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aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 历史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关历史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-American_deregulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_deregulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 American deregulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_deregulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_privatization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_privatization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Russian privatization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_privatization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch_alliances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_alliances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Launch alliances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_alliances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spaceflight_privatization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaceflight_privatization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Spaceflight privatization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaceflight_privatization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商业航天实体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商业航天实体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 商业航天实体 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-商业航天实体-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关商业航天实体子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-商业航天实体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Funding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Venture_capital_investment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venture_capital_investment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Venture capital investment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venture_capital_investment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_launchers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_launchers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Commercial launchers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_launchers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_government_commercial_cargo_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_government_commercial_cargo_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 US government commercial cargo services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_government_commercial_cargo_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emerging_personal_spaceflight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emerging_personal_spaceflight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Emerging personal spaceflight </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emerging_personal_spaceflight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_foundations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_foundations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Private foundations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_foundations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发展计划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发展计划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 发展计划 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-发展计划-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关发展计划子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-发展计划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Private_orbital_spaceflight,_space_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_orbital_spaceflight,_space_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Private orbital spaceflight, space stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_orbital_spaceflight,_space_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On-orbit_propellant_depots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On-orbit_propellant_depots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 On-orbit propellant depots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On-orbit_propellant_depots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asteroid_mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asteroid_mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Asteroid mining </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asteroid_mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_elevators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_elevators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Space elevators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_elevators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-launched_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-launched_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Non-launched efforts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-launched_efforts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关Non-launched efforts子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-Non-launched_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Failed_spaceflight_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_spaceflight_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Failed spaceflight ventures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_spaceflight_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_space_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_space_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Private space stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_space_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_private_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_private_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Lunar private ventures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_private_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Robotic_Lunar-surface_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robotic_Lunar-surface_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Robotic Lunar-surface missions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robotic_Lunar-surface_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_Lunar-surface_crewed_expeditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_Lunar-surface_crewed_expeditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Private Lunar-surface crewed expeditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_Lunar-surface_crewed_expeditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mars_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mars_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Mars exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mars_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 参见 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 外部链接 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关外部链接子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政府" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 政府 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政府-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-企业风投" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#企业风投"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 企业风投 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-企业风投-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒体报道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒体报道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 媒体报道 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒体报道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">民营航天</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。13种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" > 13种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="رحلات الفضاء الخاصة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رحلات الفضاء الخاصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_espacial_privat" title="Vol espacial privat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vol espacial privat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Raumfahrt" title="Private Raumfahrt – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Private Raumfahrt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Private spaceflight" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_espacial_privado" title="Vuelo espacial privado – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vuelo espacial privado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_spatial_priv%C3%A9" title="Vol spatial privé – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vol spatial privé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="پرائیویٹ خلائی پرواز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرائیویٹ خلائی پرواز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_espacial_privado" title="Voo espacial privado – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voo espacial privado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.5em"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tianwen-1_launch_04_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tianwen-1_launch_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Tianwen-1_launch_04_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tianwen-1_launch_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/233px-Tianwen-1_launch_04_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tianwen-1_launch_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/310px-Tianwen-1_launch_04_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1105" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B2" title="航天史">历程</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="太空競賽">太空競賽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="航天年表">航天年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽系探測器列表">行星际探测</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="月球探测器列表">探月</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#航天活动分类" title="航天">航天科技应用</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="地球观测卫星">地球观测卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E8%B0%8D%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="间谍卫星">间谍卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">通訊衛星</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="卫星导航系统">卫星导航系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="空间望远镜">空间望远镜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索">太空探索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2" title="太空游客">太空游客</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="太空移民">太空移民</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="航天器">航天器</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="无人航天器">无人航天器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="空间探测器">空间探测器</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="载人航天器">载人航天器</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9" title="载人飞船">载人飞船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" title="航天飞机">航天飞机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="空间站">空间站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E9%81%8B%E9%A3%9B%E8%88%B9" title="貨運飛船">貨運飛船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" title="空天飞机">空天飞机</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#发射" title="航天">航天发射</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA" title="发射场">发射场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" title="发射台">发射台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="运载火箭">发射载具</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="一次性发射载具">一次性发射载具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="可复用发射载具">可复用发射载具</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="宇宙速度">宇宙速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="非火箭航天发射">非火箭航天发射</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">航天飞行任务种类</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="次軌道太空飛行">亚轨道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#到达太空" title="航天">入轨飞行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="行星際航行">行星際航行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="恆星際旅行">恆星際旅行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%99%85%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="星系际旅行">星系际旅行</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天机构列表">管理机构</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚"><img alt="澳大利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="澳大利亚航天局">ASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大"><img alt="加拿大" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B1%80" title="加拿大太空局">CSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><img alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="国家航天局">CNSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟"><img alt="欧洲联盟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80" title="欧洲空间局">ESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="法國國家太空研究中心">CNES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国"><img alt="德国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="德國航空太空中心">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="印度空间研究组织">ISRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗"><img alt="伊朗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="伊朗航天局">ISA</a></li> <li><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" title="義大利太空總署">ASI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国"><img alt="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国家航空航天技术总局">NADA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="韩国航空宇宙研究院">KARI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="宇宙航空研究開發機構">JAXA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰"><img alt="新西兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/22px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/33px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國國家太空中心">TASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰"><img alt="乌克兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="乌克兰国家航天局">SSAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦"><img alt="巴基斯坦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%82%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦空间与上层大气研究委员会（页面不存在）">SUPARCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E7%BD%B2" title="英国宇航署">UKSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国"><img alt="阿拉伯联合酋长国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%81%94%E9%85%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="阿联酋国家航空航天局">UAESA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="太空軍">太空军事</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><img alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="中国人民解放军军事航天部队">PLAMSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%9B" title="法国空天军">AAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗"><img alt="伊朗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰革命卫队空天军（页面不存在）">IRGCASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%9B" title="俄罗斯空天军">VKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="美国太空军">USSF</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">太空作战司令部</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西"><img alt="巴西" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="義大利"><img alt="義大利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利太空作战司令部（页面不存在）">COS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%98%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙作战队">SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织"><img alt="北大西洋公约组织" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/22px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约盟军空军司令部（页面不存在）">NATO 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2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="英国太空司令部">UKSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="美国太空司令部">USSPACECOM</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a 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height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%99%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80" title="星际荣耀">星际荣耀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%B2%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B" title="星河动力">星河动力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="蓝箭航天">蓝箭航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%A3%B9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="零壹空间">零壹空间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%8E%E5%AE%A2%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="翎客航天">翎客航天</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞"><img alt="羅馬尼亞" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9%E4%BA%9A%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥本哈根亚轨道（页面不存在）">哥本哈根亚轨道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E7%82%B9%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="近地点航天">近地点航天</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E9%99%9E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="晉陞太空科技">晉陞太空科技</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#000 2px solid; 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href="/wiki/Template:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Template:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Template talk:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Spaceflight_sidebar" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Spaceflight sidebar"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><big><a class="mw-selflink selflink">民营航天</a></big></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.5em"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%A6%96%E4%B8%AA%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E5%85%A5%E8%BD%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%9A%84%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8D%87%E7%A9%BA_%E8%93%9D%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9CEO%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%99%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%A2%AF%E9%98%9F2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%A6%96%E4%B8%AA%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E5%85%A5%E8%BD%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%9A%84%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8D%87%E7%A9%BA_%E8%93%9D%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9CEO%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%99%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%A2%AF%E9%98%9F2.png/240px-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%A6%96%E4%B8%AA%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E5%85%A5%E8%BD%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%9A%84%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8D%87%E7%A9%BA_%E8%93%9D%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9CEO%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%99%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%A2%AF%E9%98%9F2.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 活跃中的民营航天企业</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%E5%A8%9C%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="阿丽亚娜空间">阿丽亚娜空间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="阿斯特拉太空">阿斯特拉太空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="公理航天">公理航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA" title="畢格羅宇航">毕格罗宇航</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%89%B2%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="蓝色起源">蓝色起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A4%E7%81%AB%E8%99%AB%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="萤火虫太空">萤火虫太空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%B2%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B" title="星河动力">星河動力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%99%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80" title="星际荣耀">星際榮耀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="蓝箭航天">蓝箭航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%8E%E5%AE%A2%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="翎客航天">翎客航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%A3%B9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="零壹空间">零壹空间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%B5%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="天兵科技">天兵科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E8%93%9D%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="深蓝航天">深蓝航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="东方空间">东方空间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%8E%A7%E8%82%A1%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="吉利控股集团">吉利</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="时空道宇（页面不存在）">时空道宇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%85%89%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="长光卫星">长光卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%88%9B%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科创航天（页面不存在）">科创航天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="諾斯洛普·格魯曼">诺斯洛普·格鲁曼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XCOR%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XCOR空天（页面不存在）">XCOR空天</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redwire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redwire（页面不存在）">Redwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E8%AB%96%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="相對論空間">相對論空間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="火箭实验室">火箭实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%AE%E5%B0%BA%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="縮尺複合體公司">縮尺複合體公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Spaceship_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Spaceship Company（页面不存在）">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E9%99%9E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="晉陞太空科技">晉陞太空科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="聯合發射聯盟">聯合發射聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%8F%8D%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="維珍銀河">維珍銀河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%8F%8D%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="维珍轨道">维珍轨道</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 现役民营运载火箭型号</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%94%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="安塔瑞斯運載火箭">安塔瑞斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="谷神星一号运载火箭">谷神星一号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="电子号运载火箭">电子号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E9%B7%B99%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="獵鷹9號運載火箭">猎鹰九号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E9%B7%B9%E9%87%8D%E5%9E%8B%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="獵鷹重型運載火箭">猎鹰重型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="双曲线一号运载火箭">双曲线一号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E7%AE%AD%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="力箭一号运载火箭">力箭一号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%9B%80%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="朱雀二号运载火箭">朱雀二号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%BE%99%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="天龙二号运载火箭">天龙二号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="引力一号运载火箭">引力一号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%80%85%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="发射者一号">发射者一号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%AA%E5%B8%95%E5%BE%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="新雪帕德火箭">新谢泼德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%A6%AC%E5%BA%A7%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="飛馬座運載火箭">飞马座</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="織女星運載火箭">织女星</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 现役民营航天器型号</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%B9%85%E5%BA%A7%E5%8F%B7%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9" title="天鹅座号飞船">天鹅座号飞船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B92%E5%8F%B7" title="龙飞船2号">龙飞船2号</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 相关合同、合约及建造发展计划</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%96%A9%E9%87%8CX%E5%A4%A7%E7%8D%8E" title="安薩里X大獎">安萨里X大奖</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商业载人航天发展计划（页面不存在）">商业载人航天发展计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E8%A1%A5%E7%BB%99%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="商业补给服务">商业补给服务</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83X%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%96" title="谷歌月球X大奖">谷歌月球X大奖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="行星際運輸系統運載火箭">SpaceX行星際運輸系統運載火箭发展计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%A0%94%E5%8F%91%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="可重复使用发射系统技术研发项目">SpaceX可重复使用发射系统技术研发项目</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:RocketSunIcon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/16px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/24px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/32px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Portal:航天">航天主题</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_spaceflight" title="Template:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_spaceflight" title="Template talk:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Private_spaceflight" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 民营航天、私人航天或商业航天（英語：Private spaceflight）是由官方政府机构以外的实体所进行的对航天科技以及空间应用技术的开发和利用。 在人类进入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天时代（页面不存在）">航天时代</a>最初的几十年里，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏</a>两国政府的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天机构列表">航天机构</a>就曾分别与各自国内的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80" title="设计局">设计局</a>和私营公司展开过合作，通过对上述实体的资金补助等手段来支持航天新技术的开发和运营成本。其后于1975年成立的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80" title="欧洲空间局">欧洲空间局</a>（ESA）也大致效仿美苏而遵循类似的空间技术发展模式<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a>。但成立于1980年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%E5%A8%9C%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="阿丽亚娜空间">阿丽亚娜空间公司</a>却先于美苏成为全球首家商业航天发射服务的提供商<a href="#cite_note-Jaeger1986-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-arianespace1980-3">[3]</a>，其后各国的大型国防承包商开始根据承接自政府机构的航天技术开发并运营各自的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="运载火箭">运载火箭</a>系统。 目前为止，地球轨道上的私人航天产业包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">通信卫星</a>系统、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="卫星电视">卫星电视</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1" title="卫星广播业务">卫星广播</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="载人航天">航天员天地往返</a>运输以及亚轨道和轨道级的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2" title="太空游客">太空旅游</a>。