title="Constitution of Serbia">Constitution</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President of the Republic</a> (Predsednik Republike) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, is elected by popular vote to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms. In addition to being the <a href="/wiki/Commander_in_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander in chief">commander in chief</a> of the armed forces, the president has the procedural duty of appointing the prime minister with the consent of the parliament, and has some influence on foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-President-215">[210]</a> Aleksandar Vučić of the Serbian Progressive Party is the current president following the 2017 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> Seat of the presidency is <a href="/wiki/Andri%C4%87ev_Venac" title="Andrićev Venac">Novi Dvor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[212]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kompleks_Banovine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kompleks_Banovine.jpg/220px-Kompleks_Banovine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4090" data-file-height="2221"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 119px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kompleks_Banovine.jpg/220px-Kompleks_Banovine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kompleks_Banovine.jpg/330px-Kompleks_Banovine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kompleks_Banovine.jpg/440px-Kompleks_Banovine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Banovina_Palace" title="Banovina Palace">Banovina Palace</a> complex, seat of the provincial government and the assembly of <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a> province </figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Serbia" title="Government of Serbia">Government</a> (Vlada) is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">prime minister</a> and cabinet ministers. The Government is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies. The current prime minister is <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Miloš Vučević</a>, nominated by the Serbian Progressive Party.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Serbia">National Assembly</a> (Narodna skupština) is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> legislative body. The National Assembly has the power to enact laws, approve the budget, schedule presidential elections, select and dismiss the Prime Minister and other ministers, declare war, and ratify international treaties and agreements.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> It is composed of 250 <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportionally</a> elected members who serve four-year terms. Following the <a href="/wiki/2020_Serbian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Serbian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a>, the largest political parties in the National Assembly are the populist Serbian Progressive Party and Socialist Party of Serbia, that with its partners, hold more than a <a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a> number of seats.<a href="#cite_note-220">[215]</a> In 2021, Serbia was the 5th country in Europe by the number of women holding high-ranking public functions.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_criminal_justice">Law and criminal justice</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Serbia" title="Law of Serbia">Law of Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Serbia" title="Crime in Serbia">Crime in Serbia</a></div> Serbia has a three-tiered judicial system, made up of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Serbia)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a> as the court of the last resort, <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal">Courts of Appeal</a> as the appellate instance, and Basic and High courts as the general jurisdictions at first instance.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> Courts of special jurisdictions are the Administrative Court, commercial courts (including the Commercial Court of Appeal at second instance) and misdemeanor courts (including <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor_Appellate_Court" title="Misdemeanor Appellate Court">High Misdemeanor Court</a> at second instance).<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> The judiciary is overseen by the Ministry of Justice. Serbia has a typical <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> legal system. Law enforcement is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Police_of_Serbia" title="Police of Serbia">Serbian Police</a>, which is subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior. Serbian Police fields 27,363 uniformed officers.<a href="#cite_note-225">[220]</a> National security and counterintelligence are the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Security_Intelligence_Agency" title="Security Intelligence Agency">Security Intelligence Agency (BIA)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Foreign relations of Serbia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Accession of Serbia to the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Political status of Kosovo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg/260px-CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg/260px-CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg.png" data-width="260" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg/390px-CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg/520px-CountriesRecognizingKosovo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Kosovo</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> States which recognize Kosovo as an independent country</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> States that do not recognize Kosovo as an independent country</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> States that recognized Kosovo and later withdrew that recognition</div></figcaption></figure> Serbia has established diplomatic relations with 191 <a href="/wiki/UN_member_states" class="mw-redirect" title="UN member states">UN member states</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> and the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-DList-228">[223]</a> Foreign relations are conducted through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia has a network of 74 embassies and 25 consulates internationally.<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> There are 69 <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Serbia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Serbia">foreign embassies</a>, 5 consulates and 4 liaison offices in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> Serbian foreign policy is focused on achieving the strategic goal of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member state of the European Union</a> (EU). Serbia officially applied for membership in the European Union on 22 December 2009.<a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a> It received a full <a href="/wiki/European_Union_candidates" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union candidates">candidate status</a> on 1 March 2012 and started <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of the EU">accession talks</a> on 21 January 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Council_of_the_EU-233">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=edit">[update]</a>, the European Commission considered accession possible by 2025.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> On 17 February 2008, Kosovo unilaterally <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">declared independence</a> from Serbia. In protest, Serbia initially recalled its ambassadors from countries that recognised Kosovo's independence.<a href="#cite_note-236">[231]</a> The resolution of 26 December 2007 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a> stated that both the Kosovo declaration of independence and recognition thereof by any state would be gross violation of international law.<a href="#cite_note-237">[232]</a> Serbia began cooperation and dialogue with NATO in 2006, when the country joined the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> programme and the <a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a>. The country's military neutrality was formally proclaimed by a resolution adopted by Serbia's parliament in December 2007, which makes joining any military alliance contingent on a popular referendum,<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a> a stance acknowledged by NATO.<a href="#cite_note-natorelations-240">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a> On the other hand, Serbia's relations with Russia are habitually described by mass media as a "centuries-old religious, ethnic and political alliance"<a href="#cite_note-243">[238]</a> and Russia is said to have sought to solidify <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Russia–Serbia relations">its relations with Serbia</a> since the imposition of <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis">sanctions against Russia</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Serbia drew international scrutiny for not joining <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">EU sanctions against Russia</a> and maintaining bilateral relations, citing its own past suffering with sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-Bieber2023-245">[240]</a> It is one of the only countries in Europe not to sanction Russia.<a href="#cite_note-AP_NEWS_2023-246">[241]</a> However, Serbia voted to condemn the invasion, supporting the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">United Nations draft resolution</a> demanding Russia to withdraw its military forces from Ukraine, as well as supporting the suspension of Russia from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bieber2023-245">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mojsilovi%C4%87_2022-247">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Serbian Armed Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Serbia" title="Military history of Serbia">Military history of Serbia</a></div> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px #ddd solid;"> <caption>Branches of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Serbian Armed Forces</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg/184px-Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3312" data-file-height="2160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 184px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg/184px-Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg" data-width="184" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg/276px-Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg/368px-Sloboda_2019_-_smotra_02_-_17.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Special forces brigade <a href="/wiki/4th_Army_Brigade" title="4th Army Brigade">4th Army Brigade</a> </td> <td style="width:120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg/180px-H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg/180px-H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg/270px-H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg/360px-H-145M_YU-ICE_Dan_MUPa_2020_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Serbian Air Force and Air Defence">Serbian Air Force and Air Defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_EC145" title="Eurocopter EC145">Eurocopter EC145</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The Serbian Armed Forces are subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Serbia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Serbia)">Ministry of Defence</a>, and are composed of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Army" title="Serbian Army">Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" title="Serbian Air Force and Air Defence">Air Force</a>. Although a landlocked country, Serbia operates a <a href="/wiki/Serbian_River_Flotilla" title="Serbian River Flotilla">River Flotilla</a> which patrols on the Danube, Sava and Tisa rivers. The Serbian <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the General Staff (Serbia)">Chief of the General Staff</a> reports to the Defence Minister. The Chief of Staff is appointed by the president, who is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>.<a href="#cite_note-President-215">[210]</a> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=edit">[update]</a>, Serbian defence budget amounts to $804 million.<a href="#cite_note-248">[243]</a> Traditionally having relied on a large number of <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscripts</a>, Serbian Armed Forces went through a period of downsizing, restructuring and <a href="/wiki/Professionalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Professionalisation">professionalisation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> was abolished in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-249">[244]</a> Serbian Armed Forces have 28,000 active troops,<a href="#cite_note-250">[245]</a> supplemented by the "active reserve" which numbers 20,000 members and "passive reserve" with about 170,000.<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[247]</a> The country participates in the NATO <a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a> programme,<a href="#cite_note-natorelations-240">[235]</a> but has no intention of joining NATO, due to significant popular rejection, largely a legacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-253">[248]</a> It is an observer member of the <a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective Security Treaty Organisation">Collective Security Treaty Organisation</a> (CSTO) as of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> The country also signed the <a href="/wiki/Stability_Pact_for_South_Eastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe">Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe</a>. The Serbian Armed Forces take part in several multinational peacekeeping missions, including deployments in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a> Serbia is a major producer and exporter of military equipment in the region. Defence exports totaled around $600 million in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> The defence industry has seen significant growth over the years and it continues to grow on a yearly basis.<a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> In 2024 the Serbian president approved the reintroduction of mandatory military service, which was abolished in 2011. If the Government adopts this decision, military service will last 75 days, starting with 2025.<a href="#cite_note-259">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Serbia" title="Administrative divisions of Serbia">Administrative divisions of Serbia</a></div> Serbia is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> composed of <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Serbia">municipalities</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Serbia" title="List of cities in Serbia">cities</a>, districts, and two autonomous provinces. In Serbia, excluding Kosovo, there are 145 municipalities (opštine) and 29 cities (gradovi), which form the basic units of local self-government.<a href="#cite_note-zakon-261">[256]</a> Apart from municipalities/cities, there are 24 <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Serbia">districts</a> (okruzi, 10 most populated listed below), with the City of Belgrade constituting an additional district. Except for Belgrade, which has an elected local government, districts are regional centres of state authority, but have no powers of their own; they present purely administrative divisions.<a href="#cite_note-zakon-261">[256]</a> The Constitution of Serbia recognizes two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina in the north, and the <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">disputed</a> territory of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo_and_Metohija" title="Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija">Kosovo and Metohija</a> in the south,<a href="#cite_note-zakon-261">[256]</a> while the remaining area of Central Serbia has never had its own regional authority. Following the Kosovo War, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">UN peacekeepers</a> entered Kosovo and Metohija, as per <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_1244" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council Resolution 1244">UNSC Resolution 1244</a>. The government of Serbia does not recognise Kosovo's February 2008 declaration of independence, considering it illegal and illegitimate.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> <table role="presentation" style="margin:auto;" cellpadding="10"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg/300px-Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="424" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 424px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg/300px-Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="424" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg/450px-Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg/600px-Statistical_regions_of_Serbia_NUTS_2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;font-weight:bold;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 2em;"> <div><ol start="1"><li><a href="/wiki/Bor_District" title="Bor District">Bor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devo_District" title="Braničevo District">Braničevo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zaje%C4%8Dar_District" title="Zaječar District">Zaječar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/West_Ba%C4%8Dka_District" title="West Bačka District">West Bačka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zlatibor_District" title="Zlatibor District">Zlatibor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jablanica_District" title="Jablanica District">Jablanica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Banat_District" title="South Banat District">South Banat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Ba%C4%8Dka_District" title="South Bačka District">South Bačka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kolubara_District" title="Kolubara District">Kolubara</a></li></ol></div> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 2em;"> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_District" title="Kosovo District">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovska_Mitrovica_District_(Serbia)" title="Kosovska Mitrovica District (Serbia)">Kosovska Mitrovica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo-Pomoravlje_District" title="Kosovo-Pomoravlje District">Kosovo-Pomoravlje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_District" title="Mačva District">Mačva</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moravica_District" title="Moravica District">Moravica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1ava_District" title="Nišava District">Nišava</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%87_District_(Serbia)" title="Peć District (Serbia)">Peć</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pirot_District" title="Pirot District">Pirot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Podunavlje_District" title="Podunavlje District">Podunavlje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pomoravlje_District" title="Pomoravlje District">Pomoravlje</a></li></ol></div> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 2em;"> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Prizren_District_(Serbia)" title="Prizren District (Serbia)">Prizren</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%8Dinja_District" title="Pčinja District">Pčinja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rasina_District" title="Rasina District">Rasina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_District" title="Raška District">Raška</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/North_Banat_District" title="North Banat District">North Banat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/North_Ba%C4%8Dka_District" title="North Bačka District">North Bačka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Banat_District" title="Central Banat District">Central Banat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Srem_District" title="Srem District">Srem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toplica_District" title="Toplica District">Toplica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umadija_District" title="Šumadija District">Šumadija</a></li></ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Demographics of Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbians" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbians">Serbians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png/220px-Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2020" data-file-height="2714"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 296px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png/220px-Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png" data-width="220" data-height="296" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png/330px-Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png/440px-Ethnic_structure_of_Serbia_by_municipalities_and_cities_2022.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ethnic structure of Serbia by municipalities and cities in 2022<a href="#cite_note-data2-172">[e]</a></figcaption></figure> As of the 2022 census, Serbia (excluding Kosovo) has a total population of 6,647,003 and the overall <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density">population density</a> is medium as it stands at 85.8 inhabitants per square kilometre.<a href="#cite_note-Census_2022-6">[5]</a> The census was not conducted in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> which held its own census that numbered their total population at 1,586,659. Serbia has been enduring a demographic crisis since the beginning of the 1990s, with a <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> that has continuously exceeded its <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> It is estimated that 500,000 people left Serbia during the 1990s, 20% of whom had a higher education.<a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-survey-266">[261]</a> Serbia has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 43.3 years,<a href="#cite_note-267">[262]</a> and its population is shrinking at one of the fastest rates in the world.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> A fifth of all households consist of only one person, and just one-fourth of four and more persons.<a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> The average <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">life expectancy in Serbia</a> is 76.1 years.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a> During the 1990s, Serbia had the largest refugee population in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-271">[266]</a> <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">Refugees</a> and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Serbia formed between 7% and 7.5% of its population at the time – about half a million refugees sought refuge in the country following the series of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav wars">Yugoslav wars</a>, mainly from Croatia (and to a lesser extent from Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the IDPs from Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-272">[267]</a> Serbs with 5,360,239 are the largest ethnic group in Serbia, representing 81% of the total population (excluding Kosovo). Serbia is one of the European countries with the highest number of registered national minorities, while the province of Vojvodina is recognizable for its <a href="/wiki/Multinational_state" title="Multinational state">multi-ethnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multi-cultural</a> identity.<a href="#cite_note-Gov_on_Slovakia_national_minority-273">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis-274">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-Filep_Politics_of_Good_Neighbourhood_p._71-275">[270]</a> Despite a decline in recent years, with a population of 184,442, <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Serbia" title="Hungarians in Serbia">Hungarians</a> remain the largest ethnic minority in Serbia, concentrated predominantly in northern Vojvodina and representing 2.8% of the country's population (10.5% in Vojvodina). Romani population stands at 131,936 according to the 2022 census but unofficial estimates place their actual number between 400,000 and 500,000.<a href="#cite_note-276">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Serbia" title="Bosniaks of Serbia">Bosniaks</a> with 153,801 and <a href="/wiki/Muslims_(ethnic_group)" title="Muslims (ethnic group)">Muslims by nationality</a> with 13,011 are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Raška (Sandžak)</a>, in the southwest. Other minority groups include <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Serbia" title="Albanians in Serbia">Albanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Serbia" title="Croats of Serbia">Croats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bunjevci" title="Bunjevci">Bunjevci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovaks_in_Serbia" title="Slovaks in Serbia">Slovaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs_in_Serbia" title="Yugoslavs in Serbia">Yugoslavs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins_of_Serbia" title="Montenegrins of Serbia">Montenegrins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Serbia" title="Romanians in Serbia">Romanians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vlachs_of_Serbia" title="Vlachs of Serbia">Vlachs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_in_Serbia" title="Macedonians in Serbia">Macedonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Serbia" title="Bulgarians in Serbia">Bulgarians</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Serbia" title="Chinese people in Serbia">Chinese</a>, estimated at 15,000, are the only significant non-European <a href="/wiki/Immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrant">immigrant</a> minority.<a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> Most recently, tens of thousands of Russians and Ukrainians have immigrated to Serbia following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Invasion of Ukraine">Russian Invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Easternslavemigrants2022-279">[274]</a> As of January 2024, more than 300,000 Russians had emigrated to Serbia since the start of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. About one in 10 have been issued a residence permit, though integration issues have been reported, with Russian immigrants living in a "parallel society".<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a> According to World Happiness Report 2024, Serbia is on 37th rank amount 140 countries.<a href="#cite_note-281">[276]</a> The majority of the population, or 59.4%, reside in urban areas and some 16.1% in Belgrade alone. Belgrade is the only city with more than a million inhabitants and there are four more with over 100,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-282">[277]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Serbia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-282">[277]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Serbia" title="List of cities in Serbia">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Serbia">District</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Serbia" title="List of cities in Serbia">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Serbia">District</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgrade_Waterfront_(%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belgrade"><noscript><img alt="Belgrade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg/120px-Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5280" data-file-height="3956"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg/120px-Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg" data-alt="Belgrade" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg/180px-Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg/240px-Belgrade_Waterfront_%28%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava,_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novi Sad"><noscript><img alt="Novi Sad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg/120px-Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg/120px-Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg" data-alt="Novi Sad" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg/180px-Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg/240px-Petrovaradinska_tvr%C4%91ava%2C_12.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">City of Belgrade</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,197,714</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kraljevo" title="Kraljevo">Kraljevo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_District" title="Raška District">Raška District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,490 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Nis_center.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Niš"><noscript><img alt="Niš" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nis_center.JPG/120px-Nis_center.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="657"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 63px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nis_center.JPG/120px-Nis_center.JPG" data-alt="Niš" data-width="120" data-height="63" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nis_center.JPG/180px-Nis_center.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nis_center.JPG/240px-Nis_center.