CINXE.COM
Trial film - Wikipedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Trial film - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1fa79586-f12d-4ca0-8bff-3948f56a0ea6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Trial_film","wgTitle":"Trial film","wgCurRevisionId":1252754838,"wgRevisionId":1252754838,"wgArticleId":14354334,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Courtroom films","Drama","Film genres","Legal films by genre","Works about law enforcement"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Trial_film","wgRelevantArticleId":14354334,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject" :"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3072039","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Trial film - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_film"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_film"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Trial_film rootpage-Trial_film skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Trial+film" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Trial+film" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Trial+film" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Trial+film" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notable films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_trial_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_trial_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Military trial films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_trial_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_trial_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_trial_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Religious trial films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_trial_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_trial_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_trial_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Historical trial films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_trial_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Comedies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trial film</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerichtsfilm" title="Gerichtsfilm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerichtsfilm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_de_proc%C3%A8s" title="Film de procès – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Film de procès" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_giudiziario" title="Film giudiziario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Film giudiziario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D9%87" title="فيلم محاكمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيلم محاكمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_de_proces" title="Film de proces – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Film de proces" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3072039#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Trial_film" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trial_film"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Trial_film"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Trial_film" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Trial_film" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&oldid=1252754838" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Trial_film&id=1252754838&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrial_film"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTrial_film"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Trial_film&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3072039" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre</div> <p><b>Trial film</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">subgenre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">legal/courtroom drama</a> that encompasses films that are centered on a <a href="/wiki/Civil_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil trial">civil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Criminal_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal trial">criminal</a> <a href="/wiki/Trial" title="Trial">trial</a>, typically a <a href="/wiki/Trial_by_jury" class="mw-redirect" title="Trial by jury">trial by jury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trial genre differs from the broader courtroom drama in that the latter includes any film in which a <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_legal_systems" title="List of national legal systems">justice system</a> plays an integral role in the film's narrative, and thus does not necessarily require the inclusion of a legal trial.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_films">Notable films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notable films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> rated the 12 best trial films of all time in their <i><a href="/wiki/ABA_Journal" title="ABA Journal">ABA Journal</a></i>, providing a detailed and reasoned legal evaluation for its choices. Ten of the films are in English; <i><a href="/wiki/M_(1931_film)" title="M (1931 film)">M</a></i> (1931) is in German and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Passion of Joan of Arc">The Passion of Joan of Arc</a></i> (1928) is a French silent film. Moreover, ten of them take place (at least, in part) in a courtroom.<sup id="cite_ref-aba-list_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aba-list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> compiled its own "courtroom drama" top-ten list, five films of which were also on the ABA list.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ABA also published a list of the 12 best trial stageplays, noting that the transition from film to the stage is sometimes difficult. It also has an extensive honorable mention list.<sup id="cite_ref-Schachner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schachner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Release year </th> <th>Top ten list<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aba-list_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aba-list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/12_Angry_Men_(1957_film)" title="12 Angry Men (1957 film)">12 Angry Men</a></i></td> <td>1957 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> (ABA); <p><a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> (AFI) </p> </td> <td>Nominated for 3 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cry_in_the_Dark" class="mw-redirect" title="A Cry in the Dark">A Cry in the Dark</a></i> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>AFI</td> <td>Nominated for an Academy Award, based on a real trial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Few_Good_Men" title="A Few Good Men">A Few Good Men</a></i> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>AFI </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a></i></td> <td>1966 </td> <td>ABA and AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 8 Academy Awards, winning 6.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on a real trial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/In_Cold_Blood_(film)" title="In Cold Blood (film)">In Cold Blood</a></i> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 4 Academy Awards. Based on a real trial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_a_Murder" title="Anatomy of a Murder">Anatomy of a Murder</a></i></td> <td>1959 </td> <td>ABA and AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 7 Academy Awards. Based on a real trial.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i></td> <td>1960 </td> <td>ABA and AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 4 Academy Awards. Based on a real trial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Judgment_at_Nuremberg" title="Judgment at Nuremberg">Judgment at Nuremberg</a></i></td> <td>1961 </td> <td>ABA </td> <td>Nominated for 11 Academy Awards, winning 2. Based on a <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">real trial</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a></i> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 9 Academy Awards, winning 5 of them. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/M_(1931_film)" title="M (1931 film)">M</a></i></td> <td>1931 </td> <td>ABA </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Paths_of_Glory" title="Paths of Glory">Paths of Glory</a></i></td> <td>1957 </td> <td>ABA </td> <td>Based on a real court-martial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Passion of Joan of Arc">The Passion of Joan of Arc</a></i></td> <td>1928 </td> <td>ABA </td> <td>Based on a real trial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(1962_film)" title="The Trial (1962 film)">The Trial</a></i></td> <td>1962 </td> <td>ABA </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wrong_Man" title="The Wrong Man">The Wrong Man</a></i></td> <td>1957 </td> <td>ABA </td> <td>Based on a real trial. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird_(film)" title="To Kill a Mockingbird (film)">To Kill a Mockingbird</a></i></td> <td>1962 </td> <td>ABA and AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 8 Academy Awards, winning 3.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Verdict" title="The Verdict">The Verdict</a></i></td> <td>1982 </td> <td>ABA and AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 5 Academy Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Witness_for_the_Prosecution_(1957_film)" title="Witness for the Prosecution (1957 film)">Witness for the Prosecution</a></i> </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>AFI</td> <td>Nominated for 6 Academy Awards. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from the first few minutes of the film, <i><a href="/wiki/12_Angry_Men_(1957_film)" title="12 Angry Men (1957 film)">12 Angry Men</a></i> (1957) does not take place in a courtroom. It views the particular case and the system of justice through the prism of <a href="/wiki/Jury_deliberations" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury deliberations">jury deliberations</a>. The film explains practical explications of legal concepts basic to the American system of justice, and their effect on a particular trial and defendant. Those include the <a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence" title="Presumption of innocence">presumption of innocence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legal_burden_of_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal burden of proof">burden of proof</a>, and the requirement of proof <a href="/wiki/Beyond_a_reasonable_doubt" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyond a reasonable doubt">beyond a reasonable doubt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aba-list_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aba-list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trial in <i><a href="/wiki/M_(1931_film)" title="M (1931 film)">M</a></i> (1931) does not take place in a legal courtroom; rather, crime syndicate leaders along with the city's underground hold proceedings in a warehouse. Despite the lack of legal trappings, "it is one of the most effective trials ever filmed, questioning our notions of justice and revenge, <a href="/wiki/Mob_rule" title="Mob rule">mob rule</a> and order, power and responsibility." Wearing long leather coats instead of robes, criminals become judges. The murderer is cast as the victim, while the forces of law and order must rely on luck. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lorre" title="Peter Lorre">Peter Lorre</a> strikingly raises the issue of his culpability due to alleged insanity, and the imposition of ultimate retributive justice is depicted as being unsatisfying for society and the survivors of the murdered victims.<sup id="cite_ref-aba-list_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aba-list-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Courtroom films are typically <a href="/wiki/Drama_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama films">dramas</a>, but there have been several <a href="/wiki/Comedy_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy films">comedy films</a> centering around trials, including <i><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_Rib" title="Adam's Rib">Adam's Rib</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Vinny" title="My Cousin Vinny">My Cousin Vinny</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde">Legally Blonde</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_trial_films">Military trial films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Military trial films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>military trial film</b> is a subtype of the trial genre that focuses on military trials (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">court-martial</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-afi.com_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They typically include conflicting questions of loyalty, command responsibility, ethical rules and rules of engagement, obedience to superior authority, politics and class conflict. <a href="/wiki/War_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="War movies">War</a> and trials are good foils for one another. The struggles are perennial and engaging. A partial list includes: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Release year</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny_(1954_film)" title="The Caine Mutiny (1954 film)">The Caine Mutiny</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1954</td> <td>climaxes in a strongly contested court martial, and a particularly dynamic <a href="/wiki/Cross-examination" title="Cross-examination">cross-examination</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Captain_Queeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Queeg">Captain Queeg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>) acts out one of film's most dramatic meltdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was nominated for 7 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Paths_of_Glory" title="Paths of Glory">Paths of Glory</a></i></td> <td>1957</td> <td>black and white depiction of a corrupt <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> French court martial leading to a firing squad, and a 'futility of war' conclusion. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> as the failed defense attorney. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Town_Without_Pity" title="Town Without Pity">Town Without Pity</a></i></td> <td>1961</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> were nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> for the theme song, "<a href="/wiki/Town_Without_Pity_(song)" title="Town Without Pity (song)">Town Without Pity</a>", which was sung by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Pitney" title="Gene Pitney">Gene Pitney</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/King_and_Country" title="King and Country">King and Country</a></i></td> <td>1964</td> <td>In the trenches in France during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, a British captain (<a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a>) has to defend a <a href="/wiki/Shell_shock" title="Shell shock">shell-shocked</a> private (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a>), who is charged with desertion. The film was directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Breaker_Morant_(film)" title="Breaker Morant (film)">Breaker Morant</a></i></td> <td>1980</td> <td>a court martial of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> soldiers, including <a href="/wiki/Harry_%27Breaker%27_Morant" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry 'Breaker' Morant">Harry 'Breaker' Morant</a>, by their British commanders in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. The film details the tribulations of the defense counsel and the defendants, as they try to throw a wrench into the administrative gears of <a href="/wiki/Court_martial_of_Breaker_Morant" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial of Breaker Morant">Morant's court martial</a>. Anticipating the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a> and the defense of "<a href="/wiki/Superior_orders" title="Superior orders">superior orders</a>", the soldiers' main defense is that they were doing their duty as they understood it, and following orders and policy from above. Nevertheless, this "<a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_court" title="Kangaroo court">kangaroo court</a>" moves to its inevitable conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was nominated for an Academy Award. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Few_Good_Men" title="A Few Good Men">A Few Good Men</a></i></td> <td>1992</td> <td>released after the ABA's list was compiled, the film contains the famous "<a href="/wiki/You_can%27t_handle_the_truth" class="mw-redirect" title="You can't handle the truth">You can't handle the truth</a>" exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was adapted from a Broadway play written by <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> (who also wrote the screenplay), and acted by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_Engagement_(film)" title="Rules of Engagement (film)">Rules of Engagement</a></i></td> <td>2000</td> <td>Marine Colonel Terry Childers (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a>) is brought to court-martial on charges of disobeying the <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">rules of engagement</a> in a military incident at an American embassy in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, with flashbacks to <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Shaurya" title="Shaurya">Shaurya</a></i></td> <td>2008</td> <td>a <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Hindi-language film</a> based on the backdrop of the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a>, and directed by Samar Khan starring <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Bose" title="Rahul Bose">Rahul Bose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kay_Kay_Menon" title="Kay Kay Menon">Kay Kay Menon</a> in lead roles. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Melvilasom" title="Melvilasom">Melvilasom</a></i></td> <td>2011</td> <td>a <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam-language film</a> based on Soorya Krishna Moorthy's stage play of the same name, which itself was based on the play <i>Court Martial</i> by <a href="/wiki/Swadesh_Deepak" title="Swadesh Deepak">Swadesh Deepak</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/American_Traitor:_The_Trial_of_Axis_Sally" title="American Traitor: The Trial of Axis Sally">American Traitor: The Trial of Axis Sally</a></i></td> <td>2021</td> <td>It is based on the life of <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gillars" title="Mildred Gillars">Mildred Gillars</a>, an American singer and actor who during World War II broadcast Nazi propaganda to US troops and their families back home. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_trial_films">Religious trial films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religious trial films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/God_on_Trial" title="God on Trial">God on Trial</a></i> (2008) is a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>/<a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH Boston</a> television play that takes place in <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Jewish prisoners <a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_against_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawsuits against God">put God on trial</a> <a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia"><i>in absentia</i></a> for abandoning the Jewish people by allowing Nazi Germany to commit <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_the_Christ" title="The Passion of the Christ">The Passion of the Christ</a></i> (2004), in which Jesus Christ (played by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Caviezel" title="Jim Caviezel">Jim Caviezel</a>) is alternately tried by <a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> and ultimately executed by Pilate. Nominated for three Academy Awards.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Daniel_Webster_(film)" title="The Devil and Daniel Webster (film)">The Devil and Daniel Webster</a></i> (1941) features <a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a> as the Devil arguing for a man's soul. Huston was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor in a Leading Role</a> <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Sheba" title="Solomon and Sheba">Solomon and Sheba</a></i> (1959) portrays the famous <a href="/wiki/Judgment_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment of Solomon">Judgment of Solomon</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Sued_God" title="The Man Who Sued God">The Man Who Sued God</a></i> (2001), an Australian film starring <a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> who takes God (represented by the church) to court for compensation over the destruction of his fishing boat due to an "<a href="/wiki/Act_of_God" title="Act of God">act of God</a>".</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" title="Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind</a></i> (1960), starring <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a>, is an American film set in a small religious town where a teacher begins to teach <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>, and goes to court for his right to teach such.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="The Trial of Joan of Arc">The Trial of Joan of Arc</a></i>, a 1962 French historical drama film</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Exorcism_of_Emily_Rose" title="The Exorcism of Emily Rose">The Exorcism of Emily Rose</a></i> (2005), directed by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Derrickson" title="Scott Derrickson">Scott Derrickson</a>, is an American courtroom drama horror film loosely based on the story of <a href="/wiki/Anneliese_Michel" title="Anneliese Michel">Anneliese Michel</a>. It follows a self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a> defense lawyer representing a <a href="/wiki/Parish_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish priest">parish priest</a> who is accused by the state of <a href="/wiki/Negligent_homicide" title="Negligent homicide">negligent homicide</a> after he performed an <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">exorcism</a>. The film, which largely takes place in a courtroom, depicts the events leading up to and including the exorcism through flashbacks.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crucible" title="The Crucible">The Crucible</a></i> (1996) is a drama film written by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> and based on his play of the same name, loosely dramatising the <a href="/wiki/Salem_witch_trials" title="Salem witch trials">Salem witch trials</a>. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> and stars <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> as <a href="/wiki/John_Proctor_(Salem_witch_trials)" title="John Proctor (Salem witch trials)">John Proctor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winona_Ryder" title="Winona Ryder">Winona Ryder</a> as <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Williams_(Salem_witch_trials)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abigail Williams (Salem witch trials)">Abigail Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> as Judge <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Danforth" title="Thomas Danforth">Thomas Danforth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Allen" title="Joan Allen">Joan Allen</a> as <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Proctor" title="Elizabeth Proctor">Elizabeth Proctor</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_trial_films">Historical trial films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historical trial films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historical trial films are noted for frequently taking dramatic liberties with historical accounts for the purposes of simplifying the storyline, exaggerating dramatic effects, or pressing a point with the audience. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_American_Tragedy_(film)" title="An American Tragedy (film)">An American Tragedy</a></i>, a 1931 drama directed by <a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Josef von Sternberg</a>, based on the historic 1906 <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Grace_Brown" title="Murder of Grace Brown">murder of Grace Brown</a> by <a href="/wiki/Chester_Gillette" title="Chester Gillette">Chester Gillette</a> at Big Moose Lake in upstate New York.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_Shark_Island" title="The Prisoner of Shark Island">The Prisoner of Shark Island</a></i>, a 1936 biopic directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>, loosely based on the life of Maryland physician <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Mudd" title="Samuel Mudd">Samuel Mudd</a>, who treated the injured presidential assassin <a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a> and later spent time in prison after his controversial conviction for being one of Booth's accomplices.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Won%27t_Forget" title="They Won't Forget">They Won't Forget</a></i>, a 1937 drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a>, providing a fictionalized account of the trial and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a> of <a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Leo Frank</a> after the murder of Mary Phagan in 1913.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Mr._Lincoln" title="Young Mr. Lincoln">Young Mr. Lincoln</a></i>, a 1939 biopic of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> directed by John Ford.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letter_(1940_film)" title="The Letter (1940 film)">The Letter</a></i>, a 1940 film directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Proudlock_case" title="Ethel Proudlock case">Ethel Proudlock case</a>, a real-life scandal involving the Eurasian wife of the headmaster of a school in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> who was convicted in a murder trial after shooting dead a male friend.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(1947_film)" title="Boomerang (1947 film)">Boomerang</a></i>, a 1947 American crime semidocumentary film based on the true story of a vagrant (<a href="/wiki/Harold_Israel" title="Harold Israel">Harold Israel</a> in real life, John Waldron in the film) accused of murdering a clergyman.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_in_the_Red_Velvet_Swing" title="The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing">The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing</a></i>, a 1955 American fictionalized account of model and actress <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Nesbit" title="Evelyn Nesbit">Evelyn Nesbit</a>, who became embroiled in the scandal surrounding the June 1906 murder of her paramour, architect <a href="/wiki/Stanford_White" title="Stanford White">Stanford White</a>, by her husband, rail and coal tycoon <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kendall_Thaw" title="Harry Kendall Thaw">Harry Kendall Thaw</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Accused_(1988_film)" title="The Accused (1988 film)">The Accused</a></i> (1988), a legal drama starring <a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a>, loosely based on the 1983 gang rape case of <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Araujo" title="Cheryl Araujo">Cheryl Araujo</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JFK_(film)" title="JFK (film)">JFK</a></i> (1991) is an American <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_fiction" title="Conspiracy fiction">conspiracy</a>-<a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller film</a> that examines the events leading to the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>, and it alleged cover-up, through the eyes of former <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> district attorney <a href="/wiki/Jim_Garrison" title="Jim Garrison">Jim Garrison</a>. The film culminates in the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Clay_Shaw" title="Trial of Clay Shaw">1969 trial</a> of businessman <a href="/wiki/Clay_Shaw" title="Clay Shaw">Clay Shaw</a> for his alleged participation in a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_to_murder" title="Conspiracy to murder">conspiracy to assassinate</a> the president.