在美国，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美国联邦航空管理局">联邦航空管理局</a>甚至设立了一项名为“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%91%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商业航天员（页面不存在）">商业航天员</a>”（英語：Commercial Astronaut）的新职业<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a>。 进入新世纪以来，民营航天企业家们开始有计划地设计并发展相关航天技术，以预期在2010年代左右可研制与冷战时代政府研发的运载火箭<a href="#cite_note-gm20120205-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo20160819-5">[5]</a>技术相当的运载系统并将之投入使用<a href="#cite_note-ieee201201-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-belfiore2007-7">[7]</a>:7，这些新产业于2010年之后在商业航天发射领域的市场带来了巨大的竞争角逐，其中主要的竞争点之一是通过降低单次火箭的发射成本以提供更多的发射能力<a href="#cite_note-tc20200818-8">[8]</a>。 现今私人航天飞行的主要成就包括：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="次軌道太空飛行">亚轨道</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="太空飛機">太空飞机</a>的飞行（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B91%E8%99%9F" title="太空船1號">太空船1号</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B92%E5%8F%B7" title="太空船2号">2号</a>）<a href="#cite_note-:02-9">[9]</a>、轨道级火箭的发射、充气式可扩展空间站试验舱段的在轨测试（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA1%E5%8F%B7" title="创世纪1号">创世纪1号</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA2%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="创世纪2号（页面不存在）">2号</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%95%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毕格罗扩展式活动模块（页面不存在）">BEAM试验舱</a>）<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>，以及将宇航员成功送往空间站。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed skin-invert" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; font-size: 95%; overflow:auto; color: gray!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px; text-align: left;"> <div class="collapsible-title" style="line-height: 1.6em; color: gray!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; font-weight:bold;"><div style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> 已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">翻譯</a>。</div></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="color: gray!important; background-color: #F3F9FF; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 10px 0 10px;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_private_spaceflight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of private spaceflight（页面不存在）">Timeline of private spaceflight</a></div> During the principal period of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceflight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceflight（页面不存在）">spaceflight</a> in the mid-twentieth century, only <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nation_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nation state（页面不存在）">nation state</a>s developed and flew spacecraft above the <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kármán line（页面不存在）">Kármán line</a>, the nominal boundary of space. Both the <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">U.S. civilian space program</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_space_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet space program（页面不存在）">Soviet space program</a> were operated using mainly military pilots as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronaut（页面不存在）">astronaut</a>s. During this period, no commercial space launches were available to private operators, and no private organization was able to offer space launches. Eventually, private organizations were able to both offer and purchase space launches, thus beginning the period of private spaceflight. The first phase of private space operation was the launch of the first commercial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communications_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communications satellite（页面不存在）">communications satellite</a>s. The U.S. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communications_Satellite_Act_of_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communications Satellite Act of 1962（页面不存在）">Communications Satellite Act of 1962</a> allowed commercial consortia owning and operating their own satellites, although these were still deployed on state-owned launch vehicles. In 1980, the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> created <a href="/wiki/Arianespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a>, a company to be operated commercially after initial hardware and launch facilities were developed with <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Government（页面不存在）">government</a> funding.<a href="#cite_note-stAriane20130301-11">[11]</a> Arianespace has since launched numerous satellites as a commercial entity.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The history of full private space transportation includes early efforts by <a href="/wiki/Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany">German</a> company <a href="/w/index.php?title=OTRAG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTRAG（页面不存在）">OTRAG</a> in the 20th century. Founded in 1975 as the first private company to attempt to launch a private spacecraft,<a href="#cite_note-2012:May:Torchinsky-13">[13]</a> testing of its <a href="/w/index.php?title=OTRAG_(rocket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTRAG (rocket)（页面不存在）">OTRAG rocket</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> began in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-1978:October:Zuckerman-15">[15]</a> The history also covers numerous modern orbital and suborbital launch systems in the 21st century. More recent commercial spaceflight projects include the suborbital flights of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic（页面不存在）">Virgin Galactic</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Origin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Origin（页面不存在）">Blue Origin</a>, the orbital flights of <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> and other <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services（页面不存在）">COTS</a> participants. Development of alternatives to government-provided <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_launch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space launch（页面不存在）">space launch</a> services began in earnest in the 2000s. Private interests began funding limited development programs, but the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government of the United States">US government</a> later sponsored a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services（页面不存在）">series of</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Crew_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Crew Development（页面不存在）">programs</a> to incentivize and encourage private companies to begin offering both cargo, and later, crew <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space transport（页面不存在）">space transport</a>ation services. Lower prices for launch services after 2010, and published prices for standard launch services, have brought about significant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_launch_market_competition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space launch market competition（页面不存在）">space launch market competition</a> that had not been present previously.<a href="#cite_note-vance2015-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc20141203-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-fp20131209-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj20150917-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo20160819-5">[5]</a> By 2012, a private company had begun transporting cargo to and from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, while a second private company was scheduled to begin making deliveries in 2013, ushering in a time of regular private space cargo delivery to and return from the government-owned space facility in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> (LEO).<a href="#cite_note-wired20121227-20">[20]</a> In this new paradigm for LEO cargo transport, the government contracts for and pays for cargo services on substantially privately developed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacecraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacecraft（页面不存在）">space vehicles</a> rather than the government operating each of the cargo vehicles and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_logistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space logistics（页面不存在）">cargo delivery systems.</a> 截至2013年 (2013-Missing required parameter 1=month!)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a>, there is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_space_station_cargo_vehicles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparison of space station cargo vehicles（页面不存在）">mix of private and government resupply vehicles</a> being used for the ISS, as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Russia（页面不存在）">Russian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)（页面不存在）">Soyuz</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progress (spacecraft)（页面不存在）">Progress</a> vehicles, and the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) <a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">ATV</a> (through 2014) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of Japan（页面不存在）">Japanese</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H-II_Transfer_Vehicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H-II Transfer Vehicle（页面不存在）">Kounotori</a> (through 2021) remain in operation after the 2011 retirement of the US <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle（页面不存在）">Space Shuttle</a>. In June 2013, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">British</a> newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> claimed that "the space race is flaring back into life, and it's not massive institutions such as NASA that are in the running. The old view that human space flight is so complex, difficult and expensive that only huge government agencies could hope to accomplish it is being disproved by a new breed of flamboyant space privateers, who are planning to send humans out beyond the Earth's orbit for the first time since 1972,"<a href="#cite_note-telegraph20130611-21">[21]</a> particularly noting projects underway by <a href="/wiki/Mars_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars One">Mars One</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspiration_Mars_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation（页面不存在）">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Aerospace（页面不存在）">Bigelow Aerospace</a> and <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-telegraph20130611-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_deregulation">American deregulation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：American deregulation">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/40px-Emblem-scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/60px-Emblem-scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem-scales.svg/80px-Emblem-scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此section之<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%82%E7%82%B9" title="Wikipedia:中立的观点">中立性</a>有争议。其內容、語調可能帶有明顯的個人觀點或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">地方色彩</a>。 (2016年1月) 加上此模板的編輯者需在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Talk:民营航天">討論頁</a>說明此文中立性有爭議的原因，以便讓各編輯者討論和改善。在編輯之前請務必察看讨论页。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Space_Launch_Act_of_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984（页面不存在）">Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984</a> required encouragement of commercial space ventures, adding a new clause to NASA's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mission_statement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mission statement（页面不存在）">mission statement</a>: <dl><dd>(c) Commercial Use of Space.--Congress declares that the general welfare of the United States requires that the Administration seek and encourage, to the maximum extent possible, the fullest commercial use of space.</dd></dl> Yet one of NASA's early actions was to effectively prevent private space flight through a large amount of regulation. From the beginning, though, this met significant opposition not only by the private sector, but in Congress. In 1962, Congress passed its first law pushing back the prohibition on private involvement in space, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communications_Satellite_Act_of_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communications Satellite Act of 1962（页面不存在）">Communications Satellite Act of 1962</a>. While largely focusing on the satellites of its namesake, this was described by both the law's opponents and advocates of private space, as the first step on the road to privatisation. While launch vehicles were originally bought from private contractors, from the beginning of the Shuttle program until the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Challenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle Challenger（页面不存在）">Space Shuttle Challenger</a> disaster in 1986, NASA attempted to position its shuttle as the sole legal space launch option.<a href="#cite_note-uscbo19861001-22">[22]</a> But with the mid-launch explosion/loss of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Challenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle Challenger（页面不存在）">Challenger</a> came the suspension of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government of the United States">government</a>-operated shuttle flights, allowing the formation of a commercial launch industry.<a href="#cite_note-bromberg1999-23">[23]</a> On 4 July 1982, the Reagan administration released National Security Decision Directive Number 42 which officially set its goal to expand United States private-sector investment and involvement in civil space and space-related activities.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> On 16 May 1983, the Reagan administration issued National Security Decision Directive Number 94 encouraging the commercialization of ELV’s, which directed that, "The U.S. Government will license, supervise, and/or regulate U.S. commercial ELV operations only to the extent required to meet its national and international obligations and to ensure public safety."<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> On 30 October 1984, US President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> signed into law the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Space_Launch_Act_of_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984（页面不存在）">Commercial Space Launch Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-csla1984-26">[26]</a> This enabled an American industry of private operators of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expendable_launch_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expendable launch system（页面不存在）">expendable launch system</a>s. Prior to the signing of this law, all commercial satellite launches in the United States were restricted by Federal regulation to NASA's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle program（页面不存在）">Space Shuttle</a>. On 11 February 1988, the Presidential Directive declared that the government should purchase commercially available space goods and services to the fullest extent feasible and shall not conduct activities with potential commercial applications that preclude or deter Commercial Sector space activities except for national security or public safety reasons. <a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> On 5 November 1990, United States President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> signed into law the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Launch_Services_Purchase_Act_of_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Launch Services Purchase Act of 1990（页面不存在）">Launch Services Purchase Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The Act, in a complete reversal of the earlier Space Shuttle monopoly, ordered NASA to purchase launch services for its primary payloads from commercial providers whenever such services are required in the course of its activities. In 1996, the United States government selected <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> to each develop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_Expendable_Launch_Vehicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle（页面不存在）">Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle</a>s (EELV) to compete for launch contracts and provide assured access to space. The government's acquisition strategy relied on the strong commercial viability of both vehicles to lower unit costs. This anticipated market demand did not materialise, but both the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delta_IV_rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delta IV rocket（页面不存在）">Delta IV</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas V（页面不存在）">Atlas V</a> EELVs remain in active service. Commercial launches outnumbered government launches at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Range&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Range（页面不存在）">Eastern Range</a> in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Space_Act_of_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Space Act of 1998（页面不存在）">Commercial Space Act</a> was passed in 1998 and implements many of the provisions of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Launch_Services_Purchase_Act_of_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Launch Services Purchase Act of 1990（页面不存在）">Launch Services Purchase Act of 1990</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usg19981028-30">[30]</a> Nonetheless, until 2004 NASA kept private space flight effectively illegal.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> But that year, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Space_Launch_Amendments_Act_of_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004（页面不存在）">Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004</a> required that NASA and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> legalise private space flight.<a href="#cite_note-nbc2004-32">[32]</a> The 2004 Act also specified a "learning period" which restricted the ability of the FAA to enact regulations regarding the safety of people who might actually fly on commercial spacecraft through 2012, ostensibly because spaceflight participants would share the risk of flight through <a href="/w/index.php?title=Informed_consent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informed consent（页面不存在）">informed consent</a> procedures of human spaceflight risks, while requiring the launch provider to be legally liable for potential losses to uninvolved persons and structures.<a href="#cite_note-tsr20150526-33">[33]</a> To the end of 2014, commercial passenger flights in space has remained effectively illegal, as the FAA has refused to give a commercial operator's license to any private space company.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Government（页面不存在）">United States</a> updated US commercial space legislation with the passage of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=SPACE_Act_of_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPACE Act of 2015（页面不存在）">SPACE Act of 2015</a> in November 2015.<a href="#cite_note-hr2262-35">[35]</a> The full name of the act is Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015 The update US law explicitly allows "US citizens to engage in the commercial exploration and exploitation of 'space resources' [including... water and minerals]". The right does not extend to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biological_life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biological life（页面不存在）">biological life</a>, so anything that is alive may not be exploited commercially.<a href="#cite_note-wired20151112-36">[36]</a> The Act further asserts that "the United States does not [(by this Act)] assert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovereignty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovereignty（页面不存在）">sovereignty</a>, or sovereign or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exclusive_right&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exclusive right（页面不存在）">exclusive right</a>s or jurisdiction over, or the ownership of, any <a href="/w/index.php?title=Celestial_body&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celestial body（页面不存在）">celestial body</a>". <a href="#cite_note-wired20151112-36">[36]</a> The SPACE Act includes the extension of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indemnification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indemnification（页面不存在）">indemnification</a> of US launch providers for extraordinary catastrophic third-party losses of a failed launch through 2025, while the previous indemnification law was scheduled to expire in 2016. The Act also extends, through 2025, the "learning period" restrictions which limit the ability of the FAA to enact regulations regarding the safety of spaceflight participants.<a href="#cite_note-tsr20150526-33">[33]</a> Indemnification for extraordinary third-party losses has, as of 2015, been a component of US space law for over 25 years, and during this time, "has never been invoked in any commercial launch mishap".<a href="#cite_note-tsr20150526-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_privatization">Russian privatization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：Russian privatization">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_industry_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space industry of Russia（页面不存在）">Space industry of Russia</a></div> In 1992, a Resurs-500 capsule containing gifts was launched from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesetsk_Cosmodrome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesetsk Cosmodrome（页面不存在）">Plesetsk Cosmodrome</a> in a private spaceflight called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Flight_Europe-America_500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Flight Europe-America 500（页面不存在）">Europe-America 500</a>. The flight was conceived by the Russian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_for_Social_Inventions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation for Social Inventions（页面不存在）">Foundation for Social Inventions</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progress_State_Research_and_Production_Rocket_Space_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center（页面不存在）">TsSKB-Progress</a>, a Russian rocket-building company, to increase trade between Russia and USA, and to promote the use of technology once reserved only for military forces. Money for the launch was raised from a collection of Russian companies. The capsule parachuted into the Pacific Ocean and was brought to Seattle by a Russian missile-tracking ship. The Russian government sold part of its stake in <a href="/w/index.php?title=S.P._Korolev_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation_Energia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia（页面不存在）">RSC Energia</a> to private investors in 1994. Energia, together with Khrunichev, constituted most of the Russian crewed space program.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#updates" title="Talk:民营航天">需要更新</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_alliances">Launch alliances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：Launch alliances">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg/220px-Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg/330px-Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg/440px-Proton_Zvezda_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>Launch of a Proton rocket</figcaption></figure> Since 1995 Khrunichev's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton_rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton rocket（页面不存在）">Proton rocket</a> has been marketed through <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Launch_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Launch Services（页面不存在）">International Launch Services</a>, while the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_(rocket_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz (rocket family)（页面不存在）">Soyuz rocket</a> is marketed via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starsem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starsem（页面不存在）">Starsem</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_Launch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sea Launch（页面不存在）">Sea Launch</a> project flies the Ukrainian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenit_rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenit rocket（页面不存在）">Zenit rocket</a>. In 2003, Arianespace joined with <a href="/wiki/Boeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> Launch Services and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries（页面不存在）">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a> to create the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Launch_Services_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Launch Services Alliance（页面不存在）">Launch Services Alliance</a>. In 2005, continued weak commercial demand for EELV launches drove Lockheed Martin and Boeing to propose a joint venture called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Launch_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Launch Alliance（页面不存在）">United Launch Alliance</a> to service the United States government launch market.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spaceflight_privatization">Spaceflight privatization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：Spaceflight privatization">编辑</a>]</div> Since the 1980s, various private initiatives have <a href="/w/index.php?title=Startup_company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Startup company（页面不存在）">started up</a> to pursue the private use of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Outer_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outer space（页面不存在）">space</a>. Traditional costs to launch anything to space have been high—on the order of tens of thousands of US dollars per kilogram—but by 2020, costs on the order of a few thousand dollars per kilogram are being seen from one private launch provider that was an early 2000s startup, with the cost projected to fall to less than a few hundred dollars per kilogram as the technology of a second private spaceflight startup of ~2000 comes into service.