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> <a href="/wiki/File:View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kragujevac"><noscript><img alt="Kragujevac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg/120px-View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg/120px-View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg" data-alt="Kragujevac" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg/180px-View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg/240px-View_on_the_city_of_Kragujevac.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Ba%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bačka">South Bačka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">306,702</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Podunavlje_District" title="Podunavlje District">Podunavlje District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,261 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1ava_District" title="Nišava District">Nišava District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">260,237</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Leskovac" title="Leskovac">Leskovac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jablanica_District" title="Jablanica District">Jablanica District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">58,338 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umadija_District" title="Šumadija District">Šumadija District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">146,315</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Valjevo" title="Valjevo">Valjevo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kolubara_District" title="Kolubara District">Kolubara District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">56,059 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Subotica" title="Subotica">Subotica</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_Ba%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="North Bačka">North Bačka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">94,228</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vranje" title="Vranje">Vranje</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P%C4%8Dinja_District" title="Pčinja District">Pčinja District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">55,214 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pan%C4%8Devo" title="Pančevo">Pančevo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/South_Banat" class="mw-redirect" title="South Banat">South Banat</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">86,408</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEice" title="Užice">Užice</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zlatibor_District" title="Zlatibor District">Zlatibor District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">54,965 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novi_Pazar" title="Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_District" title="Raška District">Raška District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,462</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEarevac" title="Požarevac">Požarevac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devo_District" title="Braničevo District">Braničevo District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dak" title="Čačak">Čačak</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Moravica_District" title="Moravica District">Moravica District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">69,598</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abac" title="Šabac">Šabac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dva_District" title="Mačva District">Mačva District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Kruševac">Kruševac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rasina_District" title="Rasina District">Rasina District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">68,119</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sombor" title="Sombor">Sombor</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/West_Ba%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bačka">West Bačka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,814 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zrenjanin" title="Zrenjanin">Zrenjanin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Banat" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Banat">Central Banat</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,129</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sremska_Mitrovica" title="Sremska Mitrovica">Sremska Mitrovica</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Srem_District" title="Srem District">Srem District</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">40,144 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion in Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg/220px-Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4743" data-file-height="3735"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg/220px-Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg/330px-Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg/440px-Hram_svetog_save_beograd_0005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Sava" title="Church of Saint Sava">Saint Sava Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Eastern_Orthodox_church_buildings" title="List of largest Eastern Orthodox church buildings">largest Orthodox churches</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-283">[278]</a></figcaption></figure> The Constitution of Serbia defines it as a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a> with guaranteed religious freedom. Orthodox Christians with 6,079,396 comprise 84.5% of country's population. The Serbian Orthodox Church is the largest and traditional church of the country, adherents of which are overwhelmingly Serbs. Other Orthodox Christian communities in Serbia include Montenegrins, Romanians, Vlachs, <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>. In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Serbia">Roman Catholics</a> numbered 356,957 in Serbia, or roughly 6% of the population, mostly in northern Vojvodina which is home to ethnic minority groups such as Hungarians, Croats, and <a href="/wiki/Bunjevci" title="Bunjevci">Bunjevci</a>, as well as to some Slovaks and Czechs.<a href="#cite_note-popis2011.stat.rs-284">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Ruski_Krstur" title="Greek Catholic Eparchy of Ruski Krstur">Greek Catholic Church</a> is adhered by around 25,000 citizens (0.37% of the population), mostly <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyns" title="Pannonian Rusyns">Rusyns</a> in Vojvodina.<a href="#cite_note-285">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> accounts for 0.8% of the country's population,<a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a> chiefly <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> among <a href="/wiki/Slovaks_in_Vojvodina" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovaks in Vojvodina">Slovaks in Vojvodina</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> among <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Reformed Hungarians</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, with 222,282 or 3% of the population, form the third largest religious group. Islam has a strong historic following in the southern regions of Serbia, primarily in southern Raška. <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a> are the largest Islamic community in Serbia, followed by <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>; estimates are that around a third of the country's Roma people are Muslim.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2011, there were only 578 <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Serbia">Jews in Serbia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-287">[282]</a> compared to over 30,000 prior to World War II. <a href="/wiki/Atheists" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheists">Atheists</a> numbered 80,053, or 1.1% of the population, and an additional 4,070 declared themselves to be <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">agnostics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-287">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Languages of Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_alphabets.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Serbian_alphabets.png/220px-Serbian_alphabets.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="406"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 201px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Serbian_alphabets.png/220px-Serbian_alphabets.png" data-width="220" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Serbian_alphabets.png/330px-Serbian_alphabets.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Serbian_alphabets.png/440px-Serbian_alphabets.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The standard <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a> uses both the Cyrillic and the Latin script. Serbian is a rare example of synchronic <a href="/wiki/Digraphia" title="Digraphia">digraphia</a>, a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them.</figcaption></figure> The official language is Serbian, native to 88% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-287">[282]</a> Serbian is the only European language with active <a href="/wiki/Digraphia" title="Digraphia">digraphia</a>, using both <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Latin</a> alphabets. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian Cyrillic</a> is designated in the Constitution as the "official script".<a href="#cite_note-Alexander2006-288">[283]</a> A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of Serbians favour the Latin alphabet, 36% favour the Cyrillic one and 17% have no preference.<a href="#cite_note-289">[284]</a> Standard Serbian is mutually intelligible with recognised minority languages of <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, as all three are based on the most widespread <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> dialect from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Herzegovinian_dialect" title="Eastern Herzegovinian dialect">Eastern Herzegovina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[285]</a> Other recognised minority languages are: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>. All these languages are in official use in municipalities or cities where the ethnic minority exceeds 15% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-291">[286]</a> In Vojvodina, the provincial administration co-officially uses, besides Serbian, five other languages (Slovak, Hungarian, Croatian, Romanian and Rusyn).<a href="#cite_note-292">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Serbia" title="Healthcare in Serbia">Healthcare in Serbia</a></div> The healthcare system in Serbia is organized and managed by the three primary institutions: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Serbia)" title="Ministry of Health (Serbia)">The Ministry of Health</a>, The Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut" and the <a href="/wiki/Military_Medical_Academy_(Serbia)" title="Military Medical Academy (Serbia)">Military Medical Academy</a>. Healthcare protections are defined as a constitutional right in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-293">[288]</a> The Serbian public health system is based on the principles of equity and solidarity, organized on the model of <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care#Compulsory_insurance" title="Universal health care">compulsory health insurance contributions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stosi%C4%87_Karanovi%C4%87-294">[289]</a> Private health care is not integrated into the public health system, but certain services may be included by contracting.<a href="#cite_note-Stosi%C4%87_Karanovi%C4%87-294">[289]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KCS_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KCS_1.jpg/220px-KCS_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KCS_1.jpg/220px-KCS_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KCS_1.jpg/330px-KCS_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/KCS_1.jpg/440px-KCS_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The newly opened wing of the <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Centre_of_Serbia" title="Clinical Centre of Serbia">University Clinical Centre of Serbia</a>, opened in 2022, has 3,150 beds, considered to be the highest number in Europe, and among the highest in the world.</figcaption></figure> The Ministry of Health determines the healthcare policy and adopts standards for the work of the healthcare service. The Ministry is also in charge of the health care system, health insurance, preservation and improvement of health of citizens, health inspection, supervision over the work of the healthcare service and other tasks in the field of health care. The Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut" is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Medical_statistics" title="Medical statistics">medical statistics</a>, epidemiology and hygiene. This central, tertiary institution manages and coordinates a dense network of municipal and regional Centers of Public Health that provide <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a> services at primary and secondary levels.<a href="#cite_note-295">[290]</a> The National Health Insurance Fund finances the functioning of health care at all levels, and also provides and implements the compulsory health insurance.<a href="#cite_note-296">[291]</a> One of the most important health institutions in Serbia is the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade.<a href="#cite_note-297">[292]</a> It takes care of about 30,000 patients a year (military and civilian insured). The academy performs around 30,000 surgical interventions and more than 500,000 specialist examinations.<a href="#cite_note-298">[293]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Centre_of_Serbia" title="Clinical Centre of Serbia">Clinical Centre of Serbia</a> spreads over 34 hectares in Belgrade and consists of about 50 buildings, while also has 3,150 beds considered to be the highest number in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-299">[294]</a> and among <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_by_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hospitals by capacity">highest in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[295]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Other important health institutions include: KBC Dr Dragiša Mišović, Cardiovascular institute Dedinje,<a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a> <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Centre_of_Kragujevac" title="Clinical Centre of Kragujevac">Clinical Centre of Kragujevac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Centre_of_Ni%C5%A1" title="Clinical Centre of Niš">Clinical Centre of Niš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Center_of_Vojvodina" title="Clinical Center of Vojvodina">Clinical Center of Vojvodina</a> and others. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3440"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-NIS-ova_zgrada_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naftna_Industrija_Srbije" title="Naftna Industrija Srbije">NIS</a> multinational <a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_exploration_and_production_companies" title="List of oil exploration and production companies">oil and gas company</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Serbia" title="Economy of Serbia">Economy of Serbia</a></div> Serbia has an emerging <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> in upper-middle income range.<a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, Serbian <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> in 2024 is officially estimated at $81.873 billion or $12,385 per capita while <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> GDP stood at $185.014 billion or $27,985 per capita.<a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a> The economy is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> which accounts for 67.9% of GDP, followed by industry with 26.1% of GDP, and agriculture at 6% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-304">[299]</a> Serbia's arms industry, a legacy of Cold War Yugoslavia, is the leading weapons manufacturer in the Western Balkans and ranked 25th worldwide in arms exports, surpassing $1.6 billion in 2023 and employing 20,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a> The official currency is <a href="/wiki/Serbian_dinar" title="Serbian dinar">Serbian dinar</a>, and the central bank is <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Serbia" title="National Bank of Serbia">National Bank of Serbia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Belgrade Stock Exchange</a> is the only stock exchange in the country, with market capitalisation of $8.65 billion and <a href="/wiki/BELEX15" title="BELEX15">BELEX15</a> as the main index representing the 15 most liquid stocks.<a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a> The country is ranked 52nd on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">Social Progress Index</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a> as well as 54th on the <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a> The economy has been affected by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">global economic crisis</a>. After almost a decade of strong economic growth (average of 4.45% per year), Serbia entered the recession in 2009 with negative growth of −3% and again in 2012 and 2014 with −1% and −1.8%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a> As the government was fighting effects of crisis the public debt has more than doubled: from pre-crisis level of just under 30% to about 70% of GDP and trending downwards recently to around 50%.<a href="#cite_note-310">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a> Labour force stands at 3.2 million, with 56% employed in services sector, 28.1% in industry and 15.9% in the agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-312">[307]</a> The average monthly net salary in May 2019 stood at 47,575 dinars or $525.<a href="#cite_note-313">[308]</a> The unemployment remains an acute problem, with rate of 11% as of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-314">[309]</a> Since 2000, Serbia has attracted over $40 billion in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> (FDI).<a href="#cite_note-315">[310]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_chip_(stock_market)" title="Blue chip (stock market)">Blue-chip</a> corporations making investments include: <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">Fiat Chrysler Automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Morris_International" title="Philip Morris International">Philip Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Group" title="Carlsberg Group">Carlsberg</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-belgrade.usembassy.gov-316">[311]</a> In the energy sector, Russian energy giants, <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a> have made large investments.<a href="#cite_note-economy.gov.ru-317">[312]</a> In metallurgy sector, Chinese steel and copper giants, <a href="/wiki/Hesteel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesteel">Hesteel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zijin_Mining" title="Zijin Mining">Zijin Mining</a> have acquired key complexes.<a href="#cite_note-318">[313]</a> Serbia has an unfavourable trade balance: imports exceed exports by 25%.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Serbia's exports, however, recorded a steady growth in the 2010s reaching $19.2 billion in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a> The country has <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">free trade agreements</a> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">CEFTA</a>, a preferential trade regime with the European Union, a <a href="/wiki/Generalized_System_of_Preferences" title="Generalized System of Preferences">Generalised System of Preferences</a> with the United States, and individual free trade agreements with Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-SIEPA_-_Liberalized_Trade-320">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Serbia" title="Agriculture in Serbia">Agriculture in Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem,_Serbia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg/220px-Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg/220px-Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg/330px-Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg/440px-Raspberries_and_blackberries_from_Srem%2C_Serbia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Serbia is one of the largest providers of frozen fruit to the EU and a big producer of fruits like raspberries, blackberries, apples and plums.<a href="#cite_note-321">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a></figcaption></figure> Serbia has very favourable natural conditions (land and climate) for varied agricultural production. It has 5,056,000 ha of agricultural land (0.7 ha per capita), out of which 3,294,000 ha is arable land (0.45 ha per capita).<a href="#cite_note-pks.rs-323">[318]</a> In 2016, Serbia exported agricultural and food products worth $3.2 billion, and the export-import ratio was 178%.<a href="#cite_note-324">[319]</a> Agricultural exports constitute more than a fifth of all Serbia's sales on the world market. Serbia is one of the largest provider of frozen fruit to the EU (largest to the French market, and 2nd largest to the German market).<a href="#cite_note-siepa.gov.rs-325">[320]</a> Agricultural production is most prominent in Vojvodina on the fertile Pannonian Plain. Other agricultural regions include Mačva, Pomoravlje, <a href="/wiki/Tamnava" title="Tamnava">Tamnava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasina_District" title="Rasina District">Rasina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jablanica_District" title="Jablanica District">Jablanica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-326">[321]</a> In the structure of the agricultural production, 70% is from the crop field production and 30% is from the livestock production.<a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-326">[321]</a> Serbia is world's second largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a> (582,485 tonnes; second to China), second largest of <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a> (89,602 tonnes, second to Poland), it is also a significant producer of maize (6.48 million tonnes, ranked 32nd in the world) and wheat (2.07 million tonnes, ranked 35th in the world).<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[322]</a> Other important agricultural products are: <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a>, potato, apple, pork meat, beef, <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a> and dairy.<a href="#cite_note-Export_Solutions_2014-328">[323]</a> There are 56,000 ha of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">vineyards in Serbia</a>, producing about 230 million litres of wine annually.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-pks.rs-323">[318]</a> The most famous viticulture regions are located in Vojvodina and Šumadija.<a href="#cite_note-329">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Automotive industry in Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg/220px-Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1144" data-file-height="671"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg/220px-Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg/330px-Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg/440px-Fiat_Grande_Panda.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Grande_Panda" title="Fiat Grande Panda">Fiat Grande Panda</a> is manufactured in the <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">FCA</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[325]</a></figcaption></figure> The industry was the economic sector hardest hit by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_757" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 757">UN sanctions and trade embargo</a> and NATO bombing during the 1990s and transition to market economy during the 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-331">[326]</a> The industrial output saw dramatic downsizing: in 2013 it was expected to be only a half of that of 1989.<a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a> Main industrial sectors include: automotive, mining, non-ferrous metals, food-processing, electronics, pharmaceuticals, clothes. Serbia has 14 free economic zones as of September 2017,<a href="#cite_note-srbeconomiczone2017-333">[328]</a> in which many foreign direct investments are realised. The automotive industry is dominated by cluster located in <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a> and its vicinity, and contributes to export with about $2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-334">[329]</a> Country is a leading steel producer in the wider region of Southeast Europe and had production of nearly 2 million tonnes of raw steel in 2018, coming entirely from <a href="/wiki/Hesteel_Serbia" title="Hesteel Serbia">Smederevo steel mill</a>, owned by the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Hesteel_Group" title="Hesteel Group">Hesteel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[330]</a> Serbia's mining industry is comparatively strong: Serbia is the 18th largest producer of coal (7th in Europe) extracted from large deposits in <a href="/wiki/RB_Kolubara" title="RB Kolubara">Kolubara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kostolac_coal_mine" title="Kostolac coal mine">Kostolac</a> basins; it is also world's 23rd largest (3rd in Europe) producer of copper which is extracted by <a href="/wiki/Zijin_Bor_Copper" class="mw-redirect" title="Zijin Bor Copper">Zijin Bor Copper</a>, a large copper mining company, acquired by Chinese Zijin Mining in 2018; significant gold extraction is developed around <a href="/wiki/Majdanpek" title="Majdanpek">Majdanpek</a>. Serbia notably manufactures <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">intel</a> smartphones named Tesla smartphones.<a href="#cite_note-336">[331]</a> Food industry is well known both regionally and internationally and is one of the strong points of the economy.<a href="#cite_note-337">[332]</a> Some of the international brand-names established production in Serbia: <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a> in food-processing sector; Coca-Cola (Belgrade), <a href="/wiki/Heineken" title="Heineken">Heineken</a> (Novi Sad) and Carlsberg (Bačka Palanka) in beverage industry; Nordzucker in sugar industry.<a href="#cite_note-siepa.gov.rs-325">[320]</a> Serbia's electronics industry had its peak in the 1980s and the industry today is only a third of what it was back then, but has witnessed a something of revival in last decade with investments of companies such as Siemens (wind turbines) in Subotica, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> (lighting devices) in Svilajnac, and <a href="/wiki/Gorenje" title="Gorenje">Gorenje</a> (electrical home appliances) in Valjevo.<a href="#cite_note-338">[333]</a> The pharmaceutical industry in Serbia comprises a dozen manufacturers of generic drugs, of which <a href="/wiki/Hemofarm_a.d." title="Hemofarm a.d.">Hemofarm</a> in Vršac and <a href="/wiki/Galenika_a.d." title="Galenika a.d.">Galenika</a> in Belgrade, account for 80% of production volume. Domestic production meets over 60% of the local demand.<a href="#cite_note-339">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Energy in Serbia</a></div> The energy sector is one of the largest and most important sectors to the country's economy. Serbia is a net exporter of electricity and importer of key fuels (such as oil and gas). Serbia has an abundance of coal, and significant reserves of oil and gas. Serbia's proven reserves of 5.5 billion tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">coal lignite</a> are the fifth largest in the world (second in Europe, after Germany).<a href="#cite_note-b92.net-340">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[336]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg/220px-Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg/220px-Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg/330px-Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg/440px-Dam_Serbia_Djerdap_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_I_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station">Đerdap 1 Hydroelectric Power Station</a> is the largest dam on the Danube river and one of the largest hydro power stations in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-342">[337]</a></figcaption></figure> Coal is found in two large deposits: Kolubara (4 billion tonnes of reserves) and Kostolac (1.5 billion tonnes).<a href="#cite_note-b92.net-340">[335]</a> Despite being small on a world scale, Serbia's oil and gas resources (77.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent and 48.1 billion cubic metres, respectively) have a certain regional importance since they are largest in the region of former Yugoslavia as well as the Balkans (excluding Romania).<a href="#cite_note-343">[338]</a> Almost 90% of the discovered oil and gas are to be found in Banat and those oil and gas fields are by size among the largest in the Pannonian basin but are average on a European scale.<a href="#cite_note-344">[339]</a> The production of electricity in 2015 in Serbia was 36.5 billion kilowatt-hours (KWh), while the final electricity consumption amounted to 35.5 billion kilowatt-hours (KWh).<a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a> Most of the electricity produced comes from thermal-power plants (72.7% of all electricity) and to a lesser degree from <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric-power plants</a> (27.3%).<a href="#cite_note-346">[341]</a> There are 6 lignite-operated <a href="/wiki/Fossil-fuel_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil-fuel power station">thermal-power plants</a> with an installed power of 3,936 MW.