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_the_Father_(film)" title="In the Name of the Father (film)">In the Name of the Father</a></i>, a 1993 <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical</a> <a href="/wiki/Crime_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime drama">crime drama</a> film based on the true story of the <a href="/wiki/Guildford_Four_and_Maguire_Seven#Guildford_Four" title="Guildford Four and Maguire Seven">Guildford Four</a>, four people falsely convicted of the 1974 <a href="/wiki/Guildford_pub_bombings" title="Guildford pub bombings">Guildford pub bombings</a> that killed four off-duty British soldiers and a civilian.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_the_First_(film)" title="Murder in the First (film)">Murder in the First</a></i>, a 1995 American legal drama that tells the alternate history of a petty criminal named <a href="/wiki/Henri_Young" title="Henri Young">Henri Young</a> who is sent to Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary and later put on trial for murder in the first degree</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amistad_(film)" title="Amistad (film)">Amistad</a></i> (1997) is a <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">historical drama</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, based on the true story of an uprising in 1839 by newly-captured African slaves that took place aboard the ship <i><a href="/wiki/La_Amistad" title="La Amistad">La Amistad</a></i> off the coast of Cuba, the subsequent voyage to the northeastern United States, and the legal battle that followed their capture by a U.S. <a href="/wiki/Revenue_cutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue cutter">revenue cutter</a>. It was nominated for four <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Civil_Action_(film)" title="A Civil Action (film)">A Civil Action</a></i> (1998) is a film based on the 1996 <a href="/wiki/Nonfiction_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfiction novel">nonfiction novel</a> of <a href="/wiki/A_Civil_Action" title="A Civil Action">the same name</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a>, the latter having been nominated for Best Supporting Actor for the film.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Find_Me_Guilty" title="Find Me Guilty">Find Me Guilty</a></i>, a 2006 comedy-drama based on the true story of the trial of <a href="/wiki/Jackie_DiNorscio" title="Jackie DiNorscio">Jackie DiNorscio</a>, the longest Mafia trial in American history.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flash_of_Genius_(film)" title="Flash of Genius (film)">Flash of Genius</a></i>, a 2008 American biographical drama film focusing on <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kearns" title="Robert Kearns">Robert Kearns</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Greg_Kinnear" title="Greg Kinnear">Greg Kinnear</a>) and his legal battle against the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> after they developed an intermittent windshield wiper based on Kearns' patented invention.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernie_(2011_film)" title="Bernie (2011 film)">Bernie</a></i> (2011) is a <a href="/wiki/Black_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Comedy">black comedy</a> film based on the real-life 1996 murder of 81-year-old millionaire Marjorie Nugent in <a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Texas" title="Carthage, Texas">Carthage, Texas</a> by her companion <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Tiede" title="Bernie Tiede">Bernhardt "Bernie" Tiede</a>. Tiede having been extremely well-liked in his local community, the film explores the trial process and the popular support he received, which caused great difficulties for the prosecution.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gosnell:_The_Trial_of_America%27s_Biggest_Serial_Killer" title="Gosnell: The Trial of America's Biggest Serial Killer">Gosnell: The Trial of America's Biggest Serial Killer</a></i>, a 2018 American drama film based on real life events about <a href="/wiki/Kermit_Gosnell" title="Kermit Gosnell">Kermit Gosnell</a>, a physician and highly atypical <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> provider who was convicted of <a href="/wiki/First_degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="First degree murder">first degree murder</a> in the deaths of three infants <a href="/wiki/Live_birth_(human)" title="Live birth (human)">born alive</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_the_Chicago_7" title="The Trial of the Chicago 7">The Trial of the Chicago 7</a></i> (2020) is a legal drama focused on the trial of the so-called '<a href="/wiki/Chicago_Seven" title="Chicago Seven">Chicago Seven</a>' in the late 1960s to early 1970.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedies">Comedies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Comedies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Judge_Priest" title="Judge Priest">Judge Priest</a></i>, a 1934 <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers" title="Will Rogers">Will Rogers</a> comedy directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roxie_Hart_(film)" title="Roxie Hart (film)">Roxie Hart</a></i>, 1942 comedy directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Wellman" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wellman">William Wellman</a>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_34th_Street" title="Miracle on 34th Street">Miracle on 34th Street</a></i> (1947) Kris Kringle (<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gwenn" title="Edmund Gwenn">Edmund Gwenn</a>) has his sanity examined at a hearing. The film won 4 Academy Awards, with Gwenn winning for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. The film was also nominated for Best Picture.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_Rib" title="Adam's Rib">Adam's Rib</a></i>, a 1949 comedy directed by <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divorce_Italian_Style" title="Divorce Italian Style">Divorce Italian Style</a></i>, a 1961 comedy-drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibar_Feyzo" title="Kibar Feyzo">Kibar Feyzo</a></i> (1978) is a Turkish comedy drama film starring <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCjde_Ar" title="Müjde Ar">Müjde Ar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adile_Na%C5%9Fit" title="Adile Naşit">Adile Naşit</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Y%C3%BCce" title="İhsan Yüce">İhsan Yüce</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lyas_Salman" title="İlyas Salman">İlyas Salman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C3%96zya%C4%9Fc%C4%B1lar" title="Erdal Özyağcılar">Erdal Özyağcılar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_the_Hip_(film)" title="From the Hip (film)">From the Hip</a></i> (1987) is a Comedy Drama starring <a href="/wiki/Judd_Nelson" title="Judd Nelson">Judd Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Perkins" title="Elizabeth Perkins">Elizabeth Perkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Walston" title="Ray Walston">Ray Walston</a> about a first year lawyer manipulating his way into trying a case much earlier in his career than is normal. Much of the humor took place in the first case, a simple assault case in which he garnered significant media attention and developed a high profile for himself and attention to his firm. The more dramatic second case was a murder case which tested the young attorney's ethics.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fish_Called_Wanda" title="A Fish Called Wanda">A Fish Called Wanda</a></i>, a 1988 heist comedy film following a gang of diamond thieves who double-cross one another to recover stolen diamonds hidden by their jailed leader. In an effort to locate the diamonds, one of the thieves seduces the barrister defending the leader.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_Vinny" title="My Cousin Vinny">My Cousin Vinny</a></i>, a 1992 comedy film about an inexperienced <a href="/wiki/Personal_injury_lawyer" title="Personal injury lawyer">personal injury lawyer</a> who is hired to represent his cousin and the cousin's friend, who have been put on trial for a murder they did not commit.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liar_Liar" title="Liar Liar">Liar Liar</a></i>, a 1997 American satirical fantasy comedy film starring Jim Carrey as a lawyer who built his entire career on lying but finds himself cursed to speak only the truth for a single day.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legally_Blonde" title="Legally Blonde">Legally Blonde</a></i>, a 2001 American romantic comedy film about a sorority girl who attempts to win back her ex-boyfriend by following him to Harvard Law School, culminating in her defending a fellow sorority member on trial for murder.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)" title="Chicago (2002 film)">Chicago</a></i>, a 2002 satirical musical comedy film adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_(musical)" title="Chicago (musical)">1975 stage musical of the same name</a>, centered on the fictional cause célèbre trial of a woman who killed her paramour.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_examples">Other examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fury_(1936_film)" title="Fury (1936 film)">Fury</a></i>, a 1936 drama directed by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Deeds_Goes_to_Town" title="Mr. Deeds Goes to Town">Mr. Deeds Goes to Town</a></i>, a 1936 film by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Frank_James" title="The Return of Frank James">The Return of Frank James</a></i>, a 1940 western directed by Fritz Lang.