<a href="#cite_note-tc20200818-8">[8]</a> The first privately funded rocket to reach the boundary of space, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kármán line（页面不存在）">Kármán line</a>, (although not orbit) was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conestoga_(rocket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conestoga (rocket)（页面不存在）">Conestoga I</a>, which was launched by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Services_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Services Inc.（页面不存在）">Space Services Inc.</a> on a suborbital flight to 309公里（192英里） altitude on 9 September 1982.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In October 1995, their first (and only) attempt at an orbital launch, Conestoga 1620, failed to achieve orbit due to a guidance system failure.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg/220px-Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg/330px-Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg/440px-Pegasus_Air_Launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>First launch of the Pegasus rocket, from a NASA-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress（页面不存在）">B-52</a>.</figcaption></figure> On April 5, 1990, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_Sciences_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation（页面不存在）">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegasus_(rocket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegasus (rocket)（页面不存在）">Pegasus</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_launch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air launch（页面不存在）">air launch</a>ed rocket, was the first launch vehicle fully developed by a private company to reach orbit.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In the early 2000s, several public-private corporate partnerships were established in the United States to privately develop spaceflight technology. Several purely private initiatives have shown interest in private endeavors to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inner_Solar_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inner Solar System（页面不存在）">inner Solar System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iac-42">[42]</a> In 2006, NASA initiated a program to purchase commercial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space transport（页面不存在）">space transport</a> to carry cargo to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, while funding a portion of the development of new technology in a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public-private_partnership&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public-private partnership（页面不存在）">public-private partnership</a>.<a href="#cite_note-belfiore2007-7">[7]</a>:10 In May 2015, the Japanese legislature considered legislation to allow private company spaceflight initiatives in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-jn20150603-43">[43]</a> In 2016, the United States granted its first clearance for a private flight to the moon, from the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation.<a href="#cite_note-2016:August:Fingas-44">[44]</a> On 30 May 2020, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crew_Dragon_Demo-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crew Dragon Demo-2（页面不存在）">Crew Dragon Demo-2</a> operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space X（页面不存在）">Space X</a> became the first crewed mission to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Crew_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Crew Program（页面不存在）">Commercial Crew Program</a>. After 2015, European-based private small-lift launch vehicle development got underway, particularly in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, but "France has largely been left out of this new commercial launch industry".<a href="#cite_note-ars20211207-45">[45]</a> In 2021, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government of France（页面不存在）">Government of France</a> announced a plan to fund the "France-based rocket firm <a href="/wiki/ArianeGroup" class="mw-redirect" title="ArianeGroup">ArianeGroup</a> to develop a new small-lift rocket called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C3%AFa_(rocket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maïa (rocket)（页面不存在）">Maïa</a> by the year 2026,"<a href="#cite_note-ars20211207-45">[45]</a> which would be a government-funded but commercially-developed rocket. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="商业航天实体">商业航天实体</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：商业航天实体">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_private_spaceflight_companies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of private spaceflight companies（页面不存在）">List of private spaceflight companies</a></div> Today many commercial space transportation companies offer launch services to satellite companies and government space organizations around the world. In 2005, there were 18 total commercial launches and 37 non-commercial launches. Russia flew 44% of commercial orbital launches, while Europe had 28% and the United States had 6%.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> China's first private launch, a suborbital flight by <a href="/wiki/OneSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="OneSpace">OneSpace</a>, took place in May 2018.<a href="#cite_note-cnn20180517-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：Funding">编辑</a>]</div> In recent years, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finance（页面不存在）">funding</a> to support private spaceflight has begun to be raised from a larger pool of sources than the comparatively limited pool of the 1990s. For example, 截至2013年6月 (2013-06)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a> and in the United States alone, ten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billionaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billionaire（页面不存在）">billionaire</a>s had made "serious investments in private spaceflight activities"<a href="#cite_note-hc20130628-48">[48]</a> at six companies, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratolaunch_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratolaunch Systems（页面不存在）">Stratolaunch Systems</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planetary_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planetary Resources（页面不存在）">Planetary Resources</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Origin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Origin（页面不存在）">Blue Origin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic（页面不存在）">Virgin Galactic</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Aerospace（页面不存在）">Bigelow Aerospace</a>. The ten investors were <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Page">Larry Page</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Shriram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ram Shriram（页面不存在）">Ram Shriram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simonyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Simonyi">Charles Simonyi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ross_Perot_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ross Perot Jr.（页面不存在）">Ross Perot Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" class="mw-redirect" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bigelow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Bigelow（页面不存在）">Robert Bigelow</a>.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> At the start of the private space era it was not yet clear to what extent these entrepreneurs see "legitimate business opportunity, [for example], space tourism and other commercial activities in space, or [are] wealthy men seeking the exclusivity that space offers innovators and investors."<a href="#cite_note-hc20130628-48">[48]</a> There has been speculation as to whether these investments are a "gamble", and whether they will prove lucrative.<a href="#cite_note-hc20130628-48">[48]</a> As of the early 2020's some of these investments have paid off, with Musk's SpaceX coming to dominate the launch market in mass to orbit and with a $100 billion dollar valuation.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Other companies such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Aerospace（页面不存在）">Bigelow Aerospace</a> have though collapsed and left the market.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Many startup space companies such as <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a> have launched on the stock market for funding as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Special-purpose_acquisition_company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Special-purpose acquisition company（页面不存在）">Special-purpose acquisition company</a>, but their SPAC values have been affected by market volatility.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venture_capital_investment">Venture capital investment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：Venture capital investment">编辑</a>]</div> Some investors see the traditional spaceflight industry as ripe for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disruptive_innovation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disruptive innovation（页面不存在）">disruption</a>, with "a 100-fold improvement [relatively straightforward and|orig=is actually a piece of cake, and making] a thousand-fold improvement [possible]".<a href="#cite_note-wapo20160128-53">[53]</a> Between 2005 and 2015, there was 10 billion美元 of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Private_capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Private capital（页面不存在）">private capital</a> invested in the space sector,<a href="#cite_note-ibt20151009-54">[54]</a> most of it in the United States. This <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Space_Launch_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Space Launch Act（页面不存在）">liberalized private space sector investment</a>s beginning in the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-csla1984-26">[26]</a> with additional legislative reforms in the 1990s–2000s.<a href="#cite_note-bromberg1999-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-usg19981028-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbc2004-32">[32]</a> From 2000 through the end of 2015, a total of 13.3 billion美元 of investment finance was invested in the space sector, with 2.9 billion美元 of that being <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venture_capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venture capital（页面不存在）">venture capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fortune20160222-55">[55]</a> In 2015, venture capital firms invested 1.8 billion美元 in private spaceflight companies, more than they had in the previous 15 years combined.<a href="#cite_note-fortune20160222-55">[55]</a> 截至2015年10月 (2015-10)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a>, the largest and most active investors in space were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lux_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lux Capital（页面不存在）">Lux Capital</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bessemer_Venture_Partners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bessemer Venture Partners（页面不存在）">Bessemer Venture Partners</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khosla_Ventures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khosla Ventures（页面不存在）">Khosla Ventures</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Founders_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Founders Fund（页面不存在）">Founders Fund</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RRE_Ventures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RRE Ventures（页面不存在）">RRE Ventures</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Draper_Fisher_Jurvetson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Draper Fisher Jurvetson（页面不存在）">Draper Fisher Jurvetson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ibt20151009-54">[54]</a> Increasing interest by investors in economically driven spaceflight had begun to appear by 2016, and some space ventures had to turn away investor funding.<a href="#cite_note-wapo20160128-53">[53]</a> CBInsights in August 2016 published that funding to space startups was "in a slump", although the number of space investment deals per quarter had gone from 2 or 3 in 2012 to 14 by 2015.<a href="#cite_note-2016:August:CBInsights-56">[56]</a> In 2017, CB Insights ranked the most active space tech investors, ranked from highest to lowest, were Space Angels Networks, Founders Fund, RRE Ventures, Data Collective, Bessemer, Lux Capital, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphabet_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphabet (company)（页面不存在）">Alphabet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tencent_Holdings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tencent Holdings（页面不存在）">Tencent Holdings</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rothenberg_Ventures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rothenberg Ventures（页面不存在）">Rothenberg Ventures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2017:May-57">[57]</a> In June 2019, Miriam Kramer of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axios_(website)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axios (website)（页面不存在）">Axios</a> wrote that private spaceflight companies and investors were poised to capitalize on NASA's plan to open up the International Space Station to commercial space ventures.<a href="#cite_note-2019:June:Kramer-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_launchers">Commercial launchers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：Commercial launchers">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space transport（页面不存在）">Space transport</a></div> The space transport business has, historically, had its primary customers in national governments and large commercial segments. Launches of government <a href="/w/index.php?title=Payload_(air_and_space_craft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Payload (air and space craft)（页面不存在）">payloads</a>, including military, civilian and scientific satellites, was the largest market segment in 2007 at nearly $100 billion a year. This segment is dominated by domestic favorites such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Launch_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Launch Alliance（页面不存在）">United Launch Alliance</a> for U.S. government payloads and <a href="/wiki/Arianespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a> for European satellites. The commercial payload segment, valued at under $3 billion a year, was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Arianespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a> in 2007, with over 50% of the market segment,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> followed by Russian launchers. See a complete list of <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rockets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rockets（页面不存在）">launch systems</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceflight,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceflight, Inc.（页面不存在）">Spaceflight, Inc.</a> operates as a launch broker, matching small-payload customers with launch providers in a "ridesharing" service. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="US_government_commercial_cargo_services">US government commercial cargo services</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：US government commercial cargo services">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg/220px-COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg/330px-COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg/440px-COTS2_Dragon_is_berthed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Dragon">SpaceX Dragon</a> berthing with the ISS during its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragon_C2%2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragon C2+（页面不存在）">final demonstration mission</a>, on 25 May 2012.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services（页面不存在）">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government of the United States">US government</a> determined to begin a process to purchase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_launch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space launch（页面不存在）">orbital launch</a> services for cargo deliveries to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS) beginning in the mid-2000s, rather than operate the launch and delivery services as they had with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle（页面不存在）">Space Shuttle</a>, which was to retire in less than half a decade, and ultimately did retire in 2011. On 18 January 2006, NASA announced an opportunity for US commercial providers to demonstrate orbital transportation services.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> As of 2008, NASA planned to spend $500 million through 2010 to finance development of <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Private sector">private sector</a> capability to transport payloads to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS).[<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#updates" title="Talk:民营航天">需要更新</a>] This was considered more challenging than then-available commercial space transportation because it would require precision <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbit_insertion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbit insertion（页面不存在）">orbit insertion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=In-orbit_rendezvous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In-orbit rendezvous（页面不存在）">rendezvous</a> and possibly docking with another spacecraft. The commercial vendors competed in specific service areas.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In August 2006, NASA announced that two relatively young aerospace companies, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocketplane_Kistler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocketplane Kistler（页面不存在）">Rocketplane Kistler</a>, had been awarded $278 million and $207 million, respectively, under the COTS program.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 2008, NASA anticipated that commercial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_logistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space logistics（页面不存在）">cargo delivery services to and return services from</a> the ISS would be necessary through at least 2015. The NASA Administrator suggested that space transportation services procurement may be expanded to orbital <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propellant_depot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propellant depot（页面不存在）">fuel depots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moon#Physical_characteristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon">lunar surface</a> deliveries should the first phase of COTS prove successful.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> After it transpired that Rocketplane Kistler was failing to meet its contractual deadlines, NASA terminated its contract with the company in August 2008, after only $32 million had been spent. Several months later, in December 2008, NASA awarded the remaining $170 million in that contract to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_Sciences_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation（页面不存在）">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a> to develop resupply services to the ISS.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emerging_personal_spaceflight">Emerging personal spaceflight</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：Emerging personal spaceflight">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space tourism（页面不存在）">Space tourism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Billionaire_space_race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billionaire space race（页面不存在）">Billionaire space race</a></div> Before 2004, the year it was legalized in the US, no privately operated crewed spaceflight had ever occurred. The only private individuals to journey to space went as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space tourism（页面不存在）">space tourists</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle（页面不存在）">Space Shuttle</a> or on Russian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz programme（页面不存在）">Soyuz</a> flights to <a href="/wiki/Mir" class="mw-disambig" title="Mir">Mir</a> or the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. All private individuals who flew to space before <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Tito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Tito（页面不存在）">Dennis Tito</a>'s self-financed International Space Station visit in 2001 had been sponsored by their home governments or by private corporations.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Those trips include US Congressman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Nelson_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Nelson (politician)（页面不存在）">Bill Nelson's</a> January 1986 flight on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Shuttle_Columbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Shuttle Columbia（页面不存在）">Space Shuttle Columbia</a> and Japanese television reporter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toyohiro_Akiyama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toyohiro Akiyama（页面不存在）">Toyohiro Akiyama</a>'s 1990 flight to the <a href="/wiki/Mir" class="mw-disambig" title="Mir">Mir</a> Space Station. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansari_X_PRIZE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansari X PRIZE（页面不存在）">Ansari X PRIZE</a> was intended to stimulate private investment in the development of spaceflight technologies. 21 June 2004, test flight of <a href="/w/index.php?title=SpaceShipOne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpaceShipOne（页面不存在）">SpaceShipOne</a>, a contender for the X PRIZE, was the first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_spaceflight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human spaceflight（页面不存在）">human spaceflight</a> in a privately developed and operated vehicle. On 27 September 2004, following the success of SpaceShipOne, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a>, owner of <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Group">Virgin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burt_Rutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burt Rutan（页面不存在）">Burt Rutan</a>, SpaceShipOne's designer, announced that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic（页面不存在）">Virgin Galactic</a> had licensed the craft's technology, and were planning commercial space flights in 2.5 to 3 years. A fleet of five craft (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SpaceShipTwo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpaceShipTwo（页面不存在）">SpaceShipTwo</a>, launched from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=WhiteKnightTwo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WhiteKnightTwo（页面不存在）">WhiteKnightTwo</a> carrier airplane) were to be constructed, and flights would be offered at around $200,000 each, although Branson said he planned to use this money to make flights more affordable in the long term. A test flight of SpaceShipTwo in October 2014 resulted in a crash during one of the two pilots died.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In December 2004, United States President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> signed into law the Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The Act resolved the regulatory ambiguity surrounding private spaceflights and is designed to promote the development of the emerging U.S. commercial human space flight industry. On 12 July 2006, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Aerospace（页面不存在）">Bigelow Aerospace</a> launched the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genesis_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genesis I（页面不存在）">Genesis I</a>, a subscale pathfinder of an orbital space station module. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genesis_II_(space_habitat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genesis II (space habitat)（页面不存在）">Genesis II</a> was launched on 28 June 2007, and there are plans for additional prototypes to be launched in preparation for the production model <a href="/w/index.php?title=BA_330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BA 330（页面不存在）">BA 330</a> spacecraft.[<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#updates" title="Talk:民营航天">需要更新</a>] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero2infinity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zero2infinity（页面不存在）">Zero2infinity</a>, a Spanish aerospace company, is developing a <a href="/w/index.php?title=High-altitude_balloon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High-altitude balloon（页面不存在）">high-altitude balloon</a>-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Launch_vehicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Launch vehicle（页面不存在）">launch vehicle</a> termed a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bloostar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloostar（页面不存在）">bloostar</a> to launch small satellites to orbit for customers, as well as platform for near-space tourism.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_View_Enterprises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World View Enterprises（页面不存在）">World View</a>, a stratospheric balloon exploration company based in Tucson, Ariz., is similarly leveraging its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stratospheric_balloon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stratospheric balloon（页面不存在）">stratospheric balloon</a> technology to launch its remote sensing services<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> for government and commercial customers, as well as developing its own space tourism offering that would lift passengers up to 100,000 feet for a 6-8 journey.