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a> Total installed power of 9 hydroelectric-power plants is 2,831 MW.<a href="#cite_note-348">[343]</a> In addition to this, there are mazute and gas-operated thermal-power plants with an installed power of 353 MW.<a href="#cite_note-349">[344]</a> The entire production of electricity is concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Elektroprivreda_Srbije" title="Elektroprivreda Srbije">Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS)</a>, public electric-utility power company. The current oil production in Serbia amounts to over 1.1 million tonnes of oil equivalent<a href="#cite_note-350">[345]</a> and satisfies some 43% of country's needs while the rest is imported.<a href="#cite_note-uk.practicallaw.com-351">[346]</a> National petrol company, <a href="/wiki/Naftna_Industrija_Srbije" title="Naftna Industrija Srbije">Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS)</a>, was acquired in 2008 by <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a>. The company's refinery in Pančevo (capacity of 4.8 million tonnes) is one of the most modern oil-refineries in Europe; it also operates network of 334 filling stations in Serbia (74% of domestic market) and additional 36 stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 31 in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, and 28 in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[348]</a> There are 155 kilometres of crude oil pipelines connecting Pančevo and Novi Sad refineries as a part of trans-national <a href="/wiki/Adria_oil_pipeline" title="Adria oil pipeline">Adria oil pipeline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[349]</a> Serbia is heavily dependent on foreign sources of natural gas, with only 17% coming from domestic production (totalling 491 million cubic metres in 2012) and the rest is imported, mainly from Russia (via gas pipelines that run through Ukraine and Hungary).<a href="#cite_note-uk.practicallaw.com-351">[346]</a> <a href="/wiki/Srbijagas" title="Srbijagas">Srbijagas</a>, public company, operates the natural gas transportation system which comprise 3,177 kilometres (1,974 mi) of trunk and regional natural gas pipelines and a 450 million cubic metre underground gas storage facility at <a href="/wiki/Banatski_Dvor" title="Banatski Dvor">Banatski Dvor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[350]</a> In 2021, Balkan Stream gas pipeline opened through Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-356">[351]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Serbia" title="Transport in Serbia">Transport in Serbia</a></div> Serbia has a strategic transportation location since the country's backbone, Morava Valley, represents the easiest land route from continental Europe to Asia Minor and the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-International_Trade_Administration_%7B%7Bpipe%7D%7D_Trade.gov_2021-357">[352]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg/200px-Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg/200px-Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg/300px-Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg/400px-Air_Serbia_ATR-72-202_taking_off_from_Belgrade_Airport.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">An <a href="/wiki/Air_Serbia" title="Air Serbia">Air Serbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> taking off from Belgrade <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikola Tesla Airport">Nikola Tesla Airport</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg/200px-SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg/200px-SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg/300px-SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg/400px-SV_410_006_-_SOKO_-_Novi_Beograd_-_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Srbijavoz" title="Srbijavoz">Srbijavoz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stadler_KISS" title="Stadler KISS">Stadler KISS</a> Soko train on the rail line connecting the two major cities, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></div></div></div></div></div> Serbian road network carries the bulk of traffic in the country. Total length of roads is 45,419 km (28,222 mi) of which 962 km (598 mi) are "class-IA state roads" (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Motorways" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorways">motorways</a>); 4,517 km (2,807 mi) are "class-IB state roads" (national roads); 10,941 km (6,798 mi) are "class-II state roads" (regional roads) and 23,780 km (14,780 mi) are "municipal roads".<a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[355]</a> The road network, except for the most of class-IA roads, are of comparatively lower quality to the Western European standards because of lack of financial resources for their maintenance in the last 20 years. Over 300 km (190 mi) of new motorways were constructed in the last decade and additional 154 km (96 mi) are currently under construction: <a href="/wiki/A5_motorway_(Serbia)" title="A5 motorway (Serbia)">A5 motorway</a> (from north of <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Kruševac">Kruševac</a> to <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dak" title="Čačak">Čačak</a>) and 31 km (19 mi)-long segment of <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Serbia)" title="A2 motorway (Serbia)">A2</a> (between Čačak and <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega,_Serbia" title="Požega, Serbia">Požega</a>).<a href="#cite_note-361">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">Coach</a> transport is very extensive: almost every place in the country is connected by bus, from largest cities to the villages; in addition there are international routes (mainly to countries of Western Europe with large Serb diaspora). Routes, both domestic and international, are served by more than hundred <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">intercity coach services</a>, biggest of which are <a href="/wiki/Lasta_Beograd" title="Lasta Beograd">Lasta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1-Ekspres" title="Niš-Ekspres">Niš-Ekspres</a>. As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 1,999,771 registered passenger cars or 1 passenger car per 3.5 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-363">[358]</a> Serbia has 3,819 km (2,373 mi) of rail tracks, of which 1,279 km (795 mi) are electrified and 283 km (176 mi) are double-track railroad.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> The major rail hub is Belgrade (and to a lesser degree Niš), while the most important railroads include: Belgrade–Subotica–Budapest (Hungary) (currently upgraded to high-speed status), <a href="/wiki/Belgrade%E2%80%93Bar_railway" title="Belgrade–Bar railway">Belgrade–Bar (Montenegro)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade-%C5%A0id_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade-Šid railway">Belgrade–Šid–Zagreb (Croatia)/Belgrade–Niš–Sofia (Bulgaria)</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Corridor_X" title="Pan-European Corridor X">Pan-European Corridor X</a>), and Niš–Thessaloniki (Greece). Some 75 km (46 mi) of new high-speed rail line between Belgrade and Novi Sad was opened in 2022 and additional 108 km (67 mi) from Novi Sad to Subotica and border with Hungary are currently under construction and due to open in 2025. Construction work for 212 km-long prolongation of the high-speed rail line to the south, to the city of Niš, is set to commence in 2024 and with its planned completion by the end of the decade four of country's five largest cities will be connected by the high-speed rail lines.<a href="#cite_note-364">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-365">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[361]</a> Rail services are operated by <a href="/wiki/Srbija_Voz" class="mw-redirect" title="Srbija Voz">Srbija Voz</a> (passenger transport) and <a href="/wiki/Srbija_Kargo" title="Srbija Kargo">Srbija Kargo</a> (freight transport).<a href="#cite_note-367">[362]</a> There are three airports with regular passenger services reaching over 6 million passengers in 2022 with <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Nikola_Tesla_Airport" title="Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport">Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport</a> serving bulk of it, being a hub of flagship carrier <a href="/wiki/Air_Serbia" title="Air Serbia">Air Serbia</a> which flies to 80 destinations in 32 countries (including intercontinental flights to New York City, Chicago and Tianjin) and carried 2.75 million passengers in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-368">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[364]</a> Serbia has a developed inland water transport since there are 1,716 km (1,066 mi) of navigable inland waterways (1,043 km, 648 mi of navigable rivers and 673 km, 418 mi of navigable canals), which are almost all located in northern third of the country.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> The most important inland waterway is the Danube. Other navigable rivers include Sava, Tisza, <a href="/wiki/Bega_River_(Tisza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bega River (Tisza)">Begej</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timi%C5%9F_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiş River">Timiş Rivers</a>, all of which connect Serbia with Northern and Western Europe through the <a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Main%E2%80%93Danube_Canal" title="Rhine–Main–Danube Canal">Rhine–Main–Danube Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> route, to Eastern Europe via the Tisza, Begej and Danube Black Sea routes, and to Southern Europe via the Sava river. More than 8 million tonnes of cargo were transported on Serbian rivers and canals in 2018 while the largest river ports are: Novi Sad, Belgrade, Pančevo, <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>, Prahovo and Šabac.<a href="#cite_note-370">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Telecommunications in Serbia</a></div> Fixed telephone lines connect 81% of households in Serbia, and with about 9.1 million users the number of cellphones surpasses the total population of by 28%.<a href="#cite_note-ratel.rs-372">[367]</a> The largest mobile operator is <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Srbija" title="Telekom Srbija">Telekom Srbija</a> with 4.2 million subscribers, followed by <a href="/wiki/Yettel_Serbia" title="Yettel Serbia">Yettel</a> with 2.8 million users and <a href="/wiki/A1_Srbija" title="A1 Srbija">A1</a> with about 2 million.<a href="#cite_note-ratel.rs-372">[367]</a> Some 58% of households have fixed-line (non-mobile) broadband Internet connection while 67% are provided with <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">pay television services</a> (i.e. 38% cable television, 17% IPTV, and 10% satellite).<a href="#cite_note-ratel.rs-372">[367]</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital television transition</a> has been completed in 2015 with <a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2</a> standard for signal transmission.<a href="#cite_note-EJC-373">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[369]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Serbia" title="Tourism in Serbia">Tourism in Serbia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg/142px-Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 107px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg/142px-Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="142" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg/213px-Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg/284px-Nacionalni_park_Kopaonik_12.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Manastir_Studenica_(by_Pudelek)_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG/142px-Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="105" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2889" data-file-height="2132"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 105px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG/142px-Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="142" data-height="105" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG/213px-Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG/284px-Manastir_Studenica_%28by_Pudelek%29_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Golubac_Fortress_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg/142px-Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10368" data-file-height="7776"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 107px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg/142px-Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="142" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg/213px-Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg/284px-Golubac_Fortress_%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%86%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg/142px-Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6122" data-file-height="4373"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 101px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg/142px-Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="142" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg/213px-Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg/284px-Pogled_na_Suboti%C4%8Dku_sinagogu_iz_dvori%C5%A1ta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Clockwise from left: 1. <a href="/wiki/Kopaonik_ski_resort" title="Kopaonik ski resort">Kopaonik ski resort</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Studenica_Monastery" title="Studenica Monastery">Studenica Monastery</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. 3. <a href="/wiki/Golubac_Fortress" title="Golubac Fortress">Golubac Fortress</a>. 4. <a href="/wiki/Subotica" title="Subotica">Subotica</a>, a city built in <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> style</div></div></div></div> Serbia is not a mass-tourism destination but nevertheless has a diverse range of touristic products.<a href="#cite_note-375">[370]</a> In 2019, total of over 3.6 million tourists were recorded in accommodations, of which half were foreign.<a href="#cite_note-:1-376">[371]</a> Foreign exchange earnings from tourism were estimated at $1.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-377">[372]</a> Tourism is mainly focused on the mountains and spas of the country, which are mostly visited by domestic tourists, as well as Belgrade and, to a lesser degree, <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, which are preferred choices of foreign tourists (almost two-thirds of all foreign visits are made to these two cities).<a href="#cite_note-378">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[374]</a> The most famous mountain resorts are <a href="/wiki/Kopaonik_ski_resort" title="Kopaonik ski resort">Kopaonik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stara_Planina_ski_resort" title="Stara Planina ski resort">Stara Planina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tornik_ski_resort" title="Tornik ski resort">Zlatibor</a>. There are also many <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spas</a> in Serbia, the biggest of which are <a href="/wiki/Vrnja%C4%8Dka_Banja" title="Vrnjačka Banja">Vrnjačka Banja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soko_Banja" class="mw-redirect" title="Soko Banja">Soko Banja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Banja_Kovilja%C4%8Da" title="Banja Koviljača">Banja Koviljača</a>. City-break and conference tourism is developed in Belgrade and Novi Sad.<a href="#cite_note-380">[375]</a> Other touristic products that Serbia offer are natural wonders like <a href="/wiki/Djavolja_varos" class="mw-redirect" title="Djavolja varos">Đavolja varoš</a>,<a href="#cite_note-381">[376]</a> Christian pilgrimage to the many <a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_Orthodox_monasteries" title="List of Serbian Orthodox monasteries">Orthodox monasteries</a> across the country and the river cruising along the Danube. There are several internationally popular music festivals held in Serbia, such as <a href="/wiki/Exit_(festival)" title="Exit (festival)">EXIT</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gu%C4%8Da_trumpet_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Guča trumpet festival">Guča trumpet festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[377]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Education_and_science">Education and science</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education in Serbia</a></div> According to 2011 census, literacy in Serbia stands at 98% of population while computer literacy is at 49% (complete computer literacy is at 34.2%).<a href="#cite_note-383">[378]</a> Same census showed the following levels of education: 16.2% of inhabitants have higher education (10.6% have bachelors or master's degrees, 5.6% have an associate degree), 49% have a secondary education, 20.7% have an elementary education, and 13.7% have not completed elementary education.<a href="#cite_note-384">[379]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:N.Tesla.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/123px-N.Tesla.JPG" decoding="async" width="123" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="3348"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 123px;height: 161px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/123px-N.Tesla.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="123" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/185px-N.Tesla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/N.Tesla.JPG/246px-N.Tesla.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> was an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical engineer">electrical engineer</a> who helped to develop the modern <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a> <a href="/wiki/Electricity_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity supply">electricity supply</a> system<a href="#cite_note-385">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-Energy_Kids:_U.S._Energy_Information_Administration_(EIA)_i903-386">[381]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:113px;max-width:113px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg/111px-Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="389"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 111px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg/111px-Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="111" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg/167px-Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg/222px-Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87" title="Milutin Milanković">Milutin Milanković</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Climate_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate science">climate science</a> theorist who founded the <a href="/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles" title="Milankovitch cycles">Milankovitch cycles</a> theory<a href="#cite_note-387">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-Buis_2020_v709-388">[383]</a></div></div></div></div></div> Education in Serbia is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science. Education starts in either preschools or elementary schools. Children enroll in elementary schools at the age of seven. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Students have the opportunity to attend <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasiums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">vocational schools</a> for another four years, or to enroll in vocational training for two to three years. Following the completion of gymnasiums or vocational schools, students have the opportunity to attend university.<a href="#cite_note-389">[384]</a> Elementary and secondary education are also available in languages of recognised minorities in Serbia, where classes are held in Hungarian, Slovak, Albanian, Romanian, Rusyn, Bulgarian as well as Bosnian and Croatian languages. <a href="/wiki/Petnica_Science_Center" title="Petnica Science Center">Petnica Science Center</a> is a notable institution for extracurricular science education focusing on gifted students.<a href="#cite_note-390">[385]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KnezMihailova_ped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KnezMihailova_ped.jpg/220px-KnezMihailova_ped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KnezMihailova_ped.jpg/220px-KnezMihailova_ped.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KnezMihailova_ped.jpg/330px-KnezMihailova_ped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/KnezMihailova_ped.jpg/440px-KnezMihailova_ped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, founded in 1841</figcaption></figure> There are 19 universities in Serbia (nine public universities with a total number of 86 <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a> and ten private universities with 51 faculties).<a href="#cite_note-391">[386]</a> In 2018/2019 academic year, 210,480 students attended 19 universities (181,310 at public universities and some 29,170 at private universities) while 47,169 attended 81 "higher schools".<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-enrolledstudents2019-392">[387]</a> Public universities in Serbia are: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade">University of Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Novi_Sad" title="University of Novi Sad">University of Novi Sad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-enrolledstudents2019-392">[387]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ni%C5%A1" title="University of Niš">University of Niš</a>,<a href="#cite_note-enrolledstudents2019-392">[387]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kragujevac" title="University of Kragujevac">University of Kragujevac</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pri%C5%A1tina_(North_Mitrovica)" title="University of Priština (North Mitrovica)">University of Priština</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_Novi_Pazar" title="State University of Novi Pazar">Public University of Novi Pazar</a> as well as three specialist universities – <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arts_(Belgrade)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Arts (Belgrade)">University of Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_(Serbia)" title="Military Academy (Serbia)">University of Defence</a> and University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies. Largest private universities include <a href="/wiki/Megatrend_University" title="Megatrend University">Megatrend University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singidunum_University" title="Singidunum University">Singidunum University</a>, both in Belgrade, and Educons University in Novi Sad. The University of Belgrade (placed in 301–400 bracket on <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">2013 Shanghai Ranking of World Universities</a>, being best-placed university in Southeast Europe after those in Athens and Thessaloniki) and University of Novi Sad are generally considered the best institutions of higher learning in the country.<a href="#cite_note-393">[388]</a> Serbia spent 0.9% of GDP on scientific research in 2017, which is slightly below the European average.<a href="#cite_note-394">[389]</a> Serbia was ranked 52nd in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-395">[390]</a> Since 2018, Serbia is a full member of <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-396">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[392]</a> Serbia has a long history of excellence in maths and computer sciences which has created a strong pool of engineering talent, although economic sanctions during the 1990s and chronic underinvestment in research forced many scientific professionals to leave the country.<a href="#cite_note-398">[393]</a> Nevertheless, there are several areas in which Serbia still excels such as growing information technology sector, which includes software development as well as outsourcing. It generated over $1.2 billion in exports in 2018, both from international investors and a significant number of dynamic homegrown enterprises.<a href="#cite_note-399">[394]</a> Serbia is one of the countries with the highest proportion of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_science" title="Women in science">women in science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-400">[395]</a> Among the scientific institutes operating in Serbia, the largest are the <a href="/wiki/Mihajlo_Pupin_Institute" title="Mihajlo Pupin Institute">Mihajlo Pupin Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da_Nuclear_Institute" title="Vinča Nuclear Institute">Vinča Nuclear Institute</a>, both in Belgrade. The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned society</a> promoting science and arts from its inception in 1841.<a href="#cite_note-401">[396]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian culture">Serbian culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beli_andjeo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beli_andjeo2.jpg/220px-Beli_andjeo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="497"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 192px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beli_andjeo2.jpg/220px-Beli_andjeo2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="192" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beli_andjeo2.jpg/330px-Beli_andjeo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beli_andjeo2.jpg/440px-Beli_andjeo2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mile%C5%A1eva_Monastery" title="Mileševa Monastery">Mileševa monastery</a>'s <a href="/wiki/White_Angel" title="White Angel">White Angel</a> fresco (1235)</figcaption></figure> For centuries straddling the boundaries between East and West, the territory of Serbia had been divided among the Eastern and Western halves of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>; then between <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> and the Kingdom of Hungary; and in the early modern period between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire. These overlapping influences have resulted in cultural varieties throughout Serbia; its north leans to the profile of Central Europe, while the south is characteristic of the wider Balkans and even the Mediterranean. Serbia was influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> as well, mainly though trade, literature and <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">romanesque architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-402">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[398]</a> Serbia has five cultural monuments inscribed in the list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage</a>: the early medieval capital <a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Stari Ras</a> and the 13th-century monastery <a href="/wiki/Sopo%C4%87ani" title="Sopoćani">Sopoćani</a>; the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Studenica_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Studenica monastery">Studenica monastery</a>; the Roman complex of <a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Gamzigrad–Felix Romuliana</a>; medieval tombstones <a href="/wiki/Ste%C4%87ci" class="mw-redirect" title="Stećci">Stećci</a>; and finally the endangered <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Monuments_in_Kosovo" title="Medieval Monuments in Kosovo">Medieval Monuments in Kosovo</a> (the monasteries of <a href="/wiki/Visoki_De%C4%8Dani" title="Visoki Dečani">Visoki Dečani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ljevi%C5%A1" title="Our Lady of Ljeviš">Our Lady of Ljeviš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%8Danica_Monastery" title="Gračanica Monastery">Gračanica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_Monastery_of_Pe%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchal Monastery of Peć">Patriarchal Monastery of Peć</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C4%8Canak-Medi%C4%87Todi%C4%872017-404">[399]</a> There are four literary works on UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World Programme</a>: the 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Gospel" title="Miroslav Gospel">Miroslav Gospel</a>, the electrical engineer and inventor <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>'s archive, the telegram of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>'s declaration of war on Serbia, and the <a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement</a> archives.<a href="#cite_note-405">[400]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Slava_(patron_saint_veneration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slava (patron saint veneration)">slava</a> (patron saint veneration), <a href="/wiki/Kolo_(dance)" title="Kolo (dance)">kolo</a> (traditional folk dance), singing to the accompaniment of the <a href="/wiki/Gusle" title="Gusle">gusle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zlakusa_pottery" title="Zlakusa pottery">Zlakusa pottery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">slivovitz</a> (plum brandy) and <a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">naïve painting</a> practices of <a href="/wiki/Kova%C4%8Dica" title="Kovačica">Kovačica</a> are inscribed on <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-406">[401]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (Serbia)">Ministry of Culture and Information</a> is tasked with preserving the nation's <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage of Serbia">cultural heritage</a> and overseeing its development, with further activities undertaken by local governments. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_architecture">Art and architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_art" title="Serbian art">Serbian art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian architecture">Serbian architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg/220px-Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="2565"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg/220px-Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg/330px-Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg/440px-Kosovski_bo%C5%BEuri.