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_Daniel_Webster_(film)" title="The Devil and Daniel Webster (film)">The Devil and Daniel Webster</a></i>, a 1941 fantasy film directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Dieterle" title="William Dieterle">William Dieterle</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ox-Bow_Incident" title="The Ox-Bow Incident">The Ox-Bow Incident</a></i>, unusual in that the trial does not take place in a formal court room, but is a vote among a posse that turns into a lynch mob. Directed by William A. Wellman, and starring <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (who also starred in <i><a href="/wiki/12_Angry_Men_(1957_film)" title="12 Angry Men (1957 film)">Twelve Angry Men</a></i>). It was nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Best Picture Oscar</a> in 1943.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leave_Her_to_Heaven" title="Leave Her to Heaven">Leave Her to Heaven</a></i>, a 1945 film noir directed by <a href="/wiki/John_M._Stahl" title="John M. Stahl">John M. Stahl</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_from_Shanghai" title="The Lady from Shanghai">The Lady from Shanghai</a></i>, a 1947 film noir directed and starring <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Paradine_Case" title="The Paradine Case">The Paradine Case</a></i>, a 1947 film noir directed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pinky_(film)" title="Pinky (film)">Pinky</a></i>, a 1949 film directed by <a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knock_on_Any_Door" title="Knock on Any Door">Knock on Any Door</a></i>, a 1949 American courtroom trial film noir directed by Nicholas Ray and starring Humphrey Bogart.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i>, a 1950 film directed by <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Place_in_the_Sun_(1951_film)" title="A Place in the Sun (1951 film)">A Place in the Sun</a></i>, a 1951 drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Shines_Bright" title="The Sun Shines Bright">The Sun Shines Bright</a></i>, 1953 remake directed by John Ford.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phenix_City_Story" title="The Phenix City Story">The Phenix City Story</a></i>, a 1955 film noir crime film directed by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Karlson" title="Phil Karlson">Phil Karlson</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trial_(film)" title="Trial (film)">Trial</a></i>, a 1955 American drama film about a Mexican boy accused of rape and murder; originally victimized by prejudiced accusers, he becomes a pawn of his communist defender, whose propaganda purposes would be best served by a verdict of guilty.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tattered_Dress" title="The Tattered Dress">The Tattered Dress</a></i>, a 1957 film noir crime film centering on two trials, the first of a wealthy man charged with a murder, and the second of the wealthy man's defense attorney, who is framed for bribing a juror in the first case.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunman%27s_Walk" title="Gunman's Walk">Gunman's Walk</a></i>, a 1958 western directed by Phil Karlson.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Confess_(film)" title="I Confess (film)">I Confess</a></i>, a 1953 American <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Mary_Deare_(film)" title="The Wreck of the Mary Deare (film)">The Wreck of the Mary Deare</a></i> is told in flashbacks as witnesses give their account of a story during an <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a> proceeding.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compulsion_(1959_film)" title="Compulsion (1959 film)">Compulsion</a></i>, a 1959 film directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleischer" title="Richard Fleischer">Richard Fleischer</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_Rutledge" title="Sergeant Rutledge">Sergeant Rutledge</a></i>, a 1960 western directed by John Ford.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Started_in_Naples" title="It Started in Naples">It Started in Naples</a></i>, a 1960 film directed by <a href="/wiki/Melville_Shavelson" title="Melville Shavelson">Melville Shavelson</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_(film)" title="La Vérité (film)">La Vérité</a></i>, a 1960 film directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri-Georges_Clouzot" title="Henri-Georges Clouzot">Henri-Georges Clouzot</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_(1962_British_film)" title="The Boys (1962 British film)">The Boys</a></i>, a 1962 British courtroom drama film revolving around four teenagers trial for the murder of a garage night watchman in the course of a burglary</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Shot_Liberty_Valance" title="The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance">The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance</a></i>, a 1962 western directed by John Ford.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Wave" title="The Last Wave">The Last Wave</a></i> (released in the United States as <i><b>Black Rain</b></i>), a 1977 Australian mystery drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WVrev_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WVrev-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about a white solicitor in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> whose seemingly normal life is disrupted after he takes on a murder case and discovers that he shares a strange, mystical connection with the small group of local <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal people</a> accused of the crime.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(film)" title="...And Justice for All (film)">...And Justice for All</a></i> (1979), directed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a> and nominated for 2 Academy Awards, examines the flawed and human, <a href="/wiki/Venality" title="Venality">venal</a>, and immoral side of justice, focusing on all-too-human judges. As <a href="/wiki/Norman_Webster" title="Norman Webster">Norman Webster</a> wrote, the film "is a sweeping – and somewhat simple-minded – indictment of the American justice system." The film can be seen from the perspective of Judicial Qualifications Commissions (also known as Judicial Tenure Commissions), which are judicial agencies charged with overseeing judicial performance and conduct. From that end, the indictment of the courts and judicial system (and the examples) are not so outlandish as might be supposed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starred <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Warden" title="Jack Warden">Jack Warden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Forsythe" title="John Forsythe">John Forsythe</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suspect_(1987_film)" title="Suspect (1987 film)">Suspect</a></i>, a 1987 American legal <a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">mystery</a> <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller film</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> as Kathleen Riley, a beleaguered D.C. <a href="/wiki/Public_defender" title="Public defender">public defender</a> assigned to represent homeless veteran Carl Wayne Anderson (<a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a>) accused of a murder because he was seen sleeping in the victim's car the night of her murder.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_(film)" title="Music Box (film)">Music Box</a></i>, a 1989 film about a <a href="/wiki/Hungarian-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian-American">Hungarian-American</a> immigrant accused of having been a <a href="/wiki/War_criminal" class="mw-redirect" title="War criminal">war criminal</a>, and defended by his daughter, an <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">attorney</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presumed_Innocent_(film)" title="Presumed Innocent (film)">Presumed Innocent</a></i> (1990) is a film directed by <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a>, adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Presumed_Innocent_(novel)" title="Presumed Innocent (novel)">novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Turow" title="Scott Turow">Scott Turow</a>, in which an assistant district attorney (<a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>) is on trial, framed for the murder of another assistant DA (<a href="/wiki/Greta_Scacchi" title="Greta Scacchi">Greta Scacchi</a>). The film received several nominations for its screenplay, written by <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Q_%26_A_(film)" title="Q & A (film)">Q & A</a></i>, a 1990 American <a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">crime film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a>, based on a novel by <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Supreme Court">New York State Supreme Court</a> judge <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Torres_(judge)" title="Edwin Torres (judge)">Edwin Torres</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(1993_film)" title="The Trial (1993 film)">The Trial</a></i>, a 1993 British film directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Hugh_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hugh Jones">David Hugh Jones</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Kyle_MacLachlan" title="Kyle MacLachlan">Kyle