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Similar projects of stratospheric balloon tourism are being developed by multiple other companies around the world (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zephalto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zephalto（页面不存在）">Zephalto</a>,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Space Perspective,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> ...), though none has yet made a high altitude crewed flight (as of Feb. 2021). On July 11, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic（页面不存在）">Virgin Galactic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic_Unity_22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic Unity 22（页面不存在）">made the first successful flight to space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> On July 20, 2021, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Origin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Origin（页面不存在）">Blue Origin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Origin_NS-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Origin NS-16（页面不存在）">also made a successful flight to space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> On September 16, 2021, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crew_Dragon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crew Dragon（页面不存在）">Crew Dragon</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crew_Dragon_Resilience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crew Dragon Resilience（页面不存在）">Resilience</a> <a href="/wiki/Inspiration4" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspiration4">Inspiration4</a> mission operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space X（页面不存在）">Space X</a> became the first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_spaceflight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital spaceflight（页面不存在）">orbital spaceflight</a> with only private citizens aboard. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_foundations">Private foundations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：Private foundations">编辑</a>]</div> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=B612_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B612 Foundation（页面不存在）">B612 Foundation</a> was<a href="#cite_note-cancel1-75">[75]</a> designing and building an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteroid（页面不存在）">asteroid</a>-finding space telescope named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentinel_Space_Telescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentinel Space Telescope（页面不存在）">Sentinel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-B612-20120913-76">[76]</a> It would have launched in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-B612-20120919-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Planetary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="The Planetary Society">The Planetary Society</a>, a nonprofit space research and advocacy organization, has sponsored a series of small satellites to test the feasibility of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_sail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar sail（页面不存在）">solar sail</a>ing. Their first such project, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmos_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmos 1（页面不存在）">Cosmos 1</a>, was launched in 2005 but failed to reach space, and was succeeded by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lightsail-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lightsail-1（页面不存在）">Lightsail</a> series, the first of which launched on 20 May 2015. A second spacecraft is expected to launch in 2016 on a more complex mission.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copenhagen_Suborbitals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copenhagen Suborbitals（页面不存在）">Copenhagen Suborbitals</a> is a crowd funded amateur crewed space programme. 截至2016年 (2016-Missing required parameter 1=month!)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a> it has flown four home-built rockets and two mock-up space capsules. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发展计划">发展计划</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：发展计划">编辑</a>]</div> Many have speculated on where private spaceflight may go in the near future. Numerous projects of orbital and suborbital launch systems for satellites and crewed flights exist. Some orbital crewed missions would be state-sponsored like most COTS participants. (that develop their own launch systems). Another possibility is for paid suborbital tourism on craft like those from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgin_Galactic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgin Galactic（页面不存在）">Virgin Galactic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Adventures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Adventures（页面不存在）">Space Adventures</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=XCOR_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XCOR Aerospace（页面不存在）">XCOR Aerospace</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RocketShip_Tours&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RocketShip Tours（页面不存在）">RocketShip Tours</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARCASPACE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARCASPACE（页面不存在）">ARCASPACE</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PlanetSpace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PlanetSpace（页面不存在）">PlanetSpace</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Arrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Arrow（页面不存在）">Canadian Arrow</a>, British <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starchaser_Industries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starchaser Industries（页面不存在）">Starchaser Industries</a> or non-commercial like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copenhagen_Suborbitals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copenhagen Suborbitals（页面不存在）">Copenhagen Suborbitals</a>. Additionally, suborbital spacecraft have applications for faster intercontinental package delivery and passenger flight. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_orbital_spaceflight,_space_stations">Private orbital spaceflight, space stations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：Private orbital spaceflight, space stations">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falcon_9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falcon 9（页面不存在）">Falcon 9</a> rocket, first launched in 2010 with no passengers,<a href="#cite_note-sfn20100604-79">[79]</a> was designed to be subsequently <a href="/w/index.php?title=Human-rating_certification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human-rating certification（页面不存在）">human-rated</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas V（页面不存在）">Atlas V</a> launch vehicle is also a contender for human-rating. Plans and a full-scale prototype for the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Dragon">SpaceX Dragon</a>, a capsule capable of carrying up to seven passengers, were announced in March 2006,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dragon_V2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dragon V2（页面不存在）">Dragon version 2</a> flight hardware was unveiled in May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-aw20140530-81">[81]</a> 截至2014年9月 (2014-09)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a>, both SpaceX and <a href="/wiki/CST-100" class="mw-redirect" title="CST-100">Boeing</a> have received contracts from NASA to complete building, testing, and flying up to six flights of human-rated space capsules to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> beginning in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In December 2010, SpaceX launched the second Falcon 9 and the first operational Dragon spacecraft. The mission was deemed fully successful, marking the first launch to space, atmospheric reentry and recovery of a capsule by a private company. Subsequent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services（页面不存在）">COTS</a> missions included increasingly complex orbital tasks, culminating in Dragon first docking to the ISS in 2012. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Aerospace（页面不存在）">Bigelow Aerospace</a> develops <a href="/w/index.php?title=BA_330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BA 330（页面不存在）">BA 330</a> module (based on the former NASA <a href="/w/index.php?title=TransHab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TransHab（页面不存在）">TransHab</a> design) intended to be used for activities like microgravity research, space manufacturing, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_tourism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space tourism（页面不存在）">space tourism</a> with modules serving as orbital "hotels". To promote private crewed launch efforts, Bigelow offered the US$50 million <a href="/w/index.php?title=America%27s_Space_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="America's Space Prize（页面不存在）">America's Space Prize</a> for the first US-based privately funded team to launch a crewed reusable spacecraft to orbit on or before 10 January 2010; such feat is yet to be achieved 截至2018年12月 (2018-12)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a>. The British Government partnered in 2015 with the <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-disambig" title="ESA">ESA</a> to promote a possibly commercial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-stage_to_orbit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single-stage to orbit（页面不存在）">single-stage to orbit</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spaceplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spaceplane（页面不存在）">spaceplane</a> concept called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skylon_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skylon (spacecraft)（页面不存在）">Skylon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> This design was pioneered by the privately held <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaction_Engines_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaction Engines Limited（页面不存在）">Reaction Engines Limited</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> a company founded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bond_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Bond (engineer)（页面不存在）">Alan Bond</a> after <a href="/w/index.php?title=HOTOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HOTOL（页面不存在）">HOTOL</a> was canceled.<a href="#cite_note-ReactionEngines1-86">[86]</a> As of 2012, private company <a href="/w/index.php?title=NanoRacks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NanoRacks（页面不存在）">NanoRacks</a> provides commercial access to the US National Laboratory space on the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (ISS). Science experiments can be conducted on a variety of standard rack-sized experimental platforms, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_standard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International standard（页面不存在）">standard</a> interfaces for power and data acquisition.<a href="#cite_note-forbes20130304-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> announced that Japanese entrepreneur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusaku_Maezawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusaku Maezawa（页面不存在）">Yusaku Maezawa</a> will launch with the dearMoon crew in 2023 to become to first civilian on a lunar Starship mission.<a href="#cite_note-:1-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On-orbit_propellant_depots">On-orbit propellant depots</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：On-orbit propellant depots">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Propellant_depot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propellant depot（页面不存在）">Propellant depot</a></div> In a presentation given 15 November 2005 to the 52nd Annual Conference of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Astronautical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Astronautical Society（页面不存在）">American Astronautical Society</a>, NASA Administrator <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_D._Griffin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael D. Griffin（页面不存在）">Michael D. Griffin</a> suggested that establishing an on-orbit propellant depot is, "Exactly the type of enterprise which should be left to industry and to the marketplace."<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> At the Space Technology and Applications International Forum in 2007, Dallas Bienhoff of <a href="/wiki/Boeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> made a presentation detailing the benefits of propellant depots.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_Energy_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shackleton Energy Company（页面不存在）">Shackleton Energy Company</a> has established operational plans, an extensive teaming and industrial consortium for developing LEO Propellant Depots supplied by Lunar polar sourced water ice.<a href="#cite_note-ss20121214c-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asteroid_mining">Asteroid mining</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：Asteroid mining">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asteroidmining.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Asteroidmining.jpg/220px-Asteroidmining.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Asteroidmining.jpg/330px-Asteroidmining.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Asteroidmining.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Artists impression of an asteroid mining spacecraft</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroid_mining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteroid mining（页面不存在）">Asteroid mining</a></div> Some have speculated on the profitability of <a href="/wiki/Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining">mining</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal（页面不存在）">metal</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteroids（页面不存在）">asteroids</a>. According to some estimates, a one kilometer-diameter asteroid would contain 30 million tons of nickel, 1.5 million tons of metal <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-disambig" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> and 7,500tons of <a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">platinum</a>; the platinum alone would have a value of more than $150 billion at 2008 terrestrial prices.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_elevators">Space elevators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：Space elevators">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_elevator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space elevator（页面不存在）">Space elevator</a></div> A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_elevator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space elevator（页面不存在）">space elevator</a> system is a possible launch system, currently under investigation by at least one private venture.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> There are concerns over cost, general feasibility and some political issues. On the plus side the potential to scale the system to accommodate traffic would (in theory) be greater than some other alternatives. Some factions contend that a space elevator — if successful — would not supplant existing launch solutions but complement them. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-launched_efforts">Non-launched efforts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：Non-launched efforts">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_spaceflight_ventures">Failed spaceflight ventures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：Failed spaceflight ventures">编辑</a>]</div> After earlier first effort of <a href="/w/index.php?title=OTRAG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTRAG（页面不存在）">OTRAG</a>, in the 1990s the projection of a significant demand for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communications_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communications satellite（页面不存在）">communications satellite</a> launches attracted the development of a number of commercial space launch providers. The launch demand largely vanished when some of the largest satellite constellations, such as 288 satellite <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teledesic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teledesic（页面不存在）">Teledesic</a> network, were never built. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg/220px-X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg/330px-X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg/440px-X-33_Venture_Star_in_Orbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=VentureStar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VentureStar（页面不存在）">VentureStar</a></figcaption></figure> In 1996, <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> selected <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skunk_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skunk Works（页面不存在）">Skunk Works</a> to build the X-33 <a href="/w/index.php?title=VentureStar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VentureStar（页面不存在）">VentureStar</a> prototype for a single stage to orbit (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SSTO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSTO（页面不存在）">SSTO</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reusable_launch_vehicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reusable launch vehicle（页面不存在）">reusable launch vehicle</a>. In 1999, the subscale X-33 prototype's composite liquid hydrogen fuel tank failed during testing. At project termination on 31 March 2001, NASA had funded US$912 million of this wedge shaped spacecraft while Lockheed Martin financed US$357 million of it.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=VentureStar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VentureStar（页面不存在）">VentureStar</a> was to have been a full-scale commercial space transport operated by Lockheed Martin. In 1997, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beal_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beal Aerospace（页面不存在）">Beal Aerospace</a> proposed the BA-2, a low-cost heavy-lift commercial launch vehicle. On 4 March 2000, the BA-2 project tested the largest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquid_rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquid rocket（页面不存在）">liquid rocket</a> engine built since the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saturn_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saturn V（页面不存在）">Saturn V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In October 2000, Beal Aerospace ceased operations citing a decision by <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> to commit themselves to the development of the competing government-financed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_Expendable_Launch_Vehicle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle（页面不存在）">EELV</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In 1998, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotary_Rocket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotary Rocket（页面不存在）">Rotary Rocket</a> proposed the Roton, a Single Stage to Orbit (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SSTO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSTO（页面不存在）">SSTO</a>) piloted Vertical Take-off and Landing (<a href="/wiki/VTOL" class="mw-redirect" title="VTOL">VTOL</a>) space transport.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> A full scale Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle flew three times in 1999. After spending tens of millions of dollars in development the Roton failed to secure launch contracts and Rotary Rocket ceased operations in 2001. On 28 September 2006, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Benson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Benson（页面不存在）">Jim Benson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SpaceDev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpaceDev（页面不存在）">SpaceDev</a> founder, announced he was founding <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benson_Space_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benson Space Company（页面不存在）">Benson Space Company</a> with the intention of being first to market with the safest and lowest cost suborbital personal spaceflight launches, using the vertical takeoff and horizontal landing <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_Chaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dream Chaser（页面不存在）">Dream Chaser</a> vehicle based on the NASA HL-20 Personnel Launch System vehicle.[<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9#updates" title="Talk:民营航天">需要更新</a>] <a href="/wiki/Excalibur_Almaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Excalibur Almaz">Excalibur Almaz</a> had plans in 2007 to launch a modernized <a href="/w/index.php?title=TKS_Spacecraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TKS Spacecraft（页面不存在）">TKS Spacecraft</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Almaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> space station), for tourism and other uses. It was to feature the largest window ever on a spacecraft. Their equipment was never launched, and their hangar facility closed in 2016. It is to be converted into an educational exhibit.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Escape_Dynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escape Dynamics（页面不存在）">Escape Dynamics</a> operated from 2010 to 2015, with the goal of making single-stage to orbit spaceplanes.<a href="#cite_note-sn20160206-100">[100]</a> In December 2012, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_Spike_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden Spike Company（页面不存在）">Golden Spike Company</a> announced plans to privately transport space exploration participants to the surface of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon">Moon</a> and return, beginning as early as 2020, for US$750 million per passenger.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=XCOR_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XCOR Aerospace（页面不存在）">XCOR Aerospace</a> planned to initiate a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suborbital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suborbital（页面不存在）">suborbital</a> commercial spaceflight service with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynx_rocketplane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynx rocketplane（页面不存在）">Lynx rocketplane</a> in 2016 or 2017 at $95,000. The first test flights were to be conducted by 23 pilots from the Axe Apollo Space Academy, were planned for 2015.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_space_stations">Private space stations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：Private space stations">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Commercial_Space_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Commercial Space Station（页面不存在）">Bigelow Commercial Space Station</a></div> By 2010, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigelow_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigelow Aerospace（页面不存在）">Bigelow Aerospace</a> was developing the Next-Generation Commercial Space Station, a private orbital space complex. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space station（页面不存在）">space station</a> was to have been constructed of both <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundancer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundancer（页面不存在）">Sundancer</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=B330&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B330（页面不存在）">B330</a> expandable modules as well as a central <a href="/w/index.php?title=Docking_Compartment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Docking Compartment（页面不存在）">docking node</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacecraft_propulsion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacecraft propulsion（页面不存在）">propulsion</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_panels_on_spacecraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar panels on spacecraft（页面不存在）">solar arrays</a>, and attached <a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">crew capsules</a>. Initial launch of space station components was planned for 2014, with portions of the station projected to be available for leased use as early as 2015.<a href="#cite_note-baocc20100715-105">[105]</a> 截至2021年10月 (2021-10)<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit">[update]</a>, no launches have taken place. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_private_ventures">Lunar private ventures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：Lunar private ventures">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_on_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism on Moon（页面不存在）">Tourism on Moon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Robotic_Lunar-surface_missions">Robotic Lunar-surface missions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：Robotic Lunar-surface missions">编辑</a>]</div> The following companies and organizations had made initial funded launch commitments for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Lunar_X_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google Lunar X Prize（页面不存在）">Google Lunar X Prize</a>-related <a href="/wiki/Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon">Lunar</a> launches in 2016: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moon_Express&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moon Express（页面不存在）">Moon Express</a><a href="#cite_note-lat20110408a-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SpaceIL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpaceIL（页面不存在）">SpaceIL</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synergy_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synergy Moon（页面不存在）">Synergy Moon</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Team_Indus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Team Indus（页面不存在）">Team Indus</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakuto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakuto（页面不存在）">Hakuto</a> (ispace)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_Lunar-surface_crewed_expeditions">Private Lunar-surface crewed expeditions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：Private Lunar-surface crewed expeditions">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_Energy_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shackleton Energy Company（页面不存在）">Shackleton Energy Company</a><a href="#cite_note-ieee200906-111">[111]</a> intends to undertake human tended lunar prospecting for water ice. If significant reserves of ice are located, they plan to establish a network of "refueling service stations" in low Earth orbit and on the Moon to process and provide fuel and consumables for commercial and government customers. If the prospecting is successful—ice deposits are located, the appropriate legal regime is in place to support commercial development, and the ice can be extracted — Shackleton proposes to establish a fuel-processing operation on the lunar surface and in propellant depots in Low Earth Orbit. Equipment would melt the ice and purify the water, "electrolyze the water into gaseous hydrogen and oxygen, and then condense the gases into liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and also process them into hydrogen peroxide, all of which could be used as rocket fuels."