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Kosovo peonies by <a href="/wiki/Nade%C5%BEda_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Nadežda Petrović">Nadežda Petrović</a>, part of the collection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Serbia" title="National Museum of Serbia">National Museum of Serbia</a><a href="#cite_note-407">[402]</a></figcaption></figure> Traces of Roman and early Byzantine Empire architectural heritage are found in many royal cities and palaces in Serbia, such as <a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediana" title="Mediana">Mediana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Felix Romuliana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justiniana_Prima" title="Justiniana Prima">Justiniana Prima</a>, since 535 the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Justiniana_Prima" title="Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima">Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurlej2016193-408">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[404]</a> Serbian monasteries were under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>, particularly after the fall of Constantinople in 1204 when many Byzantine artists fled to Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-The_Royal_Family_of_Serbia-410">[405]</a> The monasteries include Studenica (built around 1190), which was a model for such later monasteries as <a href="/wiki/Mile%C5%A1eva" class="mw-redirect" title="Mileševa">Mileševa</a>, Sopoćani, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDi%C4%8Da" title="Žiča">Žiča</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%8Danica_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Gračanica monastery">Gračanica</a> and Visoki Dečani. Numerous monuments and cultural sites were destroyed at various stages of Serbian history, including <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Serbian_heritage_in_Kosovo" title="Destruction of Serbian heritage in Kosovo">destruction in Kosovo</a>. In the late 14th and the 15th centuries, an autochthonous architectural style known as <a href="/wiki/Morava_architectural_school" title="Morava architectural school">Morava style</a> evolved in the area around Morava Valley. A characteristic of this style was the wealthy decoration of the frontal church walls. Examples of this include <a href="/wiki/Manasija" title="Manasija">Manasija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravanica" title="Ravanica">Ravanica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaleni%C4%87_Monastery" title="Kalenić Monastery">Kalenić</a> monasteries. Frescos include <a href="/wiki/White_Angel" title="White Angel">White Angel</a> (Mileševa monastery), Crucifixion (Studenica monastery) and Dormition of the Virgin (Sopoćani).<a href="#cite_note-411">[406]</a> The country is dotted with many well-preserved medieval fortifications and castles such as <a href="/wiki/Smederevo_Fortress" title="Smederevo Fortress">Smederevo Fortress</a> (largest lowland fortress in Europe),<a href="#cite_note-412">[407]</a> <a href="/wiki/Golubac_Fortress" title="Golubac Fortress">Golubac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magli%C4%8D" title="Maglič">Maglič</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soko_Grad_(Sokobanja)" title="Soko Grad (Sokobanja)">Soko grad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Fortress" title="Belgrade Fortress">Belgrade Fortress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ostrvica_Fortress" title="Ostrvica Fortress">Ostrvica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Fortress" title="Ram Fortress">Ram</a>. Under Ottoman occupation, Serbian art was virtually non-existent outside the lands ruled by the Habsburg monarchy. Traditional Serbian art showed <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> influences at the end of the 18th century as shown in the works of <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Ne%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Nikola Nešković">Nikola Nešković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teodor_Kra%C4%8Dun" title="Teodor Kračun">Teodor Kračun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaharije_Orfelin" title="Zaharije Orfelin">Zaharije Orfelin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Orfelin" title="Jakov Orfelin">Jakov Orfelin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-413">[408]</a> Serbian painting showed the influence of <a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> as seen in works by <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Danil" title="Konstantin Danil">Konstantin Danil</a>,<a href="#cite_note-414">[409]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsenije_Teodorovi%C4%87" title="Arsenije Teodorović">Arsenije Teodorović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_%C4%90urkovi%C4%87" title="Pavel Đurković">Pavel Đurković</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[410]</a> Many painters followed the artistic trends set in the 19th century Romanticism, notably <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura_Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Đura Jakšić">Đura Jakšić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevan_Todorovi%C4%87" title="Stevan Todorović">Stevan Todorović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katarina_Ivanovi%C4%87" title="Katarina Ivanović">Katarina Ivanović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novak_Radoni%C4%87" title="Novak Radonić">Novak Radonić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-416">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[412]</a> Serbian painters of the first half of the 20th century include <a href="/wiki/Paja_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Paja Jovanović">Paja Jovanović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_Predi%C4%87" title="Uroš Predić">Uroš Predić</a> of <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a>, Cubist <a href="/wiki/Sava_%C5%A0umanovi%C4%87" title="Sava Šumanović">Sava Šumanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milena_Pavlovi%C4%87-Barili" title="Milena Pavlović-Barili">Milena Pavlović-Barili</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nade%C5%BEda_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Nadežda Petrović">Nadežda Petrović</a> of Impressionism, Expressionist <a href="/wiki/Milan_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Milan Konjović">Milan Konjović</a>. Painters of the second half of 20th century include <a href="/wiki/Marko_%C4%8Celebonovi%C4%87" title="Marko Čelebonović">Marko Čelebonović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petar_Lubarda" title="Petar Lubarda">Petar Lubarda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milo_Milunovi%C4%87" title="Milo Milunović">Milo Milunović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ljubomir_Popovi%C4%87" title="Ljubomir Popović">Ljubomir Popović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Veli%C4%8Dkovi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Veličković">Vladimir Veličković</a>.<a href="#cite_note-418">[413]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anastas_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Anastas Jovanović">Anastas Jovanović</a> was one of the earliest photographers in the world. <a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramović</a> is a performance artist. <a href="/wiki/Pirot_carpet" title="Pirot carpet">Pirot carpet</a> is a traditional handicraft in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-419">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-420">[415]</a> There are around 180 museums in Serbia,<a href="#cite_note-421">[416]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Serbia" title="National Museum of Serbia">National Museum of Serbia</a>, founded in 1844, houses one of the largest art collections in the Balkans.<a href="#cite_note-422">[417]</a> Other art museums include the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_(Belgrade)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Contemporary Art (Belgrade)">Museum of Contemporary Art</a> in Belgrade, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Vojvodina" title="Museum of Vojvodina">Museum of Vojvodina</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_Matica_Srpska" title="Gallery of Matica Srpska">Gallery of Matica Srpska</a> in Novi Sad. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg/220px-Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1417"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg/220px-Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg/330px-Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg/440px-Page_of_Miroslav_Gospel_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miroslav%27s_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav's Gospel">Miroslav's Gospel</a> (1186) is a 362-page illuminated manuscript on parchment listed in <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s Memory of the World Register.</figcaption></figure> Serbian uses the Cyrillic alphabet created by the students of the brothers <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> in Bulgaria.<a href="#cite_note-423">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-424">[419]</a> Serbian works from the early 11th century are written in <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic">Glagolitic</a>. Starting in the 12th century, books were written in Cyrillic. The <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslav Gospels">Miroslav Gospels</a> from 1186 are considered to be the oldest book of Serbian medieval history and are listed in <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory of the World Register">Memory of the World Register</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mow-425">[420]</a> There are 551 public libraries, the largest of which are the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Serbia" title="National Library of Serbia">National Library of Serbia</a> in Belgrade with about 6 million items, and <a href="/wiki/Matica_Srpska" class="mw-redirect" title="Matica Srpska">Matica Srpska</a> (the oldest <a href="/wiki/Matica" title="Matica">matica</a> and Serbian cultural institution, founded in 1826) in Novi Sad with nearly 3.5 million volumes.<a href="#cite_note-426">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[422]</a> In 2010, there were 10,989 books and brochures published.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> The book publishing market is dominated by several major publishers such as Laguna and Vulkan. The industry's centrepiece event, annual <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Book_Fair" title="Belgrade Book Fair">Belgrade Book Fair</a>, is the most visited cultural event in Serbia with 158,128 visitors in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-428">[423]</a> The highlight of the literary scene is awarding of <a href="/wiki/NIN_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="NIN Prize">NIN Prize</a>, given every January since 1954 for the best newly published novel in Serbian.<a href="#cite_note-429">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[425]</a> Medieval authors include Saint Sava, <a href="/wiki/Jefimija" title="Jefimija">Jefimija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Lazarević">Stefan Lazarević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Kostenets" title="Constantine of Kostenets">Constantine of Kostenets</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-431">[426]</a> Under Ottoman occupation, when Serbia was not part of the European <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, the tradition of oral story-telling through <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a> was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo battle">Kosovo battle</a> and folk tales rooted in <a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic mythology</a>. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_epic_poetry" title="Serbian epic poetry">Serbian epic poetry</a> in those times was seen as the most effective way in preserving the national identity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragnich199429%E2%80%9330-432">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-CaseNaimark2003-433">[428]</a> The oldest known, entirely fictional poems, make up the Non-historic cycle, which is followed by poems inspired by events before, during and after the Battle of Kosovo. Folk ballads include The Death of the Mother of the Jugović Family and <a href="/wiki/Hasanaginica" title="Hasanaginica">The Mourning Song of the Noble Wife of the Asan Aga</a> (1646), translated into European languages by <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushkin">Pushkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Mérimée">Mérimée</a>. A tale from Serbian folklore is <a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Peahens_and_the_Golden_Apples" title="The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples">The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples</a>.<a href="#cite_note-434">[429]</a> Baroque trends in Serbian literature emerged in the late 17th century. Baroque-influenced authors include <a href="/wiki/Gavril_Stefanovi%C4%87_Venclovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavril Stefanović Venclović">Gavril Stefanović Venclović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Raji%C4%87" title="Jovan Rajić">Jovan Rajić</a>, Zaharije Orfelin and <a href="/wiki/Andrija_Zmajevi%C4%87" title="Andrija Zmajević">Andrija Zmajević</a>.<a href="#cite_note-435">[430]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Dositej Obradović</a> was a prominent figure of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Sterija_Popovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Sterija Popović">Jovan Sterija Popović</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicist</a> writer whose works also contained elements of Romanticism.<a href="#cite_note-436">[431]</a> In the era of national revival, in the first half of the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk Stefanović Karadžić">Vuk Stefanović Karadžić</a> collected Serbian <a href="/wiki/Folk_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk literature">folk literature</a>, and reformed the Serbian language and spelling,<a href="#cite_note-437">[432]</a> paving the way for Serbian Romanticism. The first half of the 19th century was dominated by Romanticist writers, including <a href="/wiki/Petar_II_Petrovi%C4%87-Njego%C5%A1" title="Petar II Petrović-Njegoš">Petar II Petrović-Njegoš</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branko_Radi%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Branko Radičević">Branko Radičević</a>, Đura Jakšić, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Jovanovi%C4%87_Zmaj" title="Jovan Jovanović Zmaj">Jovan Jovanović Zmaj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laza_Kosti%C4%87" title="Laza Kostić">Laza Kostić</a>, while the second half of the century was marked by <a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Realist</a> writers such as <a href="/wiki/Milovan_Gli%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Milovan Glišić">Milovan Glišić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laza_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Laza Lazarević">Laza Lazarević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simo_Matavulj" title="Simo Matavulj">Simo Matavulj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevan_Sremac" title="Stevan Sremac">Stevan Sremac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vojislav_Ili%C4%87" title="Vojislav Ilić">Vojislav Ilić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branislav_Nu%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Branislav Nušić">Branislav Nušić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radoje_Domanovi%C4%87" title="Radoje Domanović">Radoje Domanović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borisav_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Borisav Stanković">Borisav Stanković</a>. The 20th century was dominated by the prose writers <a href="/wiki/Me%C5%A1a_Selimovi%C4%87" title="Meša Selimović">Meša Selimović</a> (<a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Dervish" title="Death and the Dervish">Death and the Dervish</a>), <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Crnjanski" title="Miloš Crnjanski">Miloš Crnjanski</a> (Migrations), <a href="/wiki/Isidora_Sekuli%C4%87" title="Isidora Sekulić">Isidora Sekulić</a> (The Chronicle of a Small Town Cemetery), <a href="/wiki/Branko_%C4%86opi%C4%87" title="Branko Ćopić">Branko Ćopić</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eagles_Fly_Early_(novel)" title="Eagles Fly Early (novel)">Eagles Fly Early</a>), <a href="/wiki/Borislav_Peki%C4%87" title="Borislav Pekić">Borislav Pekić</a> (The Time of Miracles), <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Ki%C5%A1" title="Danilo Kiš">Danilo Kiš</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Dead" title="The Encyclopedia of the Dead">The Encyclopedia of the Dead</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dobrica_%C4%86osi%C4%87" title="Dobrica Ćosić">Dobrica Ćosić</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koreni_(novel)" title="Koreni (novel)">The Roots</a>), <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Ti%C5%A1ma" title="Aleksandar Tišma">Aleksandar Tišma</a> (The Use of Man), <a href="/wiki/Milorad_Pavi%C4%87" title="Milorad Pavić">Milorad Pavić</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-438">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-439">[434]</a> Notable poets include <a href="/wiki/Milan_Raki%C4%87" title="Milan Rakić">Milan Rakić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Du%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Jovan Dučić">Jovan Dučić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Petkovi%C4%87_Dis" title="Vladislav Petković Dis">Vladislav Petković Dis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rastko_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Rastko Petrović">Rastko Petrović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Vinaver" title="Stanislav Vinaver">Stanislav Vinaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Mati%C4%87" title="Dušan Matić">Dušan Matić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branko_Miljkovi%C4%87" title="Branko Miljković">Branko Miljković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasko_Popa" title="Vasko Popa">Vasko Popa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Davi%C4%8Do" title="Oskar Davičo">Oskar Davičo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miodrag_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Miodrag Pavlović">Miodrag Pavlović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stevan_Rai%C4%8Dkovi%C4%87" title="Stevan Raičković">Stevan Raičković</a>.<a href="#cite_note-440">[435]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevan_Kragujevic,_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg/220px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2233" data-file-height="1805"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg/220px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg/330px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg/440px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dobrica_Cosic_i_Ivo_Andric.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Writer <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner in 1961 and writer and politician <a href="/wiki/Dobrica_%C4%86osi%C4%87" title="Dobrica Ćosić">Dobrica Ćosić</a></figcaption></figure> Pavić is a 21st-century Serbian author whose <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Khazars" title="Dictionary of the Khazars">Dictionary of the Khazars</a> has been translated into 38 languages.<a href="#cite_note-441">[436]</a> Contemporary authors include <a href="/wiki/David_Albahari" title="David Albahari">David Albahari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svetislav_Basara" title="Svetislav Basara">Svetislav Basara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goran_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Goran Petrović">Goran Petrović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Kui%C4%87" title="Gordana Kuić">Gordana Kuić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vuk_Dra%C5%A1kovi%C4%87" title="Vuk Drašković">Vuk Drašković</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Bajac" title="Vladislav Bajac">Vladislav Bajac</a>. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_comics" title="Serbian comics">Serbian comics</a> emerged in the 1930s and the medium remains popular today.<a href="#cite_note-442">[437]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_Drina" title="The Bridge on the Drina">The Bridge on the Drina</a>) is a Serbian author<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnel2004209-443">[438]</a> who won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 1961. Another writer was <a href="/wiki/Desanka_Maksimovi%C4%87" title="Desanka Maksimović">Desanka Maksimović</a>, who for seven decades was the leading lady of Yugoslav poetry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeliso2009110-444">[439]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVidan2016494-445">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkesworth200015-446">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawkesworth2000203-447">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJuraga2002204-448">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Music of Serbia</a></div> Composer and <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Stevan_Stojanovi%C4%87_Mokranjac" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac">Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac</a> is considered the founder of modern Serbian music.<a href="#cite_note-449">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-450">[445]</a> The Serbian composers of the first generation <a href="/wiki/Petar_Konjovi%C4%87" title="Petar Konjović">Petar Konjović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevan_Hristi%C4%87" title="Stevan Hristić">Stevan Hristić</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miloje_Milojevi%C4%87" title="Miloje Milojević">Miloje Milojević</a> maintained the national expression and modernised the romanticism into the direction of impressionism.<a href="#cite_note-451">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-452">[447]</a> Other famous <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">classical</a> Serbian composers include <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Baji%C4%87" title="Isidor Bajić">Isidor Bajić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Bini%C4%8Dki" title="Stanislav Binički">Stanislav Binički</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josif_Marinkovi%C4%87" title="Josif Marinković">Josif Marinković</a>.<a href="#cite_note-453">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[449]</a> There are three opera houses in Serbia: <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_in_Belgrade" title="National Theatre in Belgrade">Opera of the National Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madlenianum_Opera_and_Theatre" title="Madlenianum Opera and Theatre">Madlenianum Opera</a>, both in Belgrade, and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_National_Theatre" title="Serbian National Theatre">Opera of the Serbian National Theatre</a> in Novi Sad. Four symphonic orchestra operate in the country: <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra">Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Niš Symphony Orchestra">Niš Symphony Orchestra</a>, Novi Sad Philharmonic Orchestra and Symphonic Orchestra of Radio Television of Serbia. The Choir of Radio Television of Serbia is a leading vocal ensemble in the country.<a href="#cite_note-455">[450]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Music_Festival" title="Belgrade Music Festival">BEMUS</a> is one of the most prominent classical music festivals in the Southeastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-456">[451]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG/330px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG/440px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%83_6.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Filip_Vi%C5%A1nji%C4%87" title="Filip Višnjić">Filip Višnjić</a> sings to the <a href="/wiki/Gusle" title="Gusle">gusle</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sreten_Stojanovi%C4%87" title="Sreten Stojanović">Sreten Stojanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Kruševac">Kruševac</a>, central Serbia</figcaption></figure> Traditional Serbian music includes various kinds of <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Flutes">flutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blowing_horn" title="Blowing horn">horns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutes">lutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalteries">psalteries</a>, drums and cymbals. The kolo is the traditional collective folk dance, which has <a href="/wiki/Serbian_dances" title="Serbian dances">a number of varieties</a> throughout the regions. The most popular are those from <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEice" title="Užice">Užice</a> and Morava region. Sung epic poetry has been an integral part of Serbian and Balkan music for centuries. In the highlands of Serbia these long poems are typically accompanied on a one-string fiddle called the gusle, and concern themselves with themes from history and mythology. There are records of gusle being played at the court of the 13th-century king <a href="/wiki/Stefan_the_First-Crowned" title="Stefan the First-Crowned">Stefan the First-Crowned</a>.<a href="#cite_note-457">[452]</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Brass_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan Brass Band">Balkan Brass</a>, or truba ("trumpet") is a popular genre, especially in Central and Southern Serbia where Balkan Brass originated. There are two main varieties of this genre, one from Western Serbia and the other from Southern Serbia, with brass musician <a href="/wiki/Boban_Markovi%C4%87" title="Boban Marković">Boban Marković</a> being one of the most respected names in the world of modern brass band bandleaders.<a href="#cite_note-458">[453]</a> The most popular music festivals are <a href="/wiki/Gu%C4%8Da_Trumpet_Festival" title="Guča Trumpet Festival">Guča Trumpet Festival</a>, with over 300,000 annual visitors, and <a href="/wiki/Exit_(festival)" title="Exit (festival)">Exit</a> in Novi Sad (won the Best Major Festival award at the <a href="/wiki/European_Festivals_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="European Festivals Awards">European Festivals Awards</a> for 2013 and 2017.), with 200,000 visitors in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-459">[454]</a><a href="#cite_note-460">[455]</a> Other festivals include <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1ville" title="Nišville">Nišville Jazz Festival</a> in Niš and <a href="/wiki/Gitarijada" title="Gitarijada">Gitarijada</a> rock festival in Zaječar. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Pop music</a> artist <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Joksimovi%C4%87" title="Željko Joksimović">Željko Joksimović</a> won second place at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Eurovision Song Contest">2004 Eurovision Song Contest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marija_%C5%A0erifovi%C4%87" title="Marija Šerifović">Marija Šerifović</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2007_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Eurovision Song Contest">2007 Eurovision Song Contest</a> with the song "<a href="/wiki/Molitva" title="Molitva">Molitva</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008">Serbia was the host</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Eurovision Song Contest">2008 edition</a> of the contest. Pop singers include <a href="/wiki/Zdravko_%C4%8Coli%C4%87" title="Zdravko Čolić">Zdravko Čolić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Georgiev" title="Vlado Georgiev">Vlado Georgiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Radovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandra Radović">Aleksandra Radović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jelena_Toma%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Jelena Tomašević">Jelena Tomašević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Bekvalac" title="Nataša Bekvalac">Nataša Bekvalac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jelena_Karleu%C5%A1a" title="Jelena Karleuša">Jelena Karleuša</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teya_Dora" title="Teya Dora">Teya Dora</a> among others. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian rock">Serbian rock</a> was part of the <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslav_pop_and_rock_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslav pop and rock scene">former Yugoslav rock scene</a> during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. During the 1990s and 2000s, the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> declined in Serbia,<a href="#cite_note-461">[456]</a> and although several major mainstream acts managed to sustain their popularity, an <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent music</a> scene developed.