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Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاقة داخلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاقة داخلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_interno" title="Enerxía interno – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enerxía interno" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="অভ্যন্তরীণ শক্তি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অভ্যন্তরীণ শক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8De-l%C3%AAng" title="Lōe-lêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lōe-lêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Унутраная энергія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Унутраная энергія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нутраная энэргія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нутраная энэргія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вътрешна енергия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вътрешна енергия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutra%C5%A1nja_energija" title="Unutrašnja energija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Unutrašnja energija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_interna" title="Energia interna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Energia interna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Шалти энерги – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шалти энерги" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnit%C5%99n%C3%AD_energie" title="Vnitřní energie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vnitřní energie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indre_energi" title="Indre energi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indre energi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innere_Energie" title="Innere Energie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Innere Energie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siseenergia" title="Siseenergia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Siseenergia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εσωτερική ενέργεια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσωτερική ενέργεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_energy" title="Internal energy – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Internal energy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_interna" title="Energía interna – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Energía interna" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interna_energio" title="Interna energio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interna energio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barne_energia" title="Barne energia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Barne energia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="انرژی درونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انرژی درونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_interne" title="Énergie interne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie interne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuinneamh_inmhe%C3%A1nach" title="Fuinneamh inmheánach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuinneamh inmheánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_interna" title="Enerxía interna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enerxía interna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="내부 에너지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내부 에너지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ներքին էներգիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ներքին էներգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="आन्तरिक ऊर्जा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आन्तरिक ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutarnja_energija" title="Unutarnja energija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Unutarnja energija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_dalam" title="Energi dalam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi dalam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_interna" title="Energia interna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Energia interna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנרגיה פנימית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרגיה פנימית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ішкі энергия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ішкі энергия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%A8ji_t%C3%A8mik" title="Enèji tèmik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enèji tèmik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ички энергия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ички энергия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iek%C5%A1%C4%93j%C4%81_ener%C4%A3ija" title="Iekšējā enerģija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iekšējā enerģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidin%C4%97_energija" title="Vidinė energija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vidinė energija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bels%C5%91_energia" title="Belső energia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Belső energia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Внатрешна енергија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Внатрешна енергија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82" title="ആന്തരിക ഊർജ്ജം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആന്തരിക ഊർജ്ജം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenaga_dalaman" title="Tenaga dalaman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tenaga dalaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Дотоод энерги – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дотоод энерги" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwendige_energie" title="Inwendige energie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Inwendige energie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="内部エネルギー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="内部エネルギー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indre_energi" title="Indre energi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indre energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indre_energi" title="Indre energi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Indre energi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_int%C3%A8rna" title="Energia intèrna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Energia intèrna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichki_energiya" title="Ichki energiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ichki energiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_wewn%C4%99trzna" title="Energia wewnętrzna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Energia wewnętrzna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_interna" title="Energia interna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Energia interna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energie_intern%C4%83" title="Energie internă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Energie internă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Внутренняя энергия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Внутренняя энергия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energjia_e_brendshme" title="Energjia e brendshme – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Energjia e brendshme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vn%C3%BAtorn%C3%A1_energia" title="Vnútorná energia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vnútorná energia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notranja_energija" title="Notranja energija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Notranja energija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="وزەی ناوەکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وزەی ناوەکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutra%C5%A1nja_energija" title="Unutrašnja energija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Unutrašnja energija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unutarnja_energija" title="Unutarnja energija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Unutarnja energija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sis%C3%A4energia" title="Sisäenergia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sisäenergia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inre_energi" title="Inre energi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inre energi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அக ஆற்றல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அக ஆற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7_enerji" title="İç enerji – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İç enerji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Внутрішня енергія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Внутрішня енергія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BB%99i_n%C4%83ng" title="Nội năng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nội năng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%83%BD" title="內能 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="內能" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%83%BD" title="内能 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="内能" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%83%BD" title="內能 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="內能" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%83%BD" title="内能 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="内能" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180241#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, the <b>internal energy</b> of a <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_system" title="Thermodynamic system">thermodynamic system</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Physical_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical body">body</a> with well-defined <a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">boundaries</a>, denoted by <i>U</i>, or sometimes <i>E</i>, is the total of the <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a> due to the motion of <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecules</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Translation_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Translation (physics) (not yet started)">translational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotation" title="Rotation">rotational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscillation" title="Oscillation">vibrational</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Potential_energy" title="Potential energy">potential energy</a> associated with the vibrational and <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electric</a> energy of <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a> within molecules or <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a>. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> in all the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond">chemical bonds</a>, and the energy of the free, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_conduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical conduction">conduction</a> <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metals</a>. </p><p>The internal energy is a <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_potential" title="Thermodynamic potential">thermodynamic potential</a> and for a <a href="/wiki/Closed_system" title="Closed system">closed</a> thermodynamic <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_system" title="Thermodynamic system">system</a> held at constant <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a>, it will be <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_minimum_energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of minimum energy (not yet started)">minimized</a>. </p><p>One can also calculate the internal energy of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Black_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Black body">blackbody</a> radiation. It is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_function&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State function (not yet started)">state function</a> of a <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">system</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extensive_quantity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extensive quantity (not yet started)">extensive quantity</a>. The <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> unit of <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a> although other historical, conventional units are still in use, such as the (small and large) <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calorie</a> for <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a>. (Calories that are on classic food labels are actually kilo-calories.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_energy&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Overview" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_energy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Overview"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Internal</i> energy does not include the translational or rotational kinetic energy of a body <i>as a whole</i>. It also does not include the <a href="/wiki/Special_relativity" title="Special relativity">relativistic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>-energy equivalent <i>E</i> = <i>mc</i><sup>2</sup>. It excludes any potential energy a body may have because of its <a href="/wiki/Dimension" title="Dimension">location</a> in external <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravitational</a> or <a href="/wiki/Electrostatics" title="Electrostatics">electrostatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Field_(physics)" title="Field (physics)">field</a>, although the potential energy it has in a field due to an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrostatic_induction&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrostatic induction (not yet started)">induced</a> electric or <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dipole" title="Dipole">dipole</a> <a href="/wiki/Moment_(physics)" title="Moment (physics)">moment</a> does count, as does the energy of <a href="/wiki/Deformation" title="Deformation">deformation</a> of solids (<a href="/wiki/Stress_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (physics)">stress</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strain_(materials_science)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strain (materials science) (not yet started)">strain</a>). </p><p>The principle of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Equipartition_theorem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equipartition theorem (not yet started)">equipartition of energy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanics</a> states that each molecular <a href="/w/index.php?title=Degrees_of_freedom_(physics_and_chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) (not yet started)">degree of freedom</a> receives 1/2 <i>kT</i> of energy, a result which was modified when <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a> explained certain anomalies; e.g., in the <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">observed</a> <a href="/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific heat capacity">specific heats</a> of crystals (when <i>h</i>ν > <i>kT</i>). For <a href="/wiki/Monatomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monatomic">monatomic</a> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gases</a>, the internal energy consists only of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Translation_(physics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Translation (physics) (not yet started)">translational</a> kinetic energy of the individual atoms. Monatomic particles, of course, do not (sensibly) rotate or vibrate, and are not <a href="/wiki/Energy_level" title="Energy level">electronically excited</a> to higher energies except at very high <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperatures</a>. </p><p>From the standpoint of <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanics</a>, the internal energy is equal to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensemble_average&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensemble average (not yet started)">ensemble average</a> of the total energy of the system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_energy&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internal_energy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlberty,_R._A.2001" class="citation journal cs1">Alberty, R. A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/pdf/7308x1349.pdf">"Use of Legendre transforms in chemical thermodynamics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pure Appl. Chem</i>. <b>73</b> (8): 1349–1380. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200173081349">10.1351/pac200173081349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:98264934">98264934</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Use+of+Legendre+transforms+in+chemical+thermodynamics&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1349-1380&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac200173081349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A98264934%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Alberty%2C+R.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iupac.org%2Fpublications%2Fpac%2F2001%2Fpdf%2F7308x1349.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInternal+energy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_Gilbert_Newton;_Randall,_Merle:_Revised_by_Pitzer,_Kenneth_S._&_Brewer,_Leo1961" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Gilbert Newton; Randall, Merle: Revised by Pitzer, Kenneth S. & Brewer, Leo (1961). <i>Thermodynamics</i> (2nd ed.). New York, NY USA: McGraw-Hill Book Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-113809-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-113809-9"><bdi>0-07-113809-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thermodynamics&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY+USA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Co.&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=0-07-113809-9&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Gilbert+Newton%3B+Randall%2C+Merle%3A+Revised+by+Pitzer%2C+Kenneth+S.+%26+Brewer%2C+Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInternal+energy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLandauLifshitz,_E._M.1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau, L. D.</a>; Lifshitz, E. M. (1986). <i>Theory of Elasticity (Course of Theoretical Physics Volume 7)</i>. (Translated from Russian by J.B. Sykes and W.H. Reid) (Third ed.). Boston, MA: Butterworth Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7506-2633-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7506-2633-X"><bdi>0-7506-2633-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+of+Elasticity+%28Course+of+Theoretical+Physics+Volume+7%29&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Butterworth+Heinemann&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-7506-2633-X&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=L.+D.&rft.au=Lifshitz%2C+E.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInternal+energy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internal_energy&oldid=8050059">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internal_energy&oldid=8050059</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thermodynamics" title="Category:Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mechanics" title="Category:Mechanics">Mechanics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy" title="Category:Energy">Energy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 22 February 2022, at 19:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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