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mars_exploration">Mars exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：Mars exploration">编辑</a>]</div> In June 2012, private <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> non-profit, <a href="/wiki/Mars_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars One">Mars One</a>, announced a private one-way (no return) human mission to <a href="/wiki/Mars" class="mw-disambig" title="Mars">Mars</a> with the aim to establish a permanent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonization_of_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonization of Mars（页面不存在）">human colony on Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Team-112">[112]</a> The plan was to send a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Communication_satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communication satellite（页面不存在）">communication satellite</a> and pathfinder lander to the planet by 2016 and, after several stages, land four humans on the Martian surface for permanent settlement in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-satellite-113">[113]</a> A new set of four <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronaut（页面不存在）">astronaut</a>s would then arrive every two years.<a href="#cite_note-Reality-114">[114]</a> Mars One has received a variety of criticism, mostly relating to medical,<a href="#cite_note-WIRED-20140212-115">[115]</a> technical and financial feasibility. There are also unverified claims that Mars One is a scam designed to take as much money as possible from donors, including reality show contestants.<a href="#cite_note-techspot.com-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-117">[117]</a> Many have criticized the project's US$6 billion budget as being too low to successfully transport humans to Mars, to the point of being delusional.<a href="#cite_note-Day_20152-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-delusional-119">[119]</a> A similar project study by NASA estimated the cost of such a feat at US$100 billion, although that included transporting the astronauts back to Earth. Objections have also been raised regarding the reality TV project associated with the expedition. Given the transient nature of most reality TV ventures, many believe that as viewership declines, funding could significantly decrease, thereby harming the entire expedition. Further, contestants have reported that they were ranked based on their donations and funds raised.<a href="#cite_note-techspot.com-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In February 2013, the US nonprofit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspiration_Mars_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation（页面不存在）">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a> announced a plan to send a married couple on a 2018 mission to travel to Mars and back to Earth on a 501-day round trip, with no landing planned on Mars.<a href="#cite_note-pm20130227-121">[121]</a> The mission would have taken advantage of an infrequently occurring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_return_trajectory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free return trajectory（页面不存在）">free return trajectory</a>—a unique orbit opportunity which occurs only once every fifteen years—and will allow the <a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">space capsule</a> to use the smallest possible amount of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocket_propellant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocket propellant（页面不存在）">fuel</a> to get it to Mars and back to Earth. The two-person American crew – a man and a woman – will orbit around Mars at a distance of 100英里（160公里） of the surface.<a href="#cite_note-awst20130304-122">[122]</a> "If anything goes wrong, the spacecraft should make its own way back to Earth — but with no possibility of any shortcuts home."<a href="#cite_note-independent20130228-123">[123]</a> On September 27, 2016, at the 67th annual meeting of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Astronautical_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Astronautical Congress（页面不存在）">International Astronautical Congress</a>, Elon Musk unveiled substantial details of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_Transport_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interplanetary Transport System（页面不存在）">Interplanetary Transport System</a> (ITS) design for the transport vehicles—including size, construction material, number and type of engines, thrust, cargo and passenger payload capabilities, on-orbit propellant-tanker refills, representative transit times, etc.—as well as a few details of portions of the Mars-side and Earth-side infrastructure that SpaceX intends to build to support the flight vehicles. In addition, Musk championed a larger <a href="/w/index.php?title=Systems_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systems theory（页面不存在）">systemic vision</a>, a vision for a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_order&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous order（页面不存在）">bottom-up</a> <a href="/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">emergent order</a> of other interested parties—whether companies, individuals, or governments—to utilize the new and radically lower-cost transport infrastructure to build up a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonization_of_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonization of Mars（页面不存在）">sustainable human civilization on Mars</a>, potentially, on numerous other locations around the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solar_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solar System（页面不存在）">Solar System</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovating</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supply_(economics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supply (economics)（页面不存在）">meeting</a> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demand（页面不存在）">demand</a> that such a growing venture would occasion.<a href="#cite_note-ars20160928-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn20161010-125">[125]</a> In July 2017, SpaceX made public plans for ITS based on a smaller launch vehicle and spacecraft. The new system architecture has "evolved quite a bit" since the November 2016 articulation of the very large "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Interplanetary_Transport_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interplanetary Transport System（页面不存在）">Interplanetary Transport System</a>". A key driver of the new architecture is to make the new system useful for substantial Earth-orbit and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cislunar_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cislunar space（页面不存在）">cislunar</a> launches so that the new system might <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rate_of_return&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rate of return（页面不存在）">pay for itself</a>, in part, through economic spaceflight activities in the near-Earth space zone.<a href="#cite_note-issR&Dconf20170719-49:48-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-20170929-127">[127]</a> The Super Heavy is designed to fulfill the Mars transportation goals while also launching satellites, servicing the <a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a>, flying humans and cargo to the Moon, and enabling ballistic transport of passengers on Earth as a substitute to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Long-haul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long-haul（页面不存在）">long-haul</a> airline flights.<a href="#cite_note-neowin-20170929-128">[128]</a> Since March 2020, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> conducted several test flights of their <a href="/w/index.php?title=SpaceX_Starship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpaceX Starship（页面不存在）">Starship</a> spacecraft. The Starship is a fully reusable two-stage vehicle designed to take passengers and cargo to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. SpaceX had initially planned to have an orbital-flight in 2021. On Wednesday, May 5, 2021, the twelfth Starship prototype (SN15) made a 10 km suborbital flight and achieved soft landing. SpaceX is currently in the process of improving and understanding the Starship spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-:1-88">[88]</a> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见">参见</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：参见">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Portal:航天">航天主题</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_private_spaceflight_companies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of private spaceflight companies（页面不存在）">List of private spaceflight companies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_commercial_space_stations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of commercial space stations（页面不存在）">List of commercial space stations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Spaceflight_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commercial Spaceflight Federation（页面不存在）">Commercial Spaceflight Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinlein_Prize_for_Advances_in_Space_Commercialization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinlein Prize for Advances in Space Commercialization（页面不存在）">Heinlein Prize for Advances in Space Commercialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="载人航天">载人航天</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L5_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L5 Society（页面不存在）">L5 Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%E5%A5%96%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="X奖基金会">X奖基金会</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceadventures.com/experiences/circumlunar-mission/">Circumlunar mission</a>. Space Adventures. [2015-02-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212024114/http://www.spaceadventures.com/experiences/circumlunar-mission/">存档</a>于2015-02-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Circumlunar+mission&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Space+Adventures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceadventures.com%2Fexperiences%2Fcircumlunar-mission%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Jaeger1986-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Jaeger1986_2-0">^</a> <cite class="citation conference">Jaeger, Ralph-W.; Claudon, Jean-Louis. Ariane — The first commercial space transportation system. Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science 2. Tokyo, Japan: AGNE Publishing, Inc. 1986-05 (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986spte.conf.1431J">Bibcode:1986spte.conf.1431J</a>. A87-32276 13-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.au=Claudon%2C+Jean-Louis&rft.au=Jaeger%2C+Ralph-W.&rft.btitle=Ariane+%E2%80%94+The+first+commercial+space+transportation+system&rft.date=1986-05&rft.genre=conference&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pub=AGNE+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986spte.conf.1431J&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|publication-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-arianespace1980-3"><a href="#cite_ref-arianespace1980_3-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080218002917/http://www.arianespace.com/site/about/arianespace_today_sub_index.html">Arianespace was founded in 1980 as the world's first launch services company</a>. arianespace.com. [2008-03-07]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arianespace.com/site/about/arianespace_today_sub_index.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-02-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Arianespace+was+founded+in+1980+as+the+world%27s+first+launch+services+company&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=arianespace.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arianespace.com%2Fsite%2Fabout%2Farianespace_today_sub_index.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-gm20120205-4"><a href="#cite_ref-gm20120205_4-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Szondy, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizmag.com/date-set-for-spacex-dragon-launch/20810/">SpaceX Dragon's ultimate mission is Mars colonization</a>. Gizmag. 2012-02-05 [2012-02-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121001065808/http://www.gizmag.com/date-set-for-spacex-dragon-launch/20810/">存档</a>于2012-10-01）. <q>For decades after that first launch, space flight was a government monopoly. Even when private companies started going into space in the 1990s, it was only as providers of launch services to send commercial and government satellites into orbit. Now, all that is changing as private enterprise takes over space exploration in a manner not seen since the early days of the Hudson's Bay Company.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=SpaceX+Dragon%27s+ultimate+mission+is+Mars+colonization&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Szondy&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gizmag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizmag.com%2Fdate-set-for-spacex-dragon-launch%2F20810%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo20160819-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wapo20160819_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo20160819_5-1">5.1</a> <cite class="citation news">Davenport, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/the-billionaire-space-barons-and-the-next-giant-leap/2016/08/19/795a4012-6307-11e6-8b27-bb8ba39497a2_story.html">The inside story of how billionaires are racing to take you to outer space</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>. 2016-08-19 [2016-08-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119140724/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/the-billionaire-space-barons-and-the-next-giant-leap/2016/08/19/795a4012-6307-11e6-8b27-bb8ba39497a2_story.html">存档</a>于2016-11-19）. <q>the government’s monopoly on space travel is over</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=The+inside+story+of+how+billionaires+are+racing+to+take+you+to+outer+space&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.date=2016-08-19&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fthe-billionaire-space-barons-and-the-next-giant-leap%2F2016%2F08%2F19%2F795a4012-6307-11e6-8b27-bb8ba39497a2_story.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ieee201201-6"><a href="#cite_ref-ieee201201_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Oberg, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/aviation/private-spaceflight-up-up-and-away">Private Spaceflight: Up, Up, and Away</a>. IEEE Spectrum. 2012-01 [2011-12-31]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108084620/https://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/aviation/private-spaceflight-up-up-and-away">存档</a>于2012-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Private+Spaceflight%3A+Up%2C+Up%2C+and+Away&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Oberg&rft.date=2012-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Spectrum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrum.ieee.org%2Faerospace%2Faviation%2Fprivate-spaceflight-up-up-and-away&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-belfiore2007-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-belfiore2007_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-belfiore2007_7-1">7.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Belfiore, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rocketeershowvis00belf">Rocketeers: how a visionary band of business leaders, engineers, and pilots is boldly privatizing space</a><img alt="需要免费注册" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. New York: Smithsonian Books. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-06-114903-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-06-114903-0">ISBN 978-0-06-114903-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.btitle=Rocketeers%3A+how+a+visionary+band+of+business+leaders%2C+engineers%2C+and+pilots+is+boldly+privatizing+space&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-06-114903-0&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frocketeershowvis00belf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E7%99%BB%E5%85%A5%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有內容需登入查看的頁面">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-tc20200818-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tc20200818_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tc20200818_8-1">8.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/08/18/private-space-industrialization-is-here/">Private space industrialization is here</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220810011244/https://techcrunch.com/2020/08/18/private-space-industrialization-is-here/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Kokorich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Kokorich（页面不存在）">Mikhail Kokorich</a>, <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>, 18 August 2020, accessed 25 August 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-9"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_9-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceadventures.com/experiences/circumlunar-mission/">Circumlunar mission</a>. 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[2008-04-01]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080331120500/http://www.bigelowaerospace.com/news/?Special_Announcement">存档</a>于2008-03-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Special+Announcement&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=bigelowaerospace.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigelowaerospace.com%2Fnews%2F%3FSpecial_Announcement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-stAriane20130301-11"><a href="#cite_ref-stAriane20130301_11-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Engel, Max. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satellitetoday.com/via/satellitegetspersonal/Launch-Market-on-Cusp-of-Change_40648.html">Launch Market on Cusp of Change</a>. Satellite Today. 2013-03-01 [2013-02-15]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130218050904/http://www.satellitetoday.com/via/satellitegetspersonal/Launch-Market-on-Cusp-of-Change_40648.html">存档</a>于2013-02-18）. <q>Although some governments funded vehicle development in different ways, there were no vehicles that were not the product of some form of fairly direct governmental support. Even Ariane, the most "commercial" of launch vehicles, was commercial in operation only, not in inception and development, and could easily call on government support when things went wrong.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Launch+Market+on+Cusp+of+Change&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.aulast=Engel&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Satellite+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Fvia%2Fsatellitegetspersonal%2FLaunch-Market-on-Cusp-of-Change_40648.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113040347/http://www.arianespace.com/site/about/milestones_sub_index.html">Milestones</a>. Arianespace.com. 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United States Department of State. 1976-07-06 [2010-04-26]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810011208/https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=183768&dt=2082&dl=1345">存档</a>于2022-08-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Space+Transportation+-+Critical+Newspaper+Article+on+Shuttle+Program&rft.date=1976-07-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faad.archives.gov%2Faad%2Fcreatepdf%3Frid%3D183768%26dt%3D2082%26dl%3D1345&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-1978:October:Zuckerman-15"><a href="#cite_ref-1978:October:Zuckerman_15-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Zuckerman, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/farms-on-the-asteroids-hotels-on-the-moon-39885/">Farms on the Asteroids: Hotels on the Moon</a>. www.rollingstone.com. 1978-10-19 [2022-08-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104111712/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/farms-on-the-asteroids-hotels-on-the-moon-39885/">存档</a>于2022-11-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Farms+on+the+Asteroids%3A+Hotels+on+the+Moon&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.aulast=Zuckerman&rft.date=1978-10-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rollingstone.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Fculture-news%2Ffarms-on-the-asteroids-hotels-on-the-moon-39885%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-vance2015-16"><a href="#cite_ref-vance2015_16-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Vance, Ashlee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elonmuskteslaspa0000vanc_v0j1">Elon Musk : Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</a>. New York: HarperCollins. 2015: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elonmuskteslaspa0000vanc_v0j1/page/15">15</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-06-230123-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-06-230123-9">ISBN 978-0-06-230123-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.aufirst=Ashlee&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk+%3A+Tesla%2C+SpaceX%2C+and+the+Quest+for+a+Fantastic+Future&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-06-230123-9&rft.pages=15&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felonmuskteslaspa0000vanc_v0j1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc20141203-17"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc20141203_17-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30251863">Europe to press ahead with Ariane 6 rocket</a>. BBC News. [2015-06-25]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715063455/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30251863">存档</a>于2015-07-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Europe+to+press+ahead+with+Ariane+6+rocket&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-30251863&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-fp20131209-18"><a href="#cite_ref-fp20131209_18-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Belfiore, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/12/02/the_rocketeer_elon_musk">The Rocketeer</a>. Foreign Policy. 2013-12-09 [2013-12-11]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131210233009/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/12/02/the_rocketeer_elon_musk">存档</a>于2013-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=The+Rocketeer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Belfiore&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F12%2F02%2Fthe_rocketeer_elon_musk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj20150917-19"><a href="#cite_ref-wsj20150917_19-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Pasztor, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-rocket-supplier-looks-to-break-short-leash-1437339519">U.S. Rocket Supplier Looks to Break 'Short Leash'</a>. Wall Street Journal. 2015-09-17 [2015-10-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016131431/http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-rocket-supplier-looks-to-break-short-leash-1437339519">存档</a>于2015-10-16）. <q> The aerospace giants [Boeing Co. and Lockheed Martin Corp.] shared almost $500 million in equity profits from the rocket-making venture last year, when it still had a monopoly on the business of blasting the Pentagon's most important satellites into orbit. But since then, 'they've had us on a very short leash', Tory Bruno, United Launch's chief executive, said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=U.S.+Rocket+Supplier+Looks+to+Break+%27Short+Leash%27&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.aulast=Pasztor&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fu-s-rocket-supplier-looks-to-break-short-leash-1437339519&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wired20121227-20"><a href="#cite_ref-wired20121227_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Mann, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/12/audacious-space-companies-2012/">The Year's Most Audacious Private Space Exploration Plans</a>. Wired. 2012-12-27 [2013-01-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117134652/http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/12/audacious-space-companies-2012/">存档</a>于2013-01-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=The+Year%27s+Most+Audacious+Private+Space+Exploration+Plans&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fwiredscience%2F2012%2F12%2Faudacious-space-companies-2012%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph20130611-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph20130611_21-0">21.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph20130611_21-1">21.1</a> <cite class="citation news">Hanlon, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/10112069/Roll-up-for-the-Red-Planet.html">Roll up for the Red Planet</a>. The Telegraph. 2013-06-11 [2013-06-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411020313/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/10112069/Roll-up-for-the-Red-Planet.html">存档</a>于2015-04-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Roll+up+for+the+Red+Planet&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2F10112069%2FRoll-up-for-the-Red-Planet.