<a href="#cite_note-462">[457]</a> The 2000s saw a revival of the mainstream scene and the appearance of a large number of notable acts. Serbian rock acts include <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Rap" title="Atheist Rap">Atheist Rap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bajaga_i_Instruktori" title="Bajaga i Instruktori">Bajaga i Instruktori</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90or%C4%91e_Bala%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Đorđe Balašević">Đorđe Balašević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bjesovi" title="Bjesovi">Bjesovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Block_Out_(band)" title="Block Out (band)">Block Out</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crni_Biseri" title="Crni Biseri">Crni Biseri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darkwood_Dub" title="Darkwood Dub">Darkwood Dub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disciplina_Ki%C4%8Dme" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplina Kičme">Disciplina Kičme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elipse" title="Elipse">Elipse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekatarina_Velika" title="Ekatarina Velika">Ekatarina Velika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_Orgazam" title="Električni Orgazam">Električni Orgazam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eva_Braun_(band)" title="Eva Braun (band)">Eva Braun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galija" title="Galija">Galija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Generacija_5" title="Generacija 5">Generacija 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goblini" title="Goblini">Goblini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idoli" title="Idoli">Idoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanda,_Kod%C5%BEa_i_Neboj%C5%A1a" title="Kanda, Kodža i Nebojša">Kanda, Kodža i Nebojša</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerber_(band)" title="Kerber (band)">Kerber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korni_Grupa" title="Korni Grupa">Korni Grupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laboratorija_Zvuka" title="Laboratorija Zvuka">Laboratorija Zvuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sla%C4%91ana_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slađana Milošević">Slađana Milošević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neverne_Bebe" title="Neverne Bebe">Neverne Bebe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obojeni_Program" title="Obojeni Program">Obojeni Program</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Celts" title="Orthodox Celts">Orthodox Celts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partibrejkers" title="Partibrejkers">Partibrejkers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pekin%C5%A1ka_Patka" title="Pekinška Patka">Pekinška Patka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piloti_(band)" title="Piloti (band)">Piloti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riblja_%C4%8Corba" title="Riblja Čorba">Riblja Čorba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ritam_Nereda" title="Ritam Nereda">Ritam Nereda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rambo_Amadeus" title="Rambo Amadeus">Rambo Amadeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SARS_(band)" title="SARS (band)">S.A.R.S.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siluete" title="Siluete">Siluete</a>, <a href="/wiki/S_Vremena_Na_Vreme" title="S Vremena Na Vreme">S Vremena Na Vreme</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0arlo_Akrobata" title="Šarlo Akrobata">Šarlo Akrobata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_Ma%C5%A1ina" title="Pop Mašina">Pop Mašina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smak" title="Smak">Smak</a>, <a href="/wiki/U_%C5%A0kripcu" title="U Škripcu">U Škripcu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_(band)" title="Van Gogh (band)">Van Gogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/YU_Grupa" title="YU Grupa">YU Grupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zana_(band)" title="Zana (band)">Zana</a> and others.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg/220px-Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1874"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg/220px-Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg/330px-Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg/440px-Drone_shot_of_Exit_fest_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Exit_(festival)" title="Exit (festival)">Exit Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, proclaimed as the Best Major European festival at the EU Festival Awards<a href="#cite_note-463">[458]</a></figcaption></figure> Folk music in its original form has been a prominent music style since <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> following the early success of <a href="/wiki/Sofka_Nikoli%C4%87" title="Sofka Nikolić">Sofka Nikolić</a>. The music has been further promoted by Danica Obrenić, Anđelija Milić, <a href="/wiki/Nada_Mamula" title="Nada Mamula">Nada Mamula</a>, and during the 60s and 70s with performers like <a href="/wiki/Silvana_Armenuli%C4%87" title="Silvana Armenulić">Silvana Armenulić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toma_Zdravkovi%C4%87" title="Toma Zdravković">Toma Zdravković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepa_Luki%C4%87" title="Lepa Lukić">Lepa Lukić</a>, Vasilija Radojčić, Vida Pavlović and Gordana Stojićević. <a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a> music is a subgenre that was developed in Serbia in the late 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s<a href="#cite_note-464">[459]</a> and has since enjoyed an immense popularity<a href="#cite_note-465">[460]</a> through acts of <a href="/wiki/Dragana_Mirkovi%C4%87" title="Dragana Mirković">Dragana Mirković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zorica_Brunclik" title="Zorica Brunclik">Zorica Brunclik</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0aban_%C5%A0auli%C4%87" title="Šaban Šaulić">Šaban Šaulić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ana_Bekuta" title="Ana Bekuta">Ana Bekuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinan_Saki%C4%87" title="Sinan Sakić">Sinan Sakić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesna_Zmijanac" title="Vesna Zmijanac">Vesna Zmijanac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mile_Kiti%C4%87" title="Mile Kitić">Mile Kitić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sne%C5%BEana_%C4%90uri%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Snežana Đurišić">Snežana Đurišić</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0emsa_Suljakovi%C4%87" title="Šemsa Suljaković">Šemsa Suljaković</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nada_Top%C4%8Dagi%C4%87" title="Nada Topčagić">Nada Topčagić</a>. It is a blend of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance</a> elements and can be seen as a result of the urbanisation of folk music. In recent years, turbo-folk has featured even more pop music elements, and some of the performers have been labeled as pop-folk. The most famous among them are <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Ra%C5%BEnatovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Svetlana Ražnatović">Ceca</a> (often considered to be the biggest music star of Serbia<a href="#cite_note-466">[461]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jelena_Karleu%C5%A1a" title="Jelena Karleuša">Jelena Karleuša</a>,<a href="#cite_note-467">[462]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aca_Lukas" title="Aca Lukas">Aca Lukas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seka_Aleksi%C4%87" title="Seka Aleksić">Seka Aleksić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dara_Bubamara" title="Dara Bubamara">Dara Bubamara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Radi%C4%87" title="Indira Radić">Indira Radić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%A1a_Mati%C4%87" title="Saša Matić">Saša Matić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viki_Miljkovi%C4%87" title="Viki Miljković">Viki Miljković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoja" title="Stoja">Stoja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lepa_Brena" title="Lepa Brena">Lepa Brena</a>, arguably the most prominent performer of former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-468">[463]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre_and_cinema">Theatre and cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Cinema of Serbia</a></div> Serbia has a well-established theatrical tradition with <a href="/wiki/Joakim_Vuji%C4%87" title="Joakim Vujić">Joakim Vujić</a> considered the founder of modern Serbian theatre.<a href="#cite_note-Joakim-469">[464]</a> Serbia has 38 professional theatres and 11 theatres for children,<a href="#cite_note-470">[465]</a> the most important of which are National Theatre in Belgrade, Serbian National Theatre in Novi Sad, <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_in_Subotica" title="National Theatre in Subotica">National Theatre in Subotica</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_in_Ni%C5%A1" title="National Theatre in Niš">National Theatre in Niš</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knja%C5%BEevsko-srpski_teatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Knjaževsko-srpski teatar">Knjaževsko-srpski teatar</a> in Kragujevac (the oldest theatre in Serbia, established in 1835). The <a href="/wiki/Bitef" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitef">Belgrade International Theatre Festival – BITEF</a>, founded in 1967, is one of the oldest theatre festivals in the world, and it has become one of the five biggest European festivals.<a href="#cite_note-471">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-472">[467]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sterijino_pozorje" title="Sterijino pozorje">Sterijino pozorje</a> is, on the other hand, a festival showcasing national drama plays. The most important Serbian playwrights were Jovan Sterija Popović and Branislav Nušić, while recent renowned names are <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Dušan Kovačević">Dušan Kovačević</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biljana_Srbljanovi%C4%87" title="Biljana Srbljanović">Biljana Srbljanović</a>.<a href="#cite_note-473">[468]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kusturica_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kusturica_2024.jpg/100px-Kusturica_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="910"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 149px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kusturica_2024.jpg/100px-Kusturica_2024.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="100" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kusturica_2024.jpg/150px-Kusturica_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kusturica_2024.jpg/200px-Kusturica_2024.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Emir_Kusturica" title="Emir Kusturica">Emir Kusturica</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes</a> twice</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_(2)_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/134px-Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3502" data-file-height="3863"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 134px;height: 148px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/134px-Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="134" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/201px-Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/268px-Go_East_2015_Zelimir_Zilnik_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlinale</a></div></div></div></div></div> The country has a rich cinematic legacy.<a href="#cite_note-474">[469]</a> Serbia's film scene is one of the most dynamic smaller European cinemas. The film industry is heavily subsidized by the government, mainly through grants approved by the Film Centre of Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-475">[470]</a> As of 2019, there were 26 feature films produced in Serbia, of which 14 were domestic films.<a href="#cite_note-476">[471]</a> There are 23 operating cinemas in the country, with total attendance reaching 4.8 million. A comparatively high percentage of 20% of total tickets sold were for domestic films.<a href="#cite_note-477">[472]</a> Modern <a href="/wiki/Pink_International_Company" title="Pink International Company">PFI Studios</a> located in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0imanovci" title="Šimanovci">Šimanovci</a> is nowadays Serbia's only major film studio complex.<a href="#cite_note-478">[473]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Film_Archive" title="Yugoslav Film Archive">Yugoslav Film Archive</a> used to be former Yugoslavia's and now is Serbia's national film archive – with over 100 thousand film prints, it is among the five largest film archives in the world.<a href="#cite_note-479">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-480">[475]</a> Famous Serbian filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Emir_Kusturica" title="Emir Kusturica">Emir Kusturica</a> won two <a href="/wiki/Golden_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Palm">Palmes d'Or</a> for Best Feature Film at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, for <a href="/wiki/When_Father_Was_Away_on_Business" title="When Father Was Away on Business">When Father Was Away on Business</a> in 1985 and then again for <a href="/wiki/Underground_(1995_film)" title="Underground (1995 film)">Underground</a> in 1995; he has also won a <a href="/wiki/Jury_Grand_Prix" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury Grand Prix">Silver Bear</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Film Festival">Berlin Film Festival</a> for <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Dream" title="Arizona Dream">Arizona Dream</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lion" title="Silver Lion">Silver Lion</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a> for <a href="/wiki/Black_Cat,_White_Cat" title="Black Cat, White Cat">Black Cat, White Cat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-481">[476]</a> Other renowned directors include <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Makavejev" title="Dušan Makavejev">Dušan Makavejev</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelimir_%C5%BDilnik" title="Želimir Žilnik">Želimir Žilnik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_Berlin_Bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Berlin Bear">Golden Berlin Bear</a> winner), <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Petrovi%C4%87_(film_director)" title="Aleksandar Petrović (film director)">Aleksandar Petrović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivojin_Pavlovi%C4%87" title="Živojin Pavlović">Živojin Pavlović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goran_Paskaljevi%C4%87" title="Goran Paskaljević">Goran Paskaljević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goran_Markovi%C4%87_(film_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goran Marković (film director)">Goran Marković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%91an_Dragojevi%C4%87" title="Srđan Dragojević">Srđan Dragojević</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srdan_Golubovi%C4%87" title="Srdan Golubović">Srdan Golubović</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mila_Turajli%C4%87" title="Mila Turajlić">Mila Turajlić</a> among others. Serbian-American screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Best_Original_Screenplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a> in 1979. Prominent movie stars in Serbia have left a celebrated heritage in the cinematography of Yugoslavia as well. Notable mentions are <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Radmilovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Radmilović">Zoran Radmilović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Vuisi%C4%87" title="Pavle Vuisić">Pavle Vuisić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ljubi%C5%A1a_Samard%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Ljubiša Samardžić">Ljubiša Samardžić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivera_Markovi%C4%87" title="Olivera Marković">Olivera Marković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mija_Aleksi%C4%87" title="Mija Aleksić">Mija Aleksić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miodrag_Petrovi%C4%87_%C4%8Ckalja" title="Miodrag Petrović Čkalja">Miodrag Petrović Čkalja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ru%C5%BEica_Soki%C4%87" title="Ružica Sokić">Ružica Sokić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velimir_Bata_%C5%BDivojinovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Velimir Bata Živojinović">Velimir Bata Živojinović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Bata_Stojkovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Danilo Bata Stojković">Danilo Bata Stojković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seka_Sabli%C4%87" title="Seka Sablić">Seka Sablić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragan_Nikoli%C4%87" title="Dragan Nikolić">Dragan Nikolić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mira_Stupica" title="Mira Stupica">Mira Stupica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Simi%C4%87_(actor)" title="Nikola Simić (actor)">Nikola Simić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bora_Todorovi%C4%87" title="Bora Todorović">Bora Todorović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a_Glogovac" title="Nebojša Glogovac">Nebojša Glogovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Bikovi%C4%87" title="Miloš Biković">Miloš Biković</a> and others. <a href="/wiki/Milena_Dravi%C4%87" title="Milena Dravić">Milena Dravić</a> was one of the most celebrated actresses in Serbian cinematography, winning the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress">Best Actress Award</a> at the Cannes Film Festival in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-482">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-483">[478]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Serbia">Media of Serbia</a></div> Freedom of the press and freedom of speech are guaranteed by the constitution of Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-484">[479]</a> Serbia is ranked 90th out of 180 countries in the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> report compiled by <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-485">[480]</a> The report noted that media outlets and journalists continue to face partisan and government pressure over editorial policies.<a href="#cite_note-486">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-487">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-488">[483]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">EBU</a> research in 2018, Serbs on average watch five and a half hours of television per day, making it the second highest average in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-489">[484]</a> There are seven nationwide <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> television channels, with public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">Radio Television of Serbia (RTS)</a> operating three (<a href="/wiki/RTS1" class="mw-redirect" title="RTS1">RTS1</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTS2" class="mw-redirect" title="RTS2">RTS2</a> and RTS3) and private broadcasters operating four (<a href="/wiki/RTV_Pink" class="mw-redirect" title="RTV Pink">Pink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prva_Srpska_Televizija" title="Prva Srpska Televizija">Prva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Happy_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Happy TV">Happy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/B92" title="B92">O2</a>).<a href="#cite_note-490">[485]</a> There are 28 regional television channels and 74 local television channels.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> Besides terrestrial channels there are dozens of Serbian television channels available only on cable or satellite. These include regional news <a href="/wiki/N1_(TV_channel)" title="N1 (TV channel)">N1</a>, commercial channel <a href="/wiki/Nova_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova S">Nova S</a>, and regional sports channels <a href="/wiki/Sport_Klub" title="Sport Klub">Sport Klub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arena_Sport" title="Arena Sport">Arena Sport</a>, among others. There are 247 radio stations in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-pod2.stat.gov.rs-199">[194]</a> Out of these, six are radio stations with national coverage, including two of public broadcaster Radio Television of Serbia (<a href="/wiki/Radio_Belgrade" title="Radio Belgrade">Radio Belgrade 1</a> and Radio Belgrade 2/Radio Belgrade 3) and four private ones (Radio S1, Radio S2, Play Radio, and Radio Hit FM). Also, there are 34 regional stations and 207 local stations.<a href="#cite_note-491">[486]</a> There are 305 <a href="/wiki/Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers">newspapers</a> published in Serbia<a href="#cite_note-webrzs.stat.gov.rs-492">[487]</a> of which 12 are daily newspapers. Dailies <a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">Politika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danas_(newspaper)" title="Danas (newspaper)">Danas</a> are Serbia's <a href="/wiki/Papers_of_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Papers of record">papers of record</a>, the former being the oldest newspaper in the Balkans, founded in 1904.<a href="#cite_note-493">[488]</a> Highest circulation newspapers are tabloids <a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernje_Novosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Večernje Novosti">Večernje Novosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blic" title="Blic">Blic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurir" title="Kurir">Kurir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Informer_(newspaper)" title="Informer (newspaper)">Informer</a>, all with more than 100,000 copies sold.<a href="#cite_note-494">[489]</a> There is one daily newspaper devoted to sports (<a href="/wiki/Sportski_%C5%BEurnal" title="Sportski žurnal">Sportski žurnal</a>), one business daily (Privredni pregled), two regional newspapers (<a href="/wiki/Dnevnik_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnevnik (Serbia)">Dnevnik</a> published in Novi Sad and Narodne novine from Niš), and one minority-language daily (<a href="/wiki/Magyar_Szo" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar Szo">Magyar Szo</a> in Hungarian, published in Subotica). There are 1,351 <a href="/wiki/Magazines" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazines">magazines</a> published in the country.<a href="#cite_note-webrzs.stat.gov.rs-492">[487]</a> These include: weekly <a href="/wiki/News_magazine" title="News magazine">news magazines</a> <a href="/wiki/NIN_(magazine)" title="NIN (magazine)">NIN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vreme" title="Vreme">Vreme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nedeljnik" title="Nedeljnik">Nedeljnik</a>; popular science magazine <a href="/wiki/Politikin_Zabavnik" title="Politikin Zabavnik">Politikin Zabavnik</a>; women's magazine <a href="/wiki/Lepota_%26_Zdravlje" title="Lepota & Zdravlje">Lepota & Zdravlje</a>; auto magazine SAT revija; and IT magazine <a href="/wiki/Svet_kompjutera" title="Svet kompjutera">Svet kompjutera</a>. In addition, there is a wide selection of Serbian editions of international magazines, such as <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)" title="Cosmopolitan (magazine)">Cosmopolitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elle_(magazine)" title="Elle (magazine)">Elle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Health_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's Health (magazine)">Men's Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_diplomatique" title="Le Monde diplomatique">Le Monde diplomatique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hello!_(magazine)" title="Hello! (magazine)">Hello!</a>, among others. The main news agencies are <a href="/wiki/Tanjug" title="Tanjug">Tanjug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta_News_Agency" title="Beta News Agency">Beta</a> and Fonet. As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=edit">[update]</a>, out of 432 web-portals (mainly on the <a href="/wiki/.rs" title=".rs">.rs</a> domain)<a href="#cite_note-495">[490]</a> the most visited are online editions of printed dailies Blic and Kurir, news web-portal B92 and classifieds <a href="/wiki/Kupujemprodajem.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupujemprodajem.com">KupujemProdajem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-496">[491]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christmas_table_(Serbian_cuisine).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg/220px-Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg/220px-Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg/330px-Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg/440px-Christmas_table_%28Serbian_cuisine%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A Serbian Christmas meal with roast pork, <a href="/wiki/Russian_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian salad">Russian salad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">red wine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva,_Belgrade_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg/220px-%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg/220px-%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg/330px-%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg/440px-%22Moskva_slices%22_cake_in_Hotel_Moskva%2C_Belgrade_07.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskva_shnit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskva shnit (page does not exist)">Moskva shnit</a>, a cake made with fruits and almonds<a href="#cite_note-497">[492]</a><a href="#cite_note-498">[493]</a></figcaption></figure> Serbian cuisine is largely heterogeneous in a way characteristic of the Balkans and, especially, the former Yugoslavia. It features foods characteristic of lands formerly under <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a> suzerainty as well as cuisine originating from other parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungary</a>). Food is very important in Serbian social life, particularly during religious holidays such as <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> and feast days i.e. <a href="/wiki/Slava_(feast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slava (feast)">slava</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeynink2011330-499">[494]</a> Staples of the Serbian diet include bread, meat, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. Bread plays an important role in Serbian cuisine and can be found in religious rituals. A traditional Serbian welcome is to offer bread and <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> to guests. Meat is widely consumed, as is fish. The southern Serbian city of <a href="/wiki/Leskovac" title="Leskovac">Leskovac</a> is host to <a href="/wiki/Ro%C5%A1tiljijada" title="Roštiljijada">Roštiljijada</a>, considered the biggest barbecue festival in the Balkans.<a href="#cite_note-Xinhua_2017-500">[495]</a> Other Serbian specialties include <a href="/wiki/%C4%86evap%C4%8Di%C4%87i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ćevapčići">ćevapčići</a> (grilled and seasoned caseless sausages made from minced meat), <a href="/wiki/Pljeskavica" title="Pljeskavica">pljeskavica</a> (grilled spiced meat patty made from a mixture of pork, beef and lamb), <a href="/wiki/Gibanica" title="Gibanica">gibanica</a> (cheese pie), <a href="/wiki/Burek" class="mw-redirect" title="Burek">burek</a> (baked pastry made from a thin flaky dough that is stuffed with meat, cheese or vegetables), <a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">sarma</a> (stuffed cabbage), <a href="/wiki/Punjena_paprika" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjena paprika">punjena paprika</a> (stuffed pepper), <a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">moussaka</a> (casserole made from minced meat, eggs, and potatoes), <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91eva_%C5%A1nicla" title="Karađorđeva šnicla">Karađorđeva šnicla</a> (veal or pork <a href="/wiki/Schnitzel" title="Schnitzel">schnitzel</a> that is stuffed with kajmak), <a href="/wiki/%C4%90uve%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Đuveč">đuveč</a> (meat and vegetable stew), <a href="/wiki/Pasulj" title="Pasulj">pasulj</a> (bean soup), <a href="/wiki/Podvarak" title="Podvarak">podvarak</a> (roast meat with sauerkraut), <a href="/wiki/Ajvar" title="Ajvar">ajvar</a> (roasted red pepper spread), <a href="/wiki/Kajmak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kajmak">kajmak</a> (dairy product similar to <a href="/wiki/Clotted_cream" title="Clotted cream">clotted cream</a>), <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cvarci" title="Čvarci">čvarci</a> (variant of <a href="/wiki/Pork_rinds" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork rinds">pork rinds</a>), <a href="/wiki/Proja" title="Proja">proja</a> (cornbread) and <a href="/wiki/Ka%C4%8Damak" title="Kačamak">kačamak</a> (corn-flour porridge).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeynink2011329%E2%80%93330-501">[496]</a> Serbians claim their country as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">rakia</a> (rakija), a highly alcoholic drink primarily distilled from fruit. Rakia in various forms is found throughout the Balkans, notably in Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Hungary and Turkey. <a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a> (šljivovica), a plum brandy, is a type of rakia which is considered the <a href="/wiki/National_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="National drink">national drink</a> of Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-502">[497]</a> In 2021, Serbia's sljivovica was added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_Lists" title="UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists">United Nations Intangible Cultural Heritage List</a> as a "cherished tradition to be preserved by humanity".<a href="#cite_note-503">[498]</a> Serbian wines are produced in 22 different geographical regions, with white wine dominating the total amount.