MacLachlan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sommersby" title="Sommersby">Sommersby</a></i>, a 1993 American period romantic drama directed by Jon Amiel set in the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Client_(1994_film)" title="The Client (1994 film)">The Client</a></i> a 1994 <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">legal thriller</a> <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Joel_Schumacher" title="Joel Schumacher">Joel Schumacher</a>, and starring <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brad_Renfro" title="Brad Renfro">Brad Renfro</a> in his film debut. It is based on the <a href="/wiki/The_Client_(novel)" title="The Client (novel)">novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Grisham" title="John Grisham">John Grisham</a>. The film was released in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on July 20, 1994. The movie features an all star cast. Sarandon nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a> and won a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Primal_Fear_(film)" title="Primal Fear (film)">Primal Fear</a></i> (1996) is a film, directed by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Hoblit" title="Gregory Hoblit">Gregory Hoblit</a>, that tells a story of a defense attorney (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a>) who defends an <a href="/wiki/Altar_boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar boy">altar boy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton" title="Edward Norton">Edward Norton</a>) charged with the murder of a Catholic archbishop. The film is an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/William_Diehl" title="William Diehl">William Diehl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Primal_Fear_(novel)" title="Primal Fear (novel)">novel of the same name</a>. Norton was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor</a> for his career-launching role.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Kill_(1996_film)" title="A Time to Kill (1996 film)">A Time to Kill</a></i> (1996) is a feature film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/John_Grisham" title="John Grisham">John Grisham</a>'s 1989 legal drama <a href="/wiki/A_Time_to_Kill_(Grisham_novel)" title="A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)">of the same name</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Juror" title="The Juror">The Juror</a></i>, a 1996 American <a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">legal thriller</a> film starring <a href="/wiki/Demi_Moore" title="Demi Moore">Demi Moore</a> as a single mother picked for jury duty for a <a href="/wiki/American_mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="American mafia">mafia</a> trial, and <a href="/wiki/Alec_Baldwin" title="Alec Baldwin">Alec Baldwin</a> as a mobster sent to intimidate her.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rainmaker_(1997_film)" title="The Rainmaker (1997 film)">The Rainmaker</a></i> (1997) is a feature film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/John_Grisham" title="John Grisham">John Grisham</a>'s 1995 legal thriller <a href="/wiki/The_Rainmaker_(novel)" title="The Rainmaker (novel)">of the same name</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Danes" title="Claire Danes">Claire Danes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kay_Place" title="Mary Kay Place">Mary Kay Place</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rourke" title="Mickey Rourke">Mickey Rourke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_DeVito" title="Danny DeVito">Danny DeVito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Glover" title="Danny Glover">Danny Glover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Scheider" title="Roy Scheider">Roy Scheider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Madsen" title="Virginia Madsen">Virginia Madsen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Wright" title="Teresa Wright">Teresa Wright</a> in her final film role.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Runaway_Jury" title="Runaway Jury">Runaway Jury</a></i>, a 2003 American film adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/John_Grisham" title="John Grisham">John Grisham</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Runaway_Jury" title="The Runaway Jury">The Runaway Jury</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the film pits lawyer Wendell Rohr (<a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a>) against shady jury consultant Rankin Fitch (<a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a>), who uses unlawful means to stack the jury with people sympathetic to the defense.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fracture_(2007_film)" title="Fracture (2007 film)">Fracture</a></i>, a 2007 psychological legal crime thriller film.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(2010_film)" title="The Trial (2010 film)">The Trial</a></i>, a 2010 drama film based on the novel of the same name by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Whitlow" title="Robert Whitlow">Robert Whitlow</a>, centered on a murder trial.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lincoln_Lawyer_(film)" title="The Lincoln Lawyer (film)">The Lincoln Lawyer</a></i>, a 2011 American legal thriller film starring Matthew McConaughey as an attorney who typically defends low-end criminals</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Judge_(2014_film)" title="The Judge (2014 film)">The Judge</a></i>, a 2014 American legal drama film starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> as a hotshot lawyer defending his father, an aging judge played by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Duvall" title="Robert Duvall">Robert Duvall</a>, against a vehicular manslaughter charge.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(2014_film)" title="The Trial (2014 film)">The Trial</a></i> (2014) is a <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a> legal drama film that tells the story of a mentally handicapped man who is accused of rape by the family of a teacher on whom he has a crush. It stars <a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Cruz" title="John Lloyd Cruz">John Lloyd Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessy_Mendiola" title="Jessy Mendiola">Jessy Mendiola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Barretto" title="Gretchen Barretto">Gretchen Barretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gomez" title="Richard Gomez">Richard Gomez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Gil" title="Enrique Gil">Enrique Gil</a>, and was produced by <a href="/wiki/Star_Cinema" title="Star Cinema">Star Cinema</a> as part of their 20th anniversary offering.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Trial_(film)" title="New Trial (film)">New Trial</a></i> (2017) a South Korean drama film written and directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Tae-yoon_(film_and_television_director)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Tae-yoon (film and television director) (page does not exist)">Kim Tae-yoon</a>, starring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jung_Wo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jung Wo (page does not exist)">Jung Wo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joker:_Folie_%C3%A0_Deux" title="Joker: Folie à Deux">Joker: Folie à Deux</a></i>, a 2024 American jukebox musical psychological thriller film directed by Todd Phillips and starring Joaquin Phoenix and Lady Gaga, loosely based on DC Comics characters. It is the sequel to the 2019 film, <i>Joker</i>, and centers on the criminal trial for the events of the former film.</li></ul> <ul><li>Other films named <a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(disambiguation)#Other_films" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Trial (disambiguation)"><i>The Trial</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Andersonville_Trial" title="The Andersonville Trial">The Andersonville Trial</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rafter, Nicole. 2001. "American Criminal Trial Films: An Overview of Their Development, 1930–2000". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Law_and_Society" title="Journal of Law and Society">Journal of Law and Society</a></i> 28(1):9–24. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3657944">3657944</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afi.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi.com_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/10top10/category.aspx?cat=9">"American Film Institute, Court Room drama top ten"</a>. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Film+Institute%2C+Court+Room+drama+top+ten&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2F10top10%2Fcategory.aspx%3Fcat%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aba-list-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aba-list_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aba-list_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aba-list_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aba-list_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supremecourt.ne.gov/students-teachers/movies.shtml">"Verone, Patric M. "The 12 Best Trial Movies" from the <i>ABA Journal</i>. November 1989 reprinted in <i>Nebraska Law Journal</i>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verone%2C+Patric+M.+%22The+12+Best+Trial+Movies%22+from+the+ABA+Journal.+November+1989+reprinted+in+Nebraska+Law+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.ne.gov%2Fstudents-teachers%2Fmovies.