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-uscbo19861001-22"><a href="#cite_ref-uscbo19861001_22-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/59xx/doc5935/doc24c-Entire.pdf">Setting Space Transportation Policy for the 1990s</a> (PDF). US Congression Budget Office. 1986-10-01 [2008-02-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080213085324/http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/59xx/doc5935/doc24c-Entire.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2008-02-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Setting+Space+Transportation+Policy+for+the+1990s&rft.date=1986-10-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=US+Congression+Budget+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbo.gov%2Fftpdocs%2F59xx%2Fdoc5935%2Fdoc24c-Entire.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bromberg1999-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bromberg1999_23-0">23.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bromberg1999_23-1">23.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Bromberg, Joan Lisa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-UebVg1YqsoC&pg=PA186">NASA and the Space Industry</a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. 1999: 186. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8018-6532-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8018-6532-9">ISBN 978-0-8018-6532-9</a>. <q>"On the other hand, NASA resisted the buildup of a commercial launch industry. Launching was for many years an enterprise that was run by a de facto partnership of NASA and the companies from which NASA bought launchers and launch services. NASA proposed to put an end to that enterprise in the 1980s; it sought to enthrone the shuttle as the nation's commercial, as well as government, launcher. The prospect of erecting a private sector launch industry alongside the NASA shuttle was discussed, but it did not become a reality because the shuttle was too tough a competitor for private vehicles. Only the grounding of the shuttle after the Challenger accident allowed the commercial launch industry to get started".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.aufirst=Joan+Lisa&rft.aulast=Bromberg&rft.btitle=NASA+and+the+Space+Industry&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6532-9&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-UebVg1YqsoC%26pg%3DPA186&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/spp/military/docops/national/nsdd-42.htm">NSDD-42, National Space Policy, July 4, 1982</a>. fas.org. [2022-08-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019161134/https://fas.org/spp/military/docops/national/nsdd-42.htm">存档</a>于2020-10-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=NSDD-42%2C+National+Space+Policy%2C+July+4%2C+1982&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fspp%2Fmilitary%2Fdocops%2Fnational%2Fnsdd-42.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-094.htm">NSDD - National Security Decision Directives - Reagan Administration</a>. fas.org. [2022-08-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424054952/https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-094.htm">存档</a>于2016-04-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=NSDD+-+National+Security+Decision+Directives+-+Reagan+Administration&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Firp%2Foffdocs%2Fnsdd%2Fnsdd-094.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-csla1984-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csla1984_26-0">26.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-csla1984_26-1">26.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/103084i.htm">Statement on Signing the Commercial Space Launch Act</a>. reagan.utexas.edu. [2008-02-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927081605/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/103084i.htm">存档</a>于2008-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Statement+on+Signing+the+Commercial+Space+Launch+Act&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=reagan.utexas.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reagan.utexas.edu%2Farchives%2Fspeeches%2F1984%2F103084i.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/spp/military/docops/national/policy88.htm">Presidential Directive on National Space Policy, Feb. 11, 1988</a>. fas.org. [2022-08-10]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424101401/https://fas.org/spp/military/docops/national/policy88.htm">存档</a>于2016-04-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Presidential+Directive+on+National+Space+Policy%2C+Feb.+11%2C+1988&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fas.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fspp%2Fmilitary%2Fdocops%2Fnational%2Fpolicy88.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space-frontier.org/commercialspace/lspalaw.txt">$ 2465d. Requirement of US Federal government to procure commercial launch services</a>. space-frontier.org. [2008-02-14]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080204082111/http://www.space-frontier.org/commercialspace/lspalaw.txt">存档</a>于2008-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=%24+2465d.+Requirement+of+US+Federal+government+to+procure+commercial+launch+services&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=space-frontier.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space-frontier.org%2Fcommercialspace%2Flspalaw.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9790&page=1">Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety - Executive Summary</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States National Academy of Sciences（页面不存在）">National Academy of Sciences</a>. [2008-02-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518085130/http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9790&page=1">存档</a>于2013-05-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Streamlining+Space+Launch+Range+Safety+-+Executive+Summary&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.nap.edu%2Fopenbook.php%3Frecord_id%3D9790%26page%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-usg19981028-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usg19981028_30-0">30.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-usg19981028_30-1">30.1</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/offices/ogc/commercial/CommercialSpaceActof1998.html">Public Law 105-303: Commercial Space Act of 1998</a>. NASA Office of the General Counsel - Reference (NASA). 1998-10-28 [2014-12-25]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150202023518/http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ogc/commercial/CommercialSpaceActof1998.html">存档</a>于2015-02-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Public+Law+105-303%3A+Commercial+Space+Act+of+1998&rft.date=1998-10-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA+Office+of+the+General+Counsel+-+Reference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Foffices%2Fogc%2Fcommercial%2FCommercialSpaceActof1998.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asi.org/adb/j/02/legal-roadblocks.html">It's illegal for private enterprise to go into space.</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990218062255/http://www.asi.org/adb/j/02/legal-roadblocks.html">存檔</a>，存档日期1999-02-18. U.S. law regulates private space launches, and the current law is quite unreasonable. A private company wanting to build and launch a rocket faces a mountain of red tape and very long lead times for getting approval from the government. However, although these problems add a tremendous amount of cost to private space launches, there are no laws that prohibit private space launches. </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc2004-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbc2004_32-0">32.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbc2004_32-1">32.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/6682611/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/private-spaceflight-bill-signed-law/">Private Spaceflight Bill Signed into Law</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231001919/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6682611/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/private-spaceflight-bill-signed-law/">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-12-31. The Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, or H.R. 5382, placed a clear legislative stamp on regulations that were being formulated by the Federal Aviation Administration. Among other provisions, the law was intended to let paying passengers fly on suborbital launch vehicles at their own risk. </li> <li id="cite_note-tsr20150526-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsr20150526_33-0">33.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsr20150526_33-1">33.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsr20150526_33-2">33.2</a> <cite class="citation news">Foust, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2759/1">Congress launches commercial space legislation</a>. The Space Review (Space News). 2015-05-26 [2015-06-02]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527063504/http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2759/1">存档</a>于2015-05-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Congress+launches+commercial+space+legislation&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Space+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespacereview.com%2Farticle%2F2759%2F1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaunted.com/story/2014/1/29/17284/7200/travel/Wow.+FAA+Paperwork+Delays+May+Block+Virgin+Galactic+Debut.">Wow. FAA Paperwork Delays May Block Virgin Galactic Debut.</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231035525/http://www.jaunted.com/story/2014/1/29/17284/7200/travel/Wow.+FAA+Paperwork+Delays+May+Block+Virgin+Galactic+Debut.">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-12-31. </li> <li id="cite_note-hr2262-35"><a href="#cite_ref-hr2262_35-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2262">H.R.2262 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act</a>. congress.gov. 2015-11-25 [2015-11-30]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119195538/https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2262">存档</a>于2015-11-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=H.R.2262+%E2%80%93+114th+Congress+%282015%E2%80%932016%29%3A+U.S.+Commercial+Space+Launch+Competitiveness+Act&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=congress.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F114th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F2262&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wired20151112-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wired20151112_36-0">36.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired20151112_36-1">36.1</a> <cite class="citation magazine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-11/12/how-to-mine-asteroids-for-fun-and-profit">Space Act of 2015: American companies could soon mine asteroids for profit (Wired UK)</a>. Wired UK. [2015-11-30]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151204145256/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-11/12/how-to-mine-asteroids-for-fun-and-profit">存档</a>于2015-12-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Space+Act+of+2015%3A+American+companies+could+soon+mine+asteroids+for+profit+%28Wired+UK%29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2015-11%2F12%2Fhow-to-mine-asteroids-for-fun-and-profit&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=16790">Boeing, Lockheed Martin to Form Launch Services Joint Venture</a>. spaceref.com. [2008-02-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209234346/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=16790">存档</a>于2012-12-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Boeing%2C+Lockheed+Martin+to+Form+Launch+Services+Joint+Venture&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=spaceref.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceref.com%2Fnews%2Fviewpr.html%3Fpid%3D16790&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceservicesinc.com/#!company-heritage/c1z05">Heritage: Pioneering the Commercial Space Frontier</a>. Space Services Inc. [2015-08-18]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150803174817/http://www.spaceservicesinc.com/#!company-heritage/c1z05">存档</a>于2015-08-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Heritage%3A+Pioneering+the+Commercial+Space+Frontier&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Space+Services+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceservicesinc.com%2F%23%21company-heritage%2Fc1z05&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Wade, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140210032018/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/matsland.htm">Matagorda Island</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. [2015-08-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/sites/matsland.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Matagorda+Island&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fsites%2Fmatsland.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Tim Furniss, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/first-conestoga-booster-explodes-after-launch/13792.article">First Conestoga booster explodes after launch</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220122080412/https://www.flightglobal.com/first-conestoga-booster-explodes-after-launch/13792.article">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）", 31 October 1995, Flightglobal.com. 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Still big, but this one has a shot at being real on the economic front.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk%2C+ISS+R%26D+Conference&rft.date=2017-07-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.place=ISS+R%26D+Conference%2C+Washington+DC%2C+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBqvBhhTtUm4%3Ft%3D852&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-verge-20170929-127"><a href="#cite_ref-verge-20170929_127-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Grush, Loren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/29/16378802/elon-musk-mars-plan-rocket-spaceship-colonization-iac-2017">Elon Musk plans to put all of SpaceX's resources into its Mars rocket</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. 2017-09-29 [2017-09-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929071320/https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/29/16378802/elon-musk-mars-plan-rocket-spaceship-colonization-iac-2017">存档</a>于2017-09-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk+plans+to+put+all+of+SpaceX%27s+resources+into+its+Mars+rocket&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft.aulast=Grush&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F9%2F29%2F16378802%2Felon-musk-mars-plan-rocket-spaceship-colonization-iac-2017&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-neowin-20170929-128"><a href="#cite_ref-neowin-20170929_128-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Blewitt, Richard Tyr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neowin.net/news/elon-musks-plans-for-the-big-fucking-rocket-mars-moon-and-earth">Elon Musk's plans for the Big Fucking Rocket: Mars, Moon, and Earth</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neowin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neowin（页面不存在）">Neowin</a>. 2017-09-29 [2017-09-29]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929153255/https://www.neowin.net/news/elon-musks-plans-for-the-big-fucking-rocket-mars-moon-and-earth">存档</a>于2017-09-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&rft.atitle=Elon+Musk%27s+plans+for+the+Big+Fucking+Rocket%3A+Mars%2C+Moon%2C+and+Earth&rft.aufirst=Richard+Tyr&rft.aulast=Blewitt&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neowin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neowin.net%2Fnews%2Felon-musks-plans-for-the-big-fucking-rocket-mars-moon-and-earth&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Belfiore, Michael. Rocketeers: How a Visionary Band of Business Leaders, Engineers, and Pilots is Boldly Privatizing Space. Harper Paperbacks, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piers_Bizony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piers Bizony（页面不存在）">Bizony, Piers</a>. How to Build Your Own Spaceship: The Science of Personal Space Travel. Plume, 2009.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接">外部链接</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：外部链接">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hobbyspace.com/AAdmin/archive/SpecialTopics/toSpaceTimeLine.html">Climbing a Commercial Stairway to Space: A Plausible Timeline</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220529001309/http://www.hobbyspace.com/AAdmin/archive/SpecialTopics/toSpaceTimeLine.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） RLV News, 2 February 2006</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070324025146/http://spaceliberates.us/news/an-introduction-to-private-spaceflight/">An Introduction to Private Spaceflight</a> Space Liberates Us!, 20 March 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacefellowship.com/News/?p=5480">Study defining personal spaceflight industry</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210916100152/http://spacefellowship.com/News/?p=5480">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Space Fellowship, 29 May 2008</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政府">政府</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：政府">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060928232121/http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/space/library/reports/2002-10-suborbital-LowRes.pdf">Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles and Applicable Markets</a> DOC OSC, 2002</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="企业风投">企业风投</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：企业风投">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.candspace.com/">C&SPACE</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20051201004619/http://www.candspace.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.starchaser.co.uk/">Starchaser Industries</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210418035704/http://www.starchaser.co.uk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceservicesinc.com/">Space Services, Inc.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150803174817/http://www.spaceservicesinc.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space-frontier.org/commercialspace/">Commercial Space Companies</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090608135939/http://www.space-frontier.org/commercialspace/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at the Space Frontier Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astrobotictech.com">Astrobotic</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120210173755/http://astrobotictech.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒体报道">媒体报道</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：媒体报道">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=12252">A Word from the Know-Nothing Bureaucrats</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">失效連結</a>] NASA union viewpoint on private spaceflight</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space-frontier.org/OpEds/20050214privateindustry.html">Private Industry Can Help NASA Open the Space Frontier</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090505001616/http://www.space-frontier.org/OpEds/20050214privateindustry.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Space Frontier Foundation, 14 February 2005</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Space_tourism" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Space tourism"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="大眾太空旅行" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2" title="太空游客">大眾太空旅行</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="私人航天公司列表（页面不存在）">私人航天公司列表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="私人航天公司列表（页面不存在）">私人太空公司</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%86%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="公理航天">公理航天</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA" title="畢格羅宇航">畢格羅宇航</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%89%B2%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="蓝色起源">蓝色起源</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E7%B6%AD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫哈維航空航天（页面不存在）">莫哈維航空航天</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="軌道科學公司">軌道科學公司</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基斯特火箭飞机（页面不存在）">基斯特火箭飞机</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocketplane_Kistler" class="extiw" title="en:Rocketplane Kistler">Rocketplane Kistler</a>） · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E9%9A%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="太空探險公司">太空探險公司</a> · <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%AE%E5%B0%BA%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="縮尺複合體公司">縮尺複合體公司</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%8F%8D%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3" title="維珍銀河">維珍銀河</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="火箭实验室">火箭实验室</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8D%8E%E8%BE%BE%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="内华达山脉公司">内华达山脉公司</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空船公司（页面不存在）">太空船公司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" class="extiw" title="en:The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B0%E7%8B%B3%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犰狳航空航天公司（页面不存在）">犰狳航空航天公司</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armadillo_Aerospace" class="extiw" title="en:Armadillo Aerospace">Armadillo Aerospace</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%AE%87%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环宇太空（页面不存在）">环宇太空</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XCOR_Aerospace" class="extiw" title="en:XCOR Aerospace">XCOR Aerospace</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">欧洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Astrium" title="Astrium">Astrium</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%88%E6%A0%B9%E4%BA%9A%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥本哈根亚轨道（页面不存在）">哥本哈根亚轨道</a>（丹麥語：<a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_Suborbitals" class="extiw" title="da:Copenhagen Suborbitals">Copenhagen Suborbitals</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%B2%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B" title="星河动力">星河動力</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%99%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80" title="星际荣耀">星際榮耀</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="蓝箭航天">蓝箭航天</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%8E%E5%AE%A2%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="翎客航天">翎客航天</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%A3%B9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="零壹空间">零壹空间</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%B5%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="天兵科技">天兵科技</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E8%93%9D%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="深蓝航天">深蓝航天</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="东方空间">东方空间</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%8E%A7%E8%82%A1%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="吉利控股集团">吉利</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B6%E7%A9%BA%E9%81%93%E5%AE%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="时空道宇（页面不存在）">时空道宇</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%85%89%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="长光卫星技术股份有限公司">长光卫星</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%88%9B%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科创航天（页面不存在）">科创航天</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/140px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/210px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg/280px-ISS-02_Soyuz_TM-32_Taxi_crewmembers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="1226" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">协会組織</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马尼亚航天航空协会（页面不存在）">罗马尼亚航天航空协会</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCA_Space_Corporation" class="extiw" title="en:ARCA Space Corporation">ARCA Space Corporation</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronaute_Club_Europ%C3%A9en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronaute Club Européen（页面不存在）">Astronaute Club Européen</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaute_Club_Europ%C3%A9en" class="extiw" title="en:Astronaute Club Européen">Astronaute Club Européen</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=LiftPort_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LiftPort Group（页面不存在）">LiftPort Group</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiftPort_Group" class="extiw" title="en:LiftPort Group">LiftPort Group</a>） · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%AF%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商業航天聯會（页面不存在）">商業航天聯會</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空旅遊協會（页面不存在）">太空旅遊協會</a>  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Autonomous_Astronauts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Autonomous Astronauts（页面不存在）">Association of Autonomous Astronauts</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Autonomous_Astronauts" class="extiw" title="en:Association of Autonomous Astronauts">Association of Autonomous Astronauts</a>）  · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%89%8D%E6%B2%BF%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空前沿基金會（页面不存在）">太空前沿基金會</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">航天器</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>目前 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%8F%B7%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9" title="联盟号飞船">联盟号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B92%E5%8F%B7" title="龙飞船2号">龙飞船2号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%AA%E5%B8%95%E5%BE%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="新雪帕德火箭">新雪帕德火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B92%E5%8F%B7" title="太空船2号">太空船2号</a></li></ul></li> <li>将来 