<a href="#cite_note-504">[499]</a> Besides rakia and wine, <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> is a very popular alcoholic beverage in the country.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_2006-505">[500]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pale_lagers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pale lagers">Pale lagers</a> are currently and have been the traditional beer choice for Serbians.<a href="#cite_note-Brewer_World-Everything_about_beer_is_here_2021-506">[501]</a> The most popular domestic brands of beer are Jelen, followed by Lav.<a href="#cite_note-Christie_2019-507">[502]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carlsberg_Group-508">[503]</a><a href="#cite_note-B92.net_2007-509">[504]</a> As in the rest of the former Yugoslavia, <a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture_in_former_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee culture in former Yugoslavia">coffee drinking</a> is an important cultural and social practice and Serbian coffee (a local variant of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a>) is the most commonly consumed non-alcoholic beverage.<a href="#cite_note-510">[505]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Serbia" title="Sport in Serbia">Sport in Serbia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg/120px-Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="705"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 196px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg/120px-Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="120" data-height="196" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg/180px-Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg/240px-Novak_Djokovi%C4%87_Trophy_Wimbledon_2019-croped_and_edited.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1291"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 144px;height: 196px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="144" data-height="196" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Nikola_Jokic_free_throw_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Tennis player <a href="/wiki/Novak_Djokovic" title="Novak Djokovic">Novak Djokovic</a> holds the all-time record of 24 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Grand_Slam_men%27s_singles_champions" title="List of Grand Slam men's singles champions">Grand Slam men's singles titles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Joki%C4%87" title="Nikola Jokić">Nikola Jokić</a> (right), is a three-time <a href="/wiki/NBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Most Valuable Player Award">NBA MVP</a></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campe%C3%B5es!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg/260px-Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3529" data-file-height="1994"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg/260px-Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg/390px-Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg/520px-Campe%C3%B5es%21.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_water_polo_team" title="Serbia men's national water polo team">Serbia men's national water polo team</a> held the <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_World_Aquatics_Championships" title="Water polo at the World Aquatics Championships">World Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Water_Polo_Championship" title="European Water Polo Championship">European Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/FINA_Water_Polo_World_Cup" title="FINA Water Polo World Cup">World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/FINA_Water_Polo_World_League" title="FINA Water Polo World League">World League</a> titles simultaneously from 2014 to 2016.</figcaption></figure> Serbia has hosted a number of major international sport competitions. The most important annual sporting events in the country are the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Marathon" title="Belgrade Marathon">Belgrade Marathon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Serbie" title="Tour de Serbie">Tour de Serbie</a> cycling race. Football is the most popular sport in Serbia, with the <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Serbia" title="Football Association of Serbia">Football Association of Serbia</a> being the largest sporting association, with 146,845 registered players.<a href="#cite_note-511">[506]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dragan_D%C5%BEaji%C4%87" title="Dragan Džajić">Dragan Džajić</a> was recognized as "the best Serbian player of all time" by the association. More recently, players like <a href="/wiki/Nemanja_Vidi%C4%87" title="Nemanja Vidić">Nemanja Vidić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dejan_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Dejan Stanković">Dejan Stanković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branislav_Ivanovi%C4%87" title="Branislav Ivanović">Branislav Ivanović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Kolarov" title="Aleksandar Kolarov">Aleksandar Kolarov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemanja_Mati%C4%87" title="Nemanja Matić">Nemanja Matić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Tadi%C4%87" title="Dušan Tadić">Dušan Tadić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Mitrovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Mitrović">Aleksandar Mitrović</a> have achieved significant success in the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a>, boosting Serbia's reputation as a leading exporter of footballers.<a href="#cite_note-512">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-513">[508]</a> The national team has qualified for three of the last four <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cups</a> but lacks significant success. Serbia's two main football clubs, <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade" title="Red Star Belgrade">Red Star Belgrade</a> and <a href="/wiki/FK_Partizan" title="FK Partizan">Partizan</a>, have storied histories, with Red Star winning the <a href="/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_European_Cup" title="1990–91 European Cup">1990–91 European Cup</a> and Partizan reaching the <a href="/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366_European_Cup" title="1965–66 European Cup">1965–66 European Cup</a> final. Their rivalry is known as the "<a href="/wiki/Eternal_derby_(Serbia)" title="Eternal derby (Serbia)">Eternal Derby</a>".<a href="#cite_note-514">[509]</a> The country is a powerhouse in world basketball, with the men's national team winning two <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="FIBA Basketball World Cup">World Championships</a>, three <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket" title="EuroBasket">EuroBasket</a> titles, two Olympic silver medals, and a bronze medal in 2024. The women's team has won two <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_Women" title="EuroBasket Women">EuroBasket Women</a> titles and an Olympic bronze medal. Serbia's <a href="/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_3x3_team" title="Serbia men's national 3x3 team">men's 3x3 team</a> has won six <a href="/wiki/FIBA_3x3_World_Cup" title="FIBA 3x3 World Cup">FIBA 3x3 World Cups</a> and five <a href="/wiki/FIBA_3x3_Europe_Cup" title="FIBA 3x3 Europe Cup">FIBA 3x3 Europe Cups</a>. A total of 34 Serbian players have played in the NBA over the last three decades, including <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Joki%C4%87" title="Nikola Jokić">Nikola Jokić</a>, a three-time <a href="/wiki/NBA_Most_Valuable_Player_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Most Valuable Player Award">NBA MVP</a> and 2023 <a href="/wiki/NBA_Finals" title="NBA Finals">NBA Finals</a> MVP.<a href="#cite_note-515">[510]</a> The "Serbian coaching school" has produced many of Europe's most successful basketball coaches, including <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Željko Obradović">Željko Obradović</a>, who has won a record 9 Euroleague titles. <a href="/wiki/KK_Partizan" title="KK Partizan">KK Partizan</a> won the <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_FIBA_European_League" title="1991–92 FIBA European League">1992 EuroLeague</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KK_Crvena_zvezda" title="KK Crvena zvezda">KK Crvena zvezda</a> won the <a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_FIBA_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="1973–74 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup">1974 FIBA Saporta Cup</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_water_polo_team" title="Serbia men's national water polo team">Serbia men's national water polo team</a> is one of the most successful, with three <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Water polo at the Summer Olympics">Olympic</a> gold medals, three <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_World_Aquatics_Championships" title="Water polo at the World Aquatics Championships">World Championships</a>, and seven <a href="/wiki/European_Water_Polo_Championship" title="European Water Polo Championship">European Championships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-516">[511]</a> <a href="/wiki/VK_Partizan" title="VK Partizan">VK Partizan</a> has won seven <a href="/wiki/LEN_Champions_League" title="LEN Champions League">Champions League</a> titles. The recent success of Serbian tennis players, especially <a href="/wiki/Novak_Djokovic" title="Novak Djokovic">Novak Djokovic</a>, who holds a record 24 <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> singles titles, has led to a surge in the sport's popularity in Serbia. Djokovic has held the No. 1 ATP ranking for a record 428 weeks and achieved a <a href="/wiki/Career_Super_Slam" class="mw-redirect" title="Career Super Slam">Career Super Slam</a> with his Olympic gold in 2024. <a href="/wiki/Ana_Ivanovic" title="Ana Ivanovic">Ana Ivanovic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jelena_Jankovi%C4%87" title="Jelena Janković">Jelena Janković</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nenad_Zimonji%C4%87" title="Nenad Zimonjić">Nenad Zimonjić</a> have also been ranked No. 1 in the WTA rankings.<a href="#cite_note-517">[512]</a> The men's national team won the <a href="/wiki/2010_Davis_Cup" title="2010 Davis Cup">2010 Davis Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_ATP_Cup" title="2020 ATP Cup">2020 ATP Cup</a>. Serbia's <a href="/wiki/Serbia_men%27s_national_volleyball_team" title="Serbia men's national volleyball team">men's national volleyball team</a> won the 2000 Olympic gold medal, three European Championships, and the 2016 <a href="/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_World_League" title="FIVB Volleyball World League">FIVB Volleyball World League</a>. The women's team has won two <a href="/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_Women%27s_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship">World Championships</a>, three European Championships, and two Olympic medals. Serbian chess players excelled from 1950 to 1980, winning 15 Olympic medals. The men's team won the <a href="/wiki/European_Team_Chess_Championship" title="European Team Chess Championship">2023 European Team Competition</a>, and women's clubs have won the European Champions Cup five times.<a href="#cite_note-:12-518">[513]</a> <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Gligori%C4%87" title="Svetozar Gligorić">Svetozar Gligorić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ljubomir_Ljubojevi%C4%87" title="Ljubomir Ljubojević">Ljubomir Ljubojević</a> were among the world's best players outside the USSR.<a href="#cite_note-519">[514]</a><a href="#cite_note-520">[515]</a> Notable Serbian athletes include sport shooters <a href="/wiki/Jasna_%C5%A0ekari%C4%87" title="Jasna Šekarić">Jasna Šekarić</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damir_Mikec" title="Damir Mikec">Damir Mikec</a>, handball player <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Kiti%C4%87" title="Svetlana Kitić">Svetlana Kitić</a>, volleyball player <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Grbi%C4%87" title="Nikola Grbić">Nikola Grbić</a>, swimmer <a href="/wiki/Milorad_%C4%8Cavi%C4%87" title="Milorad Čavić">Milorad Čavić</a>, track and field athlete <a href="/wiki/Ivana_%C5%A0panovi%C4%87" title="Ivana Španović">Ivana Španović</a>, wrestler <a href="/wiki/Davor_%C5%A0tefanek" title="Davor Štefanek">Davor Štefanek</a>, and taekwondoist <a href="/wiki/Milica_Mandi%C4%87" title="Milica Mandić">Milica Mandić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-521">[516]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Serbia-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Serbia-related articles">Index of Serbia-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">Outline of Serbia</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Recognised as <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia#Minority_languages" title="Languages of Serbia">minority languages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-data1-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-data1_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-data1_7-1">b</a> Excludes data for <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsɜːrbiə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/50\/En-us-Serbia.ogg\/En-us-Serbia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Serbia.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/En-us-Serbia.ogg/En-us-Serbia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Serbia.ogg" title="File:En-us-Serbia.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SUR-bee-ə</a>; <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: Србија, Srbija, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[sř̩bija]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1c\/Sr-srbija.ogg\/Sr-srbija.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sr-srbija.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/Sr-srbija.ogg/Sr-srbija.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Sr-srbija.ogg" title="File:Sr-srbija.ogg">ⓘ</a> In minority languages: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: Сърбия (Sarbiya) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">[ˈsɤrbijɐ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f6\/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F.wav\/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-\u0421\u044a\u0440\u0431\u0438\u044f.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q7918_(bul)-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F.wav" title="File:LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-Сърбия.wav">ⓘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Srbija</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Szerbia <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Hungarian pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈsɛrbijɒ]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Србија (Srbija)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Rusyn language">Pannonian Rusyn</a>: Се́рбія (Serbiya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Serbia <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[serbjˈa]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6c\/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav\/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q7913_(ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav" title="File:LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Serbia.wav">ⓘ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: Srbsko <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Slovak pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">[ˈsr̩bskɔ]</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: Република Србија, Republika Srbija, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[repǔblika sř̩bija]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/77\/Sr-Republika_Srbija.oga\/Sr-Republika_Srbija.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sr-Republika Srbija.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Sr-Republika_Srbija.oga/Sr-Republika_Srbija.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Sr-Republika_Srbija.oga" title="File:Sr-Republika Srbija.oga">ⓘ</a> In minority languages: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: Republika e Serbisë</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: Република Сърбия (Republika Sarbiya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Republika Srbija</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Szerb Köztársaság</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Република Србија (Republika Srbija)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Rusyn_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Rusyn language">Pannonian Rusyn</a>: Републі́ка Се́рбія (Republika Serbiya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Republica Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: Srbská republika</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-data2-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-data2_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2_172-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-data2_172-2">c</a> Including the disputed territory of Kosovo. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-popis-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popis_2-0">a</a> <a 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 29 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%3A+Manipulations+with+the+Number+of+Second+World+War+Victims&rft.pub=Croatian+Information+Centre&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-919817-32-6&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hic.hr%2Fbooks%2Fmanipulations%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanjug2013" class="citation web cs1">Tanjug (10 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondo.rs/a622628/Info/Drustvo/Posle-rata-u-Srbiji-streljano-preko-60.000-civila.html">"Posle rata u Srbiji streljano preko 60.000 civila"</a>. 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Scranton, Pennsylvania: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 295–296, 301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State-society+relations+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1945%E2%80%931992&rft.place=Scranton%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E295-%3C%2Fspan%3E296%2C+301&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Bokovoy&rft.aufirst=Melissa+Katherine&rft.au=Irvine%2C+Jill+A.&rft.au=Lilly%2C+Carol+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris2008" class="citation book cs1">Norris, David A (2008). Belgrade A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988849-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988849-8"><bdi>978-0-19-988849-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belgrade+A+Cultural+History&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-988849-8&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=David+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilandžićDahlmannKosanović2012" class="citation book cs1">Bilandžić, Vladimir; Dahlmann, Dittmar; Kosanović, Milan (2012). From Helsinki to Belgrade: The First CSCE Follow-up Meeting and the Crisis of Détente. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 163–184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89971-938-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89971-938-3"><bdi>978-3-89971-938-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Helsinki+to+Belgrade%3A+The+First+CSCE+Follow-up+Meeting+and+the+Crisis+of+D%C3%A9tente&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-89971-938-3&rft.aulast=Biland%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Dahlmann%2C+Dittmar&rft.au=Kosanovi%C4%87%2C+Milan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrifunović2018" class="citation journal cs1">Trifunović, Vesna (July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FGEI1701127T">"Patterns of competitive authoritarianism in the Western Balkans"</a>. Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU. 65 (1): 127–145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FGEI1701127T">10.2298/GEI1701127T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107%2Frcub_dais_7666">21.15107/rcub_dais_7666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glasnik+Etnografskog+instituta+SANU&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+competitive+authoritarianism+in+the+Western+Balkans&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E145&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F21.15107%2Frcub_dais_7666&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FGEI1701127T&rft.aulast=Trifunovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vesna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2298%252FGEI1701127T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagaš1993" class="citation book cs1">Magaš, Branka (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d5np99Vgc0YC&q=anti-bureaucratic+revolution&pg=PA165">The Destruction of Yugoslavia: tracking the break-up 1980–92 (pp 165–170)</a>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86091-593-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86091-593-5"><bdi>978-0-86091-593-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240831013437/https://books.google.com/books?id=d5np99Vgc0YC&q=anti-bureaucratic+revolution&pg=PA165#v=snippet&q=anti-bureaucratic%20revolution&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Destruction+of+Yugoslavia%3A+tracking+the+break-up+1980%E2%80%9392+%28pp+165%E2%80%93170%29&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-86091-593-5&rft.aulast=Maga%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Branka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd5np99Vgc0YC%26q%3Danti-bureaucratic%2Brevolution%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngelberg1992" class="citation news cs1">Engelberg, Stephen (16 January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/16/world/breakup-of-yugoslavia-leaves-slovenia-secure-croatia-shaky.html">"Breakup of Yugoslavia Leaves Slovenia Secure, Croatia Shaky"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804233306/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/16/world/breakup-of-yugoslavia-leaves-slovenia-secure-croatia-shaky.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Breakup+of+Yugoslavia+Leaves+Slovenia+Secure%2C+Croatia+Shaky&rft.date=1992-01-16&rft.aulast=Engelberg&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F01%2F16%2Fworld%2Fbreakup-of-yugoslavia-leaves-slovenia-secure-croatia-shaky.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanrightshouse.org/articles/serbia-not-guilty-of-genocide-2/">"Serbia not guilty of genocide"</a>. Human Rights House Foundation. 26 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321165449/https://humanrightshouse.org/articles/serbia-not-guilty-of-genocide-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+House+Foundation&rft.atitle=Serbia+not+guilty+of+genocide&rft.date=2007-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanrightshouse.org%2Farticles%2Fserbia-not-guilty-of-genocide-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31104973">"UN court dismisses Croatia and Serbia genocide claims"</a>. BBC News. 3 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203161525/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31104973">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+court+dismisses+Croatia+and+Serbia+genocide+claims&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-31104973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hague.bard.edu/reports/de_la_brosse_pt1.pdf">"Political Propaganda and the Plan to Create a "State for all Serbs""</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051212131608/http://hague.bard.edu/reports/de_la_brosse_pt1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2005. 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Quotation from film: "... the things that happened at state TV, warmongering, things we can admit to now: false information, biased reporting. That went directly from Milošević to the head of TV". </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/kosovo/110492.stm">"History, bloody history"</a>. BBC News. 24 March 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125151232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/kosovo/110492.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=History%2C+bloody+history&rft.date=1999-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1998%2Fkosovo%2F110492.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2011&mm=06&dd=20&nav_id=75016">"Serbia home to highest number of refugees and IDPs in Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B92" title="B92">B92</a>. 20 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326082532/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2011&mm=06&dd=20&nav_id=75016">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serbia+home+to+highest+number+of+refugees+and+IDPs+in+Europe&rft.pub=B92&rft.date=2011-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b92.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fsociety.php%3Fyyyy%3D2011%26mm%3D06%26dd%3D20%26nav_id%3D75016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/serbia/24323?download=true">"Serbia: Europe's largest proctracted refugee situation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326082139/http://www.osce.org/serbia/24323?download=true">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serbia%3A+Europe%27s+largest+proctracted+refugee+situation&rft.pub=OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fserbia%2F24323%3Fdownload%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossKenteraVukadinovicNation2013" class="citation book cs1">Cross, S.; Kentera, S.; Vukadinovic, R.; Nation, R. (7 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=el-YZHB8hzYC&pg=PP1">Shaping South East Europe's Security Community for the Twenty-First Century: Trust, Partnership, Integration</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-01020-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-01020-9"><bdi>978-1-137-01020-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111171651/https://books.google.com/books?id=el-YZHB8hzYC&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaping+South+East+Europe%27s+Security+Community+for+the+Twenty-First+Century%3A+Trust%2C+Partnership%2C+Integration&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft.isbn=978-1-137-01020-9&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Kentera%2C+S.&rft.au=Vukadinovic%2C+R.&rft.au=Nation%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Del-YZHB8hzYC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation news cs1">Smith, R. Jeffrey (25 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/09/25/yugoslav-election-fraud-alleged/bca9bca0-e35f-41c0-b554-2b646f4b8584/">"Yugoslav Election Fraud Alleged"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Yugoslav+Election+Fraud+Alleged&rft.date=2000-09-25&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R.+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2000%2F09%2F25%2Fyugoslav-election-fraud-alleged%2Fbca9bca0-e35f-41c0-b554-2b646f4b8584%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation news cs1">Smith, R. Jeffrey (27 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/09/27/milosevic-maneuvers-for-election-runoff/135c9d1c-163d-4282-8662-0308d1653852/">"Milosevic Maneuvers For Election Runoff"</a>. The Washington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Milosevic+Maneuvers+For+Election+Runoff&rft.date=2000-09-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R.+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2000%2F09%2F27%2Fmilosevic-maneuvers-for-election-runoff%2F135c9d1c-163d-4282-8662-0308d1653852%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Ivan Vejvoda, 'Civil Society versus Slobodan Milošević: Serbia 1991–2000', in <a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)" title="Adam Roberts (scholar)">Adam Roberts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a> (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present. 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Retrieved 5 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=Russian+immigrants+to+Serbia+live+in+a+parallel+society+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+01%2F29%2F2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussian-immigrants-to-serbia-live-in-a-parallel-society%2Fvideo-68116165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldhappiness.report/news/world-happiness-report-2024-most-comprehensive-picture-yet-of-happiness-across-generations/#:~:text=Afghanistan%20remains%20bottom%20of%20the,widely%20from%20the%20overall%20rankings.">"World Happiness Report 2024: Most comprehensive picture yet of happiness across generations"</a>. worldhappiness.report. 20 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320021023/https://worldhappiness.report/news/world-happiness-report-2024-most-comprehensive-picture-yet-of-happiness-across-generations/#:~:text=Afghanistan%20remains%20bottom%20of%20the,widely%20from%20the%20overall%20rankings.">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldhappiness.report&rft.atitle=World+Happiness+Report+2024%3A+Most+comprehensive+picture+yet+of+happiness+across+generations&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldhappiness.report%2Fnews%2Fworld-happiness-report-2024-most-comprehensive-picture-yet-of-happiness-across-generations%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAfghanistan%2520remains%2520bottom%2520of%2520the%2Cwidely%2520from%2520the%2520overall%2520rankings.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011_282-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf">"2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements"</a> (PDF). 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Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. 179. <q>The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs%3A+Their+Early+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-424"><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_424-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Serbia">"History"</a>. 