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schachner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schachner_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Chanen, Jill Schachner (August 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/the_theaters_12_greatest_courtroom_dramas/">"The Theater's 12 Greatest Courtroom Dramas"</a>. <i>ABA Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABA+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Theater%27s+12+Greatest+Courtroom+Dramas&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Chanen&rft.aufirst=Jill+Schachner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fthe_theaters_12_greatest_courtroom_dramas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winning novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Caine_Mutiny" title="The Caine Mutiny">The Caine Mutiny</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wouk" title="Herman Wouk">Herman Wouk</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89577-414-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89577-414-3">0-89577-414-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azstarnet.com/accent/198010">"Review noting Captain Queeg cross examination"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+noting+Captain+Queeg+cross+examination.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azstarnet.com%2Faccent%2F198010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/Breaker-Morant">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Breaker' Morant, A film review by Christopher Null"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Breaker%27+Morant%2C+A+film+review+by+Christopher+Null&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmcritic.com%2Fmisc%2Femporium.nsf%2Freviews%2FBreaker-Morant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whysanity.net/monos/fewgood.html">Excerpt of cross examination in</a> <a href="/wiki/A_Few_Good_Men_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Few Good Men (film)">A Few Good Men</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallister1999" class="citation web cs1">Pallister, David (19 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/oct/19/davidpallister1">"An injustice that still reverberates"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=An+injustice+that+still+reverberates&rft.date=1999-10-19&rft.aulast=Pallister&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F1999%2Foct%2F19%2Fdavidpallister1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabah.com.tr/fotohaber/yasam/kemal_sunalin_tum_filmleri/20126">"Kemal Sunal all films"</a> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kemal+Sunal+all+films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabah.com.tr%2Ffotohaber%2Fyasam%2Fkemal_sunalin_tum_filmleri%2F20126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WVrev-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WVrev_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Variety_Film_Reviews" title="Variety Film Reviews">Variety</a></i> film review; 16 November 1977, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativespirits.info/resources/movies/the-last-wave">"The Last Wave"</a>. Creative Spirits<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Last+Wave&rft.pub=Creative+Spirits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativespirits.info%2Fresources%2Fmovies%2Fthe-last-wave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apolloguide.com/mov_fullrev.asp?CID=2841">"Apollo Guide Review "And Justice for All" by Norman Webster"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+Guide+Review+%22And+Justice+for+All%22+by+Norman+Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apolloguide.com%2Fmov_fullrev.asp%3FCID%3D2841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeib2018" class="citation web cs1">Leib, Brenden (2018-01-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lkglaw.net/top-ten-trial-movies-of-all-time/">"The Top Ten Trial Movies of All Time - Leib Knott Gaynor LLC"</a>. <i>Leib Knott Gaynor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Leib+Knott+Gaynor&rft.atitle=The+Top+Ten+Trial+Movies+of+All+Time+-+Leib+Knott+Gaynor+LLC&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft.aulast=Leib&rft.aufirst=Brenden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flkglaw.net%2Ftop-ten-trial-movies-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A06E2D6173EF934A25753C1A9659C8B63">"Runaway Jury (2003) Film Review; Courtroom Confrontation With Lots of Star Power"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimow2008" class="citation web cs1">Asimow, Michael (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/how_i_learned_to_litigate_at_the_movies">"How I Learned to Litigate at the Movies: 5 Lawyers Share Silver Screen Secrets!!!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bar Association Journal">American Bar Association Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Bar+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=How+I+Learned+to+Litigate+at+the+Movies%3A+5+Lawyers+Share+Silver+Screen+Secrets%21%21%21&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Asimow&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fhow_i_learned_to_litigate_at_the_movies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergmanAsimow2006" class="citation book cs1">Bergman, Paul; Asimow, Michael (2006). <i>Reel justice: the courtroom goes to the movies</i>. Kansas City: <a href="/wiki/Andrews_and_McMeel" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrews and McMeel">Andrews and McMeel</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7407-5460-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7407-5460-2"><bdi>0-7407-5460-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reel+justice%3A+the+courtroom+goes+to+the+movies&rft.place=Kansas+City&rft.pub=Andrews+and+McMeel&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7407-5460-2&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Asimow%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-5460-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7407-5460-9">978-0-7407-5460-9</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8362-1035-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8362-1035-2">0-8362-1035-2</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8362-1035-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8362-1035-4">978-0-8362-1035-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChanen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Chanen, Jill Schachner (August 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/the_theaters_12_greatest_courtroom_dramas/">"The Theater's 12 Greatest Courtroom Dramas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABA_Journal" title="ABA Journal">ABA Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABA+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Theater%27s+12+Greatest+Courtroom+Dramas&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Chanen&rft.aufirst=Jill+Schachner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fthe_theaters_12_greatest_courtroom_dramas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman2011" class="citation web cs1">Freedman, David (January 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawmovies.wordpress.com/">"The Law <b>Movie</b> Review"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Law+Movie+Review&rft.date=2011-01-27&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawmovies.wordpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachura2001" class="citation book cs1">Machura, Stefan (2001). Robson, Peter (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9snGGV1X5MC&q=George+Washington+University+movie+law+film+list"><i>Law and Film: Representing Law in Movies</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell Publishing</a>. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-22816-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-22816-0"><bdi>0-631-22816-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Film%3A+Representing+Law+in+Movies&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-631-22816-0&rft.aulast=Machura&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE9snGGV1X5MC%26q%3DGeorge%2BWashington%2BUniversity%2Bmovie%2Blaw%2Bfilm%2Blist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22816-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22816-5">978-0-631-22816-5</a></li> <li>Sarat, Austin, Jessica Silbey, and Martha Merrill Umphrey, eds. (2019). <i>Trial Films on Trial: Law, Justice, and Popular Culture</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_Press" title="University of Alabama Press">University of Alabama Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-2026-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-2026-3">978-0-8173-2026-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVesper2012" class="citation book cs1">Vesper, Thomas J. (2012). <i>Uncle Anthony's Unabridged Analogies, Quotes, Proverbs, Blessings & Toasts for Lawyers, Lecturers & Laypeople</i> (3rd ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: <a href="/wiki/West_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="West Publishing">West Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780314283214" title="Special:BookSources/9780314283214"><bdi>9780314283214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncle+Anthony%27s+Unabridged+Analogies%2C+Quotes%2C+Proverbs%2C+Blessings+%26+Toasts+for+Lawyers%2C+Lecturers+%26+Laypeople&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minnesota&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=West+Publishing%2C+Thomson+Reuters&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780314283214&rft.aulast=Vesper&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span> (includes a section on movies about lawyers)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.imdb.com/keyword/trial/?title_type=feature">807 "Best trial movies" at</a> <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a>, which brings a worldwide perspective, but also lumps in some movies that do not quickly come to mind as "trial movies".