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%91%9B%E5%80%AB%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="新葛倫火箭">新葛倫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SpaceShip_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpaceShip III（页面不存在）">SpaceShip III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%9F%B3%E6%98%9F%E9%99%85%E8%88%AA%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="波音星际航线">波音星际航线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX%E6%98%9F%E8%89%A6" title="SpaceX星艦">SpaceX星艦</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">太空生活</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="空间站">空间站</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="宇宙殖民地">宇宙殖民地</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="太空移民">太空移民</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空商業化（页面不存在）">太空商業化</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞軌道航天飛機（页面不存在）">亞軌道航天飛機</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E9%96%93%E5%87%86%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙銀河間准貨幣單位（页面不存在）">太空貨幣</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">商业<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="太空競賽">太空競賽</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%96%A9%E9%87%8CX%E5%A4%A7%E7%8D%8E" title="安薩里X大獎">安薩里X大獎</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83X%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%96" title="谷歌月球X大奖">谷歌月球X大奖</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A7%E7%8D%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國太空大獎（页面不存在）">美國太空大獎</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">太空游客</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="已飞" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">已飞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E6%89%98" title="丹尼斯·蒂托">丹尼斯·蒂托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%83%E6%80%9D" title="马克·沙特尔沃思">马克·沙特尔沃思</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格雷戈里·奥尔森（页面不存在）">格雷戈里·奥尔森</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Olsen" class="extiw" title="en:Gregory Olsen">Gregory Olsen</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%AA%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C" title="阿努什·安萨里">阿努什·安萨里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%E5%B0%BC" title="查尔斯·西蒙尼">查尔斯·西蒙尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E8%93%8B%E7%91%9E%E7%89%B9" title="理查·蓋瑞特">理查·蓋瑞特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="盖·拉利伯特">盖·拉利伯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%96%80" title="奧利弗·戴門">奧利弗·戴門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="贾里德·艾萨克曼">贾里德·艾萨克曼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肖恩·普羅克特（页面不存在）">肖恩·普羅克特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian_Proctor" class="extiw" title="en:Sian Proctor">Sian Proctor</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="海莉·阿赛诺">海莉·阿赛诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%8F%C2%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="克里斯多福·森布羅斯基">克里斯多福·森布羅斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%BD%AD%E7%A7%91" title="克里姆·斯彭科">克里姆·斯彭科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E5%88%A9%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E5%88%AB%E5%88%97%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="尤利娅·别列希尔德">尤利娅·别列希尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%B3%BD%E5%8F%8B%E4%BD%9C" title="前泽友作">前泽友作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%87%8E%E9%99%BD%E4%B8%89" title="平野陽三">平野陽三</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉里·康納（页面不存在）">拉里·康納</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Connor" class="extiw" title="en:Larry Connor">Larry Connor</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬克·帕西（页面不存在）">馬克·帕西</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pathy" class="extiw" title="en:Mark Pathy">Mark Pathy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%92%82%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊爾坦·施蒂比（页面不存在）">伊爾坦·施蒂比</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eytan_Stibbe" class="extiw" title="en:Eytan Stibbe">Eytan Stibbe</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">太空旅游 任务</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">完成</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%84%9F4%E8%99%9F" title="靈感4號">靈感4號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%89%B2%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90NS-16" title="藍色起源NS-16">藍色起源NS-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%861%E8%99%9F" title="公理1號">公理1號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%862%E5%8F%B7" title="公理2号">公理2號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%90%863%E5%8F%B7" title="公理3号">公理3號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E6%98%9F%E9%BB%8E%E6%98%8E" title="北极星黎明">北极星黎明</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">取消</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E7%88%B1%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="亲爱的月球">亲爱的月球</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="航天主题" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Template:航天"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Template talk:航天"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:航天"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="航天主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;">综述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="航天动力学">航天动力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B2" title="航天史">航天史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="航天年表">航天年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="太空競賽">太空競賽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="亞洲太空競賽">亞洲太空競賽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天纪录列表">航天纪录列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天相关事故列表">航天事故列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空政策（页面不存在）">太空政策</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Space policy">Space policy</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="中华人民共和国航天">中华人民共和国航天工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="欧盟太空计划">欧盟太空计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="印度空间研究组织">印度空间研究组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="宇宙航空研究開發機構">日本宇宙航空研究开发机构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="俄罗斯航天国家集团">俄罗斯航天国家集团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="苏联太空计划">苏联太空计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="美国太空政策">美国太空政策</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B3%95" title="太空法">太空法</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="外层空间条约">外层空间条约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E6%95%91%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="营救协定">营救协定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A9%BA%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93%E6%89%80%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E6%8D%9F%E5%AE%B3%E4%B9%8B%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="外空物体所造成损害之国际责任公约">太空责任公约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E5%B0%84%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%89%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约">航天器登記公約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="月球协定">月球协定</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="太空作戰">太空作戰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="太空軍">太空軍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空军事化（页面不存在）">太空军事化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Militarisation of space">Militarisation of space</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">商業太空飛行／私人航天器</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天"><img alt="航天" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/125px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/188px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/250px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="空间科学">应用</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="空间望远镜">天文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="地球观测卫星">地球观测</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="卫星影像">影像及地圖制作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E8%B0%8D%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="间谍卫星">间谍情報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="氣象衛星">气象及環境監控</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="通訊衛星">卫星通信</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8A%E7%BD%91" title="卫星上网">卫星互联网接入</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫星无线电（页面不存在）">卫星无线电</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_radio" class="extiw" title="en:Satellite radio">Satellite radio</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="卫星电话">卫星电话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86" title="卫星电视">卫星电视</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="卫星导航系统">卫星导航系统</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空商業用途（页面不存在）">太空商業用途</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Commercial use of space">Commercial use of space</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空軍事化（页面不存在）">太空軍事化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarisation_of_space" class="extiw" title="en:Militarisation of space">Militarisation of space</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空建筑学（页面不存在）">太空建筑学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Space architecture">Space architecture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索">太空探索</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空研究（页面不存在）">太空研究</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_research" class="extiw" title="en:Space research">Space research</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="航天技术">航天技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" title="太空天氣">太空天氣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="载人航天">载人航天</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;">综合</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98" title="宇航员">宇航员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生命保障系统">生命保障系统</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="進入太空的動物">太空動物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天生物学（页面不存在）">航天生物学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioastronautics" class="extiw" title="en:Bioastronautics">Bioastronautics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%8D" title="航天服">航天服</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="舱外活动">舱外活动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E8%A7%80%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="總觀效應">總觀效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E9%87%8D" title="失重">失重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%B8%B8%E5%AE%A2" title="太空游客">太空游客</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="太空移民">太空移民</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;">航天计划</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="東方計劃">東方</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="水星计划">水星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%87%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="上升计划">上升</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%A7%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="双子座计划">双子座</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="联盟计划">联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿波罗计划">阿波罗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="天空实验室">天空实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97-%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿波罗-联盟测试计划">阿波罗-联盟测试</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="美國太空梭計劃">美國太空梭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="和平号空间站">和平号空间站</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD-%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="太空梭-和平号计划">太空梭-和平号</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="国际空间站">国际空间站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="中国载人航天工程">中国载人航天工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="中国空间站工程">中国空间站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%AA%E5%B8%95%E5%BE%B7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="新雪帕德火箭">新雪帕德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%B3%E5%BF%92%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿耳忒弥斯计划">阿耳忒弥斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:transparent;">健康問題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%B0%8D%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="太空航行對人體的影響">太空航行對人體的影響</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天适应综合症（页面不存在）">航天适应综合症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_adaptation_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Space adaptation syndrome">Space adaptation syndrome</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E7%9A%84%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙射线造成的健康威胁（页面不存在）">宇宙射线造成的健康威胁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_threat_from_cosmic_rays" class="extiw" title="en:Health threat from cosmic rays">Health threat from cosmic rays</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%88%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空旅行的心理和社會學效應（页面不存在）">太空旅行的心理和社會學效應</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_and_sociological_effects_of_spaceflight" class="extiw" title="en:Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight">Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空生存（页面不存在）">太空生存</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_and_survival" class="extiw" title="en:Space and survival">Space and survival</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空醫藥（页面不存在）">太空醫藥</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Space medicine">Space medicine</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空護理（页面不存在）">太空護理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_nursing" class="extiw" title="en:Space nursing">Space nursing</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="航天器">航天器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="运载火箭">运载火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="火箭">火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E6%AE%B5" title="舱段">舱段</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E8%88%B1" title="轨道舱">轨道舱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E8%88%B1" title="返回舱">返回舱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E8%88%B1" title="推进舱">推进舱</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="太空飛機">太空飛機</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" title="航天飞机">航天飞机</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="空间站">空间站</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E4%BA%A4%E6%9C%83" title="空間交會">空間交會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%AF%B9%E6%8E%A5" title="空间对接">空间对接</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" title="機器人太空船">機器人太空船</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="空间探测器">空间探测器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%80%E9%99%86%E5%99%A8" title="着陆器">着陆器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E8%BB%8A" title="探測車">探測車</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E8%A4%87%E8%A3%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自我複製太空船（页面不存在）">自我複製太空船</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_spacecraft" class="extiw" title="en:Self-replicating spacecraft">Self-replicating spacecraft</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C" title="空间望远镜">空间望远镜</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B" title="航天器推进">航天器推进</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="火箭发动机">火箭发动机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2" title="電動航天推進">電動航天器推進裝置</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%86" title="太阳帆">太阳帆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A9%E6%8E%A8" title="重力助推">重力助推</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B7%A5%E8%B4%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="无工质型发动机">无工质型发动机</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;">发射方式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA" title="发射场">航天发射中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%8F%B0" title="发射台">发射台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%B5%B7%E9%A3%9E" title="直接起飞">直接起飞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="宇宙速度">逃逸速度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="一次性发射载具">一次性</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%8D%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E8%BD%BD%E5%85%B7" title="可复用发射载具">可重複</a>使用發射系統</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="非火箭航天发射">非火箭航天发射</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99" title="目標">目的</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C" title="次軌道太空飛行">亚轨道飞行</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轨道飞行（页面不存在）">轨道飞行</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" class="extiw" title="en:Orbital spaceflight">Orbital spaceflight</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BF%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="地心轨道">地心轨道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="地球同步轨道">地球同步轨道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E8%88%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="行星際航行">行星際航行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="恆星際旅行">恆星際旅行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%99%85%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" title="星系际旅行">星系际旅行</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0" title="陆地">陆地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="飛行控制人員（页面不存在）">飛行控制人員</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_controller" class="extiw" title="en:Flight controller">Flight controller</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E7%AB%99" title="衛星地面站">衛星地面站</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="任務控制中心（页面不存在）">任務控制中心</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_control_center" class="extiw" title="en:Mission control center">Mission control center</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Category:航天">分类</a></li> <li><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spaceflight" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spaceflight">共享资源</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="Portal:航天">主题</a></li> <li><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="WikiProject:航天">专题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="航天项目一览与年表" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%88%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:航天项目一览与年表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%88%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:航天项目一览与年表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%88%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:航天项目一览与年表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="航天项目一览与年表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">航天项目一览与年表</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="航天">航天</a>综合</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="航天年表">航天年表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天纪录列表">航天纪录</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%8E%E5%BD%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火箭和導彈技術年表（页面不存在）">火箭和導彈技術年表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_rocket_and_missile_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of rocket and missile technology">Timeline of rocket and missile technology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外太空探索时间表（页面不存在）">外太空探索时间表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%9E%E8%B5%9B%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="太空竞赛年表">太空竞赛年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="亞洲太空競賽">亚洲太空竞赛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">载人航天</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" title="载人航天">综合</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9" title="载人飞船">載人航天器列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="載人航天飛行列表">年表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="載人航天飛行列表">載人航天飛行列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941970%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="1961年—1970年載人航天飛行列表">1961年－1970年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941980%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="1971年—1980年載人航天飛行列表">1971年－1980年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941990%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="1981年—1990年載人航天飛行列表">1981年－1990年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%942000%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="1991年—2000年載人航天飛行列表">1991年－2000年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%942010%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2001年—2010年載人航天飛行列表">2001年－2010年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%942020%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2011年—2020年載人航天飛行列表">2011年－2020年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2021年至今载人航天飞行列表">2021年至今</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="载人航天计划列表（页面不存在）">计划列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflight_programs" class="extiw" title="en:List of human spaceflight programs">List of human spaceflight programs</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="联盟系列宇宙飞船发射任务列表">蘇聯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="联盟系列宇宙飞船发射任务列表">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="東方計劃">東方計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="中国载人航天工程">神舟计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%87%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="上升计划">上升计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%A3%9E%E8%88%B9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="联盟系列宇宙飞船发射任务列表">联盟计划列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="水星计划">水星计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%A7%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="双子座计划">双子座计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="阿波罗计划">阿波罗计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="天空实验室">天空实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E7%B1%B3%E7%B5%B2%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="阿提米絲任務列表">阿提米絲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="太空實驗室">太空实验室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E7%82%AE%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="禮炮計劃">禮炮號太空站</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E7%82%AE%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E9%81%A0%E5%BE%81%E9%9A%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="禮炮號太空站遠征隊列表">太空站远征队列表</a></li> <li>发射任务列表 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BC%E7%82%AE%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="礼炮号空间站载人发射任务列表（页面不存在）">載人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflights_to_Salyut_space_stations" class="extiw" title="en:List of human spaceflights to Salyut space stations">List of human spaceflights to Salyut space stations</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BC%E7%82%AE%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="礼炮号空间站无人发射任务列表（页面不存在）">無人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_spaceflights_to_Salyut_space_stations" class="extiw" title="en:List of unmanned spaceflights to Salyut space stations">List of unmanned spaceflights to Salyut space stations</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E7%82%AE%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E8%89%99%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="禮炮號太空站艙外活動列表">太空站舱外活动列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%AE%E7%82%AE%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="禮炮號太空站訪客列表（页面不存在）">禮炮號太空站訪客列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Salyut_visitors" class="extiw" title="en:List of Salyut visitors">List of Salyut visitors</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="和平号空间站">和平号太空站</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E9%81%A0%E5%BE%81%E9%9A%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="和平號太空站遠征隊列表">太空站远征队列表</a></li> <li>发射任务列表 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和平号空间站载人发射任务列表（页面不存在）">载人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_spaceflights_to_Mir" class="extiw" title="en:List of human spaceflights to Mir">List of human spaceflights to Mir</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B7%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和平号空间站无人发射任务列表（页面不存在）">无人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_spaceflights_to_Mir" class="extiw" title="en:List of unmanned spaceflights to Mir">List of unmanned spaceflights to Mir</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空站舱外活动列表（页面不存在）">太空站舱外活动列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mir_spacewalks" class="extiw" title="en:List of Mir spacewalks">List of Mir spacewalks</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和平號太空站訪客列表（页面不存在）">和平號太空站訪客列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mir_visitors" class="extiw" title="en:List of Mir visitors">List of Mir visitors</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="国际空间站">国际空间站</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E9%81%A0%E5%BE%81%E9%9A%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="國際太空站遠征隊列表">太空站远征队列表</a></li> <li>发射任务列表 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="國際太空站載人發射任務列表">载人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E7%84%A1%E4%BA%BA%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="國際太空站無人發射任務列表">无人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际空间站舱外活动列表">太空站舱外活动列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际太空站訪客列表（页面不存在）">国际太空站訪客列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Space_Station_visitors" class="extiw" title="en:List of International Space Station visitors">List of International Space Station visitors</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AB%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="天宫空间站">天宫空间站</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>发射任务列表 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AB%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="天宫空间站载人发射任务列表">载人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AB%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="天宫空间站无人发射任务列表">无人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AB%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="天宫空间站舱外活动列表">太空站舱外活动列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" title="航天飞机">航天飞机</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E6%9C%BA%E7%BB%84%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天飞机机组成员列表（页面不存在）">航天飞机机组成员列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" class="extiw" title="en:List