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The Balkans Daily. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Balkans+Daily&rft.atitle=Aleksandar+Gatalica+Wins+NIN+Literary+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebalkansdaily.com%2Faleksandar-gatalica-wins-nin-literary-prize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.serbianmonitor.com/en/vladimir-tabasevic-winner-of-nin-literary-award/">"Vladimir Tabasevic winner of NIN Literary Award"</a>. Serbian Monitor. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Serbian+Monitor&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Tabasevic+winner+of+NIN+Literary+Award&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.serbianmonitor.com%2Fen%2Fvladimir-tabasevic-winner-of-nin-literary-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/knjizevnost/jderetic_knjiz/jderetic-knjiz_01.html#_Toc412462947">"Stara književnost"</a> (in Serbian). rastko.rs. Retrieved 20 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stara+knji%C5%BEevnost&rft.pub=rastko.rs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Fknjizevnost%2Fjderetic_knjiz%2Fjderetic-knjiz_01.html%23_Toc412462947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragnich199429–30-432"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDragnich199429%E2%80%9330_432-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDragnich1994">Dragnich 1994</a>, pp. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-CaseNaimark2003-433"><a href="#cite_ref-CaseNaimark2003_433-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBracewell2003" class="citation book cs1">Bracewell, Wendy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u5tUbUyXtToC&pg=PA25">"The Proud Name of Hadjaks"</a>. In Naimarkan, Norman M.; Case, Holly (eds.). 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Bataković">Bataković, Dušan T.</a>, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0jA_LdH6nsC">Histoire du peuple serbe</a> [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8251-1958-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8251-1958-7"><bdi>978-2-8251-1958-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+peuple+serbe&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=L%27Age+d%27Homme&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-2-8251-1958-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0jA_LdH6nsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronza2010" class="citation book cs1">Bronza, Boro (2010). "The Habsburg Monarchy and the Projects for Division of the Ottoman Balkans, 1771–1788". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cz7pbGvCqhwC">Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829</a>. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 51–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-10611-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-10611-7"><bdi>978-3-643-10611-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Habsburg+Monarchy+and+the+Projects+for+Division+of+the+Ottoman+Balkans%2C+1771%E2%80%931788&rft.btitle=Empires+and+Peninsulas%3A+Southeastern+Europe+between+Karlowitz+and+the+Peace+of+Adrianople%2C+1699%E2%80%931829&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-643-10611-7&rft.aulast=Bronza&rft.aufirst=Boro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCz7pbGvCqhwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFČanak-MedićTodić2017" class="citation book cs1">Čanak-Medić, Milka; Todić, Branislav (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=91u8vQEACAAJ">The Monastery of the Patriarchate of Peć</a>. Novi Sad: Platoneum, Beseda. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-85869-83-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-85869-83-9"><bdi>978-86-85869-83-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monastery+of+the+Patriarchate+of+Pe%C4%87&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pub=Platoneum%2C+Beseda&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-86-85869-83-9&rft.aulast=%C4%8Canak-Medi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milka&rft.au=Todi%C4%87%2C+Branislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D91u8vQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1981" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, John (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pwSvvQEACAAJ">The Vinča Culture of South-East Europe: Studies in Chronology, Economy and Society</a>. Vol. 1. Oxford: BAR. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-139-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-139-4"><bdi>978-0-86054-139-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vin%C4%8Da+Culture+of+South-East+Europe%3A+Studies+in+Chronology%2C+Economy+and+Society&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=BAR&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-86054-139-4&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpwSvvQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC">The Serbs</a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-4291-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-4291-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-4291-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-4291-5&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2002" class="citation book cs1">Cox, John K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U765FGDfbPoC">The History of Serbia</a>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31290-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31290-8"><bdi>978-0-313-31290-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Serbia&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31290-8&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU765FGDfbPoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragnich1994" class="citation book cs1">Dragnich, Alex N., ed. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OW5pAAAAMAAJ">Serbia's Historical Heritage</a>. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-244-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-244-6"><bdi>978-0-88033-244-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbia%27s+Historical+Heritage&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-244-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOW5pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragnich2004" class="citation book cs1">Dragnich, Alex N. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d3dpAAAAMAAJ">Serbia Through the Ages</a>. Boulder: East European Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-541-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-541-6"><bdi>978-0-88033-541-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbia+Through+the+Ages&rft.place=Boulder&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-541-6&rft.aulast=Dragnich&rft.aufirst=Alex+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd3dpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C">The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC">The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4"><bdi>0-472-08260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-08260-4&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFotić2008" class="citation book cs1">Fotić, Aleksandar (2008). "Serbian Orthodox Church". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC">Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire</a>. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. pp. 519–520. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1025-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1025-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1025-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Orthodox+Church&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E519-%3C%2Fspan%3E520&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7&rft.aulast=Foti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQjzYdCxumFcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2000" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Richard C. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IuWAAgAAQBAJ">The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War</a> (1st ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58363-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58363-8"><bdi>978-1-134-58363-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkan+Wars%2C+1912%E2%80%931913%3A+Prelude+to+the+First+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58363-8&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIuWAAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvić1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Ivi%C4%87" title="Pavle Ivić">Ivić, Pavle</a>, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7nItAQAAIAAJ">The History of Serbian Culture</a>. Edgware: Porthill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870732-31-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-870732-31-4"><bdi>978-1-870732-31-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Serbian+Culture&rft.place=Edgware&rft.pub=Porthill+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-870732-31-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7nItAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanićijević1990" class="citation book cs1">Janićijević, Jovan, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7c8yAAAAIAAJ">Serbian Culture Through Centuries: Selected List of Recommended Reading</a>. Belgrade: Yugoslav Authors' Agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbian+Culture+Through+Centuries%3A+Selected+List+of+Recommended+Reading&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Yugoslav+Authors%27+Agency&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7c8yAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanićijević1998" class="citation book cs1">Janićijević, Jovan, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rHYMAQAAMAAJ">The Cultural Treasury of Serbia</a>. Belgrade: Idea, Vojnoizdavački zavod, Markt system. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7547-039-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7547-039-7"><bdi>978-86-7547-039-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cultural+Treasury+of+Serbia&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Idea%2C+Vojnoizdava%C4%8Dki+zavod%2C+Markt+system&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-86-7547-039-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrHYMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelavich1983a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jelavich" title="Barbara Jelavich">Jelavich, Barbara</a> (1983a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qR4EeOrTm-0C">History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries</a>. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27458-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27458-6"><bdi>978-0-521-27458-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%3A+Eighteenth+and+Nineteenth+Centuries&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27458-6&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqR4EeOrTm-0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelavich1983b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jelavich" title="Barbara Jelavich">Jelavich, Barbara</a> (1983b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hd-or3qtqrsC">History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27459-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27459-3"><bdi>978-0-521-27459-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%3A+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27459-3&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHd-or3qtqrsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatić2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Katić, Tatjana (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34526312">Tursko osvajanje Srbije 1690. godine</a> [The Ottoman Conquest of Serbia in 1690.] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Srpski genealoski centar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-83679-73-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-83679-73-7"><bdi>978-86-83679-73-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tursko+osvajanje+Srbije+1690.+godine&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Srpski+genealoski+centar&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-86-83679-73-7&rft.aulast=Kati%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tatjana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34526312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKia2011" class="citation book cs1">Kia, Mehrdad (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aQKRtpZmX0EC">Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire</a>. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-06402-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-06402-9"><bdi>978-0-313-06402-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-06402-9&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaQKRtpZmX0EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuzmanovićMihajlović2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kuzmanović, Zorica; Mihajlović, Vladimir D. 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Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power. 22 (4): 416–432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1070289x.2014.969269">10.1080/1070289x.2014.969269</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143637155">143637155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Identities%3A+Global+Studies+in+Culture+and+Power&rft.atitle=Roman+Emperors+and+Identity+Constructions+in+Modern+Serbia&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E416-%3C%2Fspan%3E432&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1070289x.2014.969269&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143637155%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kuzmanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Zorica&rft.au=Mihajlovi%C4%87%2C+Vladimir+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10452643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeynink2011" class="citation book cs1">Meynink, Katrina (2011). "Serbia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC">Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</a>. Vol. 4. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. pp. 327–331. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37627-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37627-6"><bdi>978-0-313-37627-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbia&rft.btitle=Food+Cultures+of+the+World+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E327-%3C%2Fspan%3E331&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37627-6&rft.aulast=Meynink&rft.aufirst=Katrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzG1H75z0EYYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2005" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Nicholas (2005). 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Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 529–581. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6"><bdi>978-1-57607-800-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbia+and+Montenegro&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E529-%3C%2Fspan%3E581&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-800-6&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlVBB1a0rC70C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrović2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Mitrovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Mitrović">Mitrović, Andrej</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5Wm8771EYC">Serbia's Great War 1914–1918</a>. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-476-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55753-476-7"><bdi>978-1-55753-476-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbia%27s+Great+War+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.place=West+Lafayette&rft.pub=Purdue+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55753-476-7&rft.aulast=Mitrovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Andrej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCI5Wm8771EYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirković2017" class="citation book cs1">Mirković, Miroslava B. 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Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-021-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88402-021-9"><bdi>978-0-88402-021-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%3A+De+Administrando+Imperio&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Center+for+Byzantine+Studies&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-88402-021-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3al15wpFWiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, Georgeb</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ">History of the Byzantine State</a>. 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Amsterdam: Hakkert. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-256-0793-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-256-0793-7"><bdi>978-90-256-0793-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Central+Balkan+Tribes+in+pre-Roman+Times%3A+Triballi%2C+Autariatae%2C+Dardanians%2C+Scordisci+and+Moesians&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Hakkert&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-90-256-0793-7&rft.aulast=Papazoglu&rft.aufirst=Fanulab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUp4JAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stevan_K._Pavlowitch" title="Stevan K. 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London: Hurst & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-477-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-477-3"><bdi>978-1-85065-477-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbia%3A+The+History+behind+the+Name&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-477-3&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw-RuLDaNwbMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stevan_K._Pavlowitch" title="Stevan K. 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New York, NY: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70050-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70050-4"><bdi>978-0-231-70050-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70050-4&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdI9pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPešalj2010" class="citation book cs1">Pešalj, Jovan (2010). 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Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 29–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-10611-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-10611-7"><bdi>978-3-643-10611-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Early+18th-Century+Peacekeeping%3A+How+Habsburgs+and+Ottomans+Resolved+Several+Border+Disputes+after+Karlowitz&rft.btitle=Empires+and+Peninsulas%3A+Southeastern+Europe+between+Karlowitz+and+the+Peace+of+Adrianople%2C+1699%E2%80%931829&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-643-10611-7&rft.aulast=Pe%C5%A1alj&rft.aufirst=Jovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCz7pbGvCqhwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadosavljević2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nedeljko_V._Radosavljevi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedeljko V. 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The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-885-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-885-7"><bdi>978-0-87436-885-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87436-885-7&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Junius+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHupchick2017" class="citation book cs1">Hupchick, Dennis P. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa4sDwAAQBAJ">The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies</a>. New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319562063" title="Special:BookSources/9783319562063"><bdi>9783319562063</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bulgarian-Byzantine+Wars+for+Early+Medieval+Balkan+Hegemony%3A+Silver-Lined+Skulls+and+Blinded+Armies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319562063&rft.aulast=Hupchick&rft.aufirst=Dennis+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWa4sDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeliso2009" class="citation book cs1">Deliso, Christopher (2009). Culture and Customs of Serbia and Montenegro. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34436-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34436-7"><bdi>978-0-313-34436-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+Serbia+and+Montenegro&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34436-7&rft.aulast=Deliso&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaag2002" class="citation book cs1">Haag, John (2002). "Desanka Maksimović (1898–1993)". In Commire, Anne (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninworldhist10comm">Women in World History</a>. Vol. 10. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womeninworldhist10comm/page/120">120</a>–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78764-069-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78764-069-9"><bdi>978-0-78764-069-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Desanka+Maksimovi%C4%87+%281898%E2%80%931993%29&rft.btitle=Women+in+World+History&rft.place=Farmington+Hills%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=120-124&rft.pub=Gale+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-78764-069-9&rft.aulast=Haag&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomeninworldhist10comm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkesworth2000" class="citation book cs1">Hawkesworth, Celia (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rGSqi3EKxL4C">Voices in the Shadows: Women and Verbal Art in Serbia and Bosnia</a>. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-63911-662-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-63911-662-7"><bdi>978-9-63911-662-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+in+the+Shadows%3A+Women+and+Verbal+Art+in+Serbia+and+Bosnia&rft.place=Budapest%2C+Hungary&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9-63911-662-7&rft.aulast=Hawkesworth&rft.aufirst=Celia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrGSqi3EKxL4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuraga2002" class="citation book cs1">Juraga, Dubravka (2002) [2000]. "Maksimović, Desanka". In Willhardt, Mark; Parker, Alan Michael (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kxOodeGeNQQC">Who's Who in Twentieth-Century World Poetry</a>. London, England: Routledge. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-41516-356-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-41516-356-9"><bdi>978-0-41516-356-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maksimovi%C4%87%2C+Desanka&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Twentieth-Century+World+Poetry&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-41516-356-9&rft.aulast=Juraga&rft.aufirst=Dubravka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkxOodeGeNQQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucić2007" class="citation news cs1">Lucić, J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/29645/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%BE%D1%98-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B8-20-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.">"Spomenik na Tašu najomiljenijoj pesnikinji 20. veka"</a>. Politika. Retrieved 30 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spomenik+na+Ta%C5%A1u+najomiljenijoj+pesnikinji+20.+veka&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Luci%C4%87&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politika.rs%2Fsr%2Fclanak%2F29645%2F%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA-%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0-%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D1%2583-%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2599%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25BE%25D1%2598-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%259A%25D0%25B8-20-%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnel2004" class="citation book cs1">Snel, Guido (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pV6sFB-KuU8C&pg=PA209">"The Footsteps of Gavrilo Princip"</a>. In Cornis-Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (eds.). History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Vol. 1. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: John Benjamins Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-27234-52-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-27234-52-0"><bdi>978-90-27234-52-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Footsteps+of+Gavrilo+Princip&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Literary+Cultures+of+East-Central+Europe%3A+Junctures+and+Disjunctures+in+the+19th+and+20th+Centuries&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-90-27234-52-0&rft.aulast=Snel&rft.aufirst=Guido&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpV6sFB-KuU8C%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠuberKaramanić2012" class="citation book cs1">Šuber, Daniel; Karamanić, Slobodan (2012). "Symbolic Landscape, Violence and the Normalization Process in Post-Milošević Serbia". In Šuber, Daniel; Karamanić, Slobodan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw8RfHq7_P4C">Retracing Images: Visual Culture After Yugoslavia</a>. Leiden, Netherlands: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-00421-030-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-00421-030-1"><bdi>978-9-00421-030-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Symbolic+Landscape%2C+Violence+and+the+Normalization+Process+in+Post-Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87+Serbia&rft.btitle=Retracing+Images%3A+Visual+Culture+After+Yugoslavia&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9-00421-030-1&rft.aulast=%C5%A0uber&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Karamani%C4%87%2C+Slobodan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDw8RfHq7_P4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidan2016" class="citation book cs1">Vidan, Aida (2016). "Serbian Poetry". In Greene, Roland; Cushman, Stephen (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dC7FCgAAQBAJ">The Princeton Handbook of World Poetries</a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 492–494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40088-063-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40088-063-8"><bdi>978-1-40088-063-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Poetry&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Handbook+of+World+Poetries&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E492-%3C%2Fspan%3E494&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-40088-063-8&rft.aulast=Vidan&rft.aufirst=Aida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdC7FCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><noscript><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Serbia" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Serbia">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Serbia" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Serbia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Serbia" class="extiw" title="voy:Serbia">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403" class="extiw" title="d:Q403">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srbija.gov.rs/?change_lang=en">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serbia.travel/">National tourist organisation of Serbia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829212325/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/serbia.htm">Serbia</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs (archived 29 August 2012)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17907947">Serbia profile</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Serbia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Serbia">Wikimedia Atlas of Serbia</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/53294">Serbia</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=RS">Key Development Forecasts for Serbia</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/serbia/">Serbia</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410021653/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/europe-central-asia/serbia/business-corruption-in-serbia.aspx">Serbia Corruption Profile</a> from The Business Anti-Corruption Portal (archived 10 April 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Serbia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Serbia">Serbia</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Serbia&params=44_N_21_E_">44°N 21°E / 44°N 21°E / 44; 21</a>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&oldid=1275980363">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serbia&oldid=1275980363</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 16 February 2025, at 05:28 