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrust2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Brust, Richard (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/the_25_greatest_legal_movies/">"25 Greatest Legal Movies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bar Association Journal">American Bar Association Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Bar+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=25+Greatest+Legal+Movies&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Brust&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fthe_25_greatest_legal_movies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrust2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Brust, Richard (August 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/honorable_mentions">"The 25 Greatest Legal Movies: Honorable Mentions Among the Other Legal Films Our Jury Cited (in alphabetical order)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="American Bar Association Journal">American Bar Association Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Bar+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=The+25+Greatest+Legal+Movies%3A+Honorable+Mentions+Among+the+Other+Legal+Films+Our+Jury+Cited+%28in+alphabetical+order%29&rft.date=2008-08-01&rft.aulast=Brust&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fhonorable_mentions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/lawyerbib.html">"Lawyers and the Legal Process: A Bibliography of Books and Articles in the UC Berkeley Libraries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_at_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California at Berkeley">University of California at Berkeley</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lawyers+and+the+Legal+Process%3A+A+Bibliography+of+Books+and+Articles+in+the+UC+Berkeley+Libraries&rft.pub=University+of+California+at+Berkeley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.berkeley.edu%2FMRC%2Flawyerbib.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrial+film" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Detective,_mystery,_and_crime_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crime_fiction" title="Template:Crime fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crime_fiction" title="Template talk:Crime fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crime_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crime fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Detective,_mystery,_and_crime_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">mystery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crime_fiction" title="Crime fiction">crime fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General info</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_crime_fiction" title="History of crime fiction">History of crime fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crime_writers" title="List of crime writers">Crime writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caper_story" title="Caper story">Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_circle_of_suspects" title="Closed circle of suspects">Closed circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_detective_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Girl detective (genre)">girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_menace" title="Weird menace">Weird menace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboiled" title="Hardboiled">Hardboiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_detective_story" title="Inverted detective story">Inverted detective story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_mystery" title="Cozy mystery">cozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locked-room_mystery" title="Locked-room mystery">locked room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noir_fiction" title="Noir fiction">Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_noir" title="Nordic noir">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_fiction" title="Spy fiction">Spy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan_Noir" title="Tartan Noir">Tartan Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tart_Noir" title="Tart Noir">Tart Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_mystery" title="Historical mystery">historical mystery</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Police_procedural" title="Police procedural">Police procedural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_drama" title="Procedural drama">Procedural drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Character</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_detectives" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional detectives">Fictional detectives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_male_detective_characters" title="List of male detective characters">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_detective_characters" title="List of female detective characters">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_police_detectives" title="List of fictional police detectives">police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_private_investigators" title="List of fictional private investigators">private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_historical_detectives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional historical detectives">historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_detective_teams" title="List of fictional detective teams">teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_and_fantasy_detectives" title="List of science fiction and fantasy detectives">science fiction and fantasy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072039#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4592717-0">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐gflb9 Cached time: 20241122180206 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.472 seconds Real time usage: 0.611 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2837/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 96837/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1109/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 92699/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.234/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5428311/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 413.764 1 -total 34.34% 142.090 1 Template:Reflist 27.77% 114.923 3 Template:Navbox 26.53% 109.765 12 Template:Cite_web 21.61% 89.419 1 Template:Crime_fiction 15.02% 62.145 1 Template:Short_description 9.30% 38.470 2 Template:Pagetype 7.98% 33.034 6 Template:ISBN 7.51% 31.079 1 Template:Film_genres 5.54% 22.933 1 Template:Icon --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:14354334-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122180206 and revision id 1252754838. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&oldid=1252754838">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&oldid=1252754838</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Courtroom_films" title="Category:Courtroom films">Courtroom films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drama" title="Category:Drama">Drama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Film genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legal_films_by_genre" title="Category:Legal films by genre">Legal films by genre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_about_law_enforcement" title="Category:Works about law enforcement">Works about law enforcement</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)" title="Category:CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)">CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 20:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_film&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-m4d5j","wgBackendResponseTime":150,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.472","walltime":"0.611","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2837,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":96837,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1109,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":92699,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 413.764 1 -total"," 34.34% 142.090 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.77% 114.923 3 Template:Navbox"," 26.53% 109.765 12 Template:Cite_web"," 21.61% 89.419 1 Template:Crime_fiction"," 15.02% 62.145 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.30% 38.470 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.98% 33.034 6 Template:ISBN"," 7.51% 31.079 1 Template:Film_genres"," 5.54% 22.933 1 Template:Icon"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.234","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5428311,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gflb9","timestamp":"20241122180206","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Trial film","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trial_film","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3072039","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3072039","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-11-22T03:46:07Z","dateModified":"2024-10-22T20:22:28Z","headline":"film genre"}</script> </body> </html>