of Space Shuttle crews">List of Space Shuttle crews</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A2%AD%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太空梭任務列表">任务列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天飞机年表（页面不存在）">年表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of Space Shuttle missions">Timeline of Space Shuttle missions</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天飞机撤销发射列表（页面不存在）">航天飞机撤销发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_shuttle_rollbacks" class="extiw" title="en:List of space shuttle rollbacks">List of space shuttle rollbacks</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98" title="宇航员">人物列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>宇航员列表 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="宇航员列表">按名字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E6%8C%89%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇航员列表 (按年份)（页面不存在）">按候选年份</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" class="extiw" title="en:List of astronauts by year of selection">List of astronauts by year of selection</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E9%A3%9E%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="各国宇航员首次飞天时间表">按首次宇航年份</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="阿波罗宇航员列表">阿波罗計劃宇航员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国航天员列表">中国宇航员列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%93%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯宇航員列表（页面不存在）">蘇聯宇航員列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmonauts" class="extiw" title="en:List of cosmonauts">List of cosmonauts</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空旅客列表（页面不存在）">太空旅客列表（按名字）</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_travelers_by_name" class="extiw" title="en:List of space travelers by name">List of space travelers by name</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國太空旅客列表（页面不存在）">各國太空旅客列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_travelers_by_nationality" class="extiw" title="en:List of space travelers by nationality">List of space travelers by nationality</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E9%A3%9E%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="各国宇航员首次飞天时间表">时间表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天相关事故列表">相关事故</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="舱外活动">舱外活动</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="舱外活动列表">舱外活动列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%99%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(1965%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31999%E5%B9%B4)" title="艙外活動列表 (1965年至1999年)">1965年-1999年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(2000%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32014%E5%B9%B4)" title="舱外活动列表 (2000年至2014年)">2000年-2015年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B1%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(2015%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E)" title="舱外活动列表 (2015年之后)">2015年至今</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AF%E8%A8%88%E8%89%99%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="累計艙外活動列表">累計艙外活動列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%BC%AB%E6%AD%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太空漫步列表（页面不存在）">太空漫步列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spacewalkers" class="extiw" title="en:List of spacewalkers">List of spacewalkers</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a>探索</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽系探索年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星際探测列表（页面不存在）">星際探测列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interplanetary_voyages" class="extiw" title="en:List of interplanetary voyages">List of interplanetary voyages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="到外星的任務的列表（页面不存在）">到外星的任務的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_outer_planets" class="extiw" title="en:List of missions to the outer planets">List of missions to the outer planets</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外星登陸列表（页面不存在）">外星登陸列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landings_on_extraterrestrial_bodies" class="extiw" title="en:List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies">List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外星表面的人造物件的列表（页面不存在）">外星表面的人造物件的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_extra-terrestrial_surfaces" class="extiw" title="en:List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces">List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%9C%E7%95%99%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%9C%97%E6%97%A5%E9%BB%9E%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="停留拉格朗日點的人造物件的列表（页面不存在）">停留拉格朗日點的人造物件的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_objects_at_Lagrangian_points" class="extiw" title="en:List of objects at Lagrangian points">List of objects at Lagrangian points</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽系探測器列表">太陽系探測器</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8B%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="運作中的太陽系探測器的列表（页面不存在）">運作中的太陽系探測器的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Solar_System_probes" class="extiw" title="en:List of active Solar System probes">List of active Solar System probes</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="月球探测器列表">月球探测任务列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太陽系探測器列表">太阳探测任务列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="月球探测器列表">月球探测任务列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水星探测任务列表（页面不存在）">水星探测任务列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Mercury" class="extiw" title="en:Exploration of Mercury">Exploration of Mercury</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="金星探测任务列表">金星探测任务列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="火星探测任务列表">火星探测任务列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%83%E9%80%B8%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="逃逸中的探测器的列表（页面不存在）">逃逸中的探测器的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_leaving_the_Solar_System" class="extiw" title="en:List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System">List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人造衛星及太空探測器年表（页面不存在）">人造衛星及太空探測器年表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_satellites_and_space_probes" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes">Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地心轨道人造卫星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣候研究衛星列表（页面不存在）">氣候研究衛星列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_climate_research_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:List of climate research satellites">List of climate research satellites</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球观测卫星列表（页面不存在）">地球观测卫星列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Earth_observation_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:List of Earth observation satellites">List of Earth observation satellites</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球科学卫星年表（页面不存在）">年表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Earth_science_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of Earth science satellites">Timeline of Earth science satellites</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%AB%B8%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通信衛星的諸首次的列表（页面不存在）">通信衛星的諸首次的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_communications_satellite_firsts" class="extiw" title="en:List of communications satellite firsts">List of communications satellite firsts</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立方衛星列表（页面不存在）">立方衛星列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CubeSats" class="extiw" title="en:List of CubeSats">List of CubeSats</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="小型卫星">迷你衛星</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A3%E8%A2%8B%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="口袋衛星（页面不存在）">口袋衛星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PocketQube" class="extiw" title="en:PocketQube">PocketQube</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%8D%E6%96%BC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="位於地球同步轨道的人造卫星的列表（页面不存在）">位於地球同步轨道的人造卫星的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_satellites_in_geosynchronous_orbit" class="extiw" title="en:List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit">List of satellites in geosynchronous orbit</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%99%E6%AD%A2%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="静止环境观测卫星列表（页面不存在）">静止环境观测卫星列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GOES_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:List of GOES satellites">List of GOES satellites</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8F%B7%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙号系列人造卫星列表（页面不存在）">宇宙号系列人造卫星列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:List of Kosmos satellites">List of Kosmos satellites</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A3%81%E5%B1%A4%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="提供地球磁層數據的人造衛星的列表（页面不存在）">提供地球磁層數據的人造衛星的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_satellites_which_have_provided_data_on_Earth%27s_magnetosphere" class="extiw" title="en:List of satellites which have provided data on Earth's magnetosphere">List of satellites which have provided data on Earth's magnetosphere</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%AC%E6%96%BC%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BE%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%B1%80%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="屬於美国国家侦察局的人造卫星的列表（页面不存在）">屬於美国国家侦察局的人造卫星的列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NRO_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of NRO launches">List of NRO launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA%E5%92%8C%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%B9%BC%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="追踪和數據中繼衛星列表（页面不存在）">追踪和數據中繼衛星列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TDRS_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:List of TDRS satellites">List of TDRS satellites</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="GPS卫星列表">GPS卫星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运载系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>航天器列表 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无人航天器列表（页面不存在）">无人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unmanned_spacecraft_by_program" class="extiw" title="en:List of unmanned spacecraft by program">List of unmanned spacecraft by program</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%BD%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="载人航天器列表（页面不存在）">载人</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crewed_spacecraft" class="extiw" title="en:List of crewed spacecraft">List of crewed spacecraft</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="运载火箭列表">运载火箭列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83" title="軌道發射系統比較">各式运载系統的對比</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%BA%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="探空火箭列表（页面不存在）">探空火箭列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sounding_rockets" class="extiw" title="en:List of sounding rockets">List of sounding rockets</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E4%B8%8A%E9%9D%A2%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="火箭上面级列表">火箭上面级列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%85%A5%E8%BD%A8%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首次自主进行入轨发射任务时间表">各国首次自主发射运载火箭时间表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运载火箭发射（按火箭类型）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国运载火箭发射列表">长征系列运载火箭发射列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%80%81%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="罗老运载火箭">罗老运载火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="Mu系列運載火箭">Mu系列运载火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E9%BE%99%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="艾普斯龙运载火箭">艾普斯龍運載火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲运载火箭发射列表">阿丽亚娜系列运载火箭发射列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙神系列运载火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">宇宙神系列运载火箭发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Atlas_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of Atlas launches">List of Atlas launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%8E%A2%E7%A9%BA%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑布蘭特系列探空运载火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">黑布蘭特系列探空运载火箭发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Black_Brant_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of Black Brant launches">List of Black Brant launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E9%B7%B99%E8%99%9F%E4%B8%8E%E7%8D%B5%E9%B7%B9%E9%87%8D%E5%9E%8B%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="獵鷹9號与獵鷹重型運載火箭發射任務列表">獵鷹9號与獵鷹重型運載火箭發射任務列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%8E%E9%B9%B09%E5%8F%B7%E4%B8%8E%E7%8C%8E%E9%B9%B0%E9%87%8D%E5%9E%8B%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(2020%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B32022%E5%B9%B4)" title="猎鹰9号与猎鹰重型运载火箭发射任务列表 (2020年至2022年)">2020年至2022年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E9%B7%B99%E8%99%9F%E4%B8%8E%E7%8D%B5%E9%B7%B9%E9%87%8D%E5%9E%8B%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#2023" title="獵鷹9號与獵鷹重型運載火箭發射任務列表">2023年及以后</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="质子系列运载火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">质子系列运载火箭发射列表</a>（俄语：<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9A_(8%D0%9A82%D0%9A)" class="extiw" title="ru:Список пусков ракет-носителей Протон-К (8К82К)">Список пусков ракет-носителей Протон-К (8К82К)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R-7%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-7火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">R-7火箭发射列表</a>（烏克蘭語：<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0-7" class="extiw" title="uk:Список запусків Р-7">Список запусків Р-7</a>） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="東方號運載火箭">东方号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="聯合系列運載火箭">联盟号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%94%B5%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="闪电运载火箭">闪电号</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%82%E6%9B%89%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拂曉号运载火箭（页面不存在）">拂曉号运载火箭</a>（俄语：<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Восход (ракета-носитель)">Восход (ракета-носитель)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%A5%E5%80%99%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斥候系列运载火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">斥候系列运载火箭发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scout_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of Scout launches">List of Scout launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E7%A5%9E%E5%92%8C%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷神和德尔塔系列运载火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">雷神和德尔塔系列运载火箭发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Thor_and_Delta_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of Thor and Delta launches">List of Thor and Delta launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E5%9D%A6%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰坦系列運載火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">泰坦系列運載火箭发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Titan_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of Titan launches">List of Titan launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V-2%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V-2火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">V-2火箭发射列表</a>（德语：<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Versuchsstarts_der_A4-Rakete" class="extiw" title="de:Liste der Versuchsstarts der A4-Rakete">Liste der Versuchsstarts der A4-Rakete</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E9%A1%B6%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天顶系列运载火箭发射列表（页面不存在）">天顶系列运载火箭发射列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Zenit_launches" class="extiw" title="en:List of Zenit launches">List of Zenit launches</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%AB%BE1%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="朱諾1號運載火箭">朱诺一号运载火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%BD%E7%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="鑽石系列運載火箭">鑽石系列運載火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E9%A2%A8%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="旋風系列運載火箭">旋風系列運載火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8F%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="宇宙号运载火箭">宇宙号运载火箭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运载火箭发射（按國家或地區）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2#韩国运载火箭发射列表" title="韩国航空宇宙研究院">韩国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国运载火箭发射列表">中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本运载火箭发射列表">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="/朝鲜民主主义人民共和国国家航空航天技术总局（页面不存在）">朝鲜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲运载火箭发射列表">欧洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80#以色列运载火箭发射列表" title="以色列航天局">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80#伊朗运载火箭发射列表" title="伊朗航天局">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80#巴西运载火箭发射列表" title="巴西航天局">巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度运载火箭发射列表">印度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">运载火箭发射（按发射場）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8C%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%9C%BA%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="文昌航天发射场发射任务列表">文昌航天发射场发射任务列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%BF%90%E8%BD%BD%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="印度运载火箭发射列表">薩迪什·達萬航天中心发射列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">航天机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通信衛星公司列表（页面不存在）">通信衛星公司列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_communication_satellite_companies" class="extiw" title="en:List of communication satellite companies">List of communication satellite companies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通信衛星操作者的對比（页面不存在）">通信衛星操作者的對比</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_communication_satellite_operators" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of communication satellite operators">Comparison of communication satellite operators</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="私人航天公司列表（页面不存在）">私人航天公司列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_private_spaceflight_companies" class="extiw" title="en:List of private spaceflight companies">List of private spaceflight companies</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E7%99%BC%E5%B0%84%E5%A0%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火箭發射場列表（页面不存在）">火箭發射場列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rocket_launch_sites" class="extiw" title="en:List of rocket launch sites">List of rocket launch sites</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="航天机构列表">航天机构列表</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%95%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="航天器生产商列表（页面不存在）">航天器生产商列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spacecraft_manufacturers" class="extiw" title="en:List of spacecraft manufacturers">List of spacecraft manufacturers</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="私人交通工具" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_transport" title="Template:Private transport"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Private_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Private transport（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Private_transport" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Private transport"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="私人交通工具" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="私人交通工具">私人交通工具</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">机动交通工具</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="汽车">汽车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="摩托艇">摩托艇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="电动车">电动车</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="电动汽车">电动汽车</a> <ul><li>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%9F%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%A6" title="低速电动车">老头乐</a>”</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6" title="电动自行车">电动自行车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%A5%E8%BB%8A" title="電動代步車">电动代步车</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%BB%91%E6%9D%BF" title="电动滑板">电动滑板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%9E%AB%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="气垫艇">气垫艇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摩托车">摩托车</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E4%BE%BF%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98%E8%BD%A6" title="轻便摩托车">轻便摩托车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%85%8B%E9%81%94" title="速克達">速克達</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%99%B4%E5%B0%84%E6%A9%9F" title="商務噴射機">私人飞机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%89%98%E8%88%B9" title="摩托船">摩托船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87#民用潜艇" title="潛艇">私人潜艇</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E8%BD%AE%E6%A4%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机动轮椅（页面不存在）">机动轮椅</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="私人列车（页面不存在）">私人列车</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">私人航天器</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非机动交通工具</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="自行车">自行车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BF%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="轿子">轿子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AE%E7%95%9C" title="驮畜">馱畜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E6%BB%91" title="轮滑">轮滑鞋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E6%9D%BF%E8%BB%8A" title="滑板車">滑板車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E6%9D%BF" title="滑板">滑板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E6%A4%85" class="mw-redirect" title="轮椅">轮椅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="马车">马车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%B0%94%E7%90%83" title="热气球">热气球</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%BA%E7%A7%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="出租交通工具（页面不存在）">出租交通工具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E7%A7%9F%E8%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="汽车租赁">汽车租赁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%9F%E5%98%9F%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="嘟嘟車">嘟嘟車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boda-boda" title="Boda-boda">Boda-boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BD%AE%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="三轮车">三轮车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A1%E5%A4%9A%E6%8B%89" title="贡多拉">贡多拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E8%BB%8A" title="哈克尼車">哈克尼車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%9A%84" title="摩的">摩的</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E5%BA%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB" title="復康巴士">復康巴士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="个人快速运输系统">个人快速运输系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E8%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="人力车">人力车</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交通网络公司（页面不存在）">交通网络公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%B9%98%E8%A8%88%E7%A8%8B%E8%BB%8A" title="合乘計程車">合乘計程車</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%A7%9F%E8%BB%8A" title="出租車">出租車</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共享交通工具</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共享交通（页面不存在）">共享交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="共享汽车">共享汽车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E8%BD%A6" title="拼车">拼车</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Car_jockey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Car jockey（页面不存在）">Car jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flexible_carpooling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flexible carpooling（页面不存在）">Flexible carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B4%84%E8%BB%8A" title="網約車">网约车</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%8B%BC%E8%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="临时拼车（页面不存在）">临时拼车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BB%8A" title="公共自行車">公共自行車</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非交通工具式运输</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9C%E5%86%B0%E9%9E%8B" title="溜冰鞋">溜冰鞋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%92%E8%BC%AA%E9%9E%8B" title="直排輪鞋">直排輪鞋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%91%E6%AD%A5" title="跑步">跑步</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BB%E6%A2%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="登梯（页面不存在）">登梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3" title="游泳">游泳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C" title="步行">步行</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关条目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="公共交通">公共交通</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_public_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Personal public transport（页面不存在）">Personal public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modal_share&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modal share（页面不存在）">Modal share</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=民营航天&oldid=82747613">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=民营航天&oldid=82747613</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%86%9B%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" 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