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Sèrbia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Сербиэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Сербиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сербие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Сербие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serwi%C3%AB" title="Serwië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Serwië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%AB" title="ሰርቢያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰርቢያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Сербиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Сербиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="صربيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صربيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܪܒܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܪܒܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սերպիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սերպիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3rghia" title="Sãrghia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Sãrghia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sèrbia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9via" title="Sévia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sévia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirwiya" title="Sirwiya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Sirwiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Serbiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صربیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="صربیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rbia" title="Sérbia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sérbia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সার্বিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সার্বিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сербія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сербія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сэрбія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэрбія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbya" title="Serbya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Serbya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebia" title="Sebia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Sebia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сърбия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сърбия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="སེར་བྷི་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེར་བྷི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Srbija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Серби – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Серби" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sèrbia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Серби – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Серби" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbya" title="Serbya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Serbya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsko" title="Srbsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Srbsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serubhiya" title="Serubhiya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Serubhiya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="صربيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صربيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ސާބިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސާބިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9ch%CA%BCil_Ahidayiis%C3%B3ohnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Chéchʼil Ahidayiisóohnii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chéchʼil Ahidayiisóohnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiska" title="Serbiska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Serbiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σερβία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σερβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sèrbia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сербия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сербия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbio" title="Serbio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Serbio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صربستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صربستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Serbie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servje" title="Servje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Servje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Serbiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Serbie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeirbia" title="An tSeirbia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeirbia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Serb" title="Yn Serb – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Serb" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Serbiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-S%C3%A8irb" title="An t-Sèirb – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Sèirb" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="સર્બિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સર્બિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="세르비아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세르비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Serbiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seripia" title="Seripia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Seripia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սերբիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերբիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiska" title="Serbiska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Serbiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srbija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="সার্বিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সার্বিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B0%E1%95%90%E1%90%B1%E1%90%8A" title="ᓰᕐᐱᐊ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓰᕐᐱᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Серби – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Серби" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISerbiya" title="ISerbiya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISerbiya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serb%C3%ADa" title="Serbía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Serbía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="סרביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סרביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbi" title="Sèrbi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèrbi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%9B%C9%9Bribii" title="Sɛɛribii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɛɛribii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸೆರ್ಬಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೆರ್ಬಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="სერბეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სერბეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbi%C3%B4" title="Serbiô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Serbiô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbi" title="Serbi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Serbi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seribiya" title="Seribiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Seribiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Serbie" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8bi" title="Sèbi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sèbi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbi" title="Sèrbi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Sèrbi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbistan" title="Serbistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serbistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbeja" title="Serbeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Serbeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbija" title="Serbija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Serbija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbija" title="Serbija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Serbija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Servië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbii" title="Serbii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Serbii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/serbias" title="serbias – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="serbias" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerbia" title="Szerbia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerbia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Србија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Србија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സെർബിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെർബിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbja" title="Serbja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Serbja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%93wia" title="Hēwia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hēwia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="სერბეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სერბეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="صيربيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صيربيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="صربستون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="صربستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rbia" title="Sérbia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sérbia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Серби – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Серби" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဆားဘီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆားဘီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Servië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Servië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2" title="セルビア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルビア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Серби – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Серби" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbie" title="Sèrbie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Sèrbie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сербий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сербий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ସର୍ବିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସର୍ବିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbiyaa" title="Sarbiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sarbiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Serbiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਰਬੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਰਬੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Srbija" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سربیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سربیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="သားဗီးယားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သားဗီးယားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سربيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سربيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soerbia" title="Soerbia – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Soerbia" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сӧрбия – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Сӧрбия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Serbie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebia" title="Sebia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sebia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Σερβία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Σερβία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rvia" title="Sérvia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sérvia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbiya" title="Serbiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Serbiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan" title="Sırbistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sırbistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terepia" title="Terepia – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Terepia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirpiya" title="Sirpiya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sirpiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сербія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Сербія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepia" title="Sepia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Sepia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सर्बिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सर्बिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sèrbia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Serbie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سربيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سربيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISebhiya" title="ISebhiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ISebhiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsko" title="Srbsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Srbsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Srbija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Срьбїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Срьбїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrbij%C5%8F" title="Syrbijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Syrbijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seerbiya" title="Seerbiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Seerbiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%95%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سڕبیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سڕبیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbiyakondre" title="Srbiyakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Srbiyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Србија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Србија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Srbija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rbia" title="Sérbia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sérbia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbien" title="Serbien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Serbien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="செர்பியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செர்பியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirbya" title="Sirbya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Sirbya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2erbya" title="Ṣerbya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ṣerbya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Serbie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းသႃးပီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသႃးပီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="సెర్బియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సెర్బియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rvia" title="Sérvia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Sérvia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเซอร์เบีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเซอร์เบีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%93pia" title="Sēpia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sēpia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%92%E1%8F%88%E1%8F%AF" title="ᏒᏈᏯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏒᏈᏯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan" title="Sırbistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sırbistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbi%C3%BDa" title="Serbiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Serbiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%B1ri%CC%B1bya" title="Sa̱ri̱bya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Sa̱ri̱bya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сербия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сербия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сербія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сербія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سربیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سربیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="سېربىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېربىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sèrbia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbii" title="Serbii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Serbii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4rb%C3%A4n" title="Särbän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Särbän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbi%C3%A4" title="Serbiä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Serbiä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbeye" title="Serbeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Serbeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="塞爾維亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="塞爾維亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Servië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seerbi" title="Seerbi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Seerbi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塞尔维亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2" title="סערביע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סערביע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="塞爾維亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塞爾維亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rb%C4%B1stan" title="Sırbıstan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sırbıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Servië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serb%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Serbėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Serbėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞尔维亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebia" title="Sebia – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Sebia" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8rwi" title="Sèrwi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sèrwi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Serbia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbij%C9%99" title="Serbijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Serbijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵚⵉⵕⴱⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵚⵉⵕⴱⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 05:28 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-54bc5bdf84-td4nz","wgBackendResponseTime":734,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"6.548","walltime":"7.349","ppvisitednodes":{"value":42269,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1305927,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":137084,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":122,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1745796,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6229.544 1 -total"," 43.11% 2685.471 3 Template:Reflist"," 26.37% 1642.786 307 Template:Cite_web"," 9.62% 599.224 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 8.58% 534.192 79 Template:Cite_book"," 7.15% 445.180 1 Template:Navboxes"," 6.83% 425.317 88 Template:Sfn"," 4.81% 299.385 1 Template:Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation"," 4.77% 297.404 1 Template:Navbox_with_columns"," 3.80% 236.840 15 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"4.202","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23722025,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFA_́gostonMasters2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBataković2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBieber2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBilandžićDahlmannKosanović2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBills2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBjegović_Mikanović2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBokovoyIrvineLilly1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBracewell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBronza2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuis2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarevićJovanović2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastaldoPinna2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapman1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCox2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrossKenteraVukadinovicNation2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDUSAN_STOJANOVIC2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarko_Ćirović2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelauney2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeliso2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeliso2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDierauer2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorich2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDragnich1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDragnich2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDvornik1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElezovićStefanov_KetinDašićDervišević2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEngelberg1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvropa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvropa2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilep2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFine1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFine1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoNet\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFotić2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFruscione2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordy2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGranthamDuncanEvansJones2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaag2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHajdari2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkesworth2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmanStuart-FoxE._Hauser2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHupchick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsraeli2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvanović2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvić1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Gordon_MeltonBaumann2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJajcanin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanićijević1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanićijević1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanković\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJelavich1983a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJelavich1983b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJolović2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJuraga2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalaba2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatić2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKia2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKovačević2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuzmanovićMihajlović2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaplante1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaw2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoti1918\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucić2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuxHorváth2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaerz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagaš1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinović2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeynink2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMihajlović2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMijatovic2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikavica2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilena_Veselinovic,_for2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilovančević2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMirković2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitrović2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMišković2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMojsilović2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoravcsik1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMrežni_Sistemi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOnline/Beta2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstrogorsky1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPM\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPapazoglu1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPavlowitch2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPavlowitch2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeelBuckley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetković1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPešalj2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoliLoïcRoger2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadivojevićPenev2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadosavljević2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajić2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamani2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiley-Smith2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodriguez1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoksandic2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoser2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRudnicki1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRunciman1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamardžićDuškov1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavich\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScholz1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuster-Šewc\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlavková\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSnel2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSotirović2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrejović1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStavrianos2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSterbik\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStipčević1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStojanovic2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStosićKaranović2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubotićSredojevićBjelaković2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudetic1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTakićMladenović-RanisavljevićNikolićNikolić2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanjug2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanjug2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanjug2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTatyana2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTito1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTodorović2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrifunović2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurlej2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFV._Mijatović_–_B._Hadžić\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVidan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlahovićPUŠKARIĆMAKSIMOVIĆ2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoltmer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVourlias2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeomans2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZamurovićSlaniPhillips-Tomašević2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFadmin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFeurovicious\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFsrbija.gov.rs\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĆirković2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFČanak-MedićTodić2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐurković2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŁuczyński2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠuberKaramanić2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽerjavić1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFПешиканЈерковићПижурица2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 8,\n [\"As of\"] = 5,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Balkan countries\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 4,\n [\"CIA World Factbook\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 79,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 30,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 306,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-break\"] = 3,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 34,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Council of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 14,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"DecreaseNeutral\"] = 2,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 8,\n [\"European Union candidates\"] = 1,\n [\"Font\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 6,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"La Francophonie\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 20,\n [\"Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn\"] = 3,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 37,\n [\"Main list\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 6,\n [\"Multiple images\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Ordered list\"] = 3,\n [\"Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Parabr\"] = 1,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 8,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Serbia topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Serbian census 2011\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 88,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Sovereign states of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Tlit\"] = 6,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 15,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","640","14.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","540","12.3"],["dataWrapper 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Serbia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q403","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q403","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-15T14:32:01Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T05:28:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/ff\/Flag_of_Serbia.svg